abbreviationn.

Brit.

/əˌbriːvɪˈeɪʃn/, U.S.

/əˌbriviˈeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English abbreuiacioun, late Middle English abbreviacion, late Middle English–1600s abreuiation, late Middle English–1600s abreviacioun, late Middle English–1600s abreviation, 1500s abbreuiacion, 1500s abbreuiation, 1500s abbreviasin, 1500s abreuyacyon, 1500s abrevyation, 1500s– abbreviation, 1600s abreviacion.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French abreviation.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French abreviation, Middle French abreviacion act of making shorter in duration (1st half of the 14th cent.), summary of a text (1377; French abbréviation ) < post-classical Latin abbreviation- , abbreviatio diminution (Vulgate), act of shortening in writing, summary, abridgement (4th cent.), act of shortening in time (from 13th cent. in British sources) < abbreviat- , past participial stem of abbreviare abbreviate v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan abreviacio (14th cent.; Occitan abreviacioun), Catalan abreviació (1492), Spanish abreviación (1428), Portuguese abreviação (1563), Italian abbreviazione (1363).

†1. Medicine. Reduction in the length or size of a part of the body; contraction, esp. of a muscle; an instance of this. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun]

waningc900

littlingOE

lessingc1350

abating1370

diminutionc1374

minishinga1382

decrease1383

remissiona1398

shrinkinga1398

decreasing1398

adminishing?c1400

abbreviation?a1425

lessening?a1425

minoration?a1425

disincrease1430

abatement1433

restrictiona1450

batea1475

diminuation1477

limitation1483

abate1486

minute1495

minishment1533

mitigation1533

diminishinga1535

extenuation1542

slacking1542

reduce1549

diminishment1551

perditionc1555

debatementa1563

rebatement1573

obstriction1578

imminution1583

contracting1585

contraction1589

rabate1589

rebating1598

retrenchmentc1600

decession1606

ravalling1609

reducement1619

decrement1621

bating1629

shrivellinga1631

decretion1635

dejection1652

abater1653

rolling back1658

limiting1677

batement1679

reduction1695

depression1793

downdraw1813

descent1832

decess1854

lowering1868

shrinkage1873

dégringolade1883

minification1894

degrowth1920

downrating1950

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 6 Of abbreuiacioun [?c1425 Paris schortenesse] & reuersacioun of the palpebrez.

1663 R. Bayfield Τῆς Ἰατρικῆς Κάρτος 61 A Spasm, or Convulsion, is an involuntary, perpetual, and painful retraction (or drawing back) of the Muscles towards the place of their original, and first beginning, arising from the abbreviation and shortening of the nervous (or sinewy) parts.

1681 J. Browne Compl. Treat. Muscles Epistle to Reader sig. d* All the Fleshy Fibres being corrugated together, and are more tumefied, and do appear more asperate, hence cometh its abbreviation.

1701 tr. D. Tauvry New Rational Anat. 261 The abbreviation of the second Muscle pulls the Lateral part of the Scutiformis towards the fore part of the Annular.

1793 W. Rowley Rational Pract. Physic IV. 46 The abbreviation and extension of these muscles are very considerable, and cause no small friction in the cellular substance covering them.

1824 Med. Adviser 1 322/2 A muscle is capable of two motions, one of extension or elongation, and another of contraction or abbreviation.

1851 W. E. Horner Special Anat. & Histol. (ed. 8) II. 47 About a finger's length from the anus there is a puckering of the gut..such as occurs in the colon, and it arises from a similar cause, that is, an abbreviation of the longitudinal layer of muscular fibres of the gut.

a. The result of shortening something; an abbreviated or condensed form, esp. of a text; a summary, an abridgement.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [noun]

abbreviationa1464

summary1509

breve1523

bridgement1523

abbreviate1531

summulary1533

breviary1547

extract1549

digest1555

brief1563

promptuary1577

abbreviature1578

institute1578

breviation1580

breviate1581

compendiary1589

symbol1594

ramass1596

compendium1608

abridgement1609

digestment1610

digestion1613

epitome1623

abridge1634

comprisal1640

comprisurea1641

syntome1641

medulla1644

multum in parvo1653

contracta1657

landscape1656

comprehension1659

sylloge1686

contraction1697

résumé1782

compend1796

sum-up1848

roundup1884

wrap-up1960

a1464 J. Capgrave Chron. Eng. (Cambr.) 17 (MED) Of these thre sones grew al mankynde in this world, and be what order here schul ȝe have abreviacioun.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1874) V. 25 Trogus Pompeius..did write as alle the storyes of the worlde... The abbreviacion [L. abbreviationem] of whom Iustinus his disciple and writer off storyes made.

