goran.

Forms: Also gorah, gorrah, goura, gowra.

Etymology: Khoekhoe.

A Khoekhoe musical instrument (see quot. 1881).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > other wind instruments > [noun]

gora1822–4

drone pipe1905

didgeridoo1924

jug1946

molimo1957

melodica1961

yidaki1977

1786 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope (ed. 2) I. 229 This instrument is called a t'Goerra, a name..tolerably expressive of the sound of the instrument.]

1790 E. Helme tr. F. Le Vaillant Trav. Afr. II. 104 The goura is shaped like the bow of a savage Hottentot, it is of the same size.

1801 J. Barrow Acct. Trav. Interior S. Afr. 1797–8 I. 149 This instrument was called the gowra.

1822–4 W. J. Burchell Trav. Interior S. Afr. I. 458 Their chief was considered a good performer upon the goráh.

1834 T. Pringle Afr. Sketches i. 16 Soothed by the gorrah's humming reed.

1842 R. Moffat Missionary Labours & Scenes S. Afr. iv. 58 His gorah soothes his solitary hours.

1881 Noble in Encycl. Brit. XII. 311/1 One [musical instrument] named the ‘gorah’ was formed by stretching a piece of the twisted entrails of a sheep along a thin hollow stick..in the manner of a bow and string. At one end there was a piece of quill fixed into the stick, to which the mouth was applied.

1902 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 32 156 The goura, a stringed-wind musical instrument of the Bushmen and Hottentots.

1905 Rep. Brit. Assoc. 529 The goura of the Bushmen..a bow-like instrument having a piece of flattened quill interposed between one end of the string and its attachment to the bow.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

goraadj.n.²

Brit.

/ˈɡɔːrə/, U.S.

/ˈɡɔrə/, Indian English

/ˈɡoːraː/

Forms: 1800s– gora, 1800s– gorah. Also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Hindi. Etymon: Hindi gorā.

Etymology: < Hindi gorā (and its cognates in related Indian languages) (adjective) fair, white, having a light skin colour, (noun) light-skinned person, also used to denote a European person of low social status (originally in the military) < Sanskrit gaura fair, white, having a light skin colour, also as noun (perhaps related to gaura gaur n.) + -ka suffix.

Chiefly South Asian (now sometimes derogatory).

A. adj.

Relating to or denoting a white, fair-skinned, or European person.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > white person > [adjective]

European1666

white1726

whitey1798

Caucasian1807

paleface1830

blue-eyed1838

papalagi1844

Caucasic1890

Caucasoid1902

ofay1911

leucoderm1924

pinko-grey1924

pink1930

ladino1934

mzungu1961

honky1967

mlungu1973

umlungu1976

palagi1977

1834 A. Prinsep Baboo II. 167–168 Most of them now-a-days have their Misteesa Beebees, and their Moosulmanees, and not a few their Gora Beebees likewise.

1974 Compar. Stud. Society & Hist. 16 339 The Bene Israel were divided into two sub-castes: the Gora or ‘White’ Bene Israel, who claimed they were pure descendants of the first Jewish settlers in India, and the lower caste Kalu or ‘Black’ Bene Israel.

1994 Friday Times (Lahore) 18 Aug. 11/1 It is..the perfect place to bring your gora corporate clients, or even friends from abroad who you want to introduce to desi food.

2002 Sunday Times of India 22 Sept. (Matrimonials) 3/5 Professional, slim, gori girl from status Hindu family for Jaiswal gora boy.

2006 G. Malkani Londonstani xi. 125 You only like Arun cos he's got gora values, innit.

B. n.²

A white, fair-skinned, or European person.Originally: an ordinary white soldier (as opposed to an officer or sahib). Cf. gora log n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > white person > [noun]

white mana1398

Christian1622

European1666

white-face1684

long knife1784

buckra1794

sahib1796

white-skin1803

whitey1811

Pakeha1817

papalagi1817

paleface1823

whitefellow1826

Abelungu1836

haole1843

gringo1849

lightiea1855

umlungu1859

mzungu1860

heaven-burster1861

ladino1877

mooniasc1880

Conchy Joe1888

béké1889

ofay1899

ridge runner1904

Ngati Pakeha1905

kelch1912

pink1913

leucoderm1924

fay1927

Mr Charlie1928

pinkie1935

devil1938

wonk1938

oaf1941

grey1943

paddy1945

Caucasoid1956

Jumble1957

Caucasian1958

white boy1958

pinko-grey1964

honky1967

toubab1976

palagi1977

1843 J. H. Stocqueler Memorials Affghanistan App. p. cxv The Sirdar halted at each European body, and asked me whether it was a sahib, or a gora.

1935 M. R. Anand Untouchable 15 Throw away that blanket of the goras (white men); you will die of cold in that thin cloth.

1973 ‘B. Mather’ Snowline ix. 105 The sahib..passed close to a group of goras and dirty miss-sahibs, who called out to him.

1999 M. Syal Life isn't All Ha Ha Hee Hee (2000) ii. 51 At least I married a brahmin, unlike you, polluting your genes with a gora.

2000 Dawn (Karachi) (Electronic ed.) 3 July Just think about foreign tourists (not necessarily a gora from USA or Europe) landing in Pakistan for the first time and see how they are harassed.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2022; most recently modified version published online January 2023).

