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单词 graphic
释义

graphicadj.n.

Brit. /ˈɡrafɪk/, U.S. /ˈɡræfɪk/
Etymology: < Latin graphicus, Greek γραϕικός, < γραϕή drawing or writing. Compare French graphique.
A. adj.
1. Drawn with a pencil or pen. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > [adjective] > drawn
graphica1637
a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods lxxxiv. ix. 154 in Wks. (1640) III [God] can Find..Our closest Creekes, and Corners, and can trace Each line, as it were graphick, in the face.
2. Of or relating to drawing or painting. graphic arts: the fine arts of drawing, painting, engraving, etching, etc.; also, the techniques of production and design involved in printing and publishing; graphic design: graphics (sense B. 2 below); so graphic designer.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > [adjective]
graphical1610
graphicc1756
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > [noun]
painting?c1225
pencillingc1532
graphic arts1882
society > communication > printing > manner or style of printing > [noun] > artistic printing
graphic arts1949
graphics1960
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > [noun]
tracingc1440
drawing1467
draught1551
protracture1551
delineation1570
proposition1584
delineating1603
protracting1661
iconography1678
graphic design1956
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > [noun] > drawer or designer
drawer1570
designer1598
draftsman1664
morphographer1697
draughtsmanc1720
composer1723
sketcher1809
draughtswoman1845
fancier1856
proportionalist1857
draftman1889
graphic designer1971
draughtsperson1976
c1756 Epit. G. Vertue in H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (1782) V. 267 With..all the genius of the Graphic Art, His fame shall each succeeding artist own.
1828 C. Lamb Guy Faux in Elia 2nd Ser. 143 I only notice the print as being one of the earliest graphic representations which woke my childhood into wonder.
1872 J. Ruskin Eagle's Nest §123 This faculty of sight..is the only proper faculty which the graphic artist is to use in his inquiries into nature.
1882 P. G. Hamerton (title) The Graphic Arts: a Treatise on the Varieties of Drawing, Painting and Engraving.
1949 Sci. Amer. Nov. 29 The new Graphic Arts Research Foundation, whose work is supported by 139 newspapers, printing firms and other interested groups.
1956 H. Williamson Methods Bk. Design Pref. Principles of graphic design which apply to all kinds of book production.
1967Graphic design [see sense B. 3].
1967 R. R. Karch & E. J. Buber Graphic Arts Procedures: Offset Processes ii. 9 Of the many methods and procedures used in the graphic arts, letterpress and offset-lithography account for 66·1% in monetary value.
1971 G. Perry & A. Aldridge Penguin Bk. Comics (ed. 2) Bastard title p. Alan Aldridge is one of the most original and creative graphic designers... His unique style of illustration has appeared in countless magazines, newspapers, record sleeves, posters.
3. Producing by words the effect of a picture; vividly descriptive, life-like.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > narration > description or act of describing > [adjective] > describing vividly > graphic
pictured1561
graphical1644
graphic1669
picturesquea1734
vivid1837
pictorial1841
1669 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. I iii. i. 15 He shews..that Poesie was..a graphic Art, or Art of Imitation.
a1745 J. Swift Dan Jackson's Pict. 1 Whilst you three merry poets traffic To give us a description graphic Of Dan's large nose in modern Sapphic.
1830 A. Cunningham Lives Brit. Painters (ed. 2) II. 228 They are all..graphic copies of common life.
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. i. 14 Expressions, which not even the desire to be graphic in our account shall induce us to transcribe.
1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. iii. 265 A Venetian..wrote..to Henry, informing him in a very graphic manner of the treatment to which..he had been exposed.
1872 C. Darwin Expression Emotions Man & Animals xi. 260 A graphic description of the face of a young Hindoo at the sight of castor-oil.
4.
a. Of or pertaining to writing; fit to be written on.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > [adjective]
graphical1643
pennish1646
scriptorian1656
scriptorya1682
graphic1778
scriptorial1781
scriptural1827
drawn-out1847
1778 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry II. viii. 157 [Chatterton] became a skilful practitioner in various kinds of hand-writing. Availing himself therefore of..his facility in the graphic art..he [etc.].
1854 S. T. Dobell Balder xxiii. 87 I would..make eloquent The graphic bark of beech.
1863 D. Wilson Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. (ed. 2) II. iv. ii. 289 The later scribe executing his graphic art.
1877 E. R. Conder Basis of Faith v. 197 Letters, hieroglyphics, or any kind of graphic symbol.
1882 Skeat in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1880–1 iii. *176 If we now collate the two copies, we find..certain variations which are merely graphic, and of no linguistic significance.
b. Of a mineral: Presenting on the surface, or in the fracture, an appearance of written or printed characters. graphic gold, graphic ore, graphic tellurium: = sylvanite n. graphic granite (see quot. 1859).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > mineral structure or appearance > [adjective] > cleavage or fracture
beddy1709
splintery1794
conchoid1802
conchoidal1802
graphic1814
axotomous1834
fendillated1853
plagioclastic1869
plagioclasic1913
1814 A. Aikin Man. Mineral. 70 Graphic tellurium. Graphic Gold.
1823 A. Ure Dict. Chem. (ed. 2) Graphic-ore, an ore of tellurium, occurring in veins in porphyry in Transylvania.
1828 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 14 362 Granite, is..graphic, when [etc.].
1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 355/2 The felspar in graphic granite is almost one huge crystallized mass.
1859 D. Page Handbk. Geol. Terms 185 Graphic Granite..a binary compound of felspar and quartz—the quartz being disposed through the felspar matrix like lines of Arabic writing.
1868 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. (ed. 5) 81 Graphic Tellurium.
1879 F. Rutley Study of Rocks xii. 211 The so-called graphic-granite..in which the quartz..roughly resembles Hebrew characters.
5.
