gourmandadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈɡʊəmənd/,

/ˈɡɔːmənd/,

/ˈɡʊəmɒ̃/,

/ˈɡɔːmɒ̃/, U.S.

/ˈɡʊrˌmɑnd/

Forms: Middle English (plural) gourmans, 1500s gormande, gourmound, 1500s–1600s gorman, gor-, gurmond, gurmand, 1700s gormaund, 1600s–1800s gourmond, 1500s–1800s gormand, 1500s– gourmand.

Etymology: < French gourmand, feminine gourmande, adjective and noun, of unknown origin.

A. adj.

Gluttonous, greedy; fond of eating.Now regarded as attributive or appositive use of B.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > excessive consumption of food or drink > [adjective] > gluttonous

freckc950

egernec1200

gluttonous1340

glutterous1382

lecherous1480

pampereda1529

glutton1532

draffsacked1548

gourmand1557

pampering1562

guttish1567

ingluvious1569

belly-fed1574

lurching1577

gulling1579

lickerous-mouthed1579

gully-gut1582

gormandizing1596

belly-devout1599

guttling1633

helluous1641

gulous1657

belly-proud1675

gut-led1682

gulligutted1694

poke pudding1705

ungodly1746

ventripotent1823

ventripotential1824

guttlesome1861

1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes (1568) 161 The insatiable and gurmand throate.

1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 996 in Wks. (1931) I Sillye Saulis, that bene Christis scheip, Ar geuin to hungre gormande wolfis to keip.

1693 J. Dryden in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires xiv. 276 In Feeding High, his Tutor will surpass, As Heir Apparent of the Gourmand Race.

1726 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xvii. 529 What God has plagu'd us with this gormaund guest?

1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XV lxiii. 36 How shall I get this gourmand stanza through?

1863 T. Woolner My Beautiful Lady i. 20 I told of gourmand thrushes, which, To feast on morsels oozy rich, Cracked poor snails' curling niche.

B. n.

a. One who is over-fond of eating, one who eats greedily or to excess, a glutton.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > excessive consumption of food or drink > [noun] > gluttony > glutton

glutton?c1225

glutc1394

globberc1400

glofferc1440

gluttoner1482

gourmanda1492

ravener1496

belly1526

golofer1529

lurcher1530

cormorant1531

flesh-fly1532

full-belly1536

belly-godc1540

flap-sauce1540

gourmander1542

gully-gut1542

locust1545

glosser1549

greedy-guts1550

hungry gut1552

belly-slave1562

fill-belly1563

grand paunch1569

belly-paunch1570

belly-swainc1571

trencher-slave1571

slapsauce1573

gorche1577

helluo1583

gormandizer1589

eat-all1598

engorger1598

guts1598

guller1604

gourmandist1607

barathrum1609

eatnell1611

snapsauce1611

Phaeacian?1614

gutling1617

overeater1621

polyphage1623

tenterbelly1628

gut-head1629

stiffgut1630

gobble-guts1632

gulist1632

polyphagian1658

fill-paunch1659

gype1662

gulchin1671

stretch-gut1673

gastrolater1694

gundy-gut1699

guttler1732

gobbler1755

trencher-hero1792

gorger1817

polyphagist1819

battenera1849

stuff-guts1875

chowhound1917

gannet1929

Billy Bunter1939

guzzle-guts1959

garbage can1963

foodaholic1965

a1492 W. Caxton tr. Vitas Patrum (1495) v. iii. f. cccxxxvii^v/2 Take none hede to gourmans & glotons whiche ete more than is to theym necessary.

1569 J. Sanford tr. H. C. Agrippa Of Vanitie Artes & Sci. 154 b Their name passed into the surname of garmands [sic: read gurmands or gormands] and gluttons.

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Gormandant, & yvrongnant, to play the gorman and drunkard.

1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie i. iv. sig. D3^v The gurmonds paunch is fed.

1605 B. Jonson Sejanus i. i. 215 That great Gourmond, fat Apicius.

1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. ix. 73 Greedy Gourmands, that cannot moderately use the good creatures of God.

1692 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §14 Many are made Gormands and Gluttons by Custom, that were not so by Nature.

1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) vi. 49 Jos, that fat gourmand, drank up the whole contents of the bowl.

1939 J. Joyce Finnegans Wake ii. 235 Our cousin gourmand, Percy, the pup.

†b. figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > inordinate or excessive desire > [noun] > one who has inordinate desire

coveterc1374

gourmand1537

1537 D. Lindsay Deplor. Q. Magdalene 26 O Cruell Deith!..Gredie gorman! quhy did thow nocht [etc.].

c1580 tr. Bugbears i. ii, in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1897) 98 308 O gredy gaping gourmound! o whinyng drivelinge miser!

