abbeyn.

Brit.

/ˈabi/, U.S.

/ˈæbi/

Forms: Middle English abbai, Middle English abbei, Middle English abbeus (plural), Middle English 1700s abey, Middle English–1500s abba, Middle English–1500s abbeie, Middle English–1500s abbeye, Middle English–1600s abbay, Middle English–1700s abbaye, Middle English– abbey, 1500s abbe, 1500s abbee, 1500s abbie, 1500s–1700s abby, 1600s abei; Scottish pre-1700 aba, pre-1700 abaye, pre-1700 abba, pre-1700 abbai, pre-1700 abey, pre-1700 1700s abay, pre-1700 1700s abbay, pre-1700 1700s abby, pre-1700 1700s– abbey, pre-1700 (1800s archaic) abbaye, 1700s aby, 1800s– aibbey.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French abbaye.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman abbai, abbei, abbee, Anglo-Norman and Old French abeye, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French abeie, abbie, abbaie, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French †abbeie, abbaye, Old French, Middle French abaie, abie monastery governed by an abbot or abbess (c1090), buildings and property dependent upon an abbey (1st half of the 14th cent.), members of an abbey collectively (late 14th cent.) < post-classical Latin abbatia (also abbacia , abbadia , abbathia ) office or dignity of abbot (7th cent.; from 11th cent. in British sources), body of abbots (8th cent. in a British source), religious house under rule of abbot or abbess, with its possessions (8th cent.; frequently from 11th cent. in British sources), estates and rights belonging to an abbey or abbot (8th cent.), monastery buildings (9th cent.) < abbat- , abbas abbot n. + -ia -ia suffix¹; compare -y suffix³. Compare abbatie n. and later abbacy n. Compare earlier abbotric n.Compare Anglo-Norman forms cited at abbatie n. and also Old Occitan abadia (1459; Occitan abbadie ), Catalan abadia (960), Spanish abadía (c1220–50), Portuguese abadia (13th cent.), Italian abbadìa (end of the 12th cent.), badìa (1211), abbazìa (1741; 1700 as †abbatia ). Compare also Middle Dutch abedīe , abdīe (Dutch abdij ), Middle Low German abbedīe , abedīe , Old High German abbateia , abteia (Middle High German abbeteie , aptei , German Abtei ), Norwegian abbedi , Danish abbedi . Attested earlier (in sense 1b) in the surname of Will. del Abbay (1283), although it is unclear whether this should be interpreted as showing the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word; compare also Nich. atte Abbeye (1312), etc. Earlier currency of abbey land n. at Compounds 2 is perhaps implied by the following surname:1301 Patent Roll, 29 Edward I 17 Feb. (P.R.O.: C 66/121) m. 28 Jordani Abbeghland.

1. Christian Church.

a. The benefice or jurisdiction of an abbot or abbess; an abbacy.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious superior > abbot > [noun] > office of

abbotricOE

abbatiea1300

abbeyc1300

abbotshipc1450

abbacy1469

abbotcy1814

abthanage1862

c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 593 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 123 Þat no bischopriche ne non Abbeie also, Þat were voyde with-oute prelat In þe kingus hond were I-do.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 42 (MED) Dyngnetes of holi cherche, ase byeþ bissopriches, abbayes.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) f. 4^v If ye gyue an abbaye to a foole.

1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 191 William Rufus loved wel to keep vacant Bishopriks and Abbies in his handes.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) i. i. 48 Our Abbies and our Priories shall pay This expeditious charge.

1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. (1817) 276 The Scottish monarchs had the sole right of nomination to vacant bishoprics and abbeys.

1832 R. A. Davenport Dict. Biogr. (Amer. ed.) 98/1 Boisrobert..was a favourite of Cardinal Richelieu, who, among other benefices, gave him the abbey of Chatillon sur Seine.

1907 J. A. James tr. C. Seignobos Hist. Medieval & Mod. Civilization xv. 206 Then were seen bishops with several bishoprics, abbots with several abbeys.

2006 S. Wood Proprietary Church in Medieval West x. 247 In Frankish lands in the eighth century a Carolingian mayor or king could dispose of some bishoprics and abbeys as beneficia to his lay or clerical followers.

b. A religious establishment usually consisting of a community of monks under an abbot or nuns under an abbess, esp. when considered as an ecclesiastical corporation. Also: the buildings and precinct of such an establishment.mitred abbey: see the first element. See also archabbey n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > monastic property (general) > monastery or convent > [noun]

minstereOE

monklifeeOE

clausterc1000

abbotricOE

house?a1160

anchor-house?c1225

religion?c1225

abbeyc1300

nunneryc1300

house (also abbey) of religiona1325

nunryc1325

closterc1330

cloister1340

monasterya1425

monk-house?c1475

friars1479

convent1528

guild1546

prioressy1575

abbey-stead1620

minchery1710

reclusory1821

akhara1838

house of piety1838

kloster1844

c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) 14831 Bangor was on abbey [c1275 Calig. munecclif] ifulled wid monekes. Dyonoth hehte þe abbod..he hadde in soue abbeyes [c1275 Calig. on seuen hepen] sixtene hundred monakes.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7590 (MED) Þere as þe bataile was, an abbeye he let rere..þat is icluped..abbey of þe batayle.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Shipman's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 323 And forth he rydeth hom til his Abbeye.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xx. 599 The Erll of murreff..has gert bery The kyngis hert at the abbay of melros.

