grailn.¹

Brit.

/ɡreɪl/, U.S.

/ɡreɪl/

Forms: Middle English graiel, graell, Middle English grayel, Middle English–1800s grayle, Middle English–1500s grale, grayll(e, Middle English–1800s graile, 1500s graial, greyle, 1500s– grail.

Etymology: < Old French grael < ecclesiastical Latin gradāle , variant graduāle . gradual n.

1. = gradual n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > parts of service > gradual > [noun]

grailc1380

gradual1563

gradalea1746

c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 202 Þei neden to have..exponitouris on þe gospellis and pistelis, more þan Graielis and oþere bokis of song.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) ix. xxviii. 364 In Ester weke the Grayle is songe wyth Alleluya.

a1400 Metr. Hom. (Harl.) 514 in Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 188 By ierom and ambrose ordained es To sing þe graell [v.r. grayel] at þe mes.

1493 Festivall (1515) 33 The greyle is not sayd for those y^t ben newe crystened.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xvi. 191 Lefe pystyls and grales; Mes, matyns, noght avalys—All these I defende.

a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. B.iii^v The Pecocke so prowde Bycause his voyce is lowde..He shall syng the Grayle.

c1560 T. Becon Relikes of Rome sig. F.ii Pope Gelasius brought in the grail, of whom we spake afore.

1893 J. Christie Acc. Parish Clerks 15 Ability to read the Epistles and Lessons, to sing Responsals, Grails, and other parts of the Service.

2. = gradual n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > book (general) > music books > [noun] > antiphonary > containing graduals

grailc1440

gradual1620

society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > [noun] > music book > church music > antiphonary > book of graduals

grailc1440

gradual1620

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 207/1 Grayle, boke..gradale.

1459 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 227 The best Mes boke..the lesse Antiphoner of iiij, a Graile, a Manuell.

1504 in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 105 A manuell, a legend, 2 solomes and grayles.

1549–50 Act 3 & 4 Edw. VI, c. 10 (1553) 13 b All bookes called Antiphoners, Missales, Grailes, Processionalles [etc.].

1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 1146/1 One of the gard lift vp to him into the pulpit a masse booke and a graile.

1774 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry I. Diss. ii. sig. b^v Among the books they found there, were one hundred psalters, as many grayles, and forty missals.

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. ix. 213 There's third and fourth Edward VI., of antiphoners, missals, grailes, processionals, manuals, [etc.].

1849 D. Rock Church our Fathers II. vi. 202 Upon the outstretched wings of the large brazen eagle lay open the Grail.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

grailn.²

Brit.

/ɡreɪl/, U.S.

/ɡreɪl/

Forms: Also Middle English, 1800s greal, Middle English, 1600s, 1800s graal, 1500s graile.

Etymology: < Old French graal, grael, greel, greil = Provençal grasal, grazal whence Old Catalan gresal-s) < medieval Latin gradālis a cup or platter, of uncertain origin; commonly referred to a popular Latin type *crātālis, < *crātus altered form of Latin crāter cup.

1. the (Holy) Grail, the Saint Grail or sangrail n.: (in medieval legend) the platter used by Jesus at the Last Supper, in which Joseph of Arimathea received his blood at the cross. The fortunes of ‘the Holy Grail’ (Old French le saint graal, whence Malory has the corrupt form sancgreal: see sangrail n.), and the adventures undergone in the search for it by various knights of Arthur's Round Table, form an important part of the matter of medieval romance. According to one story, it was brought by Joseph of Arimathea to Glastonbury (see the 14th cent. Joseph Arim., where it is called ‘þe dische wiþ þe blode’). Sometimes the Grail or Sangreal has been erroneously supposed to be the cup or chalice used at the Last Supper.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > grail > [noun]

the Grailc1330

sangraila1450

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > legend or folk tale > [noun] > types of legend or folk tale > legends or folk tales of specific cultures

the Grailc1330

sangrail1470

saga1709

Mahabharata1768

nancy storya1818

Anansi tale1856

Anansi story1873

immram1895

c1330 Arth. & Merl. (Kölbing) 2222 Til he wer born þat schuld do al Fulfille þe meruails of þe greal.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin iii. 59 The peple that were ther-at cleped this vessell that thei hadden in so grete grace, the Graal.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. x. sig. Y3^v Ioseph of Arimathy..Brought with him the holy grayle, (they say).

