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单词 governor
释义

governorn.

Brit. /ˈɡʌv(ə)nə/, /ˈɡʌvn̩ə/, U.S. /ˈɡəv(ə)nər/, /ˈɡəvərnər/
Forms:

α. Middle English couernour, Middle English couernoure, Middle English gouernowre, Middle English gouernur, Middle English gounour, Middle English gouvernour, Middle English guuernere, Middle English guuernour, Middle English 1600s governore, Middle English–1500s gouernere, Middle English–1500s governowre, Middle English–1600s gouerner, Middle English–1600s gouernor, Middle English–1600s gouernour, Middle English–1600s gouernoure, Middle English–1600s governoure, Middle English–1800s governour (archaic in later use), Middle English– governer (now nonstandard), Middle English– governor, 1600s guwornor; also Scottish pre-1700 gouernowr, pre-1700 gouuernour, pre-1700 gouverneur, pre-1700 governyoure, pre-1700 gowernour.

β. Middle English gubernour.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French governor.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman governor, governour, governur, gouvernour, guvernur, governer, guverner, Anglo-Norman and Middle French gouverneur (French gouverneur ) personal protector or guardian (a1140 in Old French as gouverneres ), ruler (c1150; frequently in specific sense ‘supreme ruler, monarch’ or in extended use with reference to God, Christ, or a pagan god), military leader (c1165), director, manager (late 12th cent., originally with reference to a Church official), official appointed to govern a territory or town on behalf of a higher authority (end of the 12th cent.), steersman, pilot (end of the 13th cent. or earlier), tutor (1352), official controller of commerce (1360 or earlier), officer in command of a castle, fortress, or garrison (late 14th cent. or earlier) < classical Latin gubernātor steersman, pilot, person who directs or controls, in post-classical Latin also used of God (6th cent.) < gubernāt- , past participial stem of gubernāre govern v. + -or -or suffix.Compare Old Occitan governador , Catalan governador (13th cent.), Spanish gobernador (first half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese governador (14th cent.), Italian governatore (early 14th cent.); also ( < French) Middle Dutch gouvernēre , gouverneur (Dutch gouverneur ), Middle Low German gubernēr , German Gouverneur (1444 as goiverniere in an isolated attestation in a text from the Rhineland, subsequently from the end of the 16th cent.). Form history. With the forms in -er , -ere , compare Anglo-Norman governer , guverner , and (in later use) -er suffix1. The β. forms show remodelling after classical Latin gubernāre govern v. and gubernātor; compare gubernator n.
1.
a. A person responsible for governing a society, institution, etc.: a director, a manager.Now chiefly as an official title, sometimes applied only to the head of an institution (as in the Bank of England), sometimes to every member of a governing body (as in many schools, charities, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > one who presides > over an institution or society
governora1325
principalc1325
master1389
warden1575
president1664
prime minister1694
premier1784
a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) vii. 34 To men of religion, to erchebissopes, bissopes, erchedeknen, guuernours of churchene, ant oþer persons of holi churche.
1427 in J. B. Heath Some Acct. Worshipful Company of Grocers (1869) 4 John de Wellys, Alderman and gouernour.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. xxii. C Go in to the treasury vnto Sobna the gouernoure, and saye [etc.].
?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau Theatrum Mundi sig. H viij b The rector or governor of one onlye Churche or congregation.
1577 M. Hanmer tr. Evagrius Scholasticus v. vi, in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. 493 Gouernour of the monasterye in Constantinople.
1607 Statutes in M. H. Peacock Hist. Free Gram. School Wakefield (1892) 68 The usher being convented by the Governours and admonished.
1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World xix. 525 Withal I think it worth the care of the Owners or Governours of the Factory..to lay Pipes to convey the Fountain Water to the shore.
1721 J. Strype Eccl. Memorials II. ii. xiv. 362 The Governour of the Hospital of Christ's-Church in London.
1792 Times 25 Aug. 1/3 To the Governors of the Universal Medical Institution.
1884 J. Payn Some Lit. Recoll. 42 It came under the notice of the Governor of Woolwich Academy.
1942 Fortune Nov. 133/2 He sits on the Bank of England's austere directorate with Governor Montagu Norman.
2011 A. Hollinghurst Stranger's Child iii. 231 ‘Now as you know I've talked to the Governors about this. and they don't think it's desirable,’ said the Headmaster rather shiftily.
b. British. An official who holds executive authority as head of a prison. More fully prison governor.See also warden n.1 12, now the more common term outside the UK and Ireland.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prisoner > [noun] > official in charge of prison
wardenc1330
governor1753
housemaster1931
ham and beef1941
1753 True Narr. Sufferings O. Thorne 14 The governor Mr. Wiseman..is a humane, good-natured man (a character that not one in a hundred in that station has the least pretext to).
