governancen.

Brit.

/ˈɡʌvn̩əns/,

/ˈɡʌvənəns/, U.S.

/ˈɡəvərnəns/

Forms: Middle English covernauns, Middle English gervernauns (transmission error), Middle English gouernavns, Middle English gouernawnce, Middle English gouernawnse, Middle English governauns, Middle English governawnce, Middle English guuernance, Middle English 1600s gouvernance, Middle English–1500s gouernans, Middle English–1500s gouernauns, Middle English–1500s gouernaunse, Middle English–1500s gouuernance, Middle English–1500s gouuernaunce, Middle English–1600s gouernance, Middle English–1600s gouernaunce, Middle English–1600s governaunce, Middle English– governance, 1500s gouvernaunce, 1500s guevernans; Scottish pre-1700 gouernance, pre-1700 gouernans, pre-1700 gouernaunce, pre-1700 gouirnance, pre-1700 gouuernance, pre-1700 governaunce, pre-1700 govirnance, pre-1700 gowernance, pre-1700 1800s– governance. N.E.D. (1900) also records a form late Middle English governaunc.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French governaunce.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman governaunce, gouvernaunce, Anglo-Norman and Middle French governance, gouvernance (French gouvernance ) fact of governing or ruling, exercise of political power (end of the 13th cent. in Old French; late 14th cent. in the specific sense ‘particular political regime’), manner of living, conduct (c1320), control, sway, mastery (1352), way of governing (second half of the 14th cent. or earlier), command of a military unit (late 14th cent.), action of steering or piloting a ship (third quarter of the 14th cent.), in Anglo-Norman also self-control (a1411 or earlier) < governer , gouverner govern v. + -ance -ance suffix. Compare Old Occitan governansa , Portuguese governança (15th cent.), post-classical Latin gubernantia (see gubernance n.). Compare governancy n., gubernance n.In to have in governance (see Phrases 1) after Anglo-Norman tenir en governance (end of the 14th cent. or earlier), Anglo-Norman aver en governance, Middle French avoir en gouvernance (second half of the 15th cent. or earlier). In to set in governance (see sense 3b) after Anglo-Norman mettre en governance to administer, control (late 14th cent. or earlier).

a. The office, function, or power of governing; authority or permission to govern. Formerly also: †the command (of a body of men) (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > [noun]

onwaldeOE

wissingc1000

governc1300

shield1338

governaila1382

governancec1384

hierarchy1390

regimenta1393

rulea1393

rulec1405

governationc1410

leadingc1430

governmentc1450

gubernance1455

domination1490

moderation1526

governancy1540

ditiona1552

ruledom1553

rectory1572

sway1586

diocese1596

raj1857

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Macc. viii. 16 Thei bitakun to oo man her maistrie, or cheef gouernaunce [L. magistratum], bi eche ȝeeris, for to be lord to al her lond.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 971 (MED) He hield..The governance of every yle Which was longende unto Cizile.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 788 He yaf me al the brydel in myn hond To han the gouernance of hous and lond.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 1 Seint Poul ȝeueth not to Thimothe instruccioun of eny hiȝer gouernaunce.

c1500 Melusine (1895) 254 Whan geffray knew thauenture he was joyful, & made hym knight, & gaaf hym the gouernaunce of a houndred men of armes.

a1546 G. Wishart tr. Confescion Fayth Sweserlandes in Wodrow Soc. Misc. (1844) 11 Holy wrytte..shulde be the owne interpretour, the rule of charite and faythe hauynge gouernaunce.

1563 B. Googe Eglogs Epytaphes & Sonettes sig. H.ii^v And thou that hast, the gouernaunce of all, O myghty God.

1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 2 Things thus posited, under such a rectoral Governance [etc.].

1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. App. i, in Hist. Wks. (1813) II. 133 They may commit the governance thereof to the next heir of the crown.

