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单词 glass
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glassn.1

Brit. /ɡlɑːs/, /ɡlas/, U.S. /ɡlæs/
Forms: Old English, Middle English glæs, Middle English gles(e, Middle English–1600s glas, (Middle English glase), glasse, (Middle English glaas, glasce, 1500s glace, glasshe, 1800s Scottish glaas), 1500s– glass.
Etymology: Old English glæs strong neuter (? erroneous masculine in Bæda's Eccl. Hist. v. v.) = Old Saxon glas, gles (Dutch glas), Old High German glas (Middle High German and modern German glas) < Germanic *glásom; a variant with consonant-ablaut, glazóm, is represented by Old Norse gler, Danish, Middle Swedish glar; the modern Scandinavian languages have glas from German (already in Middle Swedish and Middle Danish). A related word is probably Old English glǽr (masculine, if the plural glæsas ‘succina’ be miswritten for *glǽras ) amber, representing the Germanic word (? *glæ̂zo- , ? *glæ̂zi- ) adopted in Latin as glēs(s)um , glaesum . The Old High German glas occurs as a gloss to electrum amber. The ultimate root may be Germanic glă- , glæ̂- ablaut-variant of glô- to shine: see glow v.1
I. As a substance.
1. A substance, in its ordinary forms transparent, lustrous, hard, and brittle, produced by fusing sand (silica) with soda or potash (or both), usually with the addition of one or more other ingredients, esp. lime, alumina, lead oxide.For the different kinds see crown glass n., flint-glass n., plate glass n., water glass n., etc.; also bottle-, crystal-, cut-glass, etc. under the different words.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > containers for drink > drinking vessel > [noun] > glass
glassc888
verrea1382
Venice glass1527
rummer1625
bottle glass1626
Malaga glassa1627
flute1649
flute-glass1668
long glass1680
mum-glass1684
toasting glass1703
wine glass1709
tulip-glass1755
tun-glass1755
water glass1779
tumbler-glass1795
Madeira glass1801
tumbling glass1803
noggin glass1805
champagne glass1815
table glass1815
balloon glass1819
copita1841
firing glass1842
nobbler1842
thimble glass1843
wine1848
liqueur-glass1850
straw-stem1853
pokal1854
goblet1856
mousseline1862
pony glass1862
long-sleever1872
cocktail glass1873
champagne flute1882
yard-glass1882
sleever1896
tea-glass1898
liqueur1907
dock-glass1911
toast-master glass1916
Waterford1916
stem-glass1922
Pilsner glass1923
Amen glass1924
ballon1930
balloon goblet1931
thistle glass1935
snifter1937
balloon1951
shot-glass1955
handle1956
tulip1961
schooner1967
champagne fountain1973
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun] > glass
glassc888
verrec1374
vitrec1420
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. v. §1 Ne me nane lyst mid glase geworhtra waga.
OE Crist III 1282 Beoð þa syngan flæsc scandum þurhwaden swa þæt scire glæs, þæt man yþæst mæg eall þurhwlitan.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 83 Þet gles ne brekeð ne chineð.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 128 For gles nebrekeð naut bute sum þing hit rine.
13.. K. Alis. 7665 Theo wyndowes weoren of riche glas.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Rev. iv. 6 As a se of glas, lijk to cristal.
14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 619/41 Vitrum, glaas.
c1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 648/39 Hoc uitrum, glasse.
1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) i. vii. sig. h.iiii Of ferne brente and put in to asshes man maketh by crafte these vesselles of glasse.
1541 in J. Stuart Extracts Council Reg. Aberdeen (1844) I. 174 Ane futt of glace.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. i. sig. A8 That olde man..Well could file his tongue as smooth as glas.
a1633 G. Herbert Jacula Prudentum (1651) §196 Whose house is of glasse, must not throw stones at another.
1715 M. Prior Down-Hall 53 One window was canvas, the other was glass.
1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 463 Though the jewel be but glass . View more context for this quotation
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 589 They next try whether the glass be ready for casting.
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. III. 700 Many of the specimens..are of ‘cased glass’. This term is applied to glass which has received one or more layers of coloured glass.
1875 C. D. E. Fortnum Maiolica i. 8 The paste of which these examples are formed is to all appearance an ordinary potter's clay glazed with a true glass.
in extended use.1877 W. C. Bryant Little People in Poems 65 And..touched the pool, And turned its face to glass.
2. Applied in a wider sense to various other substances, artificial and natural, which have similar properties or analogous chemical composition. glass of antimony, a vitreous oxy-sulphide fused; glass of borax, a vitreous transparent substance obtained by exposing to heat the crystals of sodium biborate; glass of lead (see quot. 1753); glass of phosphorus (see quot. 1836).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun]
glass1578
vitrification1651
vitrum1657
vitrifaction1840
vitrics1875
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 46 There is..a great distinction to be put betweene Vitrem and the Christall, yet both glasse.
1594 H. Plat Diuers Chimicall Concl. Distillation 45 in Jewell House I cannot here omit that..infinite extention of the glasse of Antimony.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Glass of lead, a glass made with the addition of a large quantity of lead, of great use in the art of making counterfeit gems.
1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy II. 443 The volcanic glass called obsidian, appears in such quantities as to constitute rocks.
1816 F. Accum Pract. Ess. Chem. Re-agents (1818) 222 These substances..yield readily to glass of borax.
1823 W. Henry Elements Exper. Chem. (ed. 9) II. ix. 72 Glass of antimony..consists of eight parts of protoxide and one of sulphuret.
1836 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 4) i. v. 438 A transparent substance is thus obtained, consisting of phosphoric acid, with phosphate, and a little sulphate of lime, commonly known under the name of glass of phosphorus.
