gravern.

Brit.

/ˈɡreɪvə/, U.S.

/ˈɡreɪvər/

Forms: Also Middle English gravowre.

Etymology: < grave v.¹ + -er suffix¹. Compare French graveur (14th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter).

†1. One who digs or digs up (turf). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > [noun] > digging > digger

delverc888

grubbera1400

diggerc1400

graver1483

spitter1648

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > workers with other materials > [noun] > with peat or turf

turverc1440

graver1483

turf-cutter1819

turf-boy1905

1483 Cath. Angl. 163/2 A Graver, cespitator, cultor, fossor.

1610 Assessment Wages Norf. in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1898) XIII. 524 A graver of Flaggs & Turfes vd.

2. One who carves or engraves.

†a. A sculptor.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > [noun] > sculptor or carver

imagerc1400

carverc1405

graver1430

cutter1572

scraper1591

insculptor1598

sculptor1634

sculptress1662

sculpturist1689

sculpturer1732

chiseller1883

1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1494) ii. xv. h j b Callicrates a grauer moost notable Of white yuor..His hande his iye so iuste were and so stable Of an ampte to graue out the lykenesse.

c1430 Freemasonry 504 Gravers and ymage-makers.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 208/2 Gravowre, sculptor.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) iv. f. 7^v Romulus..honoured greatly grauers in stone.

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. viii. 42 Sonnes of Antherme the most renowned carver and graver of Images.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 564 A cutter and grauer in marble.

1628 A. Cowley Piramus & Thisbe xxiv Just like a Marble Statue did he stand Cut by some skilful Graver's artful hand.

b. = engraver n. 1. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > incising or intaglio > [noun] > person

graver1398

graveressc1430

engraver1552

entailer1570

lithotomist1714

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvi. ix. (Tollem. Ms.) Grauers use þe peces þerof to signe and to þurle preciouse stones.

1483 Cath. Angl. 163/2 A Gravere (A. Graver of wode or metelle), celator, sculptor.

1564 W. Bullein Dialogue against Fever Pestilence f. 16 A liuely grauer of seales.

1623 B. Jonson in W. Shakespeare Comedies, Hist. & Trag. sig. A1^v Wherein the Grauer had a strife with Nature, to out-doo the life.

1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xiv. 401 He had lately imploy'd a Graver to prepare a Great Seal.

1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting I. iv. 98 Cellini being rather a sculptor than a graver.

1859 C. Barker Devel. Associative Princ. ii. 49 The piety..of our early gravers, enchasers, and designers.

3. A tool.

a. A cutting or shaving tool of any kind.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > [noun]

steelOE

edge-toola1375

graver1548

clipper1578

cutter1631

chipper1879

1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Scobina, an instrument that bowiers vse to shaue their bowes with called a grauer.

1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xiii. 225 The Tool, which is commonly a Graver.

1714 J. Gay Fan i. 8 Some wear the File, and Some the Graver guide.

1836 G. Head Home Tour 182 As the cylinder revolved, the graver, or cutting tool was fixed.

†b. A sculptor's chisel.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > [noun] > equipment

chisela1616

gravera1637

puncheon1662

veiner1819

gradine1860

macaroni1867

macaroni tool1867

pointing machine1871

punch1875

a1637 B. Jonson Timber 2535 in Wks. (1640) III What figure of a Body was Lysippus, ever able to forme with his Graver..?

c. An engraver's tool; a burin. (Now the principal use.)

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > [noun] > engraving tools

pouncer1552

graving tool1591

pounce1598

puncheon1659

burin1662

eschoppe1662

graver1662

needle1662

point1662

style1662

sculpter1680

scalper1688

small chisel1749

roulette1806

engraver1821

dry-point1837

scooper1837

stylet1853

tint-tool1869

diamond-point1874

spit-sticker1909

bull-sticker1933

1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura i. 9 The Burin (for so they [sc. the French] tearm the Instrument which we [call] the Graver).

1763 H. Walpole Catal. Engravers (1765) 83 George White afterwards made use of the graver for forming the black spot in eyes, and sharpening the light.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 38 With a graver, or some finely pointed steel instrument, draw a line upon the plate.

1889 J. Hirst in Archaeol. Inst. Jrnl. No. 181. 29 Thick feathers delicately finished with a graver.

d. ‘An instrument used for turning iron after it has been roughed out by the heel-tool’ (Ogilvie).

†e. ‘A Barber Chirurgeons Instrument for the taking Scales off from the Teeth’ (Phillips 1678).