1807 R. Southey Lett. from Eng. II. xxxix. 162 Of late years the office of jailor has become of considerable importance, and ennobled by the title of Governor.
1864 C. M. Yonge Trial II. vii. 137 Mr. Ernescliffe sent in his card at the governor's house... They were told that the prisoner they wished to see was at work.
1897 O. Wilde Let. 1 Apr. (1962) 514 Of the many, many things for which I have to thank the Governor there is none for which I am more grateful than for his permission to write fully to A[lfred] D[ouglas].
1965 T. Parker Plough Boy iii. i. 196 Then the governor come in..rabbiting..about ‘respite’ or ‘reprieve’ or something like that.
1994 N. Parker Parkhurst Tales iv. 45 The following morning, Barry had appeared on adjudication before the governor, charged with assaulting a screw.
2.
a. A personal guide or protector; a guardian, a keeper. Also figurative.In early use often designating God or another divine being.In quot. a1393: a patron god (cf. governess n. 1a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > one who looks after > protector or patron
fathereOE
mundOE
governor1340
protectorc1390
feedera1400
patronc1400
taker-upa1425
fautora1464
provisora1475
vower1488
presidenta1522
parent1526
guardiant1618
big brother1837
avoué1851
fanger-
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 100 He [sc. God] is diȝtere and gouernour and porueyour to his mayne, an nameliche of his children, þet is, of man.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 126 Be þise uour uirtues ydo is þe man worþi þet he by gouernour uerst of him-zelue, and efterward of oþren.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 1016 He [sc. Pan] was the chief of governours Of hem that kepten tame bestes.
c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 1713 His nexte by-syb cosyn Beeþ Jubiter and Appolyn, Gouernoures of lewed and lered.
a1425 (?c1350) Ywain & Gawain (1964) l. 1222 Wemen may maintene no stowre; Þai..most nedes have a governowre.
1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Pref. Ye haly spreit, quhilk is ane daily techeour & gouernour of ye hail vniuersal kirk.
1867 Good Words Feb. 132/2 The parent is made known to the child, not merely as a benefactor, but as a moral governor.
1932 A. C. McGiffert Hist. Christian Thought I. xii. 238 As creator and governor God is called Father, as redeemer he is called Son, as regenerator and sanctifier he is called Holy Spirit.
2000 M. de Villiers Water (new ed.) i. iii. 51 The Sumerian god Aspu was the governor of the Sweet Waters.
b. A man placed in charge of a young man's education; a tutor, esp. of a young nobleman or prince. Cf. governess n. 2c. historical in later use.
ΘΚΠ
society > education > teaching > teacher > [noun] > professional teacher > tutor
tutor1398
creancer?1478
governor1485
schoolmaster?1500
under-tutor1699
tutorer1824
coach1848
1485 Croniclis of Englonde (St. Albans) iii. sig. ei This man for grace and trist that he had to Tarquinus Priscus made hym the gouernour of his chylder, & ayres.
?1545 H. Rhodes Bk. Nurture sig. A And thus by the chylde ye shall perceyue the dysposycyon of the gouernour.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) i. i. 171 To Eltam will I, where the young King is, Being ordayn'd his speciall Gouernor.
1638 H. Wotton in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. (1880) 53 Attending the young Lord S. as his governor.
1654 E. Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 146 I will..recommend unto his Majesty care the placing some such Governor over the Duke of Gloucester as may understand the moralls of a Prince; and I pray beleeve it is 3 weekes very strict observance that makes me see the difference betwixt a schoolemaster and a Governor.
1692 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §94 The great Work of a Governour is to fashion the Carriage and form the Mind.
1752 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 27 May (1932) (modernized text) V. 1885 Others..are sent abroad in servitude to some awkward, pedantic, Scotch governor.
1788 New London Mag. 153 Mr. Hobbs..travelled with him as his governor into France.
1806 M. Wilmot Let. 13 Dec. in M. Wilmot & C. Wilmot Russ. Jrnls. (1934) iii. 274 There is scarcely a Home where a Governor for the Boys or a governante for the girls is not to be found.
1901 H. S. Edwards tr. F. Funck-Brentano Diamond Necklace iv. 28 He had..six pages.., with a governor to teach fencing.
2007 K. M. Woods in K. M. Woods et al. Viewing Renaissance Art III. 15/1 Although Lieutenant General and a former personal governor and tutor of Henry VI.., Beauchamp was only the Earl of Warwick.