1831 C. J. Ingersoll Julian i. 14 My governance Expires with this tradition of my charge, As I was ordered, to your majesty.

1884 J. Payne tr. Tales from Arabic I. 112 And Kisra the king invested him with the governance of one of the provinces of his empire.

1969 D. P. Moynihan in Engineer & City (National Acad. Engineering) i. 9/1 More and more, for the men charged with governance of our cities—great and small—politics has become the art of the impossible.

2008 M. Norman Silent Witness xxvi. 140 For the first time in church history, governance passed not to the next most worthy senior man, but from father to son, almost like royalty.

†b. A person, body, or thing that governs. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1500 tr. A. Chartier Famylyer Dyaloge Freende & Felaw (Sion Coll. London) (1989) 20 The same pestylence hath euyr warre wyth hygh empyres and governaunces [L. cum suppremis..imperiis].

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) viii. sig. Ej For certayne they that haue the charge of a prynce, be the..gouernance of people [Fr. gouuernement du peuple].

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. ii. vi. 3 Beleeue we ought, this Sun to be..the principall gouernance [Fr. regime] of nature.

1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. ii. 60 Persons of estate..elected to counsell and assist the governance.

†2.

a. Conduct of life or business; mode of living, behaviour, demeanour. Also: (in plural) proceedings, doings. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun]

tightc888

workOE

laitsc1225

rule?c1225

guise1303

conditionsc1374

actiona1393

governancea1393

governailc1425

port?a1439

fashion1447

dressa1450

governinga1450

walkingc1450

abearing?1454

deport1474

behaving1482

dealing1484

guidinga1500

demeanoura1513

behaviour?1521

walk?1567

daps1582

courses1592

deportment1601

behave?1615

deportation1616

containment1619

conduct1673

haviour1752

daddyism1984

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iii. l. 1740 Upon every governance Which falleth unto mannes dede, Folhaste is evere forto drede.

a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 219 Here tale al brought was to an ende Of here estat and of here gouernaunce.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 3567 I not by whos auctoryte, That ye, by your gouernauncys, My custommys & myn ordynauncys..Ye han ytournyd at your wyl.

c1500 (a1475) J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Claud.) (1885) 157 Many men wil than be of better gouernaunce.

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 48 Be constant in ȝour gouernance and counterfeit gud manneris.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 12^v All your gate and your gouernaunse graidly to telle.

1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. v. 31 Sufficient men..learned in the Law, and of good gouernance.

1591 E. Spenser Muiopotmos in Complaints sig. X He likest is to fall into mischaunce, That is regardles of his gouernaunce.

1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. vi. 39 Wise Princes ought not to be admired for their Government, but Governance.

1718 M. Dutton Office & Authority Justice of Peace for Ireland 188 They must be Men of Good Governance.

1814 E. Ogborne Hist. Essex 135 Not blasphemers of the name of Almighty God, nor common beggars, but such as have been of good governance and fallen into poverty.

1845 W. Mountford Martyria 283 ‘Common emblems on the monuments of Athenian women were an owl, a pair of reins, and a muzzle?’ ‘Meaning what?’ ‘The owl, her wisdom; the reins, her good governance; and the muzzle, her secresy.’

b. Sensible or virtuous behaviour; judicious self-control. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > [noun] > conduct

governancea1393

good-doing1499

wealc1500

manners1578

morality1616

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 1650 Practique stant upon thre thinges Toward the governance of kinges; Wherof the ferst Etique is named..Hou that a king himself schal reule.

a1450 (c1390) G. Chaucer Complaint of Venus (Tanner) (1879) l. 9 In him is bounte, wisdome, gouernaunce Welmore then any mannys wit can gesse.