1685 E. Stillingfleet Origines Britannicæ i. 13 And for all that I can see, the holy Graal deserves as much credit as the Book taken out of Pilat's Palace.

1833 H. W. Longfellow Drift-wood in Prose Wks. (1886) I. 301 The former, indeed, founded upon the marvels of the Saint Graal, contain nothing but strange and miraculous adventures.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Sir Galahad iv, in Poems (new ed.) II. 176 Three angels bear the holy Grail.

figurative.1876 S. Lanier Psalm of West 505 Godly Hearts that, Grails of gold, Still the blood of Faith do hold.1894 W. T. Stead If Christ came to Chicago 110 The quest of the almighty dollar is their Holy Grail.

2. Perhaps: misused (for rhyme) in the sense of ‘cup’.In recent dictionaries this passage is given as authenticating a sense ‘foam’ for grail n.³

ΚΠ

1653 Exaletation of Ale vii, in F. Beaumont Poems M 3 b To see how it flowers and mantles in grayle.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

grailn.³

Brit.

/ɡreɪl/, U.S.

/ɡreɪl/

Forms: Also 1500s graile, grayle.

Etymology: Of unknown origin, perhaps a contraction of gravel n.

poetic.

Gravel.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > stony material > [noun] > gravel or shingle > gravel

gravel?a1366

glair1481

preble1541

rab1581

grail1590

channel1592

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vii. sig. F7 This gentle knight..Lying downe vpon the sandie graile, Dronke of the streame.

1591 E. Spenser tr. J. du Bellay Visions in Complaints 157 The golden grayle that bright Pactolus washeth.

1647 H. More Philos. Poems iii. i. xxii Like torch that droppeth down..Lies now in darknesse on the grail, or stone.

1840 R. Browning Sordello vi. 447 The silver globules and gold-sparkling grail At bottom.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

grailn.⁴

Brit.

/ɡreɪl/, U.S.

/ɡreɪl/

Forms: Also 1800s graille.

Etymology: < French grêle of the same meaning, < grêler to make slender, spec. taper and smooth (the teeth of a comb), < grêle slender.

A comb-maker's file.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > file > [noun] > other files

jack file1678

knife-file1683

pillar file1683

using-file1683

carlet1688

grail1688

screw-rasp1688

riffler1797

quannet1809

safe edge1815

cross-cut1831

saw-file1846

shouldering file1846

warding file1846

found1874

side file1874

cant-filea1877

pin bone1936

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 383/2 A Comb-makers Grail..is a long, flat, and broad Tool on the Back, and the other side wrought into Teeth like a Saw.

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Graille, a single-cut file, or float, having one curved face and a straight one, used by comb-makers.

Derivatives

ˈgrailing n. the process of finishing the teeth of a comb with the grail.

ΚΠ

1878 Encycl. Brit. VI. 178/2 They [combs] then pass to the ‘grailing’ department, where, by means of special forms of files or rasps, known as grails and topers, the individual teeth are rounded or bevelled, tapered, and smoothed.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† grailn.⁵

Etymology: Compare Old French gravele a fish, also grayling n. and graveling n.

Obsolete. rare.

Some kind of fish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun]