3.
a. The substance considered as made into articles of use or ornament (for which see II.). Hence as collective singular: things made of glass: e.g. vessels or ornaments of glass, window-panes or lights.
ΚΠ
1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 263 You shall haue sometimes Faire Houses, so full of Glasse, that one cannot tell, where to become, to be out of the Sunne, or Cold.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Goose xiii, in Poems (new ed.) I. 233 The glass blew in, the fire blew out.
1850 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 5) I. 236 A splendid collection of elaborate stained glass..exists at Gilling castle, Yorkshire.
1850 J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 5) I. 236 (note) Such has been..the destruction of old glass in this country, that few churches retain more than fragments of their original glazing.
1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes I. xix. 176 A waggon full of fenders, fire-irons, and glass, and crockery.
1899 N.E.D. at Glass Mod. The glass is kept in one cupboard and the silver in another.
b. esp. as used in horticulture for greenhouses, frames. etc. Hence: greenhouses, etc., collectively.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > greenhouse or glass-house
glasshousea1633
greenhouse1664
house1726
winter garden1736
plant house1800
serre1819
glass1838
tunnel house1973
1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 319 The potato..will not thrive under glass unless placed very near it.
1873 D. Thomson (title) Handy Book of Fruit Culture under glass.
1885 Sir L. W. Cave in Law Times Rep. 52 627/1 There is..that amount of conservatory and glass which one would expect.
1897 Gardeners' Chron. 23 295/3 [The plaintiffs] were told their glass would be measured and assessed at the rate of £100 per acre.
II. Something made of glass.
4.
a. A glass vessel or receptacle. Also, the contents of the vessel.The specific application as in sense 5 is now so predominant that the word is now commonly applied only to vessels more or less resembling a drinking glass; a glass bottle or jar, for instance, is no longer called ‘a glass’. But the wider use survives in the collective plurals.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > vessel > [noun] > glass or crystal vessel
glass?c1225
crystal glass1567
water glass1590
crystal1630
vitrum1657
flint-glass1675
sheet glass1805
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 127 Halewi in an lutel bruchel gles.
c1380 J. Wyclif Last Age Church p. xxxv Wiþ his blood he anoyntide þe glas, þe glass to barst and þe brid fleye his wey.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 700 In a glas he hadde pigges bones.
c1422 T. Hoccleve Min. Poems (1892) 232 He had a lytil glas, Which, with þat watir anoon filled he.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope ii. xiii Only he lycked the glas by cause he cowde not reche to the mete with his mouthe.
1530 in N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expences Henry VIII (1827) 67 For bringing a glasse of Relike water fro Wyndesor.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Sam. x. 1 Then toke Samuel a glasse of oyle, and poured it vpon his heade.
1549–62 T. Sternhold & J. Hopkins Whole Bk. Psalms (1566) lvi. 134 Reserue them [my teares] in a glasse by thee and write them in thy booke.
1606 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 287 A glasse of sallett oyle for the clock, viijd.
1608 G. Chapman Conspiracie Duke of Byron Q iv b A glasse of ayre, broken with lesse then breath.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) Induct. i. 6 You will not pay for the glasses you haue burst? View more context for this quotation
1728 E. Smith Compl. Housewife (ed. 2) 165 When the Juice boils, put in your Currants and boil them till your Syrup jellies..then put it in your Glasses.
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 153 Miss, will you reach me that Glass of Jelly?
1803 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 9 375 He shall be happy to furnish them with recent virus..if they will send their lancets or glasses to his house.
1870 Mrs. Loudon's Amateur Gardener (1880) 141 Those who grow hyacinths..in glasses.
1884 M. A. Wallace-Dunlop in Mag. of Art 7 154/2 No illustrations can do justice to the endless diversities of Venetian glasses.
b. = musical glasses n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > other musical instruments > [noun] > musical glasses
musical glasses1761
glass1762
harmonica1762
finger glass1789
harmonicon1825
glassichord1835
1762 B. Franklin Let. 13 July in Exper. & Observ. Electr. (1769) 431 The glasses being thus tuned, you [etc.].
1762 B. Franklin Let. 13 July in Exper. & Observ. Electr. (1769) 432 My largest glass is G a little below the reach of a common voice.
5. spec. A drinking-vessel made of glass; hence, the liquor contained, and (figurative) drink.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > [noun] > a drink or draught > contents or amount contained in glass or cup
glass1633
glassfula1682
1392–3 Earl Derby's Exped. (Camden) 235/31 Pro glases et verres.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Prov. xxiii. C Loke not thou vpon the wyne..what a coloure it geueth in the glasse.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 804 Sho gafe hym a glasse with a good lycour.
1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice i. ii. 93 I pray thee set a deepe glasse of Reynishe wine on the contrarie Casket. View more context for this quotation
1633 G. Herbert Church Porch in Temple v Drink not the third glasse, which thou canst not tame, When once it is within thee.
1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler xiii. 239 So Master, here is a full glass to you of that liquor. View more context for this quotation
1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) §219 On taking a glass of tar-water.
1757 R. Bentley & H. Walpole tr. P. Hentzner Journey into Eng. 89 It is common for a number of them, that have got a glass in their heads, to [etc.].
1780 R. B. Sheridan School for Scandal iii. ii. 36 Let the toast pass, drink to the lass, I warrant she'll find an excuse for the glass.