1569 T. Norton To Queenes Deceiued Subj. sig. F.iii^v The other [i.e. the Earl of Westmorland], of no credit, no wisdome nor gouernance, no abilitie, no vertue.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xlii. 1152 The manner..was, in time of adversitie to beare all out, and set a good countenance, but in prosperitie to hold an even hand and to use governance [L. moderari animos].

a. Controlling, directing, or regulating influence; control, mastery.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [noun]

steera900

governaila1382

governancea1393

controlment1495

moderation1526

control1583

command1642

whip-handle1861

whip-hold1895

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 187 He [sc. God]..is king sovereign Of al the worldes governaunce.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. i. 165 Þe ouer [membres] ȝeueþ influens and gouernaunce to þe neþire.

?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) ii. pr. i. l. 813 Þou hast bytaken þiself to þe gouernaunce of fortune.

1550 H. Latimer Moste Faithfull Serm. before Kynges Maiestye sig. E.vii^v They that haue gouernance about the king, haue much libertie to liue voluptuously and licenciousli.

1656 Acad. Pleasure 45 Some lucklesse Planet (without doubt) had governance over that ominous day.

a1729 R. Moss Serm. (1738) VIII. ix. 224 To pretend to desire that God would..take us into his immediate Governance, when we have neither Intention, nor Inclination to obey his Laws.

1789 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music IV. 186 An irascible spirit under no great governance.

1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea I. vii. 106 A power..which could exert more governance over Turkish Statesmen.

1883 J. Ruskin Art of Eng. (1884) 225 Over these hours and colours of the scene, his governance was all but complete.

1963 Life 6 Dec. 4/2 The agents of evil were not scapegoats but instruments of a fate beyond man's governance.

1999 K. R. Jamison Night falls Fast 157 She had no governance over her thoughts.

†b. The state of being governed; good order; esp. in to set in governance. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > [noun]

lawc1175

peacec1300

governancea1393

order1483

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 1920 And thus the fadres ordinance This lond hath set in governance.

a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 4958 Eelde [can]..sette men..In good Reule and in gouernaunce.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. x. sig. Y^v Whose countries he redus'd to quiet state, And shortly brought to ciuile gouernaunce.

c. The action or fact of governing a nation, a person, an activity, one's desires, etc.; direction, rule; regulation.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > [noun] > action or act of

ruling?c1225

governingc1384

governancec1400

government?c1400

gubernationc1450

regence?1457

regencya1475

subjectionc1475

regimenc1485

administration1516

signorizing1588

ministry1700

c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) Prol. 3 As wel for the gouernance of a clokke as for to fynde the altitude Meridian.

a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 346 Þis stiward..failiþ in governaunce of þe Chirche.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 35 To remembre and se to the goode gouernaunce of his people.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Pref. 2 By Goddes gouvernaunce.

1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. Pref. Good governance and full right is done to every man.

1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) 40 Without any wry thoughts cast u[po]n divine governance.

1659 B. Jones Herm'ælogium iv. i. 65 The governance is ever on the same account; as, Pridie Calendarum... Calendarum being there genitively governed as the latter of two Substantives.

a1677 I. Barrow Treat. Pope's Supremacy (1680) 57 The Bishops governance should be so gentle and easie, that men hardly can be unwilling to comply with it.

a1742 C. Wheatly Fifty Serm. (1746) III. xiii. 309 He would no longer preside over them himself, but subject them to the Guidance and Governance of an Angel.

1850 J. H. Newman Lect. Diffic. Anglicans 7 It is but one aspect of the state, or mode of civil governance.

1866 J. F. Ferrier Lect. Greek Philos. I. xiv. 427 The strict governance of his own passions.

1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country iv. 220 All my belongings..I have submitted wholly..to your rule and governance.

1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul I. v. xvii. 319 A fresh proof of the immediate governance of God.