1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca at Croesus Clio, whyche I wold god were radde oftentymes of kynges and theyr counsaylours, for whose commoditie I haue wrytten this Epytome or abbreuiation.

1589 T. Nashe To Students in R. Greene Menaphon Epist. sig. **4 And heere could I enter into a large fielde of inuectiue, against our abiect abbreuiations of Artes.

1655 W. Prynne 2nd Pt. Seasonable, Legal & Hist. Vindic. iii. 60 William Malmesbury and Huntindow give us this Abbreviation of their Rebellions, Treasons, Regecides.

1690 in G. Lamoine Charges to Grand Jury (1992) 41 His Deprivation was..confirmed by the Pope..as Girard sets down in both his French Chronicles, the Large one, and the Abbreviation.

1774 Ld. Chesterfield Lett. to Son I. 130 A Novel is a kind of abbreviation of a Romance.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1750 I. 110 Johnson's abbreviations are all distinct, and applicable to each subject.

1838 W. Ware Probus I. v. 162 What word but priest stands with all as an abbreviation and epitome of whatever pollutes and defiles the name of man?

1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind iii. 52 To make a sort of abbreviation of this movement.

1922 Mississippi Law Rev. Nov. 54 In 1519 John Rastell published a translated abbreviation of the statutes up to date.

2003 P. Kunitzsch in J. P. Hogendijk & A. I. Sabra Enterprise Sci. in Islam 10 He wrote an abbreviation of Al-Battānī's Zīj.

b. spec. A shortened form of a word or phrase.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [noun] > abbreviation or contraction > a contracted word

syncope1530

syncopation?1533

abbreviation1576

abbreviature1602

abridgement1612

contract1669

contraction1755

shrivel1873

suspension1896

stump word1922

clipping1933

1576 A. Fleming in tr. J. Caius Eng. Dogges sig. H.ii So haue wee byn fayne to let the Greeke words run their full length, for lacke of Abbreuiations.

1646 J. Gregory Notes & Observ. 101 It was a phrase of so common speech with them, that they contracted it into an Abbreviation of their kind, which to avoid repetition at large, useth a Letter for a word.

1683 H. Dodwell Disc. conc. One Altar & One Priesthood vi. 123 The change be rather deduced from a mistake of El for a final abbreviation of the word Israel: yet there are instances of Abbreviations as harsh as this among the Massorites.

1712 J. Swift Proposal for Eng. Tongue 22 Most of the Books we see now a-days, are full of those Manglings and Abbreviations.

1794 R. Burns Let. 19 Nov. (1985) II. 327 I remember your objections to the name Philly, but it is the common abbreviation of Phillis, which is now a common Christian name.

1853 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1854) I. iv. 37 ‘Smiffle’, it must be explained, is a fond abbreviation for Smithfield.

1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. App. 547 The latter form is clearly a mere abbreviation.

1917 Los Angeles Times 22 Apr. iii. 22 The mess sergeant is sometimes called ‘the mess’, and that, perhaps, is an unfair and deceptive abbreviation.

1956 A. L. Rowse Diary 14 Oct. (2003) 259 ‘Shug?’ she said to me familiarly, handing me my coffee: the abbreviation surprised me in that environment.

2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Sept. 4/4 A reference work of these colossal proportions is bound to be crammed with acronyms and abbreviations.

3. The action or process of shortening or curtailing something. Also: an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > shortness > [noun] > making short or shorter

shortinga1390

abbreviationc1487

decurtation1652

abbreviature1659

shortening1796

apocopation1873

curtailment1878

c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica iii. 211 There be bestes which be called bubali..and many other of dyuers forme and shap which we be determyned for thabreuiation of oure processe to passe over.

1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 205 Neyther hath this our manner of abbreuiation, corrupted the names of townes and places only.

a1626 J. Horsey Relacion Trav. in E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. (1856) 156 With som small abreviacion and pronunciacion yt [sc. the Russian language] coms near the Polish.