1789 J. Wolcot Poet. Epist. to falling Minister 17 A jolly fellow o'er his glass.
1832 Ld. Tennyson Miller's Daughter iv, in Poems (new ed.) 34 Yet fill my glass,—give me one kiss.
1847 F. Marryat Children of New Forest I. xi. 192 This bargain concluded, they took a glass with the landlord.
6.
a. A sand-glass (sand-glass n.) for the measurement of time; esp. an hourglass (hourglass n.), and (Nautical) the half-hour glass, the half-minute and quarter-minute glasses. to flog the glass: see flog v. 1d.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > instruments for measuring time > [noun] > hourglass
running glass1480
night-glass1504
hourglass?1518
sand-glass1553
glass1557
minute glass1626
watch-glass1637
time-glass1712
sand-clock1865
hand glass1875
pulpit glass1907
?1518 Cocke Lorelles Bote sig. C.j One kepte ye compas and watched ye our glasse.]
1557 Earl of Surrey et al. Songes & Sonettes sig. R.iiv I saw, my tyme how it did runne, as sand out of the glasse.
1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias xlvi. 102 To bring him a running glasse of an houre.
a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) ii. i. 165 Or foure and twenty times the Pylots glasse Hath told the theeuish minutes, how they passe. View more context for this quotation
1670 J. Eachard Grounds Contempt of Clergy 21 He is counted dull to purpose that is not able..to fasten upon any Text of Scripture; and to tear and tumble it till the Glass be out.
1711 Mil. & Sea Dict. (ed. 4) 11 Glasses, are the Hour, Four Hour, and Minute Glasses, us'd at Sea.
1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World iv. 137 At the turning of every glass during the night, we beat 3 ruffs on the drums.
1780 W. Cowper Table Talk 41 The glass that bids man mark the fleeting hour.
1831 E. J. Trelawny Adventures Younger Son III. xiii. 87 Every hour the ship's glass was turned.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Glass clear? Is the sand out of the upper part? asked previously to turning it, on throwing the log.
1871 J. Miller Songs Italy (1878) 71 I will wait in the pass Of death, until Time he shall break his glass.
b. The time taken by the sand of such a glass to run out. Nautical. Usually said of the half-hour glass; (hence) a glass: = half an hour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > period > hour > [noun] > specific part of an hour
prickOE
momentumOE
prickleOE
punctOE
mileway1370
momenta1398
pointa1398
half-hourc1420
quartera1500
glass1599
semi-hore1623
scruple1728
part1806
1599 J. Welsh in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. ii. 126 The 28. we lay sixe glasses a hull tarying for the pinesse.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) v. i. 226 Our Ship, Which but three glasses since, we gaue out split, Is tyte. View more context for this quotation
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 12 Glasses (which are but halfe houres).
1677 London Gaz. No. 1215/4 They engaged, and fought very briskly, during six Glasses.
1694 Narbrough's Acct. Several Late Voy. i. 186 So standing in North-east, sometimes two Glasses, that is one hour.
1758 S. Johnson Idler 20 May 57 The Bulldog engaged the Friseur..three glasses and a half.
1814 Sailor's Return i. vii There, my hearty, keep that but so half a glass, and Ise warrant you'll be sound as a roach.
c. figurative.
ΚΠ
1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 303 200 yeares agoe, the Towne was rich..But now, whither her glasse is runne..or [etc.].
1663 G. Williams Descr. Four Admirable Beasts 17 When their race is run, and their glass is out.
1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters i. 196 They are rendered..decrepid and old before half their glass is run.
1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece IV. ii. xxvii. 66 The glass of this worthless dynasty is run out.
7. A pane of glass, esp. the window of a coach, etc.; the plate of glass covering a picture; a glazed frame or case (e.g. for the protection of plants).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun] > glass > pane
glass1439
quarrel1458
pane1466
shive1527
quarry1537
square1688
lozena1722
yolk1802
magic pane1904
1439 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 117 The tabelet with the Image of oure lady with a glasse to-fore hit.
?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau Theatrum Mundi sig. R v b There faire eyes that are the windowes of all the bodie, and glasses of the soule.
1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) iii. 159 As Goldsmithes sometime cover their ware and Jewells with a Glasse, to make them shew the better.
1604 Rates Marchandizes sig. E2 Glasse for windowes.
1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 75 in Sylva Cover them [Plants] with glasses, having cloath'd them first with sweet and dry Moss.
1670 S. Wilson Lassels's Voy. Italy (new ed.) ii. 163 The stone vpon which the gridiron stood vpon which S. Laurence was broiled. Its couered with a great glasse through which you see it.
1697 tr. Countess D'Aunoy's Trav. (1706) 131 It had Glasses twice as big as my hand, made fast to each end of the coach, for the conveniency of calling to the Footmen.
c1710 C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 249 On Each side are Rowes of posts on wch are Glasses—Cases for Lamps wch are Lighted in ye Evening.
1717 M. Prior Alma iii. 234 He..Breaks watchmen's heads, and chairmen's glasses.
a1718 Motteux Epil. Vanbrugh's Mistake 18 We dare not..with a friend at night..With glass drawn up, drive about Covent-garden.
1782 W. Cowper Pineapple & Bee 20 While Cynthio ogles, as she passes The nymph between two chariot glasses.
1798 C. Marshall Introd. Knowl. & Pract. Gardening (ed. 2) xiv. 205 When the plants cannot be contained under the glasses, let them be carefully trained out.
1816 M. Keating Trav. (1817) II. 116 He lowers the front glass, and bids the..coachman drive him to his surgeon's.
1833 T. Hook Widow i, in Love & Pride I. 2 Bang went the door, up went the glass.
8.
a. A glass mirror, a looking-glass.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > mirror > [noun]
sunshineeOE
showerOE
glass13..
mirrorc1330
spectaclec1430
mirror glass1440
beryl-glass1540
reflecting glass?a1560
reflective1720
show-glass1810
shiner1819
13.. K. Alis. 4108 Theo maydenes lokyn in the glas, For to tyffen heore fas.