1884 Longman's Mag. Mar. 493 Rules..for the governance of racing.

1970 N.Y. Mag. 10 Aug. 43/1 Whereupon ended a century of experiment with governance by men of the people.

2011 New Yorker 14 Mar. 18/1 People are asking for better governance and accountability.

4. The manner in which something is governed or regulated; method of management, system of regulation.In Pecock often (see quot. c1449): a rule of practice, a discipline.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > [noun]

ordinance?a1400

governance1402

policy?a1439

regimentc1475

frame1529

statea1538

government1553

estate1559

platform1587

polity1590

governail1598

regimen1663

constitution1735

regime1792

system1806

party government1834

1402 in Rev. Eng. Stud. (1932) 8 262 (MED) Sete I pray [th]is hous in better gouernawnse.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 5 No gouernaunce is to be holde of Cristen men the seruice or the lawe of God.

1456 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1456/7 Item as to the pestilence and governance tharof, the clergy thinkis that [etc.].

a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1907) I. 35 Hit wer good Gouernauns that euery ward kept hem within hur own ward.

1559 N. Bacon in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1824) I. ii. 78 A thing to be eschewed in all good governances.

1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 207 in Justice Vindicated To enquire of the Foundation, Erection, and Governance of Hospitals.

1744 J. Lewis Life R. Pecock iii. 146 The bishop had defended six of those usages of the church of England, which were opposed by the Lollards; there remained..five other usages or governances.

1793 Constit. New-Jersey Soc., for Promoting Abolition of Slavery 7 General regulations and orders for the direction and governance of the county meetings.

1857 A. Trollope Barchester Towers I. ii. 21 A political pamphleteer had produced a few dozen pages,..intended to give an infallible rule for the governance of all such establishments.

1977 Bull. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. Oct. 7 Such variables inside the school system include..alternative arrangements for the administration and governance of schools.

2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 13 Oct. b2/4 People in business adopt for themselves numerous forms of regulation and rules of behavior—called ‘governance’ in economic jargon.

Phrases

P1. under (also †in) (a person's) governance: subject to (a person's) control. Similarly †out of (a person's) governance (obsolete).

ΚΠ

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 1194 (MED) Þou owyst to do no þyng stylle withoute leue of þy fadrys wylle..Ȝyf þou vndyr hys gouernaunce dwelle.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 161 Discretioun and considerance Ar both out of hir [sc. love's] gouirnance.

1533–4 Act 25 Hen. VIII c. 22 §11 Your said issue..shalbe & remaine..at and in the gouernance of their naturall mother.

1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxij The heartes of Kynges are in thy rule and gouernaunce.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) i. iii. 50 What, shall King Henry be a Pupill still, Vnder the surly Glosters Gouernance?

1720 T. Gordon Humourist I. 133 A Third is under the absolute Governance of Pride.

1857 A. Trollope Barchester Towers II. vii. 129 The world gave him credit for being under the governance of his wife.

1972 R. Davies Manticore (1987) i. vii. 54 No sense of congruity... Just ostentation and gall working under the governance of a fashionable, belligerent, unappeasable ambition.

2008 L. T. Frank Women in Amer. Civil War I. 150/1 Although she lost the assistance and guidance of her husband, the plantation continued to earn similar profits as it had under his governance.

†P2. to have under (also †in) governance: to have in one's control. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 1044 Ffortune that hath the world in gouernaunce.

c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 123 (MED) Phebus with his chare of golde The rosye day haþ in his gouernaunce.

1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 31 Saint Benet had many abbeys under hys gouernaunce.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xiii. sig. Giij Vertue hath all thinge vnder gouernaunce.

c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) iii. 24 Body and gudis to haif in govirnance.

1602 ( D. Lindsay Satyre (Charteris) sig. D Ane Prince of great puissance, Quhom ȝoung men hes in gouernance Rolland into his rage.