3. A military leader; esp. the commander of an armed force. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun]
heretogac900
marshal1258
chevetaine1297
chieftainc1330
arrayerc1370
governora1382
master of (the) chivalrya1382
leadera1387
war-headlinga1400
emperorc1400
captain1450
conductor1483
grand captain1531
commendador1580
lodesman1581
conducta1592
commander1598
induperator1599
war-captain1610
war-chief1610
war-leader1610
most mastera1616
commandant1687
commandant-general1827
baron1919
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1961) Num. xxxi. 14 Moises wrooþ to þe pryncys of þe hoost leders of þousondys & gouernors of hundredys [L. centurionibus].
a1400 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Egerton) (1927) l. 1025 (MED) Agam..shal with muche honoure Be oure alþer gouernoure.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 225 ‘Wher is,’ he sayd, ‘Þe gouernour of þis gyng?’
c1430 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1879) l. 1060 His meyne That hadde founde here lord here gouernour.
a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 326 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 105 Goiss halkis war governouris of ye gret oist.
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 75 Agamynon the gouernour.
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Jvj They elected a new gouernoure of theyr nauie.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1623) ii. i. 56 My hopes do shape him for the Gouernor.
1712 E. Bysshe tr. Xenophon Memorable Things Socrates v. 200 If the Governour of the Troops take care so to defend the Country, that the Peasants might go on with their Work, [etc.]
1830 J. McHenry Betrothed of Wyoming xiv. 173 Every disposition that judgment and zeal could suggest towards an effective defence was adopted by the Governor.
4. A person who controls the direction of a ship; a steersman, a pilot. Also occasionally: a captain (cf. sense 1a). archaic and rare in later use.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > sailors involved in specific duties or activities > [noun] > helmsman or pilot
lodemanc1000
steermanc1000
steersmanc1000
rudderOE
governorc1384
lodesmanc1385
shipmasterc1440
pilot1481
steersmatea1575
sternman1582
steerer1585
helmsman1622
piloteer1650
conder1693
timoneer1762
sea-conny1801
boat-setter1814
manjee1829
wheelman1865
throttle jockey1946
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xxvii. 11 Sothli centurioun bileuede more to the gouernour [L. gubernatori], and to the lord of the schipp, than to..Poul.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 153 (MED) Of Helianore schip he was hir gouernour.
c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 108 I am thilke that maketh the gouernour slepe amiddes the ship..whan he hath lost other broken the steerne.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Rev. xviii. 17 Every shippe governer, and all they that occupied shippes.
?c1535 L. Cox Arte Rhethorycke (new ed.) sig. Eviiv Of the whiche vessell the one man was both owner and gouernour.
1611 Bible (King James) James iii. 4 Yet are they [sc. ships] turned about with a very small helme, whithersoeuer the gouernour listeth. View more context for this quotation
1658 E. Phillips Myst. Love & Eloquence 254 In a ship the sea-men, some scale the masts, some run in at the doors, some draw water, the governor holdeth the rudder in the ship.
1820 C. Symmons tr. Virgil Æneis (ed. 2) I. v. 239 Gyas..To his ship's governor, Menœtes, cried: ‘Why, wandering to the right, thus steer'st thou wide!’
1847 J. F. Cooper Crater II. iv. 58 Just as the governor fancied that the ship was going clear, she struck aft.
1915 F. M. Gregg Founding of Nation I. 120 Master Carver, who was the ship's [sc. The Mayflower's] governor, was the central figure of the group.
2003 W. Lawton Almost Home (Electronic ed.) She remembered Master Martin, the ship's governor, making a joke later about a ‘pinch, well placed’.
5.
a. A person (originally and chiefly a man) who exercises direct authority over a people or a place; a ruler.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > [noun]
waldendeOE
prince?c1225
ordainerc1300
tyranta1340
prefecta1382
rulera1382
wieldera1382
corner of the people1382
lordshipperc1384
governora1393
moderatora1398
wieldinga1400
leader of lawsc1400
regent1415
governailc1440
dominatorc1450
reignera1464
regnanta1500
gubernator1522
despot1562
shepherd1577
swayer1598
Sophy1599
most mastera1616
Govr.1620
Gov.1630
archon1735
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 5133 At Rome whan that Apius..Was governour of the cite.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 166 (MED) Þe lond..þat þin ancessoure So wele kept biforn, als noble gouernoure.
c1450 (a1400) Libeaus Desconus (Calig. A.ii) (1969) l. 1525 ‘Ho ys yowre gouernowre?’ Þey seyde, ‘Kyng Artour.’
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour i. iii. sig. Bvv There can be no perfect publike weale, without one capital and soueraigne gouernour.