1536 Exhortacyon to the North in F. J. Furnivall Ballads from MSS Abbas to suppresse we haue lytyll nede.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clxii With great triumph rode these .ii. Cardinalls together, to the Abbey.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 156 Then they fled Into this Abbey, whether we pursu'd them.

1651 W. G. tr. J. Cowell Inst. Lawes Eng. 204 Had monies owing to them in the name of their Abbies.

1772 T. Pennant Tours Scotl. (1774) 255 All the monks of this abby.

1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel ii. xxiv. 52 Glad when he passed the tombstones gray, Which girdle round the fair Abbaye.

1861 J. A. Wade Melrose Abbey 251 The estates of the abbey were granted by Queen Mary to the earl of Bothwell.

1900 Irish Eccl. Rec. Dec. 493 The grand old abbey of Buckfast, for three hundred years a ruin,..is once again in the possession of the sons of St. Benedict.

1958 I. Murdoch Bell vi. 95 The Abbess has the poetic idea that the bell should enter the Abbey early in the morning through the great gate as if it were a postulant.

2003 Oxoniensia 67 67 The dissolution of the abbey and religious guilds created opportunities for investment in land and property.

2. Frequently (with capital initial) in proper names.

a. After the dissolution of the monasteries: an abbey church.spec. (with the and capital initial): Westminster Abbey, London.

ΚΠ

1543 More's Hist. Richard III in Chron. J. Hardyng f. lxxvii^v Entred y^e abbay at the west end.

1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 142 The toombe of Gerald Sitfylt in the Abbeie of Dore.

a1690 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 11 He came Accompanied with his Nobles through Westminster-hall and the Court of Requests, to the Abbey.

1691 J. Dunton Voy. round World II. i. 14 Then how grave, just, ingenious and tender is his Sacrifice to the Manes of the Immortal Mr. Cowley in Westminster-Abbey.

1762 Ann. Reg. 1761 218/2 A platform was erected from the upper end of Westminster Hall..to the west door of the abbey.

1785 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 106/2 That curious epitaph on Dr. Pelling..taken from Bath Abbey.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. xi All the steeples from the Abbey to the Tower, sent forth a joyous din.

1875 Architect 11 Dec. 331/2 The alarming state of the South Arcade wall of the nave of St Albans Abbey.

1904 G. S. Paternoster Motor Pirate xiii. 144 We decided to be married in the abbey.

2003 R. A. Scott Gothic Enterprise (2005) 253 Familiar examples of monastic churches include Bath Abbey, Westminster Abbey,..and Glastonbury Abbey in England.

b. A private residence, school, etc., formerly (part of) an abbey.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > other types of house

houseOE

showernc1175

house of fencec1425

abbey1665

park1750

trust house1751

subhouse1771

hurley-house1814

bure1843

ideal home1854

tholtan1856

picture house1858

village-house1862

tumble-down1866

tree-house1867

mazet1873

riad1881

slaughterhouse1899

whare puni1911

mas1912

social housing1928

quadruplex1939

share house1945

starter home1948

show house1957

painted lady1978

self-build1978

starter1979

Earthship1985

Queenslander1985

des res1986

common house1989

1665 D. Lloyd States-men & Favourites Eng. 134 By his Order he had, as his share of Abbey-Lands, Battle-Abbey in Sussex, enjoyed by his Heirs Males in a direct Line to this day.

1792 Rep. Cases King's Bench II. 209 The said Mary Keeling..has been for several years relieved by a piece of land which she let for twenty-eight shillings a-year so long as she lived in the abbey.

1832 M. M. Sherwood Lady of Manor VII. xxxi. 97 It was in this street that Madame Northington..took a small house, to enjoy the privilege of sending her daughters to school at the abbey.

1852 J. B. Burke Geneal. & Heraldic Dict. Landed Gentry II. 367/2 Catherine, eldest dau. of John Harcourt, Esq. of Ronton Abbey, in Staffordshire.

1903 House & Garden Sept. 143/1 Newbattle Abbey, the Midlothian seat of the Marquis of Lothian, is situated..about seven miles southeast from the city of Edinburgh.

1991 Courier-Mail 12 Jan. (Weekend section) 5/4 I doubt if any other British actor, with the exception of Dirk Bogarde..or the Oliviers in their famous abbey, lived like this.

3. Scottish. The precincts of Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, as a sanctuary for insolvent debtors (cf. sanctuary n.¹ 5a). Cf. abbey laird n. Now historical.The right of sanctuary within the Abbey precincts has never been repealed, although the abolition of imprisonment for debt in 1880 rendered it unnecessary.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > an asylum or sanctuary

frithsoken1014

gritha1300

sanctuaryc1374

city of refuge (alsorefute)a1425

grith-placea1425

grith-stonea1425

grith-towna1425

asylumc1430

abbey1675

flemensfirth1805

1675 G. Mackenzie Observ. upon 28. Act, 23. Parl. James VI 154 Tarsappy the time of the Disposition, was fugitive in the Abbay, and that his Debt did exceed his Estate.

1709 J. Lauder Decisions II. 518 If he offered to go back to the Abbey, and was enticed to stay and hindered to go.

1727 New Misc. Sc. Sangs 210 When broken, frae Care The Fools are set free, When we make them Lairds In the Abbey, quoth she.

