gratern.¹

Brit.

/ˈɡreɪtə/, U.S.

/ˈɡreɪdər/

Forms: Also Middle English -our, Middle English -ere.

Etymology: < Old French grateor, gratour (13th cent. in Godefroy, of a person), < grater to grate v.¹In sense 1 possibly (in spite of the form) < Old French *gratoir (modern French grattoir, first in Cotgrave 1611) or *gratoire (found only in 16th cent.).

1. An instrument with a rough indented surface used for grating or rasping; esp. a kitchen utensil, having a rasping surface formed by punching holes which raise protuberances, and used for grating ginger, nutmegs, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > grater

myour1316

grater1390

grate14..

bread grate1452

ginger grate1530

nutmeg-grater1623

bread grater1624

cheese grater1848

1390–1 Earl Derby's Exped. (Camden) 24 Pro j gratour.

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. viii. 185 People..muche like vnto dogges, with mouthes roughe like a grater.

1577 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Three Bookes iii. f. 103 Thei..Grate it in certaine Graters, whiche are made of Nedles.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 5 The Common Fly: her eyes are most neatly dimpled with innumerable little cavities like a small grater or thimble.

1737 Compl. Family-piece (ed. 2) i. ii. 154 Take raw Carrots and scrape them clean, grate them with a Grater.

1824 R. Southey Bk. of Church (1841) 183 They bound chains round the body, which eat into the flesh; or fastened graters upon the breast and back.

1872 C. W. Heaton Exper. Chem. iv. iii. 311 Rasp some potatoes on a grater.

1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Grater (Book~binding), an iron instrument used by the forwarder in rubbing the backs of sewed books after pasting.

†2.

a. A scraper. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > other specific types of equipment > [noun] > scraper

scrapple1354

grate14..

scraper1552

grater1580

slick1883

duck-bill1911

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Vn racloir, a grater, a scraper.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 315/2 A Dough scrape, or a Grater..with this they scrape and cleanse the sides and bottom of the Kneading Trough from the Dough that sticks to it.

b. Heraldry. A glazier's tool figured in the arms of the Glaziers' Company.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > representations of implements > [noun] > glazier's grater

grater1780

1780 J. Edmondson Compl. Body Heraldry II. (Gloss.) Grater, an instrument used by Glaziers.

1847 H. Gough Gloss. Terms Brit. Heraldry Grater or Glaziers' Nippers, called also Grazier, or Grosing-iron.

†3. One who or that which grates; chiefly figurative said of a person (or thing) that performs some harassing, exhausting, or ‘wearing’ process. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > [noun] > one who or that which harasses

pursuera1382

running sore1453

pesta1522

gall1537

grater1549

plaguer1598

afflicter1600

inflicter1605

a thorn in the flesh or side1611

incubus1648

cumber1669

harasser1707

scunner1796

tin kettle1796

pester1810

pesterer1824

baitera1845

pestilence1886

nudnik1916

14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 610/3 Scarifactor et Scarifactrix, a gratere.

1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Tij I requyre you not to be overscrupulous graters of the bare woords.

1566 R. Ascham Let. 14 Apr. in Nugæ Antiquæ (1769) I. 145 Those that be the great graters for gayne and profitt.

1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxvii. 144 Repulse in great hope is a perillous grater.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Racleur, a scraper, a rasper, a grater.

1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. iii. sig. B7^v He is no base grater of his Tythes, and will not wrangle for the odde Egge.