1691 R. Baxter Glorious Kingdom of Christ ii. 29 You pervert the Text to countenance your pretended abbreviation of Christs Reign to a Thousand years.

a1718 R. Cumberland Origines Gentium Antiq. (1724) iv. 145 The gradual abbreviation of men's lives.

1792 R. Bage Man as he Is I. xxii. 236 Mr. Lindsay had not the same cause for abbreviation of memory.

1824 R. Southey Bk. of Church I. 311 They might purchase a free passage through Purgatory, or at least, an abbreviation of the term.

1867 T. D. English Ambrose Fecit xx. 100 ‘If you don't take care you'll come away with two short stumps sticking to your body.’ I promised to use proper precautions to prevent the abbreviation of my legs.

1909 J. E. Wilson Dis. Nerv. Syst. viii. 434 The probability of cure is almost ‘nil’, but the danger of an abbreviation of life is almost as slight.

1968 B. Foster Changing Eng. Lang. iv. 196 Initials were very widely used for purposes of abbreviation in general.

2001 D. Schoemperlen Our Lady of Lost & Found x. 120 The Blessed Virgin Mary (who, for the sake of abbreviation, is sometimes referred to as the BVM).

†4. Mathematics. The process of converting a fraction to an equivalent form with lower values of numerator and denominator (usually the lowest possible); = reduction n. 9b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > ratio or proportion > fraction > [noun] > process of reducing fraction

abbreviation1562

reduction1594

1562 H. Baker Well Sprynge Sci. ii. iii. f. 50 Abbreuiation is as much as to set down, or to write a broken number by figures of lesse signification, & not diminishing the value therof.

1679 R. Chamberlain Arithmetick xiv. 188 You will have the new Fraction ³⁷⁵⁰/ ₂₂₆₈₀, which by abbreviation is ¹²⁵/ ₇₅₆.

1768 G. Fisher Arithmetick (ed. 12) xix. 280 (heading) Abbreviation, or how to bring a Fraction into its lowest Denomination.