whalec950

tumbrelc1300

sprout1340

squame1393

codmop1466

whitefish1482

lineshark?a1500

salen1508

glaucus1509

bretcock1522

warcodling1525

razor1530

bassinatc1540

goldeney1542

smy1552

maiden1555

grail1587

whiting1587

needle1589

pintle-fish1591

goldfish1598

puffin fish1598

quap1598

stork1600

black-tail1601

ellops1601

fork-fish1601

sea-grape1601

sea-lizard1601

sea-raven1601

barne1602

plosher1602

whale-mouse1607

bowman1610

catfish1620

hog1620

kettle-fish1630

sharpa1636

carda1641

housewifea1641

roucotea1641

ox-fisha1642

sea-serpent1646

croaker1651

alderling1655

butkin1655

shamefish1655

yard1655

sea-dart1664

sea-pelican1664

Negro1666

sea-parrot1666

sea-blewling1668

sea-stickling1668

skull-fish1668

whale's guide1668

sennet1671

barracuda1678

skate-bread1681

tuck-fish1681

swallowtail1683

piaba1686

pit-fish1686

sand-creeper1686

horned hog1702

soldier1704

sea-crowa1717

bran1720

grunter1726

calcops1727

bennet1731

bonefish1734

Negro fish1735

isinglass-fish1740

orb1740

gollin1747

smelt1776

night-walker1777

water monarch1785

hardhead1792

macaw-fish1792

yellowback1796

sea-raven1797

blueback1812

stumpnose1831

flat1847

butterfish1849

croppie1856

gubbahawn1857

silt1863

silt-snapper1863

mullet-head1866

sailor1883

hogback1893

skipper1898

stocker1904

1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) iii. iii. 224/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Besides the salmons..we haue the trout, barbell, graile, powt, cheuin, pike [etc.].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

grailn.⁶

Error for brail n.¹ 3.In some later dictionaries.

ΚΠ

1486 Bk. St. Albans a viij b The same federis ye shall call the brayles or the brayle federis.]

1671 S. Skinner & T. Henshaw Etymologicon Onomasticon in Etymologicon Linguæ Anglicanæ Grayle feders, or Graylles, vox quæ apud solam Jul. Barns occurrit lib. de re Falconaria [i.e. quot. 1486], à Fr. G. Gresle, Gracilis.

1847 in J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words [citing Blome; but not found there].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

