grainingn.¹

/ˈɡreɪnɪŋ/

Etymology: < grain v.¹ + -ing suffix¹.

a. The action of grain v.¹ in various senses.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > decorating and painting > [noun] > painting > graining

graining1823

overgraining1873

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > surface and planographic printing > lithography > [noun] > preparation of plates

graining1951

1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 417 Graining is the imitating, by means of painting, various kinds of rare woods..and likewise various species of marble.

1837 N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades (1842) 409 [article Soap-boiling] This agitation indeed, is found so mainly conducive to the required graining, as the workmen call the required coagulation.

1882 tr. Thausing's Beer iv. 198 The graining of wort from wheat is difficult on account of the tenacious layer of grains.

1894 Harris Techn. Fire Insur. Comm. Graining, a tanning process, in which the skins are placed in an alkaline solution.

1951 R. Mayer Artist's Handbk. (new ed.) xii. 379 Graining. The grain is imparted to the stone by grinding its surface with flint, sand, or other abrasive.

1961 T. Landau Encycl. Librarianship (ed. 2) 154/1 Graining, preparation of the surface of metal lithographic plates by grinding them with a muller and sand or mechanically, by pebbles and abrasive.

b. quasi-concrete. The result of this action, esp. in house-painting. In quot. 1856 = grain n.¹ 14b.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > [noun] > wooden structures or wooden parts of > grain produced in painting woodwork

graining1834

brush-grain1901

1834 T. Wentworth West India Sketch Bk. II. 3 No graining, and painting, and lettering, to engage the attention of the passer by.

1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics (1860) I. vi. viii. 269 I remember the very graining of the wood of his lance.

1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 5 Oct. 2/2 To whom the lie of the strata in a quarry-cliff says no more than the combed graining on a deal door.

1896 R. Kipling Seven Seas 73 Bone-bleached my decks, wind-scoured to the graining.

2. Coining. †(a) A ring of grain-like protuberances on the face of a coin close to its edge (= French grènetis). Obsolete. (b) A ring of fine concave grooves round the edge of a coin; = milling n.²

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > obverse or reverse of coin > device stamped on > specific

crossc1330

crouch1393

about-writingc1449

half-facea1549

legend1611

mill-rind1642

graining1664

adminicles1728

tressure1745

short-cross1870

long cross1904

1664 J. Evelyn tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. Ep. Ded. sig. A3 Its just and equal roundness, the Grenetis or graining which is about it [etc.].

1691 J. Locke Money in Wks. (1727) II. 96 The Engines which..mark the Edges..with a Graining, are wrought secretly.

1726 S. M. Leake Nummi Britannici Historia 109 Those [coins] with the Graining or Letters upon the Edge.

1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 171 Marking of Money round the Edges, with Letters or Grainings.

1887 Royal Proclam. in Standard 18 May 3/2 Every Sixpence should have the same..impression..with a graining upon the edge.

Compounds

graining block, graining board, graining gouge, graining machine, graining roller, graining tool; graining comb n. a tool resembling a comb, used by house-painters for graining.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > milled or inscribed edge

milling1639

graining block1688

tranché1697

engrailment1856

reeding1872

society > occupation and work > equipment > decorating equipment > [noun] > comb for graining

comb1867

graining comb1875

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 352/1 A Graining Board..is a Board with Nicks in after the manner of a Saw, if you look sideways at it, but turn it up and you will perceive the Nicks, Teeth or Riggets (call them which you will) run quite a-thwart the Board.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Graining-board, a Board made with Nicks, or Teeth like a Saw, and us'd by Curriers in graining their Leather.

1846 R. B. Sage Scenes Rocky Mts. xxxiii. 288 Near this is his ‘graining block’, planted aslope, for the ease of his operative in preparing his skins for the finishing process in the art of dressing.

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Graining machine (Leather manufacture), a machine having rollers with raised, parallel, straight, or diagonal threads, which indent the goat or sheep skins and confer the wrinkled appearance to morocco leather.

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Graining-tool [=graining comb].

1875 T. Seaton Man. Fret Cutting 141 The details of the hair and curls must now be worked out with fine hollow gouges and graining gouges.

1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic §1603 The leather and metal graining combs with which graining in imitation of any kind of wood is done. Graining rollers are made for imitating various kinds of wood.

