antimonyn.

/ˈæntɪmənɪ/

Etymology: < medieval Latin antimōnium, of unknown origin, used by Constantinus Africanus of Salerno (Chaucer's ‘cursed monk, daun Constantyn,’ Merch. T. 566), in end of 11th cent., whence also in all the mod. languages. Probably, like other terms of alchemy, a corruption of some Arabic word, refashioned so as to wear a Greek or Latin aspect—perhaps, as has been suggested, of the Arabic name uṯmud, aṯmad, itself, latinized as athimodium, atimodium, atimonium, antimonium. The earlier form of the Arabic is iṯmid, in which Littré suggests an adaptation (quasi isthimmid) of Greek στίμμιδα variant of στίμμι, whence also Latin stibium. If this conjecture be substantiated, antimonium and stibium will be transformations of the same word. ‘Popular etymology’ has analyzed French antimoine as ἀντί + moine against the monks (‘monks'-bane’), and, as usual in such cases, supported the derivation by an idle tale (see Johnson), making the name originate (more than 400 years too late) with the chemist Basil Valentine, in end of 15th cent.

1. One of the elementary bodies, a brittle metallic substance, of bright bluish white colour and flaky crystalline texture. Its metallic characteristics are less pronounced than those of the metals generally; and it forms the fourth member of the natural series nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and some others, which are in different combinations triads and pentads. Symbol Sb (Stibium).

a. Alchemy and Pharmacol. Originally applied to the native trisulphide (called also gray antimony, or Stibnite; or when calcined and powdered, crude or black antimony), the στίμμι, στίβι, πλατυόϕθαλ-μον, stibium of the ancients, and al-koḥ'l of the Arabs, used to stain the eyelids (see alcohol n.); the antimonium, proteus, leo ruber, plumbum nigrum, lupus metallorum of the alchemists. butter of antimony, an old name of the trichloride, ‘a translucent fatty mass’; crocus of antimony, an impure sulphide of antimony and sodium, formed as a scoria in smelting antimony; flowers of antimony, crystals of the trioxide formed when the metal is sublimed; glass of antimony, an oxy-sulphide fused; saffron of antimony = red antimony n. at sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > antimony > [noun]

antimony1477

regulus1594

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [noun] > antimony

antimony1477

1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy in Ashm. 1652 iii. 39 Is Antimony, Arsenick, Honey, Wax and Wine.

1585 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Health (new ed.) D ij, A lyke vertue hath Antimonium, receyuyd wyth water.

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. xiii. 58 From this tree of Saturne springeth antimony, as the first branch of the stock which the phylosophers cal their magnesia.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 53 Stibium or glasse of Antimony, appears somewhat red in glasse, but in its powder yellow.

1689 Gazophylacium Anglicanum sig. B5^v, Antimony, a famous Mineral amongst Chymists..It certainly comes from the Arab Atimad, signifying the same.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Antimony is what we properly call a Semi-Metal; being a Fossil Glebe, composed of some undertermined Metal, combined with a sulphurous and stony Substance... Sometimes there are Veins of a red or golden Colour intermixed, which is called Male Antimony; that without 'em being denominated Female.

b. Chem. The simple element. (Called by earlier chemists regulus of antimony.)

ΚΠ

1788 G. S. Howard New Royal Encycl. 133 Pure regulus of antimony is a bright semi-metal resembling tin or dusky silver. It is one of the lightest of the metallic bodies.

1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 400 Basil Valentine is the first chemist who has described the process of extracting antimony from the sulphuret, though it does not appear that he was the inventor of this process.

1866 J. Ruskin Ethics of Dust 77 Sulphide of antimony..looks like mere purple wool, but it is all of purple needle crystals.

1875 A. Ure Dict. Arts I. 196 Native Antimony is a mineral of a tin-white colour and streak, and of a metallic lustre.

1879 Academy 27 Dec. 467 [Wurtz] asserts that although antimony is usually regarded as a metal, it must, in a true chemical classification, find its place by the side of arsenic, phosphorus, and nitrogen.

2. with qualifications: arsenical antimony n. the mineral Allemontite. gray antimony n. the native sulphide of antimony, called as a mineral Stibnite or Antimonite. red antimony n. the mineral Kermesite, a compound of the oxide and sulphide. white antimony n. antimony trioxide, the mineral Valentinite. sulphurated antimony n. the sulphide with a small admixture of the oxide, used in medicine. tartarated antimony n. tartar emetic.

Compounds

C1. attrib., as in antimony oxide, antimony sulphide, antimony ores, etc.

ΚΠ

1860 G. W. S. Piesse Lab. Chem. Wonders 80 The antimony mines are chiefly in Hungary, Transylvania and Germany.

C2.

antimony blende n. = red antimony.

antimony bloom n. = white antimony.

antimony glance n. = gray antimony (see 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > ore > [noun] > metal ore > antimony ore

stibine1843

stibnite1854

antimony glance1875

the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > [noun] > stibnite group > antimony trisulphide

kermes1753

stibine1843

stibnite1854

antimonite1868

antimony glance1875

1875 A. Ure Dict. Arts I. 195 Antimony Glance..sometimes occurs compact, but usually in very long prismatic or acicular crystals, or in a fibrous form.

antimony ochre n. the mineral Cervantite.

ΚΠ

1863 H. Watts Dict. Chem. I. 311 Antimony is found in combination with oxygen, viz. as trioxide, in the form of antimony bloom, white antimony, or Valentinite, Sb₂O₃, and as tetroxide, antimony ochre or Cervantite, Sb₂O₄.

antimony vermilion n. a red pigment precipitated from an antimonial solution.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2011).