14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 623 Speculum, glasse.
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope ii. xvii Men sayen comynly who that beholdeth in the glas well he seeth hym self.
1545 Rates Custome House sig. biijv Glasses called lokyng glasses the groce .iiii.s.
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. M3 Poore broken glasse, I often did behold In thy sweet semblance, my old age new borne. View more context for this quotation
a1637 B. Jonson Under-woods ii. v. 40 in Wks. (1640) III The Glasse hangs by her side, And the Girdle 'bout her waste.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 311. ¶4 A Fop who admires his Person in a Glass.
1868 C. Dickens Let. 25 Feb. (2002) XII. 58 It is actually swelling his head as I glance at him in the glass while writing.
†b. Applied to a mirror of other material.
ΚΠ
1530 in N. H. Nicolas Privy Purse Expences Henry VIII (1827) 81 A payer of tabulls and chesses, A stele glasse [etc.].
?a1560 L. Digges Geom. Pract.: Pantometria (1571) i. xxi. sig. F iv v The best kinde of glasse for this purpose is of steele finely pullished.
1576 G. Gascoigne (title) The Steele Glas.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 114 Hauing placed a magical glasse of steele on the top.
1861 Our Eng. Home 116 The mirror..was made of beryl, or high polished steel, but called a glass.
c. poetic. Applied to water as a mirror.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > water > [noun] > like a mirror
glass1606
1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 87 Proud, that his glasse Gliding so swift, so soone re-youngs the grasse.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 844 The cleer Sun on his wide watrie Glass Gaz'd hot. View more context for this quotation
1716 J. Addison tr. Ovid Met. iv. Salmacis 37 In the limpid streams she views her face, And drest her image in the floating glass.
d. figurative.
ΚΠ
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry V f. lxxxiv He was the floure of kynges passed, and a glasse to them that should succede.
1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. *j To behold in the Glas of Creation, the Forme of Formes.
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 39 Louers that haue bene deceiued by fancie, the glasse of pestilence.
1607 T. Middleton Revengers Trag. iv. sig. H4 Buy thou a glasse for maides.
1673 W. Temple Observ. United Provinces i. 71 He began to see, in the glass of Time and Experience, the true shapes of all human Greatness and Designs.
1714 J. Fortescue-Aland in J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. Pref. 72 History and Antiquity is the Glass of Time.
1771 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) V. 283 We are to see the Creator in the glass of every creature.
18.. J. R. Lowell Poet. Wks. (1879) 387 Man, Woman, Nature, each is but a glass Where the soul sees the image of herself.
e. A magic mirror, a crystal, etc., used in magic art. Also glass of skill.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > [noun] > object used in
mirrorc1330
powderc1395
goblet1519
glass?1566
witchcraft1572
witch's cauldron1762
troll-drum1894
?1566 J. Alday tr. P. Boaistuau Theatrum Mundi sig. S vi b A childe, who after he had looked in a glasse shewed him of hys destruction.
1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xiii. xix. 316 The regular, the irregular, the coloured and cleare glasses.
1589 R. Robinson Golden Mirrour sig. G.4v He stept into his caue, And brought a glasse of Skill exceeding braue.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iv. i. 135 Yet the eight appeares, who beares a glasse, Which shewes me many more. View more context for this quotation
9.
a. A piece of glass shaped for a special purpose, e.g. one of the glasses of a pair of spectacles, a lens, a watch-glass.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun]
glass1545
optic1599
optic glass1607
perspicil1611
lenticular1658
spectacle-glass1682
lens1693
speculum1756
optical1944
lenslet1956
1545 Rates Custome House sig. biijv Glasses for spectacles.
1657 R. Ligon True Hist. Barbados 29 Not unlike the mould that the Spectacle makers grinde their glasses on.
1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 73 I provided me with a Prismatical Glass, made hollow, just in the form of a Wedge.
1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. iii. 24 Our artist..produced a correction of the defect by imitating, in glasses made from different materials, the effects of the different humours through which the rays of light pass before they reach the bottom of the eye.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. xvii. 320 Pleydell wiped the glasses of his spectacles.
1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions I. 390 Having cleaned the glasses of a good telescope, I hastened to the mast-head.
1833 N. Arnott Elements Physics (ed. 5) II. 208 Equally whether the lens be of water inclosed between glasses like watch-glasses, or of solid glass.
1833 N. Arnott Elements Physics (ed. 5) II. 211 The image or picture of the sun formed by that glass or lens.
1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 112 [A] Glass Height Gauge..is especially useful in fitting glasses to hunting watches where there is but little spare room.
b. A burning-glass.
ΚΠ
a1631 J. Donne To Mr. R. Woodward 21 in Wks. (Grosart) II. 76 As Men force the sun with much more force to passe, By gathering his beams with a christall glasse.
1672 J. Dryden Conquest Granada ii. v. ii. 148 For if that heat your glances cast, were strong; Your Eyes like Glasses, Fire, when held so long.
10. An optical instrument used as an aid to sight.
a. gen.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > [noun] > instrument for looking through
perspectivec1395
spectaclec1430
prospectionc1460
perspective glass1570
optic1599
optic glass1607
optical glassc1660
glass1700
1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical viii. 90 They view a single Shilling in a Multiplying Glass, which makes it appear a Thousand.