1645 J. Milton Colasterion 23 The disdain I have to change a period more with the filth and venom of this gourmand, swell'd into a confuter.

1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 127 When some Lay-preferment fell by chance The Gourmands made it their Inheritance.

2. One who is fond of delicate fare; a judge of good eating. In this sense only partially anglicized, and often pronounced /ɡurmɑ̃/. (Cf. gourmet n.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > gastronomy > [noun] > gastronome or epicure

viandera1556

sweet-lips1580

deipnosophist1581

feaster1585

epicure1586

friand1598

palatist1620

goinfre1643

palate-mana1661

palate-peoplea1661

bon-vivant1695

belly-critica1711

gourmand1758

turtle-eatera1774

connoisseur1796

gullet-fancier1805

gastrophilist1814

gastrologer1820

gastronomer1820

gastrophile1820

gourmet1820

palatician1821

gastrologist1822

gastronome1823

gastronomist1825

degustator1833

aristologist1835

opsophagist1854

gastrosoph1855

bon viveur1865

gastrosopher1894

foodist1906

foodie1980

1758 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 22 Sept. (1932) (modernized text) V. 2323 I dare say their table is always good, for the Landgrave is a gourmand.

1804 ‘Ignotus’ Culina 216 I appeal to all the thorough-bred Gourmands in every part of the civilized world.

1816 S. T. Coleridge Statesman's Man. App. E p. xxxvii Their best cooks have no more Idea of dressing a turtle than the gourmands themselves, at Paris, have of the true taste and color of the fat!

a1839 W. M. Praed Bachelor in Poems (1864) II. 80 You know that I was held by all The greatest epicure in Hall, And that the voice of Granta's sons Styled me the Gourmand of St. John's.

1845 C. Darwin Jrnl. (ed. 2) xx. 464 The slimy disgusting Holuthuriæ..which the Chinese gourmands are so fond of.

1853 C. Brontë Villette I. x. 182 Fifine was a frank gourmande; any body could win her heart through her palate.

Compounds

gormand-like adv.

ΚΠ

1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 1149 in Wks. (1931) I The Rauin began..Full gormondlyke his emptie throte to feid.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† gourmandv.

Forms: In Middle English goormaunde, 1500s gourmaund, 1600s gurmond.

Etymology: < French gourmander, < gourmand : see gourmand adj.

Obsolete.

a. intransitive. To eat greedily or gluttonously.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > appetite > excessive consumption of food or drink > eat or drink to excess [verb (intransitive)] > be gluttonous

gourmanda1450

gormandize1548

belly-cheer1549

gurmander1570

overfeed1589

overeat1590

glutton1602

cram1609

gutc1616

pamper1620

guttle1654

gluttonize1656

engorge1667

stuff1728

guddle1825

to make a pig of oneself1873

guts1903

a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 9 He chidde his wiff, saieng that she had lost his doughter for leting her haue to moche her wille, and to lete her goormaunde oute of tyme.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke vi. f. 25 Whan..the bealy too whiche gourmaundeth, shal bee consumed, than shal ye bee houngrie and fynde no relief.

b. transitive. To devour greedily.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > processes or manners of eating > eat via specific process [verb (transitive)] > eat voraciously

forswallowOE

gulch?c1225

afretea1350

moucha1350

glop1362

gloup1362

forglut1393

worrya1400

globbec1400

forsling1481

slonk1481

franch1519

gull1530

to eat up1535

to swallow up1535

engorge1541

gulp1542

ramp1542

slosh1548

raven1557

slop1575

yolp1579

devour1586

to throw oneself on1592

paunch1599

tire1599

glut1600

batten1604

frample1606

gobbet1607

to make a (also one's) meal on (also upon)a1616

to make a (also one's) meal of1622

gorge1631

demolish1639

gourmanda1657

guttle1685

to gawp up1728

nyam1790

gamp1805

slummock1808

annihilate1815

gollop1823

punish1825

engulf1829

hog1836

scoff1846

brosier1850

to pack away1855

wolf1861

locust1868

wallop1892

guts1934

murder1935

woof1943

pelicana1953

pig1979

a1657 G. Daniel Poems (1878) I. 42 Another..Gurmonds his Meat.

Derivatives

† gourmanding n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 109 Thyne vnmeasurable gourmaundyng and surfaictyng.

† gourmander n. Obsolete = gourmand n. 1.

ΘΚΠ