† governailn.

Forms: Middle English gouernail, Middle English gouernaille, Middle English gouernaylle, Middle English gouernele, Middle English gouernell, Middle English gouernelle, Middle English gouerneyl, Middle English gouerneylle, Middle English gouernyl, Middle English governaile, Middle English governaill, Middle English governayle, Middle English–1500s gouernaile, Middle English–1500s gouernaill, Middle English–1500s gouernal, Middle English–1500s gouernale, Middle English–1500s gouernayle, 1500s gouernall, 1500s gouernalle, 1500s gouernaly, 1500s governale, 1500s governall, 1500s governalle, 1700s 1900s governail; Scottish pre-1700 gouernaile, pre-1700 gouernaill, pre-1700 gouernale, pre-1700 gouernall, pre-1700 gouuernail, pre-1700 gouuernall, pre-1700 gouvernall, pre-1700 governaile, pre-1700 governaille, pre-1700 governale, pre-1700 governall, pre-1700 governayle, pre-1700 gowernal.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French governail.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman governail, governaile, governaill, governaille, gouvernaille, governal, governale, and Middle French gouvernail, gouvernal (French gouvernail ) rudder (end of the 11th cent. in Old French in a gloss in Rashi), rule, government (13th cent.), influence, sway (c1334 or earlier), action of steering or navigating (late 14th cent. or earlier), leader, ruler (late 14th cent. or earlier), governance, way of governing (c1400 or earlier) < classical Latin gubernāculum (plural gubernācula ) rudder (see gubernaculum n.), (in figurative use) helm of the ‘ship of state’, in post-classical Latin also moral direction, guidance (Vetus Latina; early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), person who controls (4th cent.). Compare Old Occitan governal, governail (13th cent.), Catalan governall (1423), Spanish gobernalle (end of the 14th cent.), Portuguese gobernalho (late 14th cent.), and ( < French or Old Occitan) Italian †governale (13th cent.).In early use often in plural, after classical Latin gubernācula, plural noun.

archaic and rare after the 17th cent. Now Obsolete.

I. Uses related to guidance or control.

a. Guidance, advice, counsel. Also: contrivance.In plural used collectively.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > [noun]

steera900

governaila1382

governancea1393

controlment1495

moderation1526

control1583

command1642

whip-handle1861

whip-hold1895

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [noun]

redeOE

rathec1175

counsel?c1225

governaila1382

advicec1390

advisement1409

visingc1480

vicea1500

manuduction1502

recommending1575

recommendation1585

aread1590

paraenesis1593

consult1654

guidant1691

advisal1765

shauri1874

the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > contrivance or machination

artc1300

enginec1300

compassc1320

governaila1382

subtletya1393

imaginement1543

machinationc1550

stratagem1561

designing1566

packing1587

Machiavellism1592

design1594

drifting1602

Machiavellianism1607

artifice1618

reach1641

contrivance1647

intrigue1668

designfulnessa1677

engineering1716

manoeuvring1786

scheme1790

intriguery1815

intriguing1841

footwork1902

game playing1916

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xx. 18 Bi gouernailis [a1425 L.V. Royal gouernals; ?a1425 L.V. Claud. gloss. bi gouernayls, that is, prudence, councel, and experience, and not oneli bi bodily strengthe; L. gubernaculis] batailis ben to be tretid.

a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) 1112 (MED) Thorg her gouernaile, The lordes alle..han hem broght to be of on assent.

a1500 Partenay (Trin. Cambr.) l. 5561 Other gift bere hens shall by no gouernaill; Then grett mischaunce to purchace and haue.

b. Authoritative direction or control; guardianship, keeping.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > protection or patronage

avowry1330

governail1395

protectorship1576

patronage1590

clientele1611

protection1809

Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 139 (MED) No thing anoieth more the chirche of God than that vnworthi prelatis ben taken to the gouernaile of soulis.