1959 R. Hostettler et al. Techn. Terms Printing Industry (ed. 3) 114/1 Graining machine for offset plates.

1960 G. A. Glaister Gloss. Bk. 158/2 Graining boards, boards or metal plates used by the binder to produce a diced effect on covers. The boards have a pattern in relief of parallel lines running diagonally.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	graining
释义	grainingn.¹ /ˈɡreɪnɪŋ/ Etymology: < grain v.¹ + -ing suffix¹. 1. a. The action of grain v.¹ in various senses. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > decorating and painting > [noun] > painting > graining graining1823 overgraining1873 society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > printmaking > surface and planographic printing > lithography > [noun] > preparation of plates graining1951 1823 P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 417 Graining is the imitating, by means of painting, various kinds of rare woods..and likewise various species of marble. 1837 N. Whittock et al. Compl. Bk. Trades (1842) 409 [article Soap-boiling] This agitation indeed, is found so mainly conducive to the required graining, as the workmen call the required coagulation. 1882 tr. Thausing's Beer iv. 198 The graining of wort from wheat is difficult on account of the tenacious layer of grains. 1894 Harris Techn. Fire Insur. Comm. Graining, a tanning process, in which the skins are placed in an alkaline solution. 1951 R. Mayer Artist's Handbk. (new ed.) xii. 379 Graining. The grain is imparted to the stone by grinding its surface with flint, sand, or other abrasive. 1961 T. Landau Encycl. Librarianship (ed. 2) 154/1 Graining, preparation of the surface of metal lithographic plates by grinding them with a muller and sand or mechanically, by pebbles and abrasive. b. quasi-concrete. The result of this action, esp. in house-painting. In quot. 1856 = grain n.¹ 14b. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > [noun] > wooden structures or wooden parts of > grain produced in painting woodwork graining1834 brush-grain1901 1834 T. Wentworth West India Sketch Bk. II. 3 No graining, and painting, and lettering, to engage the attention of the passer by. 1856 R. A. Vaughan Hours with Mystics (1860) I. vi. viii. 269 I remember the very graining of the wood of his lance. 1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 5 Oct. 2/2 To whom the lie of the strata in a quarry-cliff says no more than the combed graining on a deal door. 1896 R. Kipling Seven Seas 73 Bone-bleached my decks, wind-scoured to the graining. 2. Coining. †(a) A ring of grain-like protuberances on the face of a coin close to its edge (= French grènetis). Obsolete. (b) A ring of fine concave grooves round the edge of a coin; = milling n.² ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > obverse or reverse of coin > device stamped on > specific crossc1330 crouch1393 about-writingc1449 half-facea1549 legend1611 mill-rind1642 graining1664 adminicles1728 tressure1745 short-cross1870 long cross1904 1664 J. Evelyn tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. Ep. Ded. sig. A3 Its just and equal roundness, the Grenetis or graining which is about it [etc.]. 1691 J. Locke Money in Wks. (1727) II. 96 The Engines which..mark the Edges..with a Graining, are wrought secretly. 1726 S. M. Leake Nummi Britannici Historia 109 Those [coins] with the Graining or Letters upon the Edge. 1752 J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 171 Marking of Money round the Edges, with Letters or Grainings. 1887 Royal Proclam. in Standard 18 May 3/2 Every Sixpence should have the same..impression..with a graining upon the edge. Compounds graining block, graining board, graining gouge, graining machine, graining roller, graining tool; graining comb n. a tool resembling a comb, used by house-painters for graining. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > milled or inscribed edge milling1639 graining block1688 tranché1697 engrailment1856 reeding1872 society > occupation and work > equipment > decorating equipment > [noun] > comb for graining comb1867 graining comb1875 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 352/1 A Graining Board..is a Board with Nicks in after the manner of a Saw, if you look sideways at it, but turn it up and you will perceive the Nicks, Teeth or Riggets (call them which you will) run quite a-thwart the Board. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Graining-board, a Board made with Nicks, or Teeth like a Saw, and us'd by Curriers in graining their Leather. 1846 R. B. Sage Scenes Rocky Mts. xxxiii. 288 Near this is his ‘graining block’, planted aslope, for the ease of his operative in preparing his skins for the finishing process in the art of dressing. 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Graining machine (Leather manufacture), a machine having rollers with raised, parallel, straight, or diagonal threads, which indent the goat or sheep skins and confer the wrinkled appearance to morocco leather. 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Graining-tool [=graining comb]. 1875 T. Seaton Man. Fret Cutting 141 The details of the hair and curls must now be worked out with fine hollow gouges and graining gouges. 1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic §1603 The leather and metal graining combs with which graining in imitation of any kind of wood is done. Graining rollers are made for imitating various kinds of wood. 1959 R. Hostettler et al. Techn. Terms Printing Industry (ed. 3) 114/1 Graining machine for offset plates. 1960 G. A. Glaister Gloss. Bk. 158/2 Graining boards, boards or metal plates used by the binder to produce a diced effect on covers. The boards have a pattern in relief of parallel lines running diagonally. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021). grainingn.² /ˈɡreɪnɪŋ/ Etymology: Of unknown origin. A small freshwater fish, Leuciscus Lancastrensis. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > superorder Ostariophysi or order Cypriniformes > [noun] > suborder Cyprinoidei > family Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) > genus Leuciscus > leuciscus lancastrensis (graining) graining1772 1772 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. (1774) 11 In this river [Mersey]..is found a fish called the Graining..in some respects resembling the dace, yet is a distinct and perhaps new species. 1863 H. C. Pennell Angler-naturalist 158 The Graining is a very rare and local fish, in habits and food some~what resembling the trout. 1875 ‘Stonehenge’ Man. Brit. Rural Sports (ed. 12) i. v. i. 306 The Graining is scarcely found anywhere but in the Mersey and its tributaries. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online September 2020). grainingn.³ /ˈɡreɪnɪŋ/ Etymology: < grain v.² or grain n.² + -ing suffix¹. 1. a. The point of forking or bifurcation. ΚΠ 1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (at cited word) If you cut the cherry-tree top off above the grainings, it will be sure to grow. 1886 R. E. G. Cole Gloss. Words S.-W. Lincs. Grainings, the forks, or joinings of the large boughs of a tree. b. One of the prongs or tines of a fork. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > digging or lifting tools > [noun] > fork > prong of fork grain1486 forket1583 graininga1642 fork1677 prong1697 spear1742 spean1777 a1642 H. Best Farming & Memorandum Bks. (1984) 53 Betwixt the two graininges of the rake shafte they tye a stringe. 2. The method or practice of taking fish with a pronged spear (see grain n.² 5b). ΚΠ 1889 in Cent. Dict. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2018). < n.¹1664n.²1772n.³a1642
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grainingn.1

Compounds

grainingn.2

grainingn.3

grainingn.¹

grainingn.²

grainingn.³