1855 C. Davies & W. G. Peck Math. Dict. 6/1 The abbreviation of a fraction is the operation of reducing it to lower terms.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	abbreviation
释义	abbreviationn. Brit. /əˌbriːvɪˈeɪʃn/, U.S. /əˌbriviˈeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English abbreuiacioun, late Middle English abbreviacion, late Middle English–1600s abreuiation, late Middle English–1600s abreviacioun, late Middle English–1600s abreviation, 1500s abbreuiacion, 1500s abbreuiation, 1500s abbreviasin, 1500s abreuyacyon, 1500s abrevyation, 1500s– abbreviation, 1600s abreviacion. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French abreviation. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French abreviation, Middle French abreviacion act of making shorter in duration (1st half of the 14th cent.), summary of a text (1377; French abbréviation ) < post-classical Latin abbreviation- , abbreviatio diminution (Vulgate), act of shortening in writing, summary, abridgement (4th cent.), act of shortening in time (from 13th cent. in British sources) < abbreviat- , past participial stem of abbreviare abbreviate v. + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan abreviacio (14th cent.; Occitan abreviacioun), Catalan abreviació (1492), Spanish abreviación (1428), Portuguese abreviação (1563), Italian abbreviazione (1363). †1. Medicine. Reduction in the length or size of a part of the body; contraction, esp. of a muscle; an instance of this. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > [noun] waningc900 littlingOE lessingc1350 abating1370 diminutionc1374 minishinga1382 decrease1383 remissiona1398 shrinkinga1398 decreasing1398 adminishing?c1400 abbreviation?a1425 lessening?a1425 minoration?a1425 disincrease1430 abatement1433 restrictiona1450 batea1475 diminuation1477 limitation1483 abate1486 minute1495 minishment1533 mitigation1533 diminishinga1535 extenuation1542 slacking1542 reduce1549 diminishment1551 perditionc1555 debatementa1563 rebatement1573 obstriction1578 imminution1583 contracting1585 contraction1589 rabate1589 rebating1598 retrenchmentc1600 decession1606 ravalling1609 reducement1619 decrement1621 bating1629 shrivellinga1631 decretion1635 dejection1652 abater1653 rolling back1658 limiting1677 batement1679 reduction1695 depression1793 downdraw1813 descent1832 decess1854 lowering1868 shrinkage1873 dégringolade1883 minification1894 degrowth1920 downrating1950 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 6 Of abbreuiacioun [?c1425 Paris schortenesse] & reuersacioun of the palpebrez. 1663 R. Bayfield Τῆς Ἰατρικῆς Κάρτος 61 A Spasm, or Convulsion, is an involuntary, perpetual, and painful retraction (or drawing back) of the Muscles towards the place of their original, and first beginning, arising from the abbreviation and shortening of the nervous (or sinewy) parts. 1681 J. Browne Compl. Treat. Muscles Epistle to Reader sig. d* All the Fleshy Fibres being corrugated together, and are more tumefied, and do appear more asperate, hence cometh its abbreviation. 1701 tr. D. Tauvry New Rational Anat. 261 The abbreviation of the second Muscle pulls the Lateral part of the Scutiformis towards the fore part of the Annular. 1793 W. Rowley Rational Pract. Physic IV. 46 The abbreviation and extension of these muscles are very considerable, and cause no small friction in the cellular substance covering them. 1824 Med. Adviser 1 322/2 A muscle is capable of two motions, one of extension or elongation, and another of contraction or abbreviation. 1851 W. E. Horner Special Anat. & Histol. (ed. 8) II. 47 About a finger's length from the anus there is a puckering of the gut..such as occurs in the colon, and it arises from a similar cause, that is, an abbreviation of the longitudinal layer of muscular fibres of the gut. 2. a. The result of shortening something; an abbreviated or condensed form, esp. of a text; a summary, an abridgement. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [noun] abbreviationa1464 summary1509 breve1523 bridgement1523 abbreviate1531 summulary1533 breviary1547 extract1549 digest1555 brief1563 promptuary1577 abbreviature1578 institute1578 breviation1580 breviate1581 compendiary1589 symbol1594 ramass1596 compendium1608 abridgement1609 digestment1610 digestion1613 epitome1623 abridge1634 comprisal1640 comprisurea1641 syntome1641 medulla1644 multum in parvo1653 contracta1657 landscape1656 comprehension1659 sylloge1686 contraction1697 résumé1782 compend1796 sum-up1848 roundup1884 wrap-up1960 a1464 J. Capgrave Chron. Eng. (Cambr.) 17 (MED) Of these thre sones grew al mankynde in this world, and be what order here schul ȝe have abreviacioun. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1874) V. 25 Trogus Pompeius..did write as alle the storyes of the worlde... The abbreviacion [L. abbreviationem] of whom Iustinus his disciple and writer off storyes made. 1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca at Croesus Clio, whyche I wold god were radde oftentymes of kynges and theyr counsaylours, for whose commoditie I haue wrytten this Epytome or abbreuiation. 1589 T. Nashe To Students in R. Greene Menaphon Epist. sig. *4 And heere could I enter into a large fielde of inuectiue, against our abiect abbreuiations of Artes. 1655 W. Prynne 2nd Pt. Seasonable, Legal & Hist. Vindic.* iii. 60 William Malmesbury and Huntindow give us this Abbreviation of their Rebellions, Treasons, Regecides. 1690 in G. Lamoine Charges to Grand Jury (1992) 41 His Deprivation was..confirmed by the Pope..as Girard sets down in both his French Chronicles, the Large one, and the Abbreviation. 