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单词 golgi
释义

Golgin.

Brit. /ˈɡɒldʒi/, U.S. /ˈɡɔldʒi/, /ˈɡoʊldʒi/
Etymology: < the name of Camillo Golgi (1844–1926), Italian anatomist.
Anatomy.
Used attributively and in the possessive to designate various microscopical methods introduced by Golgi, and various types of cell, cell organelle, etc., discovered by or named after him.
a. Golgi('s) method, technique, any of various staining methods employing silver salts or osmium tetroxide; so Golgi stain.
ΚΠ
1885 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 5 904 Golgi's methods for staining nerve-elements black are based on the action of nitrate of silver and perchloride of mercury following the use of bichromate of potash.
1891 Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. 25 448 By the Golgi method all the cells are rarely stained.
1892 Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 3 26 (heading) The Golgi silver stain with the central nervous system, and its results.
1910 T. C. Allbutt & H. D. Rolleston Syst. Med. (ed. 2) VII. 853 The cavity is usually surrounded by a zone of thick neuroglial tissue which..is deeply stained by the Weigert haematoxylin stain, and by the Golgi stains.
1968 G. C. Hirsch in McGee-Russell & Ross Cell Struct. & Interpret. xxxi. 396 This method revealed the same cell-constituents as those blackened by the classical Golgi techniques.
b. Golgi('s) cell, any of various nerve cells, esp. Golgi('s) type I and type II cell, respectively nerve cells with long and with short axons.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > nervous system > substance of nervous system > [noun] > nerve cell > types of
nerve vesicle1839
brain cell1848
stellate cell1870
Purkinje cell1872
neuroblast1878
touch cell1878
Golgi('s) cell1892
memory cell1892
astrocyte1896
astroblast1897
motor neuron1897
cytochrome1898
stichochrome1899
monaxon1900
basket cell1901
relay neuron1903
internuncial neuron1906
sheath cell1906
motoneuron1908
adjustor1909
satellite1912
microglia1924
oligodendroglia1924
sympathicoblast1927
pituicyte1930
oligodendrocyte1932
sympathoblast1934
sympathogonia1934
interneuron1938
Renshaw cell1954
1892 Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp. 3 28/2 Cells of the posterior horns, whose nerve processes become richly branched and correspond to Golgi's II type.
1932 W. Penfield Cytol. & Cellular Pathol. Nerv. Syst. II. ix. 433 Golgi's epithelial cells (Bergmann cells).
1932 W. Penfield Cytol. & Cellular Pathol. Nerv. Syst. II. ix. 435 These feathered cells are probably of the same order as Golgi's epithelial cells and if completely stained would prove to have subpial expansions like the Golgi cells.
1961 T. L. Peele Neuroanat. Basis Clin. Neurol. (ed. 2) i. 4/1 Structurally, nerve cells have been classed according to the length of their axons, as Golgi type I (long) and Golgi type II (short).
c. Golgi corpuscle, Golgi organ, Golgi tendon organ, Golgi tendon spindle; Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscle, Golgi-Mazzoni organ (see quots.).
ΚΠ
1897 Proc. Royal Soc. 61 248 The terminal arborisation which the nerve-fibres finally make is as a rule small as compared with the end-arborisations of ordinary Kühne-Ruffini ‘spindles’ or the Golgi ‘tendon-organs’.
1900 Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. 10 165 The Golgi tendon spindles were found by him in the tendons of the eye-muscles of cattle, swine, dogs, cats, rabbits and men.
1900 Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. 10 174 Where a single branched nerve or several independent nerves enter the granular substance..the resemblance to the Pacinian corpuscles is lost and it is to these especially that the name ‘Golgi-Mazzoni organs’ is sometimes applied.
1950 R. Wyburn-Mason Trophic Nerves viii. 105 The sensory endings in deep tissues are of four main types:—... (2) The Golgi corpuscles found in tendons and supplied by myelinated afferent nerves. They are stimulated by tension.
1964 E. G. Walsh Physiol. Nerv. Syst. (ed. 2) ii. 54 Golgi tendon organs seem to bear a special relationship to the cerebellum.
d. Golgi apparatus, Golgi body, Golgi complex, Golgi net, Golgi network, etc., a cytoplasmic cell organelle of complex structure that is now believed to be involved in secretion. Also used to designate components of this structure, as Golgi element, Golgi granule, Golgi material, Golgi region, Golgi rod, Golgi sac, Golgi substance, Golgi vesicle, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > cell > cell organelle or contents > [noun] > other organelles or contents
raphide1831
body1839
raphid1863
mucigen1874
cell sap1875
globoid1875
raphis1879
pyrenoid1883
mucinogen1884
plastid1885
molluscum corpuscle1886
hyalosome1889
molluscum body1892
statolith1892
dictyosome1893
centrosome1895
Nissl body1898
Nissl granule1898
Nissl substance1899
archespore1901
blepharoplast1907
liposome1910
statocone1910
kinetosome1912
Golgi body1916
kinetoplast1925
lipochondrion1936
microsome1943
kappa1945
Pappenheimer body1947
microbody1954
lysosome1955
siderosome1957
ribosome1958
melanosome1961
cisterna1962
microtubule1962
plasmalemmasome1962
phagolysosome1963
informosome1964
monosome1964
mucocyst1965
peroxisome1965
rhoptry1967
spectrin1968
virosome1970
1916 A. M. Pappenheimer in Anat. Rec. 11 110 None of these terms appear to be entirely satisfactory. I shall, therefore, refer to the structures simply as the Golgi apparatus.
1919 J. B. Gatenby in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 63 403 The Golgi rods or grains.
1920 L. Doncaster Introd. Cytol. 101 Golgi bodies.
1924 L. Hogben & F. R. Winton Introd. Rec. Adv. Compar. Physiol. 197 In the cytoplasm are present granular bodies, of which two sorts are commonly distinguished, namely, the mitochondria and Golgi rods.
1925 E. B. Wilson Cell (ed. 3) 50 In many cases the Golgi ‘net’ is built up from originally separate bodies—lamelliform, rod-like, banana-shaped or the like... These bodies are variously designated as ‘batonettes’, ‘dictyosomes’, or Golgi-bodies.
1926 L. W. Sharp Introd. Cytol. (ed. 2) vii. 126 For many years the Golgi material has been chiefly the concern of students of animal tissues.
1946 Nature 24 Aug. 274/1 It has come to be realized that the Golgi bodies are to be found in most, if not all, living animal cells.
1949 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 90 293 (title) Further remarks on the Golgi element.
1952 Sci. News 24 23 The much debated reticular structure known as the Golgi apparatus.
1967 L. T. Threadgold Ultrastruct. Anim. Cell v. 164 The Golgi complex, which was such a controversial structure when it could only be observed with the light microscope, has emerged from electron microscopy with a distinct and characteristic fine structure which makes it readily recognizable in all cells.
1970 E. J. Ambrose & D. M. Easty Cell Biol. v. 164 The Golgi region was first observed in certain nerve cells.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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