n.¹c1380

n.²c1330

n.³1590

n.⁴1688

n.⁵1587

n.⁶1671

单词	grail
释义	grailn.¹ Brit. /ɡreɪl/, U.S. /ɡreɪl/ Forms: Middle English graiel, graell, Middle English grayel, Middle English–1800s grayle, Middle English–1500s grale, grayll(e, Middle English–1800s graile, 1500s graial, greyle, 1500s– grail. Etymology: < Old French grael < ecclesiastical Latin gradāle , variant graduāle . gradual n. 1. = gradual n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > parts of service > gradual > [noun] grailc1380 gradual1563 gradalea1746 c1380 J. Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 202 Þei neden to have..exponitouris on þe gospellis and pistelis, more þan Graielis and oþere bokis of song. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) ix. xxviii. 364 In Ester weke the Grayle is songe wyth Alleluya. a1400 Metr. Hom. (Harl.) 514 in Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 188 By ierom and ambrose ordained es To sing þe graell [v.r. grayel] at þe mes. 1493 Festivall (1515) 33 The greyle is not sayd for those y^t ben newe crystened. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xvi. 191 Lefe pystyls and grales; Mes, matyns, noght avalys—All these I defende. a1529 J. Skelton Phyllyp Sparowe (?1545) sig. B.iii^v The Pecocke so prowde Bycause his voyce is lowde..He shall syng the Grayle. c1560 T. Becon Relikes of Rome sig. F.ii Pope Gelasius brought in the grail, of whom we spake afore. 1893 J. Christie Acc. Parish Clerks 15 Ability to read the Epistles and Lessons, to sing Responsals, Grails, and other parts of the Service. 2. = gradual n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > book (general) > music books > [noun] > antiphonary > containing graduals grailc1440 gradual1620 society > leisure > the arts > music > written or printed music > [noun] > music book > church music > antiphonary > book of graduals grailc1440 gradual1620 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 207/1 Grayle, boke..gradale. 1459 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 227 The best Mes boke..the lesse Antiphoner of iiij, a Graile, a Manuell. 1504 in J. Nichols Illustr. Antient Times Eng. (1797) 105 A manuell, a legend, 2 solomes and grayles. 1549–50 Act 3 & 4 Edw. VI, c. 10 (1553) 13 b All bookes called Antiphoners, Missales, Grailes, Processionalles [etc.]. 1587 A. Fleming et al. Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) III. 1146/1 One of the gard lift vp to him into the pulpit a masse booke and a graile. 1774 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry I. Diss. ii. sig. b^v Among the books they found there, were one hundred psalters, as many grayles, and forty missals. 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. ix. 213 There's third and fourth Edward VI., of antiphoners, missals, grailes, processionals, manuals, [etc.]. 1849 D. Rock Church our Fathers II. vi. 202 Upon the outstretched wings of the large brazen eagle lay open the Grail. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). grailn.² Brit. /ɡreɪl/, U.S. /ɡreɪl/ Forms: Also Middle English, 1800s greal, Middle English, 1600s, 1800s graal, 1500s graile. Etymology: < Old French graal, grael, greel, greil = Provençal grasal, grazal whence Old Catalan gresal-s) < medieval Latin gradālis a cup or platter, of uncertain origin; commonly referred to a popular Latin type crātālis, < crātus altered form of Latin crāter cup. 1. the (Holy) Grail, the Saint Grail or sangrail n.: (in medieval legend) the platter used by Jesus at the Last Supper, in which Joseph of Arimathea received his blood at the cross. The fortunes of ‘the Holy Grail’ (Old French le saint graal, whence Malory has the corrupt form sancgreal: see sangrail n.), and the adventures undergone in the search for it by various knights of Arthur's Round Table, form an important part of the matter of medieval romance. According to one story, it was brought by Joseph of Arimathea to Glastonbury (see the 14th cent. Joseph Arim., where it is called ‘þe dische wiþ þe blode’). Sometimes the Grail or Sangreal has been erroneously supposed to be the cup or chalice used at the Last Supper. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > vessel (general) > grail > [noun] the Grailc1330 sangraila1450 society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > narrative or story > legend or folk tale > [noun] > types of legend or folk tale > legends or folk tales of specific cultures the Grailc1330 sangrail1470 saga1709 Mahabharata1768 nancy storya1818 Anansi tale1856 Anansi story1873 immram1895 c1330 Arth. & Merl. (Kölbing) 2222 Til he wer born þat schuld do al Fulfille þe meruails of þe greal. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin iii. 59 The peple that were ther-at cleped this vessell that thei hadden in so grete grace, the Graal. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. x. sig. Y3^v Ioseph of Arimathy..Brought with him the holy grayle, (they say). 1685 E. Stillingfleet Origines Britannicæ i. 13 And for all that I can see, the holy Graal deserves as much credit as the Book taken out of Pilat's Palace. 1833 H. W. Longfellow Drift-wood in Prose Wks. (1886) I. 301 The former, indeed, founded upon the marvels of the Saint Graal, contain nothing but strange and miraculous adventures. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Sir Galahad iv, in Poems (new ed.) II. 176 Three angels bear the holy Grail. figurative.1876 S. Lanier Psalm of West 505 Godly Hearts that, Grails of gold, Still the blood of Faith do hold.1894 W. T. Stead If Christ came to Chicago 110 The quest of the almighty dollar is their Holy Grail. 2. Perhaps: misused (for rhyme) in the sense of ‘cup’.In recent dictionaries this passage is given as authenticating a sense ‘foam’ for grail n.³ ΚΠ 1653 Exaletation of Ale vii, in F. Beaumont Poems M 3 b To see how it flowers and mantles in grayle. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). grailn.³ Brit. /ɡreɪl/, U.S. /ɡreɪl/ Forms: Also 1500s graile, grayle. Etymology: Of unknown origin, perhaps a contraction of gravel n. poetic. Gravel. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > stone > stony material > [noun] > gravel or shingle > gravel gravel?a1366 glair1481 preble1541 rab1581 grail1590 channel1592 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vii. sig. F7 This gentle knight..Lying downe vpon the sandie graile, Dronke of the streame. 1591 E. Spenser tr. J. du Bellay Visions in Complaints 157 The golden grayle that bright Pactolus washeth. 1647 H. More Philos. Poems iii. i. xxii Like torch that droppeth down..Lies now in darknesse on the grail, or stone. 1840 R. Browning Sordello vi. 447 The silver globules and gold-sparkling grail At bottom. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). grailn.⁴ Brit. /ɡreɪl/, U.S. /ɡreɪl/ Forms: Also 1800s graille. Etymology: < French grêle of the same meaning, < grêler to make slender, spec. taper and smooth (the teeth of a comb), < grêle slender. A comb-maker's file. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > file > [noun] > other files jack file1678 knife-file1683 pillar file1683 using-file1683 carlet1688 grail1688 screw-rasp1688 riffler1797 quannet1809 safe edge1815 cross-cut1831 saw-file1846 shouldering file1846 warding file1846 found1874 side file1874 cant-filea1877 pin bone1936 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 383/2 A Comb-makers Grail..is a long, flat, and broad Tool on the Back, and the other side wrought into Teeth like a Saw. 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Graille, a single-cut file, or float, having one curved face and a straight one, used by comb-makers. Derivatives ˈgrailing n. the process of finishing the teeth of a comb with the grail. ΚΠ 1878 Encycl. Brit. VI. 178/2 They [combs] then pass to the ‘grailing’ department, where, by means of special forms of files or rasps, known as grails and topers, the individual teeth are rounded or bevelled, tapered, and smoothed. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † grailn.⁵ Etymology: Compare Old French gravele a fish, also grayling n. and graveling n. Obsolete. rare. Some kind of fish. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun] whalec950 tumbrelc1300 sprout1340 squame1393 codmop1466 whitefish1482 lineshark?a1500 salen1508 glaucus1509 bretcock1522 warcodling1525 razor1530 bassinatc1540 goldeney1542 smy1552 maiden1555 grail1587 whiting1587 needle1589 pintle-fish1591 goldfish1598 puffin fish1598 quap1598 stork1600 black-tail1601 ellops1601 fork-fish1601 sea-grape1601 sea-lizard1601 sea-raven1601 barne1602 plosher1602 whale-mouse1607 bowman1610 catfish1620 hog1620 kettle-fish1630 sharpa1636 carda1641 housewifea1641 roucotea1641 ox-fisha1642 sea-serpent1646 croaker1651 alderling1655 butkin1655 shamefish1655 yard1655 sea-dart1664 sea-pelican1664 Negro1666 sea-parrot1666 sea-blewling1668 sea-stickling1668 skull-fish1668 whale's guide1668 sennet1671 barracuda1678 skate-bread1681 tuck-fish1681 swallowtail1683 piaba1686 pit-fish1686 sand-creeper1686 horned hog1702 soldier1704 sea-crowa1717 bran1720 grunter1726 calcops1727 bennet1731 bonefish1734 Negro fish1735 isinglass-fish1740 orb1740 gollin1747 smelt1776 night-walker1777 water monarch1785 hardhead1792 macaw-fish1792 yellowback1796 sea-raven1797 blueback1812 stumpnose1831 flat1847 butterfish1849 croppie1856 gubbahawn1857 silt1863 silt-snapper1863 mullet-head1866 sailor1883 hogback1893 skipper1898 stocker1904 1587 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Iland Brit. (new ed.) iii. iii. 224/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) I Besides the salmons..we haue the trout, barbell, graile, powt, cheuin, pike [etc.]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021). grailn.⁶ Error for brail n.¹ 3.In some later dictionaries. ΚΠ 1486 Bk. St. Albans a viij b The same federis ye shall call the brayles or the brayle federis.] 1671 S. Skinner & T. Henshaw Etymologicon Onomasticon in Etymologicon Linguæ Anglicanæ Grayle feders, or Graylles, vox quæ apud solam Jul. Barns occurrit lib. de re Falconaria [i.e. quot. 1486], à Fr. G. Gresle, Gracilis. 1847 in J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words [citing Blome; but not found there]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.¹c1380n.²c1330n.³1590n.⁴1688n.⁵1587n.⁶1671
随便看	dikdik dikdiks dike dike cam dike-back dike-bottom dike-delver dike-grave dike-hopper dike-louper dike-phase dike-reeve dike-road dike-rock dike-row dike-seam dike-side dike-swarm dike-warden dikeback dikebottom diked dikedelver dikegrave dikehopper

grailn.1

grailn.2

grailn.3

grailn.4

Derivatives

† grailn.5

grailn.6

grailn.¹

grailn.²

grailn.³

grailn.⁴

† grailn.⁵

grailn.⁶