1544 Letanie in Exhort. vnto Prayer sig. Bvi Henry the .viii. thy seruaunt & our kyng and gouernour.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xviii. 94 The greatest pressure of Soveraign Governours, proceeded not from [etc.].
1695 Ld. Preston tr. Boethius Of Consol. Philos. iv. 186 When the Happiness of the Governours is in some measure diffused.
1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 17 Without the consent of their countrymen or governours.
1802 W. Wordsworth I grieved for Buonaparte in Morning Post & Gazetteer 16 Sept. 'Tis not in battles that from youth we train The Governor who must be wise and good.
1850 R. W. Emerson Napoleon in Representative Men vi. 228 History is full, down to this day, of the imbecility of kings and governors.
1910 L. F. Baum Emerald City of Oz vii. 72 I, my dear, am the acknowledged Queen and Governor of every chicken in Oz, because I'm the eldest and started the whole colony.
2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) i. 17 Part of the problem is that our governors see themselves as the good guys.
b. figurative and in personifications. A chief controller or determiner.
ΚΠ
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. v. ii. 169 Þe heed..is gouernour and reulere of alle þe body.
a1450 (c1386) G. Chaucer Legend Good Women (Tanner) (1879) Prol. l. 170 Welcome somer our gouernour and lorde.
a1513 H. Bradshaw Lyfe St. Werburge (1521) i. xxix. sig. k.iiv The day was gouernour, over the nyght.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Fiiv Grace, vnder god, is the chefe gouerner of mannes soule.
1644 K. Digby Two Treat. ii. iii. 383 Poetry, is not a gouernour of our Actions, but..it becometh an vsefull directour to vs.
1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. ii. 42 This Faculty was placed within us to be our proper Governour.
1806 T. Chevalier Treat. Gun-shot Wounds (ed. 3) 131 Let fact be the rule, the measure, and the absolute governor of our conduct.
1837 H. Gordon Present State Controv. Protestant & Rom. Catholic Churches 73 Reason..that noble instrument, the regulator and governor of life.
1925 E. Cole Sobriety vi. 101 Love is man's governor supreme.
2004 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 15 May d13/1 If accident rather than design is our governor, then history may be Marxian, but more Groucho than Karl.
c. Of God or another divine being.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun]
godeOE
deityc1374
higher powerc1384
princec1384
divinityc1386
governorc1400
powerc1425
numen1495
fear1535
heaven1554
godheada1586
godhood1586
landlorda1635
supreme1643
supercelestial1652
supernal1661
universality1681
father1820
unspeakable1843
Molimo1861
Mlimo1897
superperson1907
somebody up there1972
sky fairy1997
the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > [noun] > person of
persona1325
governorc1400
hypostasisa1529
hypostasy1551
subsistence1551
subsistency1577
inbeing1587
subsistent1650
personality1678
prosopon1842
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 199 Hatȝ þou, gome, no gouernour ne god on to calle.
a1450 York Plays (1885) 492 Jesu Criste, our gouernoure.
1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iii. 110 The Deity, or that perfect Mind which is the supreme Governour of all things.
1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes i. 18 Being given to them by God not as General Governor of the World..but [etc.].
1795 P. Newcome Hist. Abbey St Albans II. vii. 321 But how seldom was this worship paid to the supreme Power! to God our governor!
1809 J. Morse & E. Parish Compend. Hist. New Eng. (rev. ed.) xvi. 196 They [sc. the natives of New England] believed that once there was no sachem nor king, but Kichtan, who was the self existent creator of the Heavens and governor of mankind.
1817 A. Bonar Serm. II. x. 218 The infinitely wise moral Governor of the world.
1963 H. R. Niebuhr Responsible Self (1999) Introd. 27 God is our Governor and Judge—he manifests himself as order.
1996 S. Subramuniyaswami Loving Gaņeśa 292 Lord Gaņeśa was created as a governor and interplanetary, intergalactic Lord.
6.
a. An official appointed to govern a country, province, town, etc., on behalf of a higher authority; spec. a representative of the British Crown in a colony, dependency, or (later) Commonwealth nation which regards the monarch as the head of state.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > [noun]
grievec950
warden1297
presidenta1382
procuratora1382
governora1393
seneschalc1400
lieutenant1423
promissary?c1500
governator1522
provincial1590
ethnarch1602
state governor1608
proconsul1650
stadholder1704
superintendent1758
meridarch1866
prez.1919
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 2768 Whanne he made a governour..Of Province or of region.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 146 (MED) Þise were mayntenours, to sustene þe coroun, & rightfulle gouernours þe folk in feld & toun.
