good livern.

Brit.

/ˌɡʊd ˈlɪvə/, U.S.

/ˈɡʊd ˈˌlɪvər/

Forms: see good adj., n., adv., and int. and liver n.²; also U.S. regional 1900s– good liber (in African-American usage).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: good adj., liver n.²

Etymology: < good adj. + liver n.²With sense 3 compare bon-vivant n. at bon adj. i and its etymon French bon vivant , and also earlier bon viveur n. at bon adj. j.

1. A person who lives righteously, a virtuous person. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > [noun] > righteous person

righteouseOE

rightfula1400

good livera1450

well-doer1491

rectitudinarian1671

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxvi. l. 52 (MED) To An hygh good levere sche drowh here vnto.

1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. A.vi^v He [sc. God] semeth to be more indulgent and fauourable vnto y^e wycked persone then vnto the good lyuer.

1559 W. Bavand tr. J. Ferrarius Common Weale i. i. 2 He maie by studie compasse, bothe honestie and vertue, get the name of a good liuer.

1632 H. Harflete Hunting of Fox 56 Suppose a man hath beene a notorious Drunkard..; yet at his Funeralls, and death, hee shall bee praised for a very good liver.

1692 D. Jones Serm. Absolute Necessity of Family-duties 14 I am presently aware of a Middling sort of Men, who are neither notorious ill Livers, nor notorious good Livers.

1701 Heaven-drivers 9 A pious Gang of those good Livers, Call'd by the Wicked Heaven-Drivers, Enters the Room in a full Body.

1767 T. Hutchinson Hist. Province Massachusets-Bay, 1691–1750 i. 18 A grave man and a good liver.

1821 Christian Observer Jan. 151 The idolatrous heathen performed their worship with trouble and terror; but a Christian and a good liver, with a merry heart.

1826 Proc. Old Bailey 26 Oct. 782/2 My wife is a good manager, a good liver, and a good provider, but our tempers did not agree.

2009 T. A. Green African-American Folk Tales 102 They were mighty good livers; poor, industrious people.

2. regional. A wealthy or well-to-do person.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > wealth > [noun] > rich or wealthy person

rich manOE

richOE

Divesc1386

richlingc1445

stuffed manc1460

cob1548

wealthling1581

tercel-gentle1597

good liver1602

goldfinch1603

fill-sack1641

dorado1643

wealth-monger1654

a man, etc. of fortune1732

nabob1760

nawab1826

rico1844

abounder1876

high roller1876

fat cat1928

richie1954

wealth-holder1957

jet-setter1959

1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 68^v The haruest dinners are held by euery wealthy man, or as wee terme it, euery good liuer, betweene Michaelmas and Candlemas.

1765 J. Bartram Diary 28 Aug. in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. (1942) 33 21/1 In Charls town all good livers has what thay call muschata curtains or pavilions some is silk some linen silk grass or Gaws.

1791 N. Webster Prompter 91 Miss Smart, is not a lady of fortune, but her father is a good liver—he has a good estate.

1837 D. Hoffman Misc. Thoughts on Men, Manners, & Things xi. 306 The four peculiar favourites of fortune already mentioned, soon became classed among the good livers of our country.

1840 Missionary Herald (Boston) Sept. 365/1 I asked who among them were called good livers? She replied, ‘Those who have cheese to eat with their bread’.

1958 J. M. Brewer Dog Ghosts 121 Dis heah tale's 'bout Miz Charles Brown,..what come to be a good liber on 'count of her husban' done been killed in de Numbuh One Worl' War, an' leave her a ten thousan' dolluh insu'ance pol'cy.

a1959 B. L. Lunsford in A. W. Beard Personal Folksong Coll. Bascom Lamar Lunsford (M.A. thesis) (1959) 16 Summers was a ‘good liver’—had ‘plenty about his house’. He had an elegant home and it was well-furnished.

3. A person who has a sociable and luxurious lifestyle, especially with regard to food and drink; a bon vivant. Cf. high-liver n. (a) at high adj. and n.² Compounds 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [noun] > sensualist

epicureana1450

fleshling1548

epicure?1551

carnalite1573

sensualist1604

akolast1606

voluptuarya1610

pleasure-monger1616

voluptary1616

carnalist1621

akolastic1623

woman of pleasure1623

pleasurista1682

luxurist1690

good liver1784

sensuist1840

liver1849

voluptuarian1879

1784 Town & Country Mag. Nov. 562 A Bon Vivant may be a very good Liver, according to his Notion of Things, but we doubt very much his being a pleasant Fellow.

1796 Oxf. Mag. Nov. 177/1 No nation in the world is more fond of eating and liberty, than the English... A good liver is the last man in the world that will submit to be made a slave.

1883 Cornhill Mag. Apr. 459 Or it is a group of good-livers round the table of a private house.

1891 D. O'Connell Inner Man (2008) ii. 17 Its lunches,..though most moderate in price, are held in high esteem by the good livers of this city.