a. Pertaining to the use of diagrams, linear figures, or symbolic curves. graphic formula: in chemistry, a formula (see formula n. 3b) in which lines are employed to indicate the connections of the elements represented by the symbols. (Cf. graph n.1 1.) graphic method, graphic solution: a method of solving problems (e.g. in Statics; occasionally in Algebra) by the construction of a diagram from which the result is obtained by direct measurement instead of calculation. graphic method: the method of recording movements of a part of the body by some automatic instrument, e.g. the movement of the pulse by the sphygmograph.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > graph or diagram > [adjective]
graphical1784
graphic1866
1866 E. Frankland Lect. Notes iii. 24 Graphic notation..is founded almost entirely upon the doctrine of atomicity, and consists in representing graphically the mode in which every bond in a chemical compound is disposed of.
1866 E. Frankland Lect. Notes iii. 24 The following comparative examples of symbolic and graphic formulæ.
1870 E. Atkinson tr. A. Ganot Elem. Treat. Physics §216 M. Duhamel's graphic method..consists in fixing a fine point to the body emitting the sound, and causing it to trace the vibrations on a properly prepared surface.
1884 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 6 175 (title) A Graphic Method of Solving Spherical Triangles.
1884 Science 3 164/1 Graphic representations are always specially valuable to the reader.
1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 326 A continuous graphic record of the blood pressure was obtained by means of a manometer.
b. Of a geometrical proposition, or a branch of geometry: Concerned with position and form, not with measurement. Opposed to metric.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > [adjective] > branches of
stereometrical1656
Apollonian1704
Euclidean1714
isoperimetrical1743
stereotomical1828
stereotomic1860
stereometric1862
graphic1865
parabolic1872
metageometrical1882
pangeometrical1882
Riemannian1889
synthetic1889
polygonometric1890
Lobachevskian1896
topological1913
1865 W. K. Clifford Math. Papers (1882) 80 It may be possible to state the same theorem in two ways, so as to make it either metric or graphic.
6. graphic equalizer n. a device enabling the quality of an audio signal to be varied by adjusting its strength in each of a series of frequency bands independently, each band having its own control (usually a slider).
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > telecommunication > [noun] > signal > device enabling quality of signal to be varied
graphic equalizer1969
1969 Jrnl. Audio Engin. Soc. 17 20/1 This circuit could easily be adapted to be a section of a graphic equalizer.
1976 Gramophone May 1826/2 The graphic equalizer is not for every hi-fi customer, because it does require some skill, time and patience in usage... JVC was the first to offer in their stereo and four-channel receivers a relatively simple 5-ganged sound equalisation system which went beyond the conventional tone controls.
1984 Listener 3 May 21/1 (advt.) It also boasts a twin deck cassette player with Dolby B and C and a stereo amplifier with graphic equalizer.
B. n.
1.
a. plural. The technical use of diagrams and figures as an aid to mathematical calculation or to engineering or architectural design.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > graph or diagram > [noun] > use of
graphics1889
1889 R. H. Smith (title) Graphics: or the Art of Calculation by Drawing Lines.
1898 Perry Applied Mechanics 1 One teacher seems to think that applied mechanics is simply the study of kinematics and mechanisms..another, that it is mere graphics.
1912 D. A. Low (title) Practical geometry and graphics.
1929 W. Abbott Pract. Geom. & Engin. Graphics 3 In Part I considerable space has been devoted to Engineering Graphics, particularly to the applications of graphical integration.
1960 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. IV. 615/1 Engineering graphics includes preparation of drawings that show the shape of objects.
b. plural. The production of diagrams, patterns, etc., by means of a computer.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > [noun] > by means of a computer
computer graphic1963
graphics1966
object1973
society > computing and information technology > software > [noun] > applications program > graphics > production of
computer graphic1963
graphics1966
paint1984
1966 Sci. Amer. Sept. 184 (caption) Perspective drawing of a vehicle designed for reentry from space was produced by a computer-graphics program.
1969 Computers & Humanities 4 66 Production of Visual Material by Computer. The formal name of this category is computer graphics, but you might prefer calling it computer art.
1970 Computers & Humanities 4 172 By concentrating on a single graphics language, each student will have the opportunity to prepare a computer-generated film sequence.
2. plural. Design and decoration that involves typographic elements; the production of pictures, diagrams, etc., in association with text.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > manner or style of printing > [noun] > artistic printing
graphic arts1949
graphics1960
1960 Design Sept. 79/1 The type of credits designed by Saul Bass are an isolated example of good graphics for movies.
1965 Amer. Notes & Queries Apr. 122/1 A graphics exhibition centering on the production of a recent book published by the famous Gehenna Press.
1967 M. McLuhan & Q. Fiore Medium is Massage (back-flap of dust-cover) Quentin Fiore is a distinguished graphics designer and artist.
1971 Guardian 12 Oct. 8/2 Graphics, textile design, ceramics..and many other design courses.
3. An example of the graphic arts or of graphic design; also, a diagram, pattern, picture, etc., produced by means of a computer.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > [noun] > a graphic representation > produced by a computer
graphic1961
1961 Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang.
1967 Listener 2 Mar. 296/3 There is an exhibition of Polish graphics. These are not prints but examples of graphic design... Typography is used as an essential element in the design rather than as adjunct to photography and illustration.
1969 Computers & Humanities 4 66 Since the first computers used typewriters and punched cards, the first graphics were illustrations using clever combinations of typing characters, or simple arrays of holes.
1970 Guardian 17 June 12/6 At present neither multiples nor graphics (that is prints of all kinds) sell in really mass editions.