1442–3 in J. Raine Corr., Inventories, Acct. Rolls, & Law Proc. Priory of Coldingham (1841) 145 Till haff made..sir Alexandre Houme..oure bailye and gubernour of all oure lordshipp and lands of the house and barony of Coldinghame.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 2 Kings xxv. 23 The kynge of Babilon had made Godolias gouernoure.
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 10v Don Ferardo one of the chiefe gouernours of the citie.
1673 J. Ray Observ. Journey Low-countries 9 Brussels..where the Spanish Governour of these Provinces..usually resides.
1742 D. Hume Taxes in Ess. (1777) I. 368 The emperor..must allow all the bashaws and governors to oppress and abuse the subjects.
a1832 J. Mackintosh Rev. Lives Milton's Nephews in Wks. (1846) II. 505 While the grandson of Milton resided at Madras..it is somewhat remarkable that the elder brother of Addison should have been the Governor of that settlement.
1840 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VII. 5 Here [i.e. at Alexandria] he found reason to remove the governor whom he had left there.
1917 J. Cox Diary 28 June (MS, Alexander Turnbull Libr., Wellington, N.Z.) It is reported today that the Governor of N.Z. is to be a Governor General.
1972 Bulletin (Sydney) 21 Oct. 34/3 The roles of Queen Elizabeth's Australian representatives, the six governors and the governor-general, are threefold—constitutional, ceremonial and what has come to be described as charismatic.
2013 A. Baram in T. Dodge & S. Simon Iraq at Crossroads v. 104 Since the Gulf War, the regime's tendency has been to nominate ex-military men as governors.
b. The officer in command of a fortress or garrison. historical in later use.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > officer according to function > [noun] > commander of fortress or garrison
warden1297
alcaydec1503
governor1523
burgrave1551
stadholdera1626
Town Major1646
commandant1687
dizdar1768
killadar1778
kaïd1816
1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xlvii. f. xxxvi My brother..is gouernour of the castell and of the towne.
1663 J. Heath Flagellum 86 Stafford the Governour of the Castle basely betrayed it to Cromwell.
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. iv. 301 Sending an Order to the Governour of Portsmouth, that no body should be admitted into that town and fort.
?1783 S. Ancell Jrnl. Blockade & Siege Gibraltar 204 The King's Bastion is able to contain one thousand men.., and is of a noble construction, planned by General Boyde, when Governor of the garrison.
1837 King's Regul. & Ord. Army 23 To Governors, who have not Commissions as General Officers, all Guards within their Garrisons are to turn out with presented Arms, and beat one Ruffle.
1951 Life 5 Mar. 120 A fortress? The governor will show it to you, or, rather, politely conceal it from you.
2005 New Yorker 18 Apr. 84/3 We had already been to half a dozen of the country's five hundred forts, all somewhat of a piece: the pillowed room for the..governor; the dungeons [etc.].
c. The executive head of each of the states and territories of the United States.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > governor of province, dependency, or colony > governors by country > [noun] > of a state of U.S.
state governor1608
governor1683
1683 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) I. 57 Wm. Penn, proprietery and Governer of Pensilvania.
1734 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1852) III. 546 Notwithstanding the specious and ample Professions made by the Governor of Maryland.
1763 Gentleman's & London Mag. Oct. 639/1 The governor of West Florida, taking affront at the North Briton of Sept. 17,..asked him if he was the author of that paper.
1819 Jrnl. Senate U.S. (16th Congr., 1st Sess.) 692 An act to authorize the Governor of Illinois to obtain certain abstracts of land from certain public offices.
c1845 in J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (1877) 438 W. A. Graham..will be elected governor by the largest majority ever before given..in the Old North State.
1875 Pop. Sci. Monthly July 376/1 Last May the Governor of Missouri proclaimed a day of fasting and humiliation as a stratagem in the anti-locust war.
1960 Life 4 July 30/2 Pennsylvania's Governor David Lawrence was the only one in a position to play mystery man and kingmaker.