1849 D. Anderson Hist. Abbey & Palace Holyrood xvi. 152 Within the sanctuary stands a gaol, and in this place of durance the protected denizens of the Abbey may be confined.

1906 M. G. Williamson Edinburgh v. 105 The ‘Abbey Lairds’..were not left entirely to their own devices... Their movements were supervised by the Bailie of the Abbey.

2001 Scotsman (Nexis) 31 May 14 The Abbey, and all of Holyrood park, constituted a debtors' sanctuary.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

abbey gate n.

ΚΠ

c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 101 (MED) Þere sche lay, vij ȝere opynly, wyth-oute þe abbey gatys.

1505 Charters Crosraguel Abbey (1886) I. 63 Foure dwelling-houssis..at the abbay yete.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 166 Go some of you, knocke at the Abbey gate .

1718 B. Willis Hist. Mitred Parl. Abbies I. 107 After his Execution, his Head was set upon the Abbey Gate.

1829 R. A. Lynch Legends of Lakes II. viii. 140 We..did not proceed so far as the abbey gate.

1931 J. Buchan Blanket of Dark xvi. 304 There was a troop of crowders in the little town, and as many cozeners and dommerers as if it had been an abbey-gate.

2004 R. Wallace Love & Honor xlii. 383 We spurred our horses and charged toward the abbey gate.

abbey vault n.

ΚΠ

1808 Belfast Monthly Mag. Nov. 216/1 The miserable victim of monastic severity, was to be immured alive in a niche of one of the abbey vaults.

1904 ‘F. Miltoun’ Dumas' Paris xviii. 371 The villain of the story..consigned the beautiful Pauline to a living burial in the old abbey vault.

2002 S. Morley John Gielgud i. 40 Now almost nightly air raids would force the whole school to run..into one of the oldest Abbey vaults.

abbey wall n.

ΚΠ

1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. iii. 176 Stay thou Nurse behinde the Abbey wall .

1628 R. Markham Descr. I. Burgh 4 Doe: cryes an Eccho from an Abby wall.

1796 M. G. Lewis Monk II. i. 29 He had broken his vow never to see the outside of the abbey-walls.

1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise 182 I, who then Was but a server of poor men Outside our Abbey walls.

2008 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 15 June (Travel section) 14 Immaculate lawns and sculpted privet sweep down to a rose garden beneath the abbey walls.

abbey window n.

ΚΠ

a1625 J. Fletcher Rule a Wife (1640) iv. 43 This would doe rarely in an Abby window, to cosen Pilgrims.

a1788 W. J. Mickle Poems (1794) 177 Through the pictured abbey window gleams The evening Sun.

1858 A. Geikie Story of Boulder vii. 124 The pointed arch..is filled up by a single plate like some abbey-window with its mullions knocked away.

1993 Washington Post (Nexis) 17 May (Style section) b6 Flashes of sunlight slicing through tiny abbey windows.

C2.

abbey church n. (frequently with capital initials) a church belonging or formerly belonging to an abbey; a conventual church.Many of the abbey churches of England became parish churches after the dissolution of the monasteries, with some being elevated to the status of cathedral; such churches often retain the designation abbey church.

ΚΠ

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 10570 (MED) To þe abbeie churche hii bere him.

?1548 D. Lindsay Tragical Death Dauid Beaton sig. D. i These armed champions marchyng in warlike order had conueyed the bishops into the abbaye churche.

a1649 W. Drummond Hist. James V in Wks. (1711) 105 She was crowned Queen of Scotland in the Abby-Church of Holy-rood-house.

1752 G. Ballard Mem. Several Ladies 35 King Henry not only spared the Abbey Church, at the general dissolution of religious houses, but also advanced it to the dignity of a Cathedral.

1861 Sat. Rev. 30 Nov. 568 The choir, chevet, and transepts of the Abbey church [of Westminster]..belong to the great rebuilding undertaken by Henry III.

1913 M. E. Tabor Saints in Art 57 A century later the body was removed from Liege to the Abbey Church of the Benedictines of the Ardennes.

2005 M. Raven Guide Shropshire 180/3 The Abbey Church is probably the most attractive of Shrewsbury's churches.

abbey counter n. historical (now rare) a medal presented to a pilgrim on visiting a shrine; cf. pilgrim's sign n. at pilgrim n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > pilgrim's garb > items of attire > [noun] > token > medal

abbey counter1823

1823 T. Bond Topogr. & Hist. Sketches E. & W. Looe 95 Several pieces of brass coin found among old ruins at Looe, which I understand..are called AbbeyCounters.

1866–7 G. Stephens Old-Northern Runic Monuments I. ii. 535 There was also a class of Jettons commonly called Abbey-counters, with similar or cognate instructive stamps.

1904 G. L. Gomme Topogr. Hist. London I. 333 Among the objects of antiquarian interest disinterred were..several abbey counters.

abbey labourer n. †(a) an industrious monk (opposed to abbey-lubber n.) (obsolete); (b) a labourer in the service of an abbey (now historical).

ΚΠ

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. i. 28 Abbey-labourers, not Abbey-lubbers like their Successours in after-Ages.

1752 in J. L. Chester Marriage, Baptismal, & Burial Reg. St. Peter's Westm. (1876) 384 Robert Reeves, an Abbey labourer; died the 21st, aged 53.