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	graver
释义	gravern. Brit. /ˈɡreɪvə/, U.S. /ˈɡreɪvər/ Forms: Also Middle English gravowre. Etymology: < grave v.¹ + -er suffix¹. Compare French graveur (14th cent. in Hatzfeld & Darmesteter). †1. One who digs or digs up (turf). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > [noun] > digging > digger delverc888 grubbera1400 diggerc1400 graver1483 spitter1648 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > workers with other materials > [noun] > with peat or turf turverc1440 graver1483 turf-cutter1819 turf-boy1905 1483 Cath. Angl. 163/2 A Graver, cespitator, cultor, fossor. 1610 Assessment Wages Norf. in Eng. Hist. Rev. (1898) XIII. 524 A graver of Flaggs & Turfes vd. 2. One who carves or engraves. †a. A sculptor. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > [noun] > sculptor or carver imagerc1400 carverc1405 graver1430 cutter1572 scraper1591 insculptor1598 sculptor1634 sculptress1662 sculpturist1689 sculpturer1732 chiseller1883 1430–40 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1494) ii. xv. h j b Callicrates a grauer moost notable Of white yuor..His hande his iye so iuste were and so stable Of an ampte to graue out the lykenesse. c1430 Freemasonry 504 Gravers and ymage-makers. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 208/2 Gravowre, sculptor. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) iv. f. 7^v Romulus..honoured greatly grauers in stone. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. viii. 42 Sonnes of Antherme the most renowned carver and graver of Images. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 564 A cutter and grauer in marble. 1628 A. Cowley Piramus & Thisbe xxiv Just like a Marble Statue did he stand Cut by some skilful Graver's artful hand. b. = engraver n. 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > incising or intaglio > [noun] > person graver1398 graveressc1430 engraver1552 entailer1570 lithotomist1714 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvi. ix. (Tollem. Ms.) Grauers use þe peces þerof to signe and to þurle preciouse stones. 1483 Cath. Angl. 163/2 A Gravere (A. Graver of wode or metelle), celator, sculptor. 1564 W. Bullein Dialogue against Fever Pestilence f. 16 A liuely grauer of seales. 1623 B. Jonson in W. Shakespeare Comedies, Hist. & Trag. sig. A1^v Wherein the Grauer had a strife with Nature, to out-doo the life. 1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xiv. 401 He had lately imploy'd a Graver to prepare a Great Seal. 1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting I. iv. 98 Cellini being rather a sculptor than a graver. 1859 C. Barker Devel. Associative Princ. ii. 49 The piety..of our early gravers, enchasers, and designers. 3. A tool. a. A cutting or shaving tool of any kind. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > [noun] steelOE edge-toola1375 graver1548 clipper1578 cutter1631 chipper1879 1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Scobina, an instrument that bowiers vse to shaue their bowes with called a grauer. 1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. xiii. 225 The Tool, which is commonly a Graver. 1714 J. Gay Fan i. 8 Some wear the File, and Some the Graver guide. 1836 G. Head Home Tour 182 As the cylinder revolved, the graver, or cutting tool was fixed. †b. A sculptor's chisel. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > [noun] > equipment chisela1616 gravera1637 puncheon1662 veiner1819 gradine1860 macaroni1867 macaroni tool1867 pointing machine1871 punch1875 a1637 B. Jonson Timber 2535 in Wks. (1640) III What figure of a Body was Lysippus, ever able to forme with his Graver..? c. An engraver's tool; a burin. (Now the principal use.) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > engraving > [noun] > engraving tools pouncer1552 graving tool1591 pounce1598 puncheon1659 burin1662 eschoppe1662 graver1662 needle1662 point1662 style1662 sculpter1680 scalper1688 small chisel1749 roulette1806 engraver1821 dry-point1837 scooper1837 stylet1853 tint-tool1869 diamond-point1874 spit-sticker1909 bull-sticker1933 1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura i. 9 The Burin (for so they [sc. the French] tearm the Instrument which we [call] the Graver). 1763 H. Walpole Catal. Engravers (1765) 83 George White afterwards made use of the graver for forming the black spot in eyes, and sharpening the light. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 38 With a graver, or some finely pointed steel instrument, draw a line upon the plate. 1889 J. Hirst in Archaeol. Inst. Jrnl. No. 181. 29 Thick feathers delicately finished with a graver. d. ‘An instrument used for turning iron after it has been roughed out by the heel-tool’ (Ogilvie). †e. ‘A Barber Chirurgeons Instrument for the taking Scales off from the Teeth’ (Phillips 1678). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1398
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