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. i. 20 How Sight is assisted by Glasses.
figurative.1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. iii. 206 'Tis only the half-reasoner, who..uses a glass full of flaws, that hunts for it in vain.1788 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall IV. xlvii. 553 (note) In the contemplation of a minute or remote object, I am not ashamed to borrow the aid of the strongest glasses.1847 L. Hunt Men, Women, & Bks. I. i. 6 The strong glass of science has put an end to the assumptions of fiction.
b. A telescope or other instrument for distant vision. More explicitly spyglass n., field glass n., opera glass n., etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instrument for distant vision > [noun]
glass1616
prospective glass1616
prospect-glass1617
prospectivea1635
prospect1639
spying-glass1682
spyglass1707
1616 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals II. i. 23 As a man..Taketh a glasse prospectiue good and true, By which things most remote are full in view.
1638 Bp. J. Wilkins Discov. New World (1707) iii. 26 By the help of Galileus's Glass..the Heavens are made more present to us than they were before.
1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 215 He used these glasses in Celestial Observations.
1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 102 We could see him..by our Glasses.
1779 G. Keate Sketches from Nature (ed. 2) II. 87 Three or four ladies..were come up with their glasses in their hands, to take a view of the new-arrived Indiamen.
1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack xxi. 149 A first-rate glass, Jack.
1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab vi. 99 Even without a glass we could distinctly make out Jerusalem.
c. A microscope. More explicitly magnifying glass (see magnifying adj. Compounds).
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > magnification or magnifying instruments > [noun] > microscope
glass1646
microscope1648
engyscope1685
engyscope1832
X-ray microscope1948
1646 J. Hall Horæ Vacivæ 185 Small peeces best commend themselves through a Magnifying Glasse.
1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 4 If you divide the Bee..you shall, without help of the glasse, see the heart beat most lively.
1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 162 Through an ordinary single Magnifying Glass.
1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 47 Every one knows (who has been conversant with Microscopes) that we have some Glasses which will magnify a simple Point..so as to [etc.].
a1780 J. Harris Philol. Inq. (1781) ii. v. 133 Those beings which, without the aid of glasses, even escape our perception.
1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 215 If the finger is..looked at through the stone with a watch maker's glass the grain of the skin will be plainly visible if the stone is not a diamond.
d. An eyeglass (eyeglass n.); (also in plural) spectacles.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > ophthalmology or optometry > aids to defective vision > [noun] > spectacles
spectaclec1386
a pair of spectacles1423
ocularies?a1425
barnaclea1566
eye1568
sight-glasses1605
glass eye1608
prospective glass1616
sights1619
prospectivea1635
nose-compasses1654
glass1660
lunettes1681
peeper1699
eyeglass1760
specs1807
winker1816
gig-lamps1853
nose-riders1875
window1896
cheaters1920
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed iii. 314 Well mounted, and glasses before his eyes to preserve them from the wind.
1747 W. Collins Odes 43 While ever varying as they pass, To some Contempt applies her Glass.
1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 288 Stationed there..With glass at eye, and catalogue in hand.
1790 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) IV. 490 My eyes were so dim, that no glasses would help me.
1814 M. Edgeworth Patronage II. xxiii. 332 Looking through her glass at the man who was lighting the argand lamps.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Grandmother xxvii, in Enoch Arden, etc. 127 Get me my glasses, Annie.
a1865 E. C. Gaskell Wives & Daughters (1866) I. xi. 131 My lady took off her glasses.
†11. transferred. The eyeball, the eye. poetic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [noun]
eyeeOE
the fleshly eyec1175
balla1400
window1481
glazier1567
light1580
crystal1592
orb1594
glass1597
optic1601
twinkler1605
lampa1616
watchera1616
wink-a-peeps1615
visive organa1652
ogle1673
peeper1691
goggle?1705
visual orb1725
orbit1727
winker1734
peep?1738
daylights?1747
eyewinker1808
keeker1808
glimmer1814
blinker1816
glim1820
goggler1821
skylight1824
ocular1825
mince pie1857
saucer1858
mince1937
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. iii. 201 Euen in the glasses of thine eyes, I see thy grieued heart. View more context for this quotation
1608 Yorkshire Trag. sig. D2v Oh were it lawfull that your prettie soules Might looke from heauen into your fathers eyes, Then should you see the penitent glasses melt.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. ii. 117 The smiles of Knaues Tent in my cheekes, and Schoole-boyes Teares take vp The Glasses of my sight. View more context for this quotation
1621 J. Fletcher et al. Trag. of Thierry & Theodoret v. i. sig. K4v Loue I must die, I faint, close vp my glasses.
12.
a. A weather-glass (weather-glass n.), a barometer.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > meteorological instruments > [noun] > barometer
barometer1666
glass1688
weather-glass1695
rain glass1862
1688 J. Smith Compl. Disc. Baroscope 66 Such times as the Wind sets..contrary in Nature to that Weather which the Glass predicts.
1710 R. Steele Tatler No. 214. ⁋4 A state weather-glass, that..presages all changes and revolutions in government, as the common glass does those of the weather.
1733 Ess. Hunting 34 When he..finds the Air moist..the Quicksilver in his Glass moderately high.
1843 Countess Granville Lett. (1894) II. 370 South-west wind, not sunny, glass at fair.
1867 C. Dickens Let. 13 Nov. (1999) XI. 478 The glass is rising high to-day.
b. A thermometer.
ΚΠ
1775 T. Hutchinson Diary 21 July I. 493 Warm like a New England day—the glasses in the shade about 75.
†III. In the sense of gloss.