2009 S. Gregory et al. King Arthur's Bones 10 He was reassured to see a couple of the abbey labourers keeping watch over the entrance.

abbey land n. now historical land belonging or formerly belonging to an abbey; also as a count noun (usually in plural).

ΚΠ

1510 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 317/1 The said abbot [of Melrose], abbay landis and gudis thairof.

1592 Arden of Feversham sig. C^v M. Greene,..From whome my husband had the Abby land, Came hether.

1679 M. Prance Addit. Narr. 30 To secure abbey-lands to their owners.

1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. 115 To molest the possessors of abbey lands granted by parliament to Henry the eighth, and Edward the sixth, is a praemunire.

1848 W. A. Hulton Coucher Bk. Whalley Abbey III. 727 (note) This township..contained a very large proportion of abbey land.

1913 Trans. Devonshire Soc. Adv. Sci. 45 147 There is good reason to believe that the ground on which the present Vicarage stands was also Abbey land.

2000 S. Livingstone Confess & be Hanged 20 In agony, he was forced to sign a paper renouncing the abbey lands.

abbey man n. now historical a member of an abbey; a monk.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > monasticism > monk > [noun]

monkeOE

brotherOE

claustermanc1175

man (woman, etc.) of religiona1200

cloister-monkc1325

friarc1330

son1416

religion manc1475

pater1481

abbey man1483

scapularc1540

monach?c1550

cloister-man1581

monastic1632

cowlist1637

religieux?a1649

religioso1708

saint1888

1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 1 Abbayman, scenobita.

a1563 J. Bale King Johan (1969) i. 681 Thow art styll an abbe man.

1837 J. Hogg Tales & Sketches VI. 136 I shall get a swinging price from the abbey-men for them, to help wi' their Christmas pies.

1890 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 781/2 A charter which removed them from the jurisdiction of the counts, placing them in immediate dependence on the emperor, like the abbey men of Uri.

2009 C. Clark Red Velvet Turnshoe v. 49 There were one or two anxious-looking port officials standing on the quay with a couple of conversi from Meaux... ‘There's a problem with the consignment,’ explained one of the abbey men.

abbey-monger n. derogatory historical rare a person owning the property of a former abbey, after the dissolution of the monasteries.

ΚΠ

1679 M. Prance Addit. Narr. 30 It is almost incredible, what a Qualm..came over the Hearts of the stoutest abby-mongers in England.

1922 Catholic Hist. Rev. 8 468 A return to the old religion..would have endangered the estates of the abbey-mongers, as they were called.

abbey piece n. historical = counter n.³ 1a.Sometimes specifically identified as a type of counter or jetton associated with abbeys, although there appears to be no historical basis for this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical instruments > [noun] > arithmetical instrument > counter or token

counterc1310

algorism stonec1405

casting-countersc1547

sheep-counter1647

jetton1687

abbey piece1759

1759 S. Paterson Catal. Nat. & Artific. Rarities 4 One hundred and fifty-one copper coins of all nations, abbey pieces, jettons, &c.

1797 R. Pocock Hist. Gravesend & Milton 25 The Jettons or Abbey Pieces, with Tradesmens Tokens and other Coins, are frequently found in the Garden and Grounds about this Parish.

1822 Morning Post 30 Oct. 4/3 Mine is certainly no other than a jetton or counter, commonly called an abbey-piece.

1873 E. Hailstone Hist. & Antiq. Parish of Bottisham ii. ii. 170 Besides, are many counters, which are variously called Jetons, Nuremberg tokens, and Abbey pieces.

1917 Eng. Hist. Rev. 32 438 In his preface the author rightly enters a caveat against the term ‘abbey-piece’ when applied to counters as a class, and prefers to employ the more comprehensive word ‘jetton’ when describing these handmaids of medieval arithmetic.

1969 R. C. Bell Board & Table Games (ed. 2) II. x. 138 There is little doubt that on occasion jetons were used as gaming-counters; and the well-known ‘Abbey pieces’ probably served this double purpose.

abbey-stead n. now historical and rare the site or grounds of a (former) abbey; an estate belonging to an abbey.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > monastic property (general) > monastery or convent > [noun]

minstereOE

monklifeeOE

clausterc1000

abbotricOE

house?a1160

anchor-house?c1225

religion?c1225

abbeyc1300

nunneryc1300

house (also abbey) of religiona1325

nunryc1325

closterc1330

cloister1340

monasterya1425

monk-house?c1475

friars1479

convent1528

guild1546

prioressy1575

abbey-stead1620

minchery1710

reclusory1821

akhara1838

house of piety1838

kloster1844

1620 R. Dodsworth in J. R. Walbran Mem. Abbey St. Mary Fountains (1863) I. 99 A Chapell a flight shott distant from the abbey stead, called the Chapell in the wood.

1791 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. VIII. 133 (note) This tumulus would be made the repository of the bones and consecrated earth that would be found in the Abbey-Steads.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. iii. 67 It is a rich abbey-stede, and they do live upon the fat.

1881 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 415 By the spoliation of many sees and abbeysteads he had become enormously wealthy, both in lands and in money.