1992 Sunday Santa Fe New Mexican 4 Oct. d1/1 The Texas governor..will criss-cross her state this month.
7. colloquial and slang (chiefly British).
a. A person (originally and chiefly a man) occupying a position of authority or seniority; spec. (a) a person's immediate superior; an employer, a boss (cf. old man n. 3a); (b) a person's father (cf. old man n. 1b) (now archaic and rare). Also as a form of address.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > employer > [noun]
mastereOE
employer1600
baas1625
governor1783
old baas1882
society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > one who is in charge
gaffera1658
old man1668
governor1783
head woman1799
boss1806
oyakata1818
guv'nor1843
head-worker1846
jossc1860
Guv1861
Maluka1905
big guy1921
skip1921
kingfish1930
boss-man1934
pitch-and-toss1942
honcho1945
head honcho1952
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > parent > father > [noun]
fatherOE
sirec1250
authora1398
flesh-fathera1400
genitor1447
daddy1523
dad1533
bab1598
patera1600
dada1672
relieving officer1677
papa1681
pappy1722
baba1771
pa1773
governor1783
paw1826
fatherkin1839
pop1840
bap1842
pap1844
da1851
baba1862
puppa1885
pops1893
poppa1897
pot and pan1900
papasana1904
daddy-o1913
bapu1930
baby-father1932
abba1955
birth father1977
1783 Proc. Old Bailey 10 Dec. 31/1 I sent for a constable, and for my governor, and my father.
1802 H. K. White Let. in Remains (1807) I. 81 I have made such a proficiency in the law, as has ensured me the regard of my governors.
1827 Sporting Mag. 20 70 I was accompanied on this occasion by my Governor.
1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist II. xxx. 179 Tell your governor that Blathers..is here.
1853 ‘C. Bede’ Adventures Mr. Verdant Green x. 89 I suppose the bills will come in some day or other, but the governor will see to them.
1869 E. Bennett Bandit Queen iv. 14 ‘Any Americans here, in this Pandemonium of yours?’ I said to the governor of the hotel.
1915 P. G. Wodehouse Something Fresh xi. 315 ‘I do wish that this time you would endeavour..not to make a fool of yourself.’.. ‘I'll have a jolly good stab at it, governor.’
1946 R. P. Warren All King's Men (2005) 382 ‘Well, you're the Governor, aren't you?’ ‘You're damned right I am,’ the Boss had said.
2001 ‘O. Parry’ Call Each River Jordan 270 Surprise ain't to be sniffed at, as me governor's governor always said.
b. An informal but respectful form of address to a man who is not well-known to the speaker, or with whom he or she has no particular relationship: ‘mister’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > man > [noun] > as a form of address
lordOE
wye1340
gentleman1534
old fellow1567
gaff1573
godhood1586
gaffer1590
dad1605
daddy1681
hearty1735
cock-of-wax1790
governor1819
bub1839
smarty1847
doc1870
guy1876
Sunny Jim1903
big guy1910
chief1927
daddy-o1944
pops1944
tosh1954
Sonny Jim1960
ese1961
majita1963
G1990
mi'jito1990
1819 P. Egan Fancy going to Fight at Moulsey-Hurst 16 I say Governor, I thinks as how your distiller lives too near the Thames.
1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) xxiii. 284 ‘My youngest died last week.’ ‘I'm sorry for it, governor, with all my heart,’ said Mark.
1912 G. B. Shaw Pygmalion ii. in Coll. Plays (1972) IV. 713 Take my advice, Governor: marry Eliza while she's young and don't know no better.
1974 M. Piñero Short Eyes 56 Looks like you made the wrong move there, governor.
1997 P. L. Williams True & Authentic Hist. Jenny Dorset (2001) iv. ii. 197 I believe I might be able to help you, governor.
8. Mechanics. A device for regulating the speed of a machine or vehicle by automatically restricting the flow of water, air, fuel, etc., when the speed increases and increasing the flow when it decreases.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > control(s) > [noun] > other controls
governor1797
self-regulator1822
steering1877
telekin1905
trip-wire1916
limiter1968
1797 Jrnl. Nat. Philos. Dec. 424 The motion of the overshot wheel is regulated by an apparatus called a governor, invented, as I think, by Mr. Watt.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 38 Governors or flying-balls are very frequently used in the wind-mills employed for grinding flour.
1864 G. Buchanan & Co.'s Descr. List Machinery i. 53 The addition of a governor or regulator for adjusting the supply of water to the wheel.
1918 E. M. Roberts Flying Fighter 63 By means of a governor, the speed of the lorries was being limited to fifteen miles an hour.
1998 Harper's Mag. Sept. 80/1 The tractor gasped as its governor opened up and dumped gas in its engine.
2013 Yanmar Marine Diesel Engine D27a Service Man. (Maritime Press) 3-24 To protect the engine, the governor is adjusted to the specified output and engine speed, and sealed and locked with fixing wire.