13. [Perhaps another word; compare glass v., glaze v.1] = gloss n.2 1a, 1b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > dissimulation, pretence > semblance, outward show > [noun]
hue971
glozea1300
showingc1300
coloura1325
illusionc1340
frontc1374
simulationc1380
visage1390
cheera1393
sign?a1425
countenance?c1425
study?c1430
cloak1526
false colour1531
visure1531
face1542
masquery?1544
show1547
gloss1548
glass1552
affectation1561
colourableness1571
fashion1571
personage?1571
ostentation1607
disguise1632
lustrementa1641
grimace1655
varnish1662
masquerade1674
guisea1677
whitewash1730
varnish1743
maya1789
vraisemblance1802
Japan1856
veneering1865
veneer1868
affectedness1873
candy coating1885
simulance1885
window dressing1903
1552 [see glass-worm n. at Compounds 3].
a1569 A. Kingsmill Conf. containing Conflict with Satan Pref. sig. Aviiv, in Most Excellent & Comfortable Treat. (1577) The more shamefull facts he leadeth vs vnto, the more goodly glasse he setteth on them.
1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 89/1 By this meanes, he giueth greater glasse [Fr. plus grand lustre] to ye grace which he vseth.
1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie Pref. 30 It is no part of my secret meaning..to set vpon the face of this cause any fairer glasse, then the naked truth doth afford.
1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes To stringe silke or giue it a glasse.
1605 N. Breton Olde Man's Lesson (Grosart) 10/2 Sattens..with such a glasse, that you may almost see your face in it.
1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 220 To take away the dust from them, or to giue them a better glasse.

Compounds

C1.
a. Made of glass.Formerly often united with a hyphen.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [adjective] > made of or furnished with glass
glazen971
glassc1275
glassyc1440
glazed1591
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1891) v. v. 398 He..sende him glæs fulne wines [MS. Ca.; an glæs-fæt mid wine gefylled MS. B.].]
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8845 He nom his glæs-fat [c1300 Otho vrnal] anan & þe king mæh þer-on.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique ii. lxx. 419 Put them all together in a glasse vessell, or earthen one well glassed.
1635 Rates Merchandizes sig. D3 Glasse-pipes.
1651 J. French Art Distillation i. 36 That..Oyle may be better..if it be drawn in Balneo, with a gourd, and glasse-head.
1657 W. Coles Adam in Eden cviii. 154 The distilled water hereof, that is drawn forth with a Glasse-Still.
1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. ii. 88 Several Glass-Trunks, or Cylindrical Glass-Tubes.
1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 36 Take a small Glass-Cane about a foot long, seal up one end.
1676 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Acct. Voy. Athens 269 A kind of Glass-bottles that hold each of them three or four pints.
c1678 E. M. Thompson Corr. Family of Hatton (1878) I. 169 Neither the glass penns nor any other sorts are neare soe good [as steel pens].
1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 7 I was a dirty Glass-Bottle House Boy, sleeping in the Ashes.
1743 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer (ed. 2) III. 245 Some..use the Glass Stopple instead of the Cork.
1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. I. 439 If care be taken..to break the largest lumps with a glass-pestle or spatula.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 574 By boiling concentrated sulphuric acid in a glass vessel.
1853 Househ. Words 11 June 353/2 There is (or was) a famous glass-bead factory at Murano.
1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 101 Small bottles..closely fitted with glass stoppers.
1865 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1871) viii. 185 Glass lenses were employed to concentrate the rays.
b. Glazed, having pieces or panes of glass set in a frame. Cf. glass case n., glass-coach n., glasshouse n., etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [adjective] > having panes of glass
glassa1597
a1597 R. Wrag in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1599) II. i. 308 A turret of stone..hauing a great glasse-lanthorne in the toppe..with a great copper pan in the midst to holde oile, with twenty lights in it.
a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1957) III. 232 The Bees have made it their first work to line that Glasse-hive, with a crust of Wax, that they might work and not be discerned.
1699 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 9) 25 You may..have early Salads on the Hot-Bed, and under Glass Frames and Bells.
1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical x. 116 Every Coffee-House is Illuminated..without by a fine Glass-Lanthorn.
1834 Gentleman's Mag. 104 i. 208 He can look through a glass-door at the German Curiosity-chamber within.
1838 Penny Cycl. XI. 75 Peas or beans..such as are forced and require glass frames to protect them.
1845 G. P. R. James Smuggler III. 129 Sir Robert Croyland they found looking out of the glass-door.
1886 M. F. Tupper My Life as Author 240 Our glass-porch entrance at Albury.
1895 Daily News 23 Feb. 5/2 ‘We work in a glass hive’, said the late Lord Russell many years ago.
C2. General compounds.
a. Attributive.
glass business n.
glass-line n.
ΚΠ
1799 in Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1800) 3 330 I am 32 years of age, a widow, in the glass line, in London.
1823 Spirit of Public Jrnls. (1824) 211 He..is himself in the glass line..but is, at present, out of business.
glass-shop n.
ΚΠ
1639 W. Cartwright Royall Slave i. iii Would doe as much harme in a Kingdome, as a monkey in a Glasse-shop.
glass trade n.
b. Objective. Also glass-cutter n., glass-cutting n. at glass-cutter n. Derivatives.
(a)
glass-beveller n.
ΚΠ
1891 Daily News 16 June 6/6 Delegates..representing the glass-bevellers of the London and provincial branches.
glass-embosser n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > ornamental glass-work > [noun] > embossing > embosser
glass-embosser1858
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Glass-embosser, an ornamenter of glass.
glass-engraver n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > ornamental glass-work > [noun] > glass engraving > engraver
glass-engraver1858
wheel-engraver1961
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Glass-engraver, a workman who cuts figures on glass.
glass-grinder n.