?1407 T. Hoccleve in E. P. Hammond Eng. Verse between Chaucer & Surrey (1927) 66 Glad cheerid Somer, to your gouernaill And grace we submitte al our willynge.

a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 1697 He..byde þat his body to Schaftesbury were leyde In to þe gouernelle of quene Eluyne.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 12 A clene man was in þe court, and spak to hem þat had gret gouernaile in þe court.

c1500 Blowbols Test. 110 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 96 Lucina hath the governale Of the salt flodes.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xii. sig. Aa5 He of this Gardin had the gouernall.

c. A person who exercises authoritative direction or control. Cf. governor n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun]

waldendeOE

prince?c1225

ordainerc1300

tyranta1340

prefecta1382

rulera1382

wieldera1382

corner of the people1382

lordshipperc1384

governora1393

moderatora1398

wieldinga1400

leader of lawsc1400

regent1415

governailc1440

dominatorc1450

reignera1464

regnanta1500

gubernator1522

despot1562

shepherd1577

swayer1598

Sophy1599

most mastera1616

Govr.1620

Gov.1630

archon1735

c1440 (?c1350) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 35 All of a gouernaylle hafe we a Fadyr.

c1535 Ploughman's Tale iii. sig. C.vi^v Sulde holy churches haue no heed? Who shulde be her gouernayle.

a. Rule or government of a country, city, etc. Also: the authority to rule; political power.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > [noun]

onwaldeOE

wissingc1000

governc1300

shield1338

governaila1382

governancec1384

hierarchy1390

regimenta1393

rulea1393

rulec1405

governationc1410

leadingc1430

governmentc1450

gubernance1455

domination1490

moderation1526

governancy1540

ditiona1552

ruledom1553

rectory1572

sway1586

diocese1596

raj1857

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. i. 5 Herende the wise wisere shal ben; and vnderstondende gouernaile he shal welde [a1425 L.V. shal holde gouernails; L. gubernacula possidebit].

?a1425 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Claud.) (1850) 1 Kings viii. 11 Gloss. Gouernail is turned liȝtly in to tirauntrie, for greetnesse of power grauntid to kyngis.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 358 Of the marchis than had he The gouernale [1489 Adv. gouernaile] and the pouste.

a1555 D. Lindsay Tragedie in Dialog Experience & Courteour (1559) sig. Sii^v Off all Scotland, I had the Gouernall.

1597 J. S. tr. G. Boccaccio Statelie Tragedie Guistard & Sismond i, in Cert. Worthye Manvscr. Poems Bj His fame had never spot in all his governall.

b. Period of rule; esp. reign.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > [noun] > period of

governail1417

regiment1548

government1550

protectorate1768

1417 in C. Innes Registrum Episcopatus Brechinensis (1856) I. 38 The ȝeir..of our gouernale the elleuende.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 119 The firste yere of his governayle [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. ducherie; L. ducatus].

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 31 (MED) The firste gouernayle [L. regimen] was from Abraham to Moysen.

1657 W. Mure Hist. Rowallane in Wks. (1898) II. 251 1415, the tent year of his governale.

c. Command of an armed force.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military service > [noun] > leading or commanding

leadingc1400

governailc1425

magistration1490

conducting1517

manred1528

conduct1530

manrentc1540

conduction1551

commandment1592

command1594

commandery1598

captaincy1850

officering1890

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 701 (MED) Heneus..þe þre & twenty [battalion] had in gouernaille.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. 709 (MED) Pallamydes..hadde also of al þe Grekis host..whilom gouernaille.

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) v. l. 816 He..til hym commendit hail Off his gret ost þe governaille [a1530 Royal governale].

d. A community governed, a state.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > [noun]

ordinance?a1400

governance1402

policy?a1439

regimentc1475

frame1529

statea1538

government1553

estate1559

platform1587

polity1590

governail1598

regimen1663

constitution1735

regime1792

system1806

party government1834

1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. v. 37 Thousands beene in euery gouernall, That liue by losse, and rise by others fall.