1824 J. Bentham Anarchical Fallacies in Wks. (1843) II. 520 The governed are to have the governors under their governance.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	governance
释义	governancen. Brit. /ˈɡʌvn̩əns/, /ˈɡʌvənəns/, U.S. /ˈɡəvərnəns/ Forms: Middle English covernauns, Middle English gervernauns (transmission error), Middle English gouernavns, Middle English gouernawnce, Middle English gouernawnse, Middle English governauns, Middle English governawnce, Middle English guuernance, Middle English 1600s gouvernance, Middle English–1500s gouernans, Middle English–1500s gouernauns, Middle English–1500s gouernaunse, Middle English–1500s gouuernance, Middle English–1500s gouuernaunce, Middle English–1600s gouernance, Middle English–1600s gouernaunce, Middle English–1600s governaunce, Middle English– governance, 1500s gouvernaunce, 1500s guevernans; Scottish pre-1700 gouernance, pre-1700 gouernans, pre-1700 gouernaunce, pre-1700 gouirnance, pre-1700 gouuernance, pre-1700 governaunce, pre-1700 govirnance, pre-1700 gowernance, pre-1700 1800s– governance. N.E.D. (1900) also records a form late Middle English governaunc. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French governaunce. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman governaunce, gouvernaunce, Anglo-Norman and Middle French governance, gouvernance (French gouvernance ) fact of governing or ruling, exercise of political power (end of the 13th cent. in Old French; late 14th cent. in the specific sense ‘particular political regime’), manner of living, conduct (c1320), control, sway, mastery (1352), way of governing (second half of the 14th cent. or earlier), command of a military unit (late 14th cent.), action of steering or piloting a ship (third quarter of the 14th cent.), in Anglo-Norman also self-control (a1411 or earlier) < governer , gouverner govern v. + -ance -ance suffix. Compare Old Occitan governansa , Portuguese governança (15th cent.), post-classical Latin gubernantia (see gubernance n.). Compare governancy n., gubernance n.In to have in governance (see Phrases 1) after Anglo-Norman tenir en governance (end of the 14th cent. or earlier), Anglo-Norman aver en governance, Middle French avoir en gouvernance (second half of the 15th cent. or earlier). In to set in governance (see sense 3b) after Anglo-Norman mettre en governance to administer, control (late 14th cent. or earlier). 1. a. The office, function, or power of governing; authority or permission to govern. Formerly also: †the command (of a body of men) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > [noun] onwaldeOE wissingc1000 governc1300 shield1338 governaila1382 governancec1384 hierarchy1390 regimenta1393 rulea1393 rulec1405 governationc1410 leadingc1430 governmentc1450 gubernance1455 domination1490 moderation1526 governancy1540 ditiona1552 ruledom1553 rectory1572 sway1586 diocese1596 raj1857 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Macc. viii. 16 Thei bitakun to oo man her maistrie, or cheef gouernaunce [L. magistratum], bi eche ȝeeris, for to be lord to al her lond. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 971 (MED) He hield..The governance of every yle Which was longende unto Cizile. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 788 He yaf me al the brydel in myn hond To han the gouernance of hous and lond. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 1 Seint Poul ȝeueth not to Thimothe instruccioun of eny hiȝer gouernaunce. c1500 Melusine (1895) 254 Whan geffray knew thauenture he was joyful, & made hym knight, & gaaf hym the gouernaunce of a houndred men of armes. a1546 G. Wishart tr. Confescion Fayth Sweserlandes in Wodrow Soc. Misc. (1844) 11 Holy wrytte..shulde be the owne interpretour, the rule of charite and faythe hauynge gouernaunce. 1563 B. Googe Eglogs Epytaphes & Sonettes sig. H.ii^v And thou that hast, the gouernaunce of all, O myghty God. 1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 2 Things thus posited, under such a rectoral Governance [etc.]. 1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. App. i, in Hist. Wks. (1813) II. 133 They may commit the governance thereof to the next heir of the crown. 1831 C. J. Ingersoll Julian i. 14 My governance Expires with this tradition of my charge, As I was ordered, to your majesty. 1884 J. Payne tr. Tales from Arabic I. 112 And Kisra the king invested him with the governance of one of the provinces of his empire. 