1965 A. Norton Year of Unicorn ii. 23 To govern any Abbey-stead was a task demanding wit and force of character.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	abbey
释义	abbeyn. Brit. /ˈabi/, U.S. /ˈæbi/ Forms: Middle English abbai, Middle English abbei, Middle English abbeus (plural), Middle English 1700s abey, Middle English–1500s abba, Middle English–1500s abbeie, Middle English–1500s abbeye, Middle English–1600s abbay, Middle English–1700s abbaye, Middle English– abbey, 1500s abbe, 1500s abbee, 1500s abbie, 1500s–1700s abby, 1600s abei; Scottish pre-1700 aba, pre-1700 abaye, pre-1700 abba, pre-1700 abbai, pre-1700 abey, pre-1700 1700s abay, pre-1700 1700s abbay, pre-1700 1700s abby, pre-1700 1700s– abbey, pre-1700 (1800s archaic) abbaye, 1700s aby, 1800s– aibbey. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French abbaye. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman abbai, abbei, abbee, Anglo-Norman and Old French abeye, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French abeie, abbie, abbaie, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French †abbeie, abbaye, Old French, Middle French abaie, abie monastery governed by an abbot or abbess (c1090), buildings and property dependent upon an abbey (1st half of the 14th cent.), members of an abbey collectively (late 14th cent.) < post-classical Latin abbatia (also abbacia , abbadia , abbathia ) office or dignity of abbot (7th cent.; from 11th cent. in British sources), body of abbots (8th cent. in a British source), religious house under rule of abbot or abbess, with its possessions (8th cent.; frequently from 11th cent. in British sources), estates and rights belonging to an abbey or abbot (8th cent.), monastery buildings (9th cent.) < abbat- , abbas abbot n. + -ia -ia suffix¹; compare -y suffix³. Compare abbatie n. and later abbacy n. Compare earlier abbotric n.Compare Anglo-Norman forms cited at abbatie n. and also Old Occitan abadia (1459; Occitan abbadie ), Catalan abadia (960), Spanish abadía (c1220–50), Portuguese abadia (13th cent.), Italian abbadìa (end of the 12th cent.), badìa (1211), abbazìa (1741; 1700 as †abbatia ). Compare also Middle Dutch abedīe , abdīe (Dutch abdij ), Middle Low German abbedīe , abedīe , Old High German abbateia , abteia (Middle High German abbeteie , aptei , German Abtei ), Norwegian abbedi , Danish abbedi . Attested earlier (in sense 1b) in the surname of Will. del Abbay (1283), although it is unclear whether this should be interpreted as showing the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word; compare also Nich. atte Abbeye (1312), etc. Earlier currency of abbey land n. at Compounds 2 is perhaps implied by the following surname:1301 Patent Roll, 29 Edward I 17 Feb. (P.R.O.: C 66/121) m. 28 Jordani Abbeghland. 1. Christian Church. a. The benefice or jurisdiction of an abbot or abbess; an abbacy. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious superior > abbot > [noun] > office of abbotricOE abbatiea1300 abbeyc1300 abbotshipc1450 abbacy1469 abbotcy1814 abthanage1862 c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 593 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 123 Þat no bischopriche ne non Abbeie also, Þat were voyde with-oute prelat In þe kingus hond were I-do. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 42 (MED) Dyngnetes of holi cherche, ase byeþ bissopriches, abbayes. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1537) f. 4^v If ye gyue an abbaye to a foole. 1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 191 William Rufus loved wel to keep vacant Bishopriks and Abbies in his handes. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) i. i. 48 Our Abbies and our Priories shall pay This expeditious charge. View more context for this quotation 1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. (1817) 276 The Scottish monarchs had the sole right of nomination to vacant bishoprics and abbeys. 1832 R. A. Davenport Dict. Biogr. (Amer. ed.) 98/1 Boisrobert..was a favourite of Cardinal Richelieu, who, among other benefices, gave him the abbey of Chatillon sur Seine. 1907 J. A. James tr. C. Seignobos Hist. Medieval & Mod. Civilization xv. 206 Then were seen bishops with several bishoprics, abbots with several abbeys. 2006 S. Wood Proprietary Church in Medieval West x. 247 In Frankish lands in the eighth century a Carolingian mayor or king could dispose of some bishoprics and abbeys as beneficia to his lay or clerical followers. b. A religious establishment usually consisting of a community of monks under an abbot or nuns under an abbess, esp. when considered as an ecclesiastical corporation. Also: the buildings and precinct of such an establishment.mitred abbey: see the first element. See also archabbey n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > monastic property (general) > monastery or convent > [noun] minstereOE monklifeeOE clausterc1000 abbotricOE house?a1160 anchor-house?c1225 religion?c1225 abbeyc1300 nunneryc1300 house (also abbey) of religiona1325 nunryc1325 closterc1330 cloister1340 monasterya1425 monk-house?c1475 friars1479 convent1528 guild1546 prioressy1575 abbey-stead1620 minchery1710 reclusory1821 akhara1838 house of piety1838 kloster1844 c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) 14831 Bangor was on abbey [c1275 Calig. munecclif] ifulled wid monekes. Dyonoth hehte þe abbod..he hadde in soue abbeyes [c1275 Calig. on seuen hepen] sixtene hundred monakes. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7590 (MED) Þere as þe bataile was, an abbeye he let rere..þat is icluped..abbey of þe batayle. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Shipman's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 323 And forth he rydeth hom til his Abbeye. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xx. 599 The Erll of murreff..has gert bery The kyngis hert at the abbay of melros. 1536 Exhortacyon to the North in F. J. Furnivall Ballads from MSS Abbas to suppresse we haue lytyll nede. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clxii With great triumph rode these .ii. Cardinalls together, to the Abbey. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 156 Then they fled Into this Abbey, whether we pursu'd them. View more context for this quotation 1651 W. G. tr. J. Cowell Inst. Lawes Eng. 204 Had monies owing to them in the name of their Abbies. 1772 T. Pennant Tours Scotl. (1774) 255 All the monks of this abby. 1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel ii. xxiv. 52 Glad when he passed the tombstones gray, Which girdle round the fair Abbaye. 1861 J. A. Wade Melrose Abbey 251 The estates of the abbey were granted by Queen Mary to the earl of Bothwell. 1900 Irish Eccl. Rec. Dec. 493 The grand old abbey of Buckfast, for three hundred years a ruin,..is once again in the possession of the sons of St. Benedict. 1958 I. Murdoch Bell vi. 95 The Abbess has the poetic idea that the bell should enter the Abbey early in the morning through the great gate as if it were a postulant. 2003 Oxoniensia 67 67 The dissolution of the abbey and religious guilds created opportunities for investment in land and property. 2. Frequently (with capital initial) in proper names. a. After the dissolution of the monasteries: an abbey church.spec. (with the and capital initial): Westminster Abbey, London. ΚΠ 1543 More's Hist. Richard III in Chron. J. Hardyng f. lxxvii^v Entred y^e abbay at the west end. 1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 142 The toombe of Gerald Sitfylt in the Abbeie of Dore. a1690 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 11 He came Accompanied with his Nobles through Westminster-hall and the Court of Requests, to the Abbey. 1691 J. Dunton Voy. round World II. i. 14 Then how grave, just, ingenious and tender is his Sacrifice to the Manes of the Immortal Mr. Cowley in Westminster-Abbey. 1762 Ann. Reg. 1761 218/2 A platform was erected from the upper end of Westminster Hall..to the west door of the abbey. 1785 Gentleman's Mag. Feb. 106/2 That curious epitaph on Dr. Pelling..taken from Bath Abbey. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. xi All the steeples from the Abbey to the Tower, sent forth a joyous din. 1875 Architect 11 Dec. 331/2 The alarming state of the South Arcade wall of the nave of St Albans Abbey. 1904 G. S. Paternoster Motor Pirate xiii. 144 We decided to be married in the abbey. 2003 R. A. Scott Gothic Enterprise (2005) 253 Familiar examples of monastic churches include Bath Abbey, Westminster Abbey,..and Glastonbury Abbey in England. b. A private residence, school, etc., formerly (part of) an abbey. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > other types of house houseOE showernc1175 house of fencec1425 abbey1665 park1750 trust house1751 subhouse1771 hurley-house1814 bure1843 ideal home1854 tholtan1856 picture house1858 village-house1862 tumble-down1866 tree-house1867 mazet1873 riad1881 slaughterhouse1899 whare puni1911 mas1912 social housing1928 quadruplex1939 share house1945 starter home1948 show house1957 painted lady1978 self-build1978 starter1979 Earthship1985 Queenslander1985 des res1986 common house1989 1665 D. Lloyd States-men & Favourites Eng. 134 By his Order he had, as his share of Abbey-Lands, Battle-Abbey in Sussex, enjoyed by his Heirs Males in a direct Line to this day. 1792 Rep. Cases King's Bench II. 209 The said Mary Keeling..has been for several years relieved by a piece of land which she let for twenty-eight shillings a-year so long as she lived in the abbey. 1832 M. M. Sherwood Lady of Manor VII. xxxi. 97 It was in this street that Madame Northington..took a small house, to enjoy the privilege of sending her daughters to school at the abbey. 1852 J. B. Burke Geneal. & Heraldic Dict. Landed Gentry II. 367/2 Catherine, eldest dau. of John Harcourt, Esq. of Ronton Abbey, in Staffordshire. 1903 House & Garden Sept. 143/1 Newbattle Abbey, the Midlothian seat of the Marquis of Lothian, is situated..about seven miles southeast from the city of Edinburgh. 1991 Courier-Mail 12 Jan. (Weekend section) 5/4 I doubt if any other British actor, with the exception of Dirk Bogarde..or the Oliviers in their famous abbey, lived like this. 3. Scottish. The precincts of Holyrood Abbey, Edinburgh, as a sanctuary for insolvent debtors (cf. sanctuary n.¹ 5a). Cf. abbey laird n. Now historical.The right of sanctuary within the Abbey precincts has never been repealed, although the abolition of imprisonment for debt in 1880 rendered it unnecessary. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > refuge or shelter > [noun] > inviolable refuge, sanctuary, or asylum > an asylum or sanctuary frithsoken1014 gritha1300 sanctuaryc1374 city of refuge (alsorefute)a1425 grith-placea1425 grith-stonea1425 grith-towna1425 asylumc1430 abbey1675 flemensfirth1805 1675 G. Mackenzie Observ. upon 28. Act, 23. Parl. James VI 154 Tarsappy the time of the Disposition, was fugitive in the Abbay, and that his Debt did exceed his Estate. 