1774 Ld. Chesterfield Lett. to Son I. 130 A Novel is a kind of abbreviation of a Romance. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1750 I. 110 Johnson's abbreviations are all distinct, and applicable to each subject. 1838 W. Ware Probus I. v. 162 What word but priest stands with all as an abbreviation and epitome of whatever pollutes and defiles the name of man? 1865 E. B. Tylor Res. Early Hist. Mankind iii. 52 To make a sort of abbreviation of this movement. 1922 Mississippi Law Rev. Nov. 54 In 1519 John Rastell published a translated abbreviation of the statutes up to date. 2003 P. Kunitzsch in J. P. Hogendijk & A. I. Sabra Enterprise Sci. in Islam 10 He wrote an abbreviation of Al-Battānī's Zīj. b. spec. A shortened form of a word or phrase. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [noun] > abbreviation or contraction > a contracted word syncope1530 syncopation?1533 abbreviation1576 abbreviature1602 abridgement1612 contract1669 contraction1755 shrivel1873 suspension1896 stump word1922 clipping1933 1576 A. Fleming in tr. J. Caius Eng. Dogges sig. H.ii So haue wee byn fayne to let the Greeke words run their full length, for lacke of Abbreuiations. 1646 J. Gregory Notes & Observ. 101 It was a phrase of so common speech with them, that they contracted it into an Abbreviation of their kind, which to avoid repetition at large, useth a Letter for a word. 1683 H. Dodwell Disc. conc. One Altar & One Priesthood vi. 123 The change be rather deduced from a mistake of El for a final abbreviation of the word Israel: yet there are instances of Abbreviations as harsh as this among the Massorites. 1712 J. Swift Proposal for Eng. Tongue 22 Most of the Books we see now a-days, are full of those Manglings and Abbreviations. 1794 R. Burns Let. 19 Nov. (1985) II. 327 I remember your objections to the name Philly, but it is the common abbreviation of Phillis, which is now a common Christian name. 1853 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1854) I. iv. 37 ‘Smiffle’, it must be explained, is a fond abbreviation for Smithfield. 1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. App. 547 The latter form is clearly a mere abbreviation. 1917 Los Angeles Times 22 Apr. iii. 22 The mess sergeant is sometimes called ‘the mess’, and that, perhaps, is an unfair and deceptive abbreviation. 1956 A. L. Rowse Diary 14 Oct. (2003) 259 ‘Shug?’ she said to me familiarly, handing me my coffee: the abbreviation surprised me in that environment. 2004 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Sept. 4/4 A reference work of these colossal proportions is bound to be crammed with acronyms and abbreviations. 3. The action or process of shortening or curtailing something. Also: an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > shortness > [noun] > making short or shorter shortinga1390 abbreviationc1487 decurtation1652 abbreviature1659 shortening1796 apocopation1873 curtailment1878 c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica iii. 211 There be bestes which be called bubali..and many other of dyuers forme and shap which we be determyned for thabreuiation of oure processe to passe over. 1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 205 Neyther hath this our manner of abbreuiation, corrupted the names of townes and places only. a1626 J. Horsey Relacion Trav. in E. A. Bond Russia at Close of 16th Cent. (1856) 156 With som small abreviacion and pronunciacion yt [sc. the Russian language] coms near the Polish. 1691 R. Baxter Glorious Kingdom of Christ ii. 29 You pervert the Text to countenance your pretended abbreviation of Christs Reign to a Thousand years. a1718 R. Cumberland Origines Gentium Antiq. (1724) iv. 145 The gradual abbreviation of men's lives. 1792 R. Bage Man as he Is I. xxii. 236 Mr. Lindsay had not the same cause for abbreviation of memory. 1824 R. Southey Bk. of Church I. 311 They might purchase a free passage through Purgatory, or at least, an abbreviation of the term. 1867 T. D. English Ambrose Fecit xx. 100 ‘If you don't take care you'll come away with two short stumps sticking to your body.’ I promised to use proper precautions to prevent the abbreviation of my legs. 1909 J. E. Wilson Dis. Nerv. Syst. viii. 434 The probability of cure is almost ‘nil’, but the danger of an abbreviation of life is almost as slight. 1968 B. Foster Changing Eng. Lang. iv. 196 Initials were very widely used for purposes of abbreviation in general. 2001 D. Schoemperlen Our Lady of Lost & Found x. 120 The Blessed Virgin Mary (who, for the sake of abbreviation, is sometimes referred to as the BVM). †4. Mathematics. The process of converting a fraction to an equivalent form with lower values of numerator and denominator (usually the lowest possible); = reduction n. 9b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > ratio or proportion > fraction > [noun] > process of reducing fraction abbreviation1562 reduction1594 1562 H. Baker Well Sprynge Sci. ii. iii. f. 50 Abbreuiation is as much as to set down, or to write a broken number by figures of lesse signification, & not diminishing the value therof. 1679 R. Chamberlain Arithmetick xiv. 188 You will have the new Fraction ³⁷⁵⁰/ ₂₂₆₈₀, which by abbreviation is ¹²⁵/ ₇₅₆. 1768 G. Fisher Arithmetick (ed. 12) xix. 280 (heading) Abbreviation, or how to bring a Fraction into its lowest Denomination. 1855 C. Davies & W. G. Peck Math. Dict. 6/1 The abbreviation of a fraction is the operation of reducing it to lower terms. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?a1425
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