3. System of treatment, care, or management; spec. regimen designed to promote good health.In quot. a1400², a regimen of this kind.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > [noun]

governaila1400

husbanding?1440

nursing?1533

culture1580

cultivation1637

elevation1658

growth1663

rearing1693

growing1889

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 80 Þe quantitees of humouris schulden be temperid wiþ blood-letynge & purgaciouns & with good gouernaile.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 95 (MED) Þat þe pacient vse a good governaile: as drinke good wiyn..& he may ete good fleisch.

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxiiij/2 Soo she [sc. the moon] bee in the .ij. or iij. quartir the gouernaile of thes plantis is dowblyng of beryng of frute.

?1541 R. Copland Formularye Aydes Apostemes in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens sig. Riv The gouernall accomplysshynge the entencyon after the vlceracyon is to drye the rottennesse.

4. Conduct, behaviour. Also: good conduct; self-control, discretion. Cf. government n. 3a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun]

tightc888

workOE

laitsc1225

rule?c1225

guise1303

conditionsc1374

actiona1393

governancea1393

governailc1425

port?a1439

fashion1447

dressa1450

governinga1450

walkingc1450

abearing?1454

deport1474

behaving1482

dealing1484

guidinga1500

demeanoura1513

behaviour?1521

walk?1567

daps1582

courses1592

deportment1601

behave?1615

deportation1616

containment1619

conduct1673

haviour1752

daddyism1984

the mind > emotion > calmness > self-possession or self-control > [noun]

repressiona1413

governailc1425

willc1480

self-rule1532

coldness1548

stay1556

presentness of mind1598

coolness1607

cold blooda1609

temper1611

self-discipline1612

retention?1615

presence of mind?1624

self-governance1630

retentiveness1641

self-command1651

self-mastery1652

self-control1653

self-direction1653

self-restraint1656

self-possession1665

possessednessa1698

self-regulation1698

possession1703

retenue1747

sang-froid1750

self-collection1761

render1768

self-collectedness1805

self-repression1821

self-containedness1835

unimpulsiveness1860

cool-headedness1881

sophrosyne1889

cool1964

the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > prescribed rule of conduct

wayOE

rulea1387

lorec1400

governailc1425

c1425 Treat. Ten Commandments in Stud. Philol. (1910) 6 10 Þese been undiscret & unreasonabul, & not wys in gouernayle.

a1500 Partenay (Trin. Cambr.) l. 844 Ye take A wif vnknow what is sche, Neither haue knewlich of hir gouernail, Ne of hir kinrede.

1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 67 His ire excede[d] his wytte and gouernall.

1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. vi. 48 The fashions of their liues and Gouernals.

II. Uses related to the rudder of a ship.

5. The rudder of a ship or balloon. Also occasionally: the use of the rudder; steering, piloting.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > steering > [noun]

steeringc1220

governailc1384

steeragec1450

con1812

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > rudder

ruddereOE

governailc1384

steerer1398

gubernaclec1425

timon1511

wooden bridle1614

main-piece1850

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) James iii. 4 Shippes..ben born aboute of a litel gouernayle [L. gubernaculo].

c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 93 The gouernayle which is with inne ledeth it.

c1450 (c1400) Bk. Vices & Virtues (Huntington) (1942) 126 (MED) Þe synful..fareþ as he þat is in a schip alone in þe see, and slepeþ and leteþ þe schip drenche for defaute of gouernaile.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 151 His gouernaile brack in more thenne a thousand pieces.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. ccxxij^v/2 Thenne they recited to her the myracle..how they were comen wythout ony gouernayle of the shippe.

1561 R. Eden tr. M. Cortés Arte Nauigation Epistle sig. A iii^v Tipho fyrst founde the gouernall or rudder.

1602 J. Colville Parænese 9 Vithout the gouuernall the schip can not be veill gouernit.

1786 J. Jeffries Narr. Two Aerial Voy. 45 Still descending, we cast away the other wing, and then the governail [of a balloon].