1709 J. Lauder Decisions II. 518 If he offered to go back to the Abbey, and was enticed to stay and hindered to go. 1727 New Misc. Sc. Sangs 210 When broken, frae Care The Fools are set free, When we make them Lairds In the Abbey, quoth she. 1849 D. Anderson Hist. Abbey & Palace Holyrood xvi. 152 Within the sanctuary stands a gaol, and in this place of durance the protected denizens of the Abbey may be confined. 1906 M. G. Williamson Edinburgh v. 105 The ‘Abbey Lairds’..were not left entirely to their own devices... Their movements were supervised by the Bailie of the Abbey. 2001 Scotsman (Nexis) 31 May 14 The Abbey, and all of Holyrood park, constituted a debtors' sanctuary. Compounds C1. General attributive. abbey gate n. ΚΠ c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 101 (MED) Þere sche lay, vij ȝere opynly, wyth-oute þe abbey gatys. 1505 Charters Crosraguel Abbey (1886) I. 63 Foure dwelling-houssis..at the abbay yete. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) v. i. 166 Go some of you, knocke at the Abbey gate . View more context for this quotation 1718 B. Willis Hist. Mitred Parl. Abbies I. 107 After his Execution, his Head was set upon the Abbey Gate. 1829 R. A. Lynch Legends of Lakes II. viii. 140 We..did not proceed so far as the abbey gate. 1931 J. Buchan Blanket of Dark xvi. 304 There was a troop of crowders in the little town, and as many cozeners and dommerers as if it had been an abbey-gate. 2004 R. Wallace Love & Honor xlii. 383 We spurred our horses and charged toward the abbey gate. abbey vault n. ΚΠ 1808 Belfast Monthly Mag. Nov. 216/1 The miserable victim of monastic severity, was to be immured alive in a niche of one of the abbey vaults. 1904 ‘F. Miltoun’ Dumas' Paris xviii. 371 The villain of the story..consigned the beautiful Pauline to a living burial in the old abbey vault. 2002 S. Morley John Gielgud i. 40 Now almost nightly air raids would force the whole school to run..into one of the oldest Abbey vaults. abbey wall n. ΚΠ 1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. iii. 176 Stay thou Nurse behinde the Abbey wall . View more context for this quotation 1628 R. Markham Descr. I. Burgh 4 Doe: cryes an Eccho from an Abby wall. 1796 M. G. Lewis Monk II. i. 29 He had broken his vow never to see the outside of the abbey-walls. 1868 W. Morris Earthly Paradise 182 I, who then Was but a server of poor men Outside our Abbey walls. 2008 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 15 June (Travel section) 14 Immaculate lawns and sculpted privet sweep down to a rose garden beneath the abbey walls. abbey window n. ΚΠ a1625 J. Fletcher Rule a Wife (1640) iv. 43 This would doe rarely in an Abby window, to cosen Pilgrims. a1788 W. J. Mickle Poems (1794) 177 Through the pictured abbey window gleams The evening Sun. 1858 A. Geikie Story of Boulder vii. 124 The pointed arch..is filled up by a single plate like some abbey-window with its mullions knocked away. 1993 Washington Post (Nexis) 17 May (Style section) b6 Flashes of sunlight slicing through tiny abbey windows. C2. abbey church n. (frequently with capital initials) a church belonging or formerly belonging to an abbey; a conventual church.Many of the abbey churches of England became parish churches after the dissolution of the monasteries, with some being elevated to the status of cathedral; such churches often retain the designation abbey church. ΚΠ c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 10570 (MED) To þe abbeie churche hii bere him. ?1548 D. Lindsay Tragical Death Dauid Beaton sig. D. i These armed champions marchyng in warlike order had conueyed the bishops into the abbaye churche. a1649 W. Drummond Hist. James V in Wks. (1711) 105 She was crowned Queen of Scotland in the Abby-Church of Holy-rood-house. 1752 G. Ballard Mem. Several Ladies 35 King Henry not only spared the Abbey Church, at the general dissolution of religious houses, but also advanced it to the dignity of a Cathedral. 1861 Sat. Rev. 30 Nov. 568 The choir, chevet, and transepts of the Abbey church [of Westminster]..belong to the great rebuilding undertaken by Henry III. 1913 M. E. Tabor Saints in Art 57 A century later the body was removed from Liege to the Abbey Church of the Benedictines of the Ardennes. 2005 M. Raven Guide Shropshire 180/3 The Abbey Church is probably the most attractive of Shrewsbury's churches. abbey counter n. historical (now rare) a medal presented to a pilgrim on visiting a shrine; cf. pilgrim's sign n. at pilgrim n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > pilgrim's garb > items of attire > [noun] > token > medal abbey counter1823 1823 T. Bond Topogr. & Hist. Sketches E. & W. Looe 95 Several pieces of brass coin found among old ruins at Looe, which I understand..are called AbbeyCounters. 1866–7 G. Stephens Old-Northern Runic Monuments I. ii. 535 There was also a class of Jettons commonly called Abbey-counters, with similar or cognate instructive stamps. 1904 G. L. Gomme Topogr. Hist. London I. 333 Among the objects of antiquarian interest disinterred were..several abbey counters. abbey labourer n. †(a) an industrious monk (opposed to abbey-lubber n.) (obsolete); (b) a labourer in the service of an abbey (now historical). ΚΠ 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. i. 28 Abbey-labourers, not Abbey-lubbers like their Successours in after-Ages. 1752 in J. L. Chester Marriage, Baptismal, & Burial Reg. St. Peter's Westm. (1876) 384 Robert Reeves, an Abbey labourer; died the 21st, aged 53. 