9. Angling. A winged artificial fly used in trout-fishing.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > types of
moor flylOE
drake-flya1450
dub-flya1450
dun cut1496
dun fly1496
louper1496
red fly1616
moorish fly1635
palmer1653
palmer fly1653
red hackle1653
red palmer1653
shell-fly1653
orange fly1662
blackfly1669
dun1676
dun hackle1676
hackle1676
mayfly1676
peacock fly1676
thorn-tree fly1676
turkey-fly1676
violet-fly1676
whirling dun1676
badger fly1681
greenfly1686
moorish brown1689
prime dun1696
sandfly1700
grey midge1724
whirling blue1747
dun drake?1758
death drake1766
hackle fly1786
badger1787
blue1787
brown-fly1787
camel-brown1787
spinner1787
midge1799
night-fly1799
thorn-fly1799
turkey1799
withy-fly1799
grayling fly1811
sun fly1820
cock-a-bondy1835
brown moth1837
bunting-lark fly1837
governor1837
water-hen hackle1837
Waterloo fly1837
coachman1839
soldier palmer1839
blue jay1843
red tag1850
canary1855
white-tip1856
spider1857
bumble1859
doctor1860
ibis1863
Jock Scott1866
eagle1867
highlander1867
jay1867
John Scott1867
judge1867
parson1867
priest1867
snow-fly1867
Jack Scott1874
Alexandra1875
silver doctor1875
Alexandra fly1882
grackle1894
grizzly queen1894
heckle-fly1897
Zulu1898
thunder and lightning1910
streamer1919
Devon1924
peacock1950
1837 J. Kirkbride Northern Angler 57 The Governor Fly..answers well on some of our lakes.
1867 F. Francis Bk. Angling vi. 212 The Governor..is a useful fly on many waters.
1884 St. James's Gaz. 21 June 6/2 The artificial fly known as the ‘governour’, which is intended for an imitation of the ground bee.
1909 Sears, Roebuck Catal. Fall 838/2 Highest Grade Trout Flies..Professor..Governor..Golden Spinner.
1929 L. Plumley With Trout Fly v. 107 Wet flied for smallish eastern trout waters: Coachman (plain pattern),..Soldier Palmer, Beaverkill, and Governor.
2012 D. Klausmeyer Master's Fly Box ii. 13/2 (caption) Governor. Hook: Regular wet-fly hook... Wing: Dark brown mottled turkey.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (in sense 8).
governor apparatus n.
ΚΠ
1854 Encycl. Brit. VII. 5/1 The governor apparatus has itself been applied to telescope-driving clocks.
1919 Engin. World 15 Dec. 31/2 The governor apparatus is capable of adjustment so as to limit the resulting pressure drop.
2009 U.S. Patent 120,409 6/1 A motor..is arranged as an actuator for opening and closing the throttle valve in the electronic governor apparatus.
governor valve n.
ΚΠ
1830 Jrnl. Franklin Inst. 6 New Ser. 332 The amount of friction to be overcome at the spindle..may be readily inferred by a reference to the common throttle and governor valves.
1916 S. R. Eighinger & M. S. Hutton Steam Traction Engin. 132 The throttle..and the governor valve may both be oiled.
1986 R. N. Brown Compressors viii. 2847 Control oil is required for a power positioner on a steam turbine governor valve.
C2.
governor block n. Mechanics (now rare) a (typically adjustable) block of metal or wood forming part of a governor (sense 8).
ΚΠ
1880 A. Tolhausen tr. W. H. Uhland Corliss-engines II. 263 By coming in contact with the governor-block M, the trigger nibs..are knocked out of gear.
1897 G. E. Tewksbury Compl. Man. Edison Phonograph 37 Move the governor block to the left until proper tension has been obtained, then reset the screws.
1899 Automotor & Horseless Vehicle Jrnl. May 399 K 6 is the governor block or collar on the exhaust valve spindle.
1922 T. Croft Steam-Engine v. 167 Place the starting block or stop..under the governor cross arm... A ¼ in. thick piece of wood or iron is placed between the governor block and the governor cross arm.
2000 Looking for a Good Block in Briggs & Stratton Engine Club (Yahoo! group) 8 Aug. (O.E.D. Archive) I need a good model n briggs mechanical governor block... I have many engines or parts to trade or will buy one outright.
governor burner n. Engineering (now historical and rare) a gas lamp incorporating a mechanism to produce an even flow of gas to the burner regardless of variations in the pressure of the supply.
ΚΠ
1859 Liverpool Mercury 31 Oct. 1/5 Why waste your gas?—Save 35 per cent. by using Neale's Patent Governor Burner. Price 1s. 6d. each.
1913 W. P. Gerhard Gas Lighting & Gas Fitting (ed. 4) 73 Governor burners are preferable to pressure regulators.
2008 C. Otter Victorian Eye iv. 142 Positioning governors within the lamp itself prevented flickering when gas surged: hence the development of the combined governor-burner, or rheometer.
governor house n. now rare a building where the pressure of gas supplied from a gasworks is regulated; cf. sense 8.