Derivatives

Categories »
ˈgraphicly adv. rare (In modern dictionaries.)Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
ˈgraphicness n. vividness of description.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > narration > description or act of describing > [noun] > graphic or vivid > graphicness
vividness1828
pictorialness1857
graphicness1861
1861 A. Geikie Mem. E. Forbes xi. 330 This is brought out with a melancholy graphicness in his letters to Mr. Thompson.
1890 Illustr. Sporting & Dramatic News 13 Sept. 23/3 I went on to describe with equal graphicness encounters with beasts.

Draft additions 1993

7. graphic novel, a full-length (esp. science fiction or fantasy) story published as a book in comic-strip format.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > novel > [noun] > other types of novel
political novel1735
comic novel1787
epistolary1804
autobiographical novel1832
Robinsonade1837
roman1867
sea-book1867
roman à clef1882
roman expérimental1884
hill-top novel1895
saga1895
Bildungsroman1910
pulp fiction1931
American Gothic1938
Künstlerroman1941
suspense novel1952
nouveau roman1959
sword and sorcery1961
graphic novel1964
non-fiction novel1965
schlockbuster1966
dark fantasy1968
celebrity novel1969
swashbuckler1975
chick lit1988
splatterpunk1988
Aga saga1992
1964 Richard Kyle's Wonderworld 4 in Capa-Alpha Nov. So, in future issues of Wonderworld, when you find me using the terms ‘graphic story’ and ‘graphic novel’ to describe the artistically serious ‘comic book strip’, you'll know what I mean.
1972 Sinister House Secret Love Jan. (front cover) A graphic novel of Gothic terror.
1978 W. Eisner (title) A contract with God: and other tenement stories... A graphic novel.
1983 N.Y. Times 5 Aug. c20/3 The second will focus on ‘graphic novels’, such as ‘Tintin’ and ‘Asterix’, which are selling up a storm throughout the world.
1986 Chicago Tribune 28 Aug. v. 1/5 One-shot ‘graphic novels’, printed on high-quality paper and retailing for, in some cases, upwards of $10.
1990 Rolling Stone 22 Mar. 76/4 Catalogs from America's finest comics publishers, featuring stunning European graphic novels.