2009 S. Gregory et al. King Arthur's Bones 10 He was reassured to see a couple of the abbey labourers keeping watch over the entrance. abbey land n. now historical land belonging or formerly belonging to an abbey; also as a count noun (usually in plural). ΚΠ 1510 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 317/1 The said abbot [of Melrose], abbay landis and gudis thairof. 1592 Arden of Feversham sig. C^v M. Greene,..From whome my husband had the Abby land, Came hether. 1679 M. Prance Addit. Narr. 30 To secure abbey-lands to their owners. 1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. 115 To molest the possessors of abbey lands granted by parliament to Henry the eighth, and Edward the sixth, is a praemunire. 1848 W. A. Hulton Coucher Bk. Whalley Abbey III. 727 (note) This township..contained a very large proportion of abbey land. 1913 Trans. Devonshire Soc. Adv. Sci. 45 147 There is good reason to believe that the ground on which the present Vicarage stands was also Abbey land. 2000 S. Livingstone Confess & be Hanged 20 In agony, he was forced to sign a paper renouncing the abbey lands. abbey man n. now historical a member of an abbey; a monk. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > monasticism > monk > [noun] monkeOE brotherOE claustermanc1175 man (woman, etc.) of religiona1200 cloister-monkc1325 friarc1330 son1416 religion manc1475 pater1481 abbey man1483 scapularc1540 monach?c1550 cloister-man1581 monastic1632 cowlist1637 religieux?a1649 religioso1708 saint1888 1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 1 Abbayman, scenobita. a1563 J. Bale King Johan (1969) i. 681 Thow art styll an abbe man. 1837 J. Hogg Tales & Sketches VI. 136 I shall get a swinging price from the abbey-men for them, to help wi' their Christmas pies. 1890 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 781/2 A charter which removed them from the jurisdiction of the counts, placing them in immediate dependence on the emperor, like the abbey men of Uri. 2009 C. Clark Red Velvet Turnshoe v. 49 There were one or two anxious-looking port officials standing on the quay with a couple of conversi from Meaux... ‘There's a problem with the consignment,’ explained one of the abbey men. abbey-monger n. derogatory historical rare a person owning the property of a former abbey, after the dissolution of the monasteries. ΚΠ 1679 M. Prance Addit. Narr. 30 It is almost incredible, what a Qualm..came over the Hearts of the stoutest abby-mongers in England. 1922 Catholic Hist. Rev. 8 468 A return to the old religion..would have endangered the estates of the abbey-mongers, as they were called. abbey piece n. historical = counter n.³ 1a.Sometimes specifically identified as a type of counter or jetton associated with abbeys, although there appears to be no historical basis for this. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical instruments > [noun] > arithmetical instrument > counter or token counterc1310 algorism stonec1405 casting-countersc1547 sheep-counter1647 jetton1687 abbey piece1759 1759 S. Paterson Catal. Nat. & Artific. Rarities 4 One hundred and fifty-one copper coins of all nations, abbey pieces, jettons, &c. 1797 R. Pocock Hist. Gravesend & Milton 25 The Jettons or Abbey Pieces, with Tradesmens Tokens and other Coins, are frequently found in the Garden and Grounds about this Parish. 1822 Morning Post 30 Oct. 4/3 Mine is certainly no other than a jetton or counter, commonly called an abbey-piece. 1873 E. Hailstone Hist. & Antiq. Parish of Bottisham ii. ii. 170 Besides, are many counters, which are variously called Jetons, Nuremberg tokens, and Abbey pieces. 1917 Eng. Hist. Rev. 32 438 In his preface the author rightly enters a caveat against the term ‘abbey-piece’ when applied to counters as a class, and prefers to employ the more comprehensive word ‘jetton’ when describing these handmaids of medieval arithmetic. 1969 R. C. Bell Board & Table Games (ed. 2) II. x. 138 There is little doubt that on occasion jetons were used as gaming-counters; and the well-known ‘Abbey pieces’ probably served this double purpose. abbey-stead n. now historical and rare the site or grounds of a (former) abbey; an estate belonging to an abbey. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > monastic property (general) > monastery or convent > [noun] minstereOE monklifeeOE clausterc1000 abbotricOE house?a1160 anchor-house?c1225 religion?c1225 abbeyc1300 nunneryc1300 house (also abbey) of religiona1325 nunryc1325 closterc1330 cloister1340 monasterya1425 monk-house?c1475 friars1479 convent1528 guild1546 prioressy1575 abbey-stead1620 minchery1710 reclusory1821 akhara1838 house of piety1838 kloster1844 1620 R. Dodsworth in J. R. Walbran Mem. Abbey St. Mary Fountains (1863) I. 99 A Chapell a flight shott distant from the abbey stead, called the Chapell in the wood. 1791 J. Sinclair Statist. Acct. Scotl. VIII. 133 (note) This tumulus would be made the repository of the bones and consecrated earth that would be found in the Abbey-Steads. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. iii. 67 It is a rich abbey-stede, and they do live upon the fat. 1881 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 415 By the spoliation of many sees and abbeysteads he had become enormously wealthy, both in lands and in money. 1965 A. Norton Year of Unicorn ii. 23 To govern any Abbey-stead was a task demanding wit and force of character. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1300
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