ΚΠ
a1691 R. Boyle Wks. (1744) I. 255/2 The glass grinders often complain of the trouble they meet with in separating such bodies.
1769 Ann. Reg. 1768 113/1 The glass grinders assembled in a body to petition parliament for an augmentation of their wages.
glass-maker n.
ΚΠ
1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas sig. C.ij One that was, a Glassemaker in deede.
1750 tr. C. Leonardus Mirror of Stones 44 A certain stone, with which our glass~makers whiten their vessels.
glass-mender n.
ΚΠ
1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. iii. 21 When the smith and the glassemender, driue theire white and fury fires.
glass-painter n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > ornamental glass-work > [noun] > glass-colouring > glass-painting > painter
glass-painter1762
1762 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting I. vi. 118 He [sc. Marc Willems] made designs for most of the painters, glass-painters and arras-makers of his time.
glass-polisher n.
ΚΠ
1897 Daily News 13 May 8/5 T. A., glass-polisher, pleaded guilty to [etc.].
glass-seller n.
ΚΠ
1720 J. Strype Stow's Surv. of London (rev. ed.) II. v. xv. 240/2 The Glass-Sellers in London were much aggrieved at this.
glass-silverer n.
ΚΠ
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Glass-silverer, one who coats glass with quicksilver for mirrors, &c.
glass-stainer n.
ΚΠ
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Glass-stainer. See Glass-painter.
(b)
glass-annealing adj. (in quot. attributive).
ΚΠ
1842 G. W. Francis Dict. Arts Glass annealing furnace.
glass-bevelling n.
ΚΠ
1891 Daily News 3 Nov. 3/6 Employers who are interested in glass-bevelling.
glass-colouring n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > ornamental glass-work > [noun] > glass-colouring
annealinga1500
glass-colouring1875
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Glass-coloring, tinting glass by incorporating metallic oxides in its substance.
glass-embossing adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > ornamental glass-work > [noun] > embossing
glass-embossing1894
acid embossing1937
1894 Westm. Gaz. 17 July 3/1 The girls and women working in the..glass-embossing room.
glass-engraving n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > ornamental glass-work > [noun] > glass engraving
glass-engraving1875
wheel-engravinga1884
brilliant cut1933
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Glass-engraving.
glass-gilding n.
ΚΠ
1811 J. Parkins Young Man's Best Compan. 529 The most important secret in glass-gilding.
glass-grinding n.
ΚΠ
1775 J. Ash New Dict. Eng. Lang. Suppl. Glassgrinding.
glass-making n.
ΚΠ
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Vitrerie, a glasing or Glasse-making.
1871 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce i. ii. 44 Glass-making was certainly known to the Egyptians.
glass-painting n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > ornamental glass-work > [noun] > glass-colouring > glass-painting
glass-painting1847
1847 Ld. Lindsay Sketches Hist. Christian Art I. 110 Miniature and glass-painting..and similar..graceful branches of art.
glass-silvering n.
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Glass-silvering, glass for mirrors or ornamentation is silvered by one of two methods.
glass-soldering n.
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Glass-soldering.
glass-spinning n.
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Glass-spinning.
glass-staining n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > ornamental glass-work > [noun] > glass-colouring > glass-staining
glass-staining1858
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Glass-staining, the process of colouring or painting glass.
c. Similative.
glass-clear adj. cf. Old English glæs-hluttor)
ΚΠ
1890 Dominion Illustr. Christm. No. A lakelet whose water was waveless and glass-clear.
glass-coloured adj.
ΚΠ
a1661 B. Holyday tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) 174 It was sprinkled over with hyaline or glass-colour'd dust.
glass-green adj.
ΚΠ
1790 A. Wilson Poems 255 Loose from his side a glass-green horn he drew.
1912 E. Pound Ripostes 16 Out through the glass-green fields.
1939 T. S. Eliot Old Possum's Bk. Pract. Cats 40 He gives one flash of his glass-green eyes.
glass-grey adj.
ΚΠ
1910 W. de la Mare Three Mulla-mulgars vi. 81 Whose eyes were pink, rather than glass-grey.
1920 A. Huxley Leda 74 The glass-grey silver of rivers.
glass hard adj.
ΚΠ
1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 243 Round bars of glass-hard steel.
1889 Nature 7 Nov. 12 If steel has to be made glass-hard..mercury is used.
d. Parasynthetic and instrumental.
glass-bowled adj.
ΚΠ
1891 Daily News 28 May 6/1 That was with a glass-bowled lamp, whereas this was a brass and copper one.
glass-built adj.
ΚΠ
1781 E. Darwin Bot. Garden, Econ. Vegetation iv In glass-built fanes.
glass-cased adj. (cf. glass case n.).
ΚΠ
1901 Westm. Gaz. 30 Dec. 2/1 The black marble glass-cased clock.
1902 Westm. Gaz. 8 Feb. 2/1 The glass-cased eatables.
glass-clad adj.
ΚΠ
1961 Listener 28 Sept. 464/1 He would say that his glass-clad buildings bring man in contact with nature.
glass-covered adj.
ΚΠ
1898 Westm. Gaz. 11 Mar. 1/1 There is a spacious balcony, which opens into a glass-covered gallery.
glass-distilled adj.
ΚΠ
1956 Nature 10 Mar. 471/2 Dissolved in glass-distilled water.
glass-doored adj.
ΚΠ
1924 H. Crane Let. 23 Sept. (1965) 190 Books..in the glass-doored bookcase.
glass-fronted adj.
ΚΠ
1902 Westm. Gaz. 11 Aug. 9/1 The great glass-fronted, gilded coach.
1960 C. Day Lewis Buried Day v. 90 Theological works in glass-fronted bookcases.
glass-jewelled adj.