ΚΠ
1865 Trans. Soc. Engineers 1864 53 (heading) Governor house.
1895 Daily News 17 Dec. 3/5 A fire..occurred in the governor house of Worthing Gasworks.
1960 Times 13 Jan. 9/3 The board stated that they might want to retain part of the site for a gasholder and governor-house.
governor-in-chief n. a governor of high rank; esp. the chief official appointed to govern a state, province, etc., under British sovereignty (now historical).The title of governor-in-chief was generally supplanted by Governor-General during the 19th cent., although it persisted until 1962 in Jamaica as the official title of the principal representative of the British Crown.
ΚΠ
1643 Proclam. Robert Earl of Essex 1 May in W. Prynne & C. Walker True Relation Prosecution N. Fiennes (1644) 94 To will and require you by virtue of this Commission to take the said City [sc. Bristol] and Forces into your charge as Governour in chiefe, and by all possible wayes and meanes (except in point of Civill Government) to provide for the defence and security of the same.
1643 Proclam. Charles I 24 Nov. (single sheet) Robert Earle of Warwick is made Governor in chiefe, and Lord High Admirall of all those Islands and other Plantations inhabited, Planted, or belonging to any of Our Subjects within the Bounds, and upon the Coasts of America.
1683 London Gaz. 29 Oct. 1/2 Orders from Sir W. Stap'eton, Governor in Chief of the Leeward Islands, to go in search of several Pyrates.
1717 in N. Bouton Provinc. Papers New-Hampsh. (1868) II. 712 We have constituted and appointed Samuel Shute Esq. our Captain General and Governor in chief in and over our Province of New Hampshire, in New England, in America.
1820 Edinb. Mag. Feb. 173/1 He..had held the situation, since 1801, of Governor in Chief of the important fortress of Gibraltar.
1851 H. Melville Present State Austral. 203 Van Diemen's Land is even yet only a lieutenancy, the Governor-in-Chief being stationed in New South Wales.
1901 S. Lane-Poole Hist. Egypt VI. ii. 18 The village sheykhs were subordinate to the district governors, who in turn reported to the governor-in-chief; but the central government interfered little with the district officers.
1950 Life 24 Apr. 153/1 As the wife of Jamaica's Governor in Chief Sir John Huggins, she would traditionally be expected to limit her duties to the pouring of tea or the laying of cornerstones.
1964 E. Arthur Toronto, No Mean City iv. 112 In 1841 Upper and Lower Canada became the Province of Canada under a Governor-in-chief (Lord Sydenham).
2010 Times (Nexis) 10 May 30 As his countless election posters indicate Mr Ampatuan Sr is standing—from jail—for vice-governor of Maguindanao province [sc. in the Philippines] after reaching his limit of three terms as its governor in chief.
governor of the feast n. [translating Hellenistic Greek ἀρχιτρίκλινος architricline n.] Obsolete a person who presides over a feast; = architricline n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > feasting > [noun] > feaster > lord of feast
architriclinec1250
feast master?a1422
governor of the feast1611
tricliniarch1656
1611 Bible (King James) John ii. 9 When the ruler of the feast had tasted the water that was made wine, and knew not whence it was, (but the seruants which drew the water knew) the gouernor of the feast called the bridegrome. View more context for this quotation
governor plum n. (also governor's plum) the plum-like fruit of a shrubby tree, Flacourtia indica (family Salicaceae), of tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia; (also) the tree itself.
ΚΠ
1858 H. Cruger Outl. Flora Trinidad 25 Flacourtia... Governor-plum.
1900 Cycl. Amer. Hort.: E–M 589/1 Flacourtia... This genus contains a spiny hedge and fruit plant called the Rambustan or Governor's Plum.
1933 Sci. News Let. 28 Jan. 20/3 An array of exotic fruits of the tropics, such as the Governor's plum and the Monstera deliciosa.
2010 G. S. Dreishpoon Pursuit of Paradise 172 Some of the more exotic fruits include the Governor plum, guava, hog plum, mango, [etc.]
governor reed n. now rare a thin flexible metal strip forming part of a speed-regulating mechanism, esp. in an electric motor.
ΚΠ
1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 Apr. 7/2 Regulated by a simple screw contrivance to vibrate at the exact rate of the distant transmitter or governor reed.
1924 U.S. Patent 1,494,416 1/2 The governor reed should not have a tendency to vibrate due to harmonic motion when the motor is operated.
1962 U.S. Patent 3,020,465 6 The governor reed and the movable contact may tend to fly out and destroy the governor.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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