4. U.S. (See quot. 1878.)

ΚΠ

1878 H. B. Stowe Poganuc People xix. 217 ‘You can find some of them sweet-flag “graters” if you want.’ This was the blossom-bud of the sweet flag, which when young and tender was reckoned a delicacy among omnivorous children.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	grater
释义	gratern.¹ Brit. /ˈɡreɪtə/, U.S. /ˈɡreɪdər/ Forms: Also Middle English -our, Middle English -ere. Etymology: < Old French grateor, gratour (13th cent. in Godefroy, of a person), < grater to grate v.¹In sense 1 possibly (in spite of the form) < Old French gratoir (modern French grattoir, first in Cotgrave 1611) or gratoire (found only in 16th cent.). 1. An instrument with a rough indented surface used for grating or rasping; esp. a kitchen utensil, having a rasping surface formed by punching holes which raise protuberances, and used for grating ginger, nutmegs, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > grater myour1316 grater1390 grate14.. bread grate1452 ginger grate1530 nutmeg-grater1623 bread grater1624 cheese grater1848 1390–1 Earl Derby's Exped. (Camden) 24 Pro j gratour. 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. viii. 185 People..muche like vnto dogges, with mouthes roughe like a grater. 1577 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Three Bookes iii. f. 103 Thei..Grate it in certaine Graters, whiche are made of Nedles. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 5 The Common Fly: her eyes are most neatly dimpled with innumerable little cavities like a small grater or thimble. 1737 Compl. Family-piece (ed. 2) i. ii. 154 Take raw Carrots and scrape them clean, grate them with a Grater. 1824 R. Southey Bk. of Church (1841) 183 They bound chains round the body, which eat into the flesh; or fastened graters upon the breast and back. 1872 C. W. Heaton Exper. Chem. iv. iii. 311 Rasp some potatoes on a grater. 1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Grater (Book~binding), an iron instrument used by the forwarder in rubbing the backs of sewed books after pasting. †2. a. A scraper. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > other specific types of equipment > [noun] > scraper scrapple1354 grate14.. scraper1552 grater1580 slick1883 duck-bill1911 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Vn racloir, a grater, a scraper. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 315/2 A Dough scrape, or a Grater..with this they scrape and cleanse the sides and bottom of the Kneading Trough from the Dough that sticks to it. b. Heraldry. A glazier's tool figured in the arms of the Glaziers' Company. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > representations of implements > [noun] > glazier's grater grater1780 1780 J. Edmondson Compl. Body Heraldry II. (Gloss.) Grater, an instrument used by Glaziers. 1847 H. Gough Gloss. Terms Brit. Heraldry Grater or Glaziers' Nippers, called also Grazier, or Grosing-iron. †3. One who or that which grates; chiefly figurative said of a person (or thing) that performs some harassing, exhausting, or ‘wearing’ process. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being harassed > [noun] > one who or that which harasses pursuera1382 running sore1453 pesta1522 gall1537 grater1549 plaguer1598 afflicter1600 inflicter1605 a thorn in the flesh or side1611 incubus1648 cumber1669 harasser1707 scunner1796 tin kettle1796 pester1810 pesterer1824 baitera1845 pestilence1886 nudnik1916 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 610/3 Scarifactor et Scarifactrix, a gratere. 1549 T. Chaloner tr. Erasmus Praise of Folie sig. Tij I requyre you not to be overscrupulous graters of the bare woords. 1566 R. Ascham Let. 14 Apr. in Nugæ Antiquæ (1769) I. 145 Those that be the great graters for gayne and profitt. 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxxvii. 144 Repulse in great hope is a perillous grater. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Racleur, a scraper, a rasper, a grater. 1628 J. Earle Micro-cosmogr. iii. sig. B7^v He is no base grater of his Tythes, and will not wrangle for the odde Egge. 4. U.S. (See quot. 1878.) ΚΠ 1878 H. B. Stowe Poganuc People xix. 217 ‘You can find some of them sweet-flag “graters” if you want.’ This was the blossom-bud of the sweet flag, which when young and tender was reckoned a delicacy among omnivorous children. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † gratern.² Etymology: Perhaps an extension of grate n.¹, or possibly merely an error. Obsolete. Apparently a kind of wooden grating or hurdle. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > hurdle hurdlec725 flakec1330 grater1598 wattle1640 bara1642 tray1829 slat1883 flake-hurdle1890 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes To make grater-wise, to make like a hurdle, to hurdle. ?1623 J. Taylor Wks. (1630) iii. 103/2 Washing boules, and beetles went to wracke, old graters and stooles were turn'd to ashes, mouse~traps and tinder boxes came to light. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.¹1390n.²1598
随便看	separation pay separation plant separation point separation-order separation-scene separationism separationist separationists separationorder separations separationscene separatism separatisms separatist separatistic separatistical separatists separative separatively separativeness separator separators separatory separatress separatrices

gratern.1

† gratern.2

gratern.¹

† gratern.²