单词	gora
释义	goran. Forms: Also gorah, gorrah, goura, gowra. Etymology: Khoekhoe. A Khoekhoe musical instrument (see quot. 1881). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > wind instrument > other wind instruments > [noun] gora1822–4 drone pipe1905 didgeridoo1924 jug1946 molimo1957 melodica1961 yidaki1977 1786 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope (ed. 2) I. 229 This instrument is called a t'Goerra, a name..tolerably expressive of the sound of the instrument.] 1790 E. Helme tr. F. Le Vaillant Trav. Afr. II. 104 The goura is shaped like the bow of a savage Hottentot, it is of the same size. 1801 J. Barrow Acct. Trav. Interior S. Afr. 1797–8 I. 149 This instrument was called the gowra. 1822–4 W. J. Burchell Trav. Interior S. Afr. I. 458 Their chief was considered a good performer upon the goráh. 1834 T. Pringle Afr. Sketches i. 16 Soothed by the gorrah's humming reed. 1842 R. Moffat Missionary Labours & Scenes S. Afr. iv. 58 His gorah soothes his solitary hours. 1881 Noble in Encycl. Brit. XII. 311/1 One [musical instrument] named the ‘gorah’ was formed by stretching a piece of the twisted entrails of a sheep along a thin hollow stick..in the manner of a bow and string. At one end there was a piece of quill fixed into the stick, to which the mouth was applied. 1902 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 32 156 The goura, a stringed-wind musical instrument of the Bushmen and Hottentots. 1905 Rep. Brit. Assoc. 529 The goura of the Bushmen..a bow-like instrument having a piece of flattened quill interposed between one end of the string and its attachment to the bow. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online December 2021). goraadj.n.² Brit. /ˈɡɔːrə/, U.S. /ˈɡɔrə/, Indian English /ˈɡoːraː/ Forms: 1800s– gora, 1800s– gorah. Also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Hindi. Etymon: Hindi gorā. Etymology: < Hindi gorā (and its cognates in related Indian languages) (adjective) fair, white, having a light skin colour, (noun) light-skinned person, also used to denote a European person of low social status (originally in the military) < Sanskrit gaura fair, white, having a light skin colour, also as noun (perhaps related to gaura gaur n.) + -ka suffix. Chiefly South Asian (now sometimes derogatory). A. adj. Relating to or denoting a white, fair-skinned, or European person. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > white person > [adjective] European1666 white1726 whitey1798 Caucasian1807 paleface1830 blue-eyed1838 papalagi1844 Caucasic1890 Caucasoid1902 ofay1911 leucoderm1924 pinko-grey1924 pink1930 ladino1934 mzungu1961 honky1967 mlungu1973 umlungu1976 palagi1977 1834 A. Prinsep Baboo II. 167–168 Most of them now-a-days have their Misteesa Beebees, and their Moosulmanees, and not a few their Gora Beebees likewise. 1974 Compar. Stud. Society & Hist. 16 339 The Bene Israel were divided into two sub-castes: the Gora or ‘White’ Bene Israel, who claimed they were pure descendants of the first Jewish settlers in India, and the lower caste Kalu or ‘Black’ Bene Israel. 1994 Friday Times (Lahore) 18 Aug. 11/1 It is..the perfect place to bring your gora corporate clients, or even friends from abroad who you want to introduce to desi food. 2002 Sunday Times of India 22 Sept. (Matrimonials) 3/5 Professional, slim, gori girl from status Hindu family for Jaiswal gora boy. 2006 G. Malkani Londonstani xi. 125 You only like Arun cos he's got gora values, innit. B. n.² A white, fair-skinned, or European person.Originally: an ordinary white soldier (as opposed to an officer or sahib). Cf. gora log n. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > white person > [noun] white mana1398 Christian1622 European1666 white-face1684 long knife1784 buckra1794 sahib1796 white-skin1803 whitey1811 Pakeha1817 papalagi1817 paleface1823 whitefellow1826 Abelungu1836 haole1843 gringo1849 lightiea1855 umlungu1859 mzungu1860 heaven-burster1861 ladino1877 mooniasc1880 Conchy Joe1888 béké1889 ofay1899 ridge runner1904 Ngati Pakeha1905 kelch1912 pink1913 leucoderm1924 fay1927 Mr Charlie1928 pinkie1935 devil1938 wonk1938 oaf1941 grey1943 paddy1945 Caucasoid1956 Jumble1957 Caucasian1958 white boy1958 pinko-grey1964 honky1967 toubab1976 palagi1977 1843 J. H. Stocqueler Memorials Affghanistan App. p. cxv The Sirdar halted at each European body, and asked me whether it was a sahib, or a gora. 1935 M. R. Anand Untouchable 15 Throw away that blanket of the goras (white men); you will die of cold in that thin cloth. 1973 ‘B. Mather’ Snowline ix. 105 The sahib..passed close to a group of goras and dirty miss-sahibs, who called out to him. 1999 M. Syal Life isn't All Ha Ha Hee Hee (2000) ii. 51 At least I married a brahmin, unlike you, polluting your genes with a gora. 2000 Dawn (Karachi) (Electronic ed.) 3 July Just think about foreign tourists (not necessarily a gora from USA or Europe) landing in Pakistan for the first time and see how they are harassed. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2022; most recently modified version published online January 2023). < n.1790adj.n.²1834
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goran.

goraadj.n.2

goraadj.n.²