1914 E. P. Buffet Layman Revato vi. 44/2 Grasp hold on the governail! Cast loose the bow-line! Trim her to windward!

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	governail
释义	† governailn. Forms: Middle English gouernail, Middle English gouernaille, Middle English gouernaylle, Middle English gouernele, Middle English gouernell, Middle English gouernelle, Middle English gouerneyl, Middle English gouerneylle, Middle English gouernyl, Middle English governaile, Middle English governaill, Middle English governayle, Middle English–1500s gouernaile, Middle English–1500s gouernaill, Middle English–1500s gouernal, Middle English–1500s gouernale, Middle English–1500s gouernayle, 1500s gouernall, 1500s gouernalle, 1500s gouernaly, 1500s governale, 1500s governall, 1500s governalle, 1700s 1900s governail; Scottish pre-1700 gouernaile, pre-1700 gouernaill, pre-1700 gouernale, pre-1700 gouernall, pre-1700 gouuernail, pre-1700 gouuernall, pre-1700 gouvernall, pre-1700 governaile, pre-1700 governaille, pre-1700 governale, pre-1700 governall, pre-1700 governayle, pre-1700 gowernal. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French governail. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman governail, governaile, governaill, governaille, gouvernaille, governal, governale, and Middle French gouvernail, gouvernal (French gouvernail ) rudder (end of the 11th cent. in Old French in a gloss in Rashi), rule, government (13th cent.), influence, sway (c1334 or earlier), action of steering or navigating (late 14th cent. or earlier), leader, ruler (late 14th cent. or earlier), governance, way of governing (c1400 or earlier) < classical Latin gubernāculum (plural gubernācula ) rudder (see gubernaculum n.), (in figurative use) helm of the ‘ship of state’, in post-classical Latin also moral direction, guidance (Vetus Latina; early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), person who controls (4th cent.). Compare Old Occitan governal, governail (13th cent.), Catalan governall (1423), Spanish gobernalle (end of the 14th cent.), Portuguese gobernalho (late 14th cent.), and ( < French or Old Occitan) Italian †governale (13th cent.).In early use often in plural, after classical Latin gubernācula, plural noun. archaic and rare after the 17th cent. Now Obsolete. I. Uses related to guidance or control. 1. a. Guidance, advice, counsel. Also: contrivance.In plural used collectively. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > [noun] steera900 governaila1382 governancea1393 controlment1495 moderation1526 control1583 command1642 whip-handle1861 whip-hold1895 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [noun] redeOE rathec1175 counsel?c1225 governaila1382 advicec1390 advisement1409 visingc1480 vicea1500 manuduction1502 recommending1575 recommendation1585 aread1590 paraenesis1593 consult1654 guidant1691 advisal1765 shauri1874 the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > contrivance or machination artc1300 enginec1300 compassc1320 governaila1382 subtletya1393 imaginement1543 machinationc1550 stratagem1561 designing1566 packing1587 Machiavellism1592 design1594 drifting1602 Machiavellianism1607 artifice1618 reach1641 contrivance1647 intrigue1668 designfulnessa1677 engineering1716 manoeuvring1786 scheme1790 intriguery1815 intriguing1841 footwork1902 game playing1916 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. xx. 18 Bi gouernailis [a1425 L.V. Royal gouernals; ?a1425 L.V. Claud. gloss. bi gouernayls, that is, prudence, councel, and experience, and not oneli bi bodily strengthe; L. gubernaculis] batailis ben to be tretid. a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) 1112 (MED) Thorg her gouernaile, The lordes alle..han hem broght to be of on assent. a1500 Partenay (Trin. Cambr.) l. 5561 Other gift bere hens shall by no gouernaill; Then grett mischaunce to purchace and haue. b. Authoritative direction or control; guardianship, keeping. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > protection or patronage avowry1330 governail1395 protectorship1576 patronage1590 clientele1611 protection1809 Remonstr. against Romish Corruptions (Titus) (1851) 139 (MED) No thing anoieth more the chirche of God than that vnworthi prelatis ben taken to the gouernaile of soulis. ?1407 T. Hoccleve in E. P. Hammond Eng. Verse between Chaucer & Surrey (1927) 66 Glad cheerid Somer, to your gouernaill And grace we submitte al our willynge. a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 1697 He..byde þat his body to Schaftesbury were leyde In to þe gouernelle of quene Eluyne. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 12 A clene man was in þe court, and spak to hem þat had gret gouernaile in þe court. c1500 Blowbols Test. 110 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 96 Lucina hath the governale Of the salt flodes. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. xii. sig. Aa5 He of this Gardin had the gouernall. c. A person who exercises authoritative direction or control. Cf. governor n. 2. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun] waldendeOE prince?c1225 ordainerc1300 tyranta1340 prefecta1382 rulera1382 wieldera1382 corner of the people1382 lordshipperc1384 governora1393 moderatora1398 wieldinga1400 leader of lawsc1400 regent1415 governailc1440 dominatorc1450 reignera1464 regnanta1500 gubernator1522 despot1562 shepherd1577 swayer1598 Sophy1599 most mastera1616 Govr.1620 Gov.1630 archon1735 c1440 (?c1350) in G. G. Perry Relig. Pieces in Prose & Verse (1914) 35 All of a gouernaylle hafe we a Fadyr. c1535 Ploughman's Tale iii. sig. C.vi^v Sulde holy churches haue no heed? Who shulde be her gouernayle. 2. a. Rule or government of a country, city, etc. Also: the authority to rule; political power. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > [noun] onwaldeOE wissingc1000 governc1300 shield1338 governaila1382 governancec1384 hierarchy1390 regimenta1393 rulea1393 rulec1405 governationc1410 leadingc1430 governmentc1450 gubernance1455 domination1490 moderation1526 governancy1540 ditiona1552 ruledom1553 rectory1572 sway1586 diocese1596 raj1857 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Prov. i. 5 Herende the wise wisere shal ben; and vnderstondende gouernaile he shal welde [a1425 L.V. shal holde gouernails; L. gubernacula possidebit]. ?a1425 Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Claud.) (1850) 1 Kings viii. 11 Gloss. Gouernail is turned liȝtly in to tirauntrie, for greetnesse of power grauntid to kyngis. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xvi. 358 Of the marchis than had he The gouernale [1489 Adv. gouernaile] and the pouste. a1555 D. Lindsay Tragedie in Dialog Experience & Courteour (1559) sig. Sii^v Off all Scotland, I had the Gouernall. 1597 J. S. tr. G. Boccaccio Statelie Tragedie Guistard & Sismond i, in Cert. Worthye Manvscr. Poems Bj His fame had never spot in all his governall. b. Period of rule; esp. reign. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > [noun] > period of governail1417 regiment1548 government1550 protectorate1768 1417 in C. Innes Registrum Episcopatus Brechinensis (1856) I. 38 The ȝeir..of our gouernale the elleuende. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1879) VII. 119 The firste yere of his governayle [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. ducherie; L. ducatus]. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1865) I. 31 (MED) The firste gouernayle [L. regimen] was from Abraham to Moysen. 1657 W. Mure Hist. Rowallane in Wks. (1898) II. 251 1415, the tent year of his governale. c. Command of an armed force. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military service > [noun] > leading or commanding leadingc1400 governailc1425 magistration1490 conducting1517 manred1528 conduct1530 manrentc1540 conduction1551 commandment1592 command1594 commandery1598 captaincy1850 officering1890 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 701 (MED) Heneus..þe þre & twenty [battalion] had in gouernaille. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) v. 709 (MED) Pallamydes..hadde also of al þe Grekis host..whilom gouernaille. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) v. l. 816 He..til hym commendit hail Off his gret ost þe governaille [a1530 Royal governale]. d. A community governed, a state. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > [noun] ordinance?a1400 governance1402 policy?a1439 regimentc1475 frame1529 statea1538 government1553 estate1559 platform1587 polity1590 governail1598 regimen1663 constitution1735 regime1792 system1806 party government1834 1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. v. 37 Thousands beene in euery gouernall, That liue by losse, and rise by others fall. 3. System of treatment, care, or management; spec. regimen designed to promote good health.In quot. a1400², a regimen of this kind. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > [noun] governaila1400 husbanding?1440 nursing?1533 culture1580 cultivation1637 elevation1658 growth1663 rearing1693 growing1889 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 80 Þe quantitees of humouris schulden be temperid wiþ blood-letynge & purgaciouns & with good gouernaile. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 95 (MED) Þat þe pacient vse a good governaile: as drinke good wiyn..& he may ete good fleisch. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxiiij/2 Soo she [sc. the moon] bee in the .ij. or iij. quartir the gouernaile of thes plantis is dowblyng of beryng of frute. ?1541 R. Copland Formularye Aydes Apostemes in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens sig. Riv The gouernall accomplysshynge the entencyon after the vlceracyon is to drye the rottennesse. 4. Conduct, behaviour. Also: good conduct; self-control, discretion. Cf. government n. 3a. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] tightc888 workOE laitsc1225 rule?c1225 guise1303 conditionsc1374 actiona1393 governancea1393 governailc1425 port?a1439 fashion1447 dressa1450 governinga1450 walkingc1450 abearing?1454 deport1474 behaving1482 dealing1484 guidinga1500 demeanoura1513 behaviour?1521 walk?1567 daps1582 courses1592 deportment1601 behave?1615 deportation1616 containment1619 conduct1673 haviour1752 daddyism1984 the mind > emotion > calmness > self-possession or self-control > [noun] repressiona1413 governailc1425 willc1480 self-rule1532 coldness1548 stay1556 presentness of mind1598 coolness1607 cold blooda1609 temper1611 self-discipline1612 retention?1615 presence of mind?1624 self-governance1630 retentiveness1641 self-command1651 self-mastery1652 self-control1653 self-direction1653 self-restraint1656 self-possession1665 possessednessa1698 self-regulation1698 possession1703 retenue1747 sang-froid1750 self-collection1761 render1768 self-collectedness1805 self-repression1821 self-containedness1835 unimpulsiveness1860 cool-headedness1881 sophrosyne1889 cool1964 the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > prescribed rule of conduct wayOE rulea1387 lorec1400 governailc1425 c1425 Treat. Ten Commandments in Stud. Philol. (1910) 6 10 Þese been undiscret & unreasonabul, & not wys in gouernayle. a1500 Partenay (Trin. Cambr.) l. 844 Ye take A wif vnknow what is sche, Neither haue knewlich of hir gouernail, Ne of hir kinrede. 1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 67 His ire excede[d] his wytte and gouernall. 1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. vi. 48 The fashions of their liues and Gouernals. II. Uses related to the rudder of a ship. 5. The rudder of a ship or balloon. Also occasionally: the use of the rudder; steering, piloting. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > steering > [noun] steeringc1220 governailc1384 steeragec1450 con1812 society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > steering equipment > [noun] > rudder ruddereOE governailc1384 steerer1398 gubernaclec1425 timon1511 wooden bridle1614 main-piece1850 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Royal) (1850) James iii. 4 Shippes..ben born aboute of a litel gouernayle [L. gubernaculo]. c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 93 The gouernayle which is with inne ledeth it. c1450 (c1400) Bk. Vices & Virtues (Huntington) (1942) 126 (MED) Þe synful..fareþ as he þat is in a schip alone in þe see, and slepeþ and leteþ þe schip drenche for defaute of gouernaile. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 151 His gouernaile brack in more thenne a thousand pieces. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. ccxxij^v/2 Thenne they recited to her the myracle..how they were comen wythout ony gouernayle of the shippe. 1561 R. Eden tr. M. Cortés Arte Nauigation Epistle sig. A iii^v Tipho fyrst founde the gouernall or rudder. 1602 J. Colville Parænese 9 Vithout the gouuernall the schip can not be veill gouernit. 1786 J. Jeffries Narr. Two Aerial Voy. 45 Still descending, we cast away the other wing, and then the governail [of a balloon]. 1914 E. P. Buffet Layman Revato vi. 44/2 Grasp hold on the governail! Cast loose the bow-line! Trim her to windward! This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1382
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