单词	antimony
释义	antimonyn. /ˈæntɪmənɪ/ Etymology: < medieval Latin antimōnium, of unknown origin, used by Constantinus Africanus of Salerno (Chaucer's ‘cursed monk, daun Constantyn,’ Merch. T. 566), in end of 11th cent., whence also in all the mod. languages. Probably, like other terms of alchemy, a corruption of some Arabic word, refashioned so as to wear a Greek or Latin aspect—perhaps, as has been suggested, of the Arabic name uṯmud, aṯmad, itself, latinized as athimodium, atimodium, atimonium, antimonium. The earlier form of the Arabic is iṯmid, in which Littré suggests an adaptation (quasi isthimmid) of Greek στίμμιδα variant of στίμμι, whence also Latin stibium. If this conjecture be substantiated, antimonium and stibium will be transformations of the same word. ‘Popular etymology’ has analyzed French antimoine as ἀντί + moine against the monks (‘monks'-bane’), and, as usual in such cases, supported the derivation by an idle tale (see Johnson), making the name originate (more than 400 years too late) with the chemist Basil Valentine, in end of 15th cent. 1. One of the elementary bodies, a brittle metallic substance, of bright bluish white colour and flaky crystalline texture. Its metallic characteristics are less pronounced than those of the metals generally; and it forms the fourth member of the natural series nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, and some others, which are in different combinations triads and pentads. Symbol Sb (Stibium). a. Alchemy and Pharmacol. Originally applied to the native trisulphide (called also gray antimony, or Stibnite; or when calcined and powdered, crude or black antimony), the στίμμι, στίβι, πλατυόϕθαλ-μον, stibium of the ancients, and al-koḥ'l of the Arabs, used to stain the eyelids (see alcohol n.); the antimonium, proteus, leo ruber, plumbum nigrum, lupus metallorum of the alchemists. butter of antimony, an old name of the trichloride, ‘a translucent fatty mass’; crocus of antimony, an impure sulphide of antimony and sodium, formed as a scoria in smelting antimony; flowers of antimony, crystals of the trioxide formed when the metal is sublimed; glass of antimony, an oxy-sulphide fused; saffron of antimony = red antimony n. at sense 2. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > antimony > [noun] antimony1477 regulus1594 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [noun] > antimony antimony1477 1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy in Ashm. 1652 iii. 39 Is Antimony, Arsenick, Honey, Wax and Wine. 1585 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Health (new ed.) D ij, A lyke vertue hath Antimonium, receyuyd wyth water. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. xiii. 58 From this tree of Saturne springeth antimony, as the first branch of the stock which the phylosophers cal their magnesia. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 53 Stibium or glasse of Antimony, appears somewhat red in glasse, but in its powder yellow. View more context for this quotation 1689 Gazophylacium Anglicanum sig. B5^v, Antimony, a famous Mineral amongst Chymists..It certainly comes from the Arab Atimad, signifying the same. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Antimony is what we properly call a Semi-Metal; being a Fossil Glebe, composed of some undertermined Metal, combined with a sulphurous and stony Substance... Sometimes there are Veins of a red or golden Colour intermixed, which is called Male Antimony; that without 'em being denominated Female. b. Chem. The simple element. (Called by earlier chemists regulus of antimony.) ΚΠ 1788 G. S. Howard New Royal Encycl. 133 Pure regulus of antimony is a bright semi-metal resembling tin or dusky silver. It is one of the lightest of the metallic bodies. 1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 400 Basil Valentine is the first chemist who has described the process of extracting antimony from the sulphuret, though it does not appear that he was the inventor of this process. 1866 J. Ruskin Ethics of Dust 77 Sulphide of antimony..looks like mere purple wool, but it is all of purple needle crystals. 1875 A. Ure Dict. Arts I. 196 Native Antimony is a mineral of a tin-white colour and streak, and of a metallic lustre. 1879 Academy 27 Dec. 467 [Wurtz] asserts that although antimony is usually regarded as a metal, it must, in a true chemical classification, find its place by the side of arsenic, phosphorus, and nitrogen. 2. with qualifications: arsenical antimony n. the mineral Allemontite. gray antimony n. the native sulphide of antimony, called as a mineral Stibnite or Antimonite. red antimony n. the mineral Kermesite, a compound of the oxide and sulphide. white antimony n. antimony trioxide, the mineral Valentinite. sulphurated antimony n. the sulphide with a small admixture of the oxide, used in medicine. tartarated antimony n. tartar emetic. Compounds C1. attrib., as in antimony oxide, antimony sulphide, antimony ores, etc. ΚΠ 1860 G. W. S. Piesse Lab. Chem. Wonders 80 The antimony mines are chiefly in Hungary, Transylvania and Germany. C2. antimony blende n. = red antimony. antimony bloom n. = white antimony. antimony glance n. = gray antimony (see 2). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > ore > [noun] > metal ore > antimony ore stibine1843 stibnite1854 antimony glance1875 the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > [noun] > stibnite group > antimony trisulphide kermes1753 stibine1843 stibnite1854 antimonite1868 antimony glance1875 1875 A. Ure Dict. Arts I. 195 Antimony Glance..sometimes occurs compact, but usually in very long prismatic or acicular crystals, or in a fibrous form. antimony ochre n. the mineral Cervantite. ΚΠ 1863 H. Watts Dict. Chem. I. 311 Antimony is found in combination with oxygen, viz. as trioxide, in the form of antimony bloom, white antimony, or Valentinite, Sb₂O₃, and as tetroxide, antimony ochre or Cervantite, Sb₂O₄. antimony vermilion n. a red pigment precipitated from an antimonial solution. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2011). < n.1477
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