2007 S. Jones in I. Conrich & S. Murray NZ Fimmakers x. 177 Car-dealer Dick..and his wife Dinah..provide glamour, a bit of slapstick, and the heartwarming reconciliation of two good-livers meant for each other.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	good liver
释义	good livern. Brit. /ˌɡʊd ˈlɪvə/, U.S. /ˈɡʊd ˈˌlɪvər/ Forms: see good adj., n., adv., and int. and liver n.²; also U.S. regional 1900s– good liber (in African-American usage). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: good adj., liver n.² Etymology: < good adj. + liver n.²With sense 3 compare bon-vivant n. at bon adj. i and its etymon French bon vivant , and also earlier bon viveur n. at bon adj. j. 1. A person who lives righteously, a virtuous person. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > [noun] > righteous person righteouseOE rightfula1400 good livera1450 well-doer1491 rectitudinarian1671 a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxvi. l. 52 (MED) To An hygh good levere sche drowh here vnto. 1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. A.vi^v He [sc. God] semeth to be more indulgent and fauourable vnto y^e wycked persone then vnto the good lyuer. 1559 W. Bavand tr. J. Ferrarius Common Weale i. i. 2 He maie by studie compasse, bothe honestie and vertue, get the name of a good liuer. 1632 H. Harflete Hunting of Fox 56 Suppose a man hath beene a notorious Drunkard..; yet at his Funeralls, and death, hee shall bee praised for a very good liver. 1692 D. Jones Serm. Absolute Necessity of Family-duties 14 I am presently aware of a Middling sort of Men, who are neither notorious ill Livers, nor notorious good Livers. 1701 Heaven-drivers 9 A pious Gang of those good Livers, Call'd by the Wicked Heaven-Drivers, Enters the Room in a full Body. 1767 T. Hutchinson Hist. Province Massachusets-Bay, 1691–1750 i. 18 A grave man and a good liver. 1821 Christian Observer Jan. 151 The idolatrous heathen performed their worship with trouble and terror; but a Christian and a good liver, with a merry heart. 1826 Proc. Old Bailey 26 Oct. 782/2 My wife is a good manager, a good liver, and a good provider, but our tempers did not agree. 2009 T. A. Green African-American Folk Tales 102 They were mighty good livers; poor, industrious people. 2. regional. A wealthy or well-to-do person. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > wealth > [noun] > rich or wealthy person rich manOE richOE Divesc1386 richlingc1445 stuffed manc1460 cob1548 wealthling1581 tercel-gentle1597 good liver1602 goldfinch1603 fill-sack1641 dorado1643 wealth-monger1654 a man, etc. of fortune1732 nabob1760 nawab1826 rico1844 abounder1876 high roller1876 fat cat1928 richie1954 wealth-holder1957 jet-setter1959 1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 68^v The haruest dinners are held by euery wealthy man, or as wee terme it, euery good liuer, betweene Michaelmas and Candlemas. 1765 J. Bartram Diary 28 Aug. in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. (1942) 33 21/1 In Charls town all good livers has what thay call muschata curtains or pavilions some is silk some linen silk grass or Gaws. 1791 N. Webster Prompter 91 Miss Smart, is not a lady of fortune, but her father is a good liver—he has a good estate. 1837 D. Hoffman Misc. Thoughts on Men, Manners, & Things xi. 306 The four peculiar favourites of fortune already mentioned, soon became classed among the good livers of our country. 1840 Missionary Herald (Boston) Sept. 365/1 I asked who among them were called good livers? She replied, ‘Those who have cheese to eat with their bread’. 1958 J. M. Brewer Dog Ghosts 121 Dis heah tale's 'bout Miz Charles Brown,..what come to be a good liber on 'count of her husban' done been killed in de Numbuh One Worl' War, an' leave her a ten thousan' dolluh insu'ance pol'cy. a1959 B. L. Lunsford in A. W. Beard Personal Folksong Coll. Bascom Lamar Lunsford (M.A. thesis) (1959) 16 Summers was a ‘good liver’—had ‘plenty about his house’. He had an elegant home and it was well-furnished. 3. A person who has a sociable and luxurious lifestyle, especially with regard to food and drink; a bon vivant. Cf. high-liver n. (a) at high adj. and n.² Compounds 4. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [noun] > sensualist epicureana1450 fleshling1548 epicure?1551 carnalite1573 sensualist1604 akolast1606 voluptuarya1610 pleasure-monger1616 voluptary1616 carnalist1621 akolastic1623 woman of pleasure1623 pleasurista1682 luxurist1690 good liver1784 sensuist1840 liver1849 voluptuarian1879 1784 Town & Country Mag. Nov. 562 A Bon Vivant may be a very good Liver, according to his Notion of Things, but we doubt very much his being a pleasant Fellow. 1796 Oxf. Mag. Nov. 177/1 No nation in the world is more fond of eating and liberty, than the English... A good liver is the last man in the world that will submit to be made a slave. 1883 Cornhill Mag. Apr. 459 Or it is a group of good-livers round the table of a private house. 1891 D. O'Connell Inner Man (2008) ii. 17 Its lunches,..though most moderate in price, are held in high esteem by the good livers of this city. 2007 S. Jones in I. Conrich & S. Murray NZ Fimmakers x. 177 Car-dealer Dick..and his wife Dinah..provide glamour, a bit of slapstick, and the heartwarming reconciliation of two good-livers meant for each other. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1450
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