Draft additions December 2002

Providing or conveying full, unexpurgated detail; expressly stated or represented; explicit, esp. in the depiction of sex or violence.
ΚΠ
1856 N.Y. Times 6 Dec. 3/2 The publishers..say it is a ‘graphic and thrilling description of a wrecking scene on the coast of New Jersey’, but it is not very graphic nor particularly thrilling.
1927 B. J. Stern Social Factors in Med. Progress 56 Condemning vaccination in violent abusive language and describing its resultant horrors in graphic detail.
1969 H. Raymont in N.Y. Times 24 Mar. 56/2 In addition to graphic, though simulated, scenes of sexual intercourse there is a frenzy of homosexual and other unorthodox sexual acts.
1976 Newsweek (Nexis) 24 May 22 His book was a pulpy thriller offering an intriguing view of the Washington power game, some locker-room sex, graphic violence.
2001 Mirror (Electronic ed.) 9 July A bit of graphic sex education doesn't do much harm to the average horny, hormone-crazed teenager.

Draft additions December 2002

Sharp, well-defined (literal and figurative); clear, unequivocal.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > evident certainty > [adjective] > in meaning
sure1493
univocal?1541
univoque?1541
inequivocal1779
unequivocal1785
rousing1836
resounding1873
unequivocable1921
graphic1937
full-frontal1971
1937 H. Shephard in Life 13 Sept. 9/2 Its finest department—color reproductions—has been wasted recently on airplanes and airplane cross-sections which are quite as graphic in black and white.
1954 Life 19 Apr. 85/1 For Executive Suite the studio picked a fabulous cast of eight stars... It was graphic, and probably not accidental, proof that M-G-M, long vaunted as the studio of the stars, could still throw in an all-American lineup if it felt like it.
a1961 B. Burns in Webster's 3rd New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1961) (at cited word) Plush buildings..which I saw as a graphic contrast to the slums.
1997 Independent (Electronic ed.) 17 Dec. The people in our new television ads are graphic examples of the pain and suffering caused by smoking.

Draft additions March 2003

graphic user interface n. Computing = graphical user interface n. at graphical adj. Additions.
ΘΚΠ
society > computing and information technology > [noun] > user interface
user interface1967
command line1971
graphic user interface1981
CLI1982
command line interface1983
WIMP1984
UI1990
1981 ACM Trans. Programming Lang. & Syst. 3 353 An interactive, graphic user interface is provided that allows the user to view and edit a simulation.
1992 InterCity Mag. Feb. 19/2 It also lets top managers select exactly the data they need through ‘graphic user interfaces’ which help technophobes deal with the computer.
2001 Broadcast Engin. (Electronic ed.) 1 Dec. Utilizing the simple application programming interface (API) and graphic user interface (GUI), the chip offers consumer electronics significant advantages over competitive solutions.

Draft additions June 2015

graphic abbreviation n. Linguistics and Palaeography a written abbreviation of a word intended to be read as the full word, as distinguished from one which is pronounced as it is spelled.
ΚΠ
1888 H. Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds (new ed.) 116 Shortening of doubling.., as in..ealne, midne=eallne, middne, may be only a graphic abbreviation.
1951 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 72 196 The loss of the long vowel in sin(ā)s is of course not by syncope, but purely a graphic abbreviation.
1969 Jrnl. Egyptian Archaeol. 55 217 nb for nbt is by no means unusual and may be a graphic abbreviation.
2009 P. Durkin Oxf. Guide Etymol. iv. 116 Some early examples..may have originated as graphic abbreviations in the written language, at first read as the full word and only later coming to be realized by a clipped spoken form.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

> see also

also refers to : -graphiccomb. form
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adj.n.a1637
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