1969 D. P. Moynihan in Engineer & City (National Acad. Engineering) i. 9/1 More and more, for the men charged with governance of our cities—great and small—politics has become the art of the impossible. 2008 M. Norman Silent Witness xxvi. 140 For the first time in church history, governance passed not to the next most worthy senior man, but from father to son, almost like royalty. †b. A person, body, or thing that governs. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1500 tr. A. Chartier Famylyer Dyaloge Freende & Felaw (Sion Coll. London) (1989) 20 The same pestylence hath euyr warre wyth hygh empyres and governaunces [L. cum suppremis..imperiis]. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) viii. sig. Ej For certayne they that haue the charge of a prynce, be the..gouernance of people [Fr. gouuernement du peuple]. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. ii. vi. 3 Beleeue we ought, this Sun to be..the principall gouernance [Fr. regime] of nature. 1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. ii. 60 Persons of estate..elected to counsell and assist the governance. †2. a. Conduct of life or business; mode of living, behaviour, demeanour. Also: (in plural) proceedings, doings. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] tightc888 workOE laitsc1225 rule?c1225 guise1303 conditionsc1374 actiona1393 governancea1393 governailc1425 port?a1439 fashion1447 dressa1450 governinga1450 walkingc1450 abearing?1454 deport1474 behaving1482 dealing1484 guidinga1500 demeanoura1513 behaviour?1521 walk?1567 daps1582 courses1592 deportment1601 behave?1615 deportation1616 containment1619 conduct1673 haviour1752 daddyism1984 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iii. l. 1740 Upon every governance Which falleth unto mannes dede, Folhaste is evere forto drede. a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1881) ii. l. 219 Here tale al brought was to an ende Of here estat and of here gouernaunce. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) l. 3567 I not by whos auctoryte, That ye, by your gouernauncys, My custommys & myn ordynauncys..Ye han ytournyd at your wyl. c1500 (a1475) J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Claud.) (1885) 157 Many men wil than be of better gouernaunce. ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 48 Be constant in ȝour gouernance and counterfeit gud manneris. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 12^v All your gate and your gouernaunse graidly to telle. 1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. v. 31 Sufficient men..learned in the Law, and of good gouernance. 1591 E. Spenser Muiopotmos in Complaints sig. X He likest is to fall into mischaunce, That is regardles of his gouernaunce. 1656 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. II. vi. 39 Wise Princes ought not to be admired for their Government, but Governance. 1718 M. Dutton Office & Authority Justice of Peace for Ireland 188 They must be Men of Good Governance. 1814 E. Ogborne Hist. Essex 135 Not blasphemers of the name of Almighty God, nor common beggars, but such as have been of good governance and fallen into poverty. 1845 W. Mountford Martyria 283 ‘Common emblems on the monuments of Athenian women were an owl, a pair of reins, and a muzzle?’ ‘Meaning what?’ ‘The owl, her wisdom; the reins, her good governance; and the muzzle, her secresy.’ b. Sensible or virtuous behaviour; judicious self-control. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > [noun] > conduct governancea1393 good-doing1499 wealc1500 manners1578 morality1616 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 1650 Practique stant upon thre thinges Toward the governance of kinges; Wherof the ferst Etique is named..Hou that a king himself schal reule. a1450 (c1390) G. Chaucer Complaint of Venus (Tanner) (1879) l. 9 In him is bounte, wisdome, gouernaunce Welmore then any mannys wit can gesse. 1569 T. Norton To Queenes Deceiued Subj. sig. F.iii^v The other [i.e. the Earl of Westmorland], of no credit, no wisdome nor gouernance, no abilitie, no vertue. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xlii. 1152 The manner..was, in time of adversitie to beare all out, and set a good countenance, but in prosperitie to hold an even hand and to use governance [L. moderari animos]. 3. a. Controlling, directing, or regulating influence; control, mastery. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [noun] steera900 governaila1382 governancea1393 controlment1495 moderation1526 control1583 command1642 whip-handle1861 whip-hold1895 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 187 He [sc. God]..is king sovereign Of al the worldes governaunce. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. i. 165 Þe ouer [membres] ȝeueþ influens and gouernaunce to þe neþire. ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) ii. pr. i. l. 813 Þou hast bytaken þiself to þe gouernaunce of fortune. 1550 H. Latimer Moste Faithfull Serm. before Kynges Maiestye sig. E.vii^v They that haue gouernance about the king, haue much libertie to liue voluptuously and licenciousli. 1656 Acad. Pleasure 45 Some lucklesse Planet (without doubt) had governance over that ominous day. a1729 R. Moss Serm. (1738) VIII. ix. 224 To pretend to desire that God would..take us into his immediate Governance, when we have neither Intention, nor Inclination to obey his Laws. 1789 C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music IV. 186 An irascible spirit under no great governance. 1863 A. W. Kinglake Invasion of Crimea I. vii. 106 A power..which could exert more governance over Turkish Statesmen. 1883 J. Ruskin Art of Eng. (1884) 225 Over these hours and colours of the scene, his governance was all but complete. 1963 Life 6 Dec. 4/2 The agents of evil were not scapegoats but instruments of a fate beyond man's governance. 1999 K. R. Jamison Night falls Fast 157 She had no governance over her thoughts. †b. The state of being governed; good order; esp. in to set in governance. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > [noun] lawc1175 peacec1300 governancea1393 order1483 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 1920 And thus the fadres ordinance This lond hath set in governance. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 4958 Eelde [can]..sette men..In good Reule and in gouernaunce. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. x. sig. Y^v Whose countries he redus'd to quiet state, And shortly brought to ciuile gouernaunce. c. The action or fact of governing a nation, a person, an activity, one's desires, etc.; direction, rule; regulation. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > [noun] > action or act of ruling?c1225 governingc1384 governancec1400 government?c1400 gubernationc1450 regence?1457 regencya1475 subjectionc1475 regimenc1485 administration1516 signorizing1588 ministry1700 c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) Prol. 3 As wel for the gouernance of a clokke as for to fynde the altitude Meridian. a1425 (?c1384) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 346 Þis stiward..failiþ in governaunce of þe Chirche. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 35 To remembre and se to the goode gouernaunce of his people. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Pref. 2 By Goddes gouvernaunce. 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. Pref. Good governance and full right is done to every man. 1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) 40 Without any wry thoughts cast u[po]n divine governance. 1659 B. Jones Herm'ælogium iv. i. 65 The governance is ever on the same account; as, Pridie Calendarum... Calendarum being there genitively governed as the latter of two Substantives. a1677 I. Barrow Treat. Pope's Supremacy (1680) 57 The Bishops governance should be so gentle and easie, that men hardly can be unwilling to comply with it. a1742 C. Wheatly Fifty Serm. (1746) III. xiii. 309 He would no longer preside over them himself, but subject them to the Guidance and Governance of an Angel. 1850 J. H. Newman Lect. Diffic. Anglicans 7 It is but one aspect of the state, or mode of civil governance. 1866 J. F. Ferrier Lect. Greek Philos. I. xiv. 427 The strict governance of his own passions. 1873 R. Browning Red Cotton Night-cap Country iv. 220 All my belongings..I have submitted wholly..to your rule and governance. 1879 F. W. Farrar Life & Work St. Paul I. v. xvii. 319 A fresh proof of the immediate governance of God. 1884 Longman's Mag. Mar. 493 Rules..for the governance of racing. 1970 N.Y. Mag. 10 Aug. 43/1 Whereupon ended a century of experiment with governance by men of the people. 2011 New Yorker 14 Mar. 18/1 People are asking for better governance and accountability. 4. The manner in which something is governed or regulated; method of management, system of regulation.In Pecock often (see quot. c1449): a rule of practice, a discipline. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > [noun] ordinance?a1400 governance1402 policy?a1439 regimentc1475 frame1529 statea1538 government1553 estate1559 platform1587 polity1590 governail1598 regimen1663 constitution1735 regime1792 system1806 party government1834 1402 in Rev. Eng. Stud. (1932) 8 262 (MED) Sete I pray [th]is hous in better gouernawnse. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 5 No gouernaunce is to be holde of Cristen men the seruice or the lawe of God. 1456 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) 1456/7 Item as to the pestilence and governance tharof, the clergy thinkis that [etc.]. a1525 ( Coventry Leet Bk. (1907) I. 35 Hit wer good Gouernauns that euery ward kept hem within hur own ward. 1559 N. Bacon in J. Strype Ann. Reformation (1824) I. ii. 78 A thing to be eschewed in all good governances. 1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 207 in Justice Vindicated To enquire of the Foundation, Erection, and Governance of Hospitals. 1744 J. Lewis Life R. Pecock iii. 146 The bishop had defended six of those usages of the church of England, which were opposed by the Lollards; there remained..five other usages or governances. 1793 Constit. New-Jersey Soc., for Promoting Abolition of Slavery 7 General regulations and orders for the direction and governance of the county meetings. 1857 A. Trollope Barchester Towers I. ii. 21 A political pamphleteer had produced a few dozen pages,..intended to give an infallible rule for the governance of all such establishments. 1977 Bull. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. Oct. 7 Such variables inside the school system include..alternative arrangements for the administration and governance of schools. 2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 13 Oct. b2/4 People in business adopt for themselves numerous forms of regulation and rules of behavior—called ‘governance’ in economic jargon. Phrases P1. under (also †in) (a person's) governance: subject to (a person's) control. Similarly †out of (a person's) governance (obsolete). ΚΠ a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 1194 (MED) Þou owyst to do no þyng stylle withoute leue of þy fadrys wylle..Ȝyf þou vndyr hys gouernaunce dwelle. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 161 Discretioun and considerance Ar both out of hir [sc. love's] gouirnance. 1533–4 Act 25 Hen. VIII c. 22 §11 Your said issue..shalbe & remaine..at and in the gouernance of their naturall mother. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Svpper of the Lorde f. cxxij The heartes of Kynges are in thy rule and gouernaunce. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) i. iii. 50 What, shall King Henry be a Pupill still, Vnder the surly Glosters Gouernance? View more context for this quotation 1720 T. Gordon Humourist I. 133 A Third is under the absolute Governance of Pride. 1857 A. Trollope Barchester Towers II. vii. 129 The world gave him credit for being under the governance of his wife. 1972 R. Davies Manticore (1987) i. vii. 54 No sense of congruity... Just ostentation and gall working under the governance of a fashionable, belligerent, unappeasable ambition. 2008 L. T. Frank Women in Amer. Civil War I. 150/1 Although she lost the assistance and guidance of her husband, the plantation continued to earn similar profits as it had under his governance. †P2. to have under (also †in) governance: to have in one's control. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 1044 Ffortune that hath the world in gouernaunce. c1450 ( J. Walton tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Linc. Cathedral 103) 123 (MED) Phebus with his chare of golde The rosye day haþ in his gouernaunce. 1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 31 Saint Benet had many abbeys under hys gouernaunce. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. xiii. sig. Giij Vertue hath all thinge vnder gouernaunce. c1560 A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) iii. 24 Body and gudis to haif in govirnance. 1602 ( D. Lindsay Satyre (Charteris) sig. D Ane Prince of great puissance, Quhom ȝoung men hes in gouernance Rolland into his rage. 1824 J. Bentham Anarchical Fallacies in Wks. (1843) II. 520 The governed are to have the governors under their governance. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1384
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