ΚΠ
1916 H. G. Wells Mr. Britling sees it Through i. ii. 55 Fastened with a large green glass-jewelled brooch.
glass-legged adj.
ΚΠ
1822 G. Wilkins et al. Body & Soul I. 43 The glass-legged stool of an electrifying apparatus.
glass-lidded adj.
ΚΠ
1947 C. L. Morgan Judge's Story xxx. 199 The girl sitting..at a glass-lidded table.
glass-lined adj.
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 980/2 Glass-lined pipe, one in which the metal of the outer pipe is protected from corrosion by any liquids.
1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 16 Feb. 72/1 There was the bottom unloading mechanism as with the glass-lined silo.
glass-panelled adj.
ΚΠ
1895 Westm. Gaz. 28 Jan. 5/1 A glass-panelled hearse drawn by four horses.
glass-sided adj.
ΚΠ
1901 ‘L. Malet’ Hist. Richard Calmady v. viii. 443 The glass-sided hearse.
glass-topped adj.
ΚΠ
1905 Westm. Gaz. 15 May 10/2 One of the compartments of the glass-topped case.
1966 A. La Bern Goodbye Piccadilly i. 10 Glass-topped tables furnished with ashtrays too heavy to steal.
glass-walled adj.
ΚΠ
1959 N. Mailer Advts. for Myself (1961) 397 The institutional world, the monumental world, the world of skyscrapers and glass-walled banks.
1963 B. Fozard Instrumentation Nucl. Reactors v. 57 In the latter the envelope is most commonly of glass (glass-walled tube).
C3.
glass-artist n. one who designs coloured or stained glass windows.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > ornamental glass-work > [noun] > glass-colouring > artist in
vitraillist1607
glass-artist1889
1889 H. A. Dodds Rep. Paris Exhib. 7 The glass-artist..when he designs a window, frankly recognizes these restrictions.
glass-ball n. a ball made of glass, used as an ornament or toy, a mark for shooting at, etc.
ΚΠ
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 22 It is full of Lamps, and curiosities in glass balls, of which one, for instance, contains a little galley.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Glass-balls,..circular or otherwise shaped hollow vessels of glass coloured within so as to imitate the semi~pellucid gems.
1880 M. Allan-Olney New Virginians II. 223 There are also hunting and fishing clubs, and glass-ball matches.
† glass-band n. Obsolete any one of the strips of lead for securing the panes of glass in a window.
ΚΠ
1577 in Burgh Rec. Glasgow (1876) 67 The said erle furnesand glasbandis, soilburdis, lyme, and sand.
glass-bell n. = bell-glass n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > glass case
case1600
bell1651
glass-bell1651
bell-glass1737
fernery1840
Wardian case1842
vivarium1853
terrarium1931
1651 J. French Art Distillation iii. 68 Over it hang a Glasse-bell.
1719 G. London & H. Wise J. de la Quintinie's Compl. Gard'ner (ed. 7) 309 We must sow upon it, under Glass-Bells, some good bright Curled Lettuce.
1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. vii. 88/1 Wert thou..covered up with even the largest imaginable Glass-bell.
† glass-belly n. Obsolete a bellied glass flask, serving the purpose of a retort.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > still > [noun] > other parts of still
bucket1594
shank1600
bolt-head1612
rostrum1654
glass-belly1681
still-head1694
condenser1874
1681 Table of Hard Words in S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Remaining Med. Wks. Balneum Mariæ, is a way of distilling with a glass-belly, holding the ingredients put into a vessel of water.
glass-blower n. one who blows and fashions glass.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > producer > glass-maker > [noun] > involved in specific process
glass-blower?1518
annealer1656
sarole-man1662
lamp-worker1665
leer man1849
founder1853
wetter-off1883
smalt-maker1921
smalter1923
presser1962
firer1998
?1518 Cocke Lorelles Bote sig. B.vjv Broche makers, glas blowers.
1872 J. Ruskin Eagle's Nest §139 A Venetian glass-blower swept you a curve of crystal from the end of his pipe.
glass-blowing n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with glass > [noun] > specific processes
annealing1662
snip-work1703
founding1783
glass-blowing1829
nibbling1850
lamp-working1925
1829 London Encycl. X. 230/2 Glass-blowing is the art of forming vessels of glass.
glass-breaker n. Scottish (perhaps) a tippler.
ΚΠ
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. vi. 114 I think we had better lie down, captain, if ye're no agreeable to another cheerer. But troth, ye're nae glass-breaker; and neither am I.
glass brick n. (see quot. 1909).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun] > glass > other shapes or forms of glass
table1482
cleft1688
tablet1688
glass fibre1824
glass wool1879
angel hair1888
glass brick1909
1909 Chem. Abstr. 3 1210 Glass Brick: A New Building Material... Description of a hollow glass brick. In use the brick is laid up in the usual way and the inside filled with concrete, forming a monolithic concrete wall with a glass surface.
1938 Archit. Rev. 83 205/2 (caption) The office counter, showing the glass-brick wall which is used as a display background.
glass-calm n. a calm when the sea is smooth as glass.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > state of sea > [noun] > calmness
calm1393
calmness1574
looking-glass calm1840
glass-calm1893
1893 Times 3 July 11/1 There was a glass calm down the Renfrew and Ayrshire shores.
1896 Daily News 12 June 6/7 A glass calm set in which stayed the cutter.
glass-cavity n. a cavity in a mineral filled with a glassy substance.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > mineral structure or appearance > [noun] > cavity
cell1665
negative crystal1831
glass-cavity1857
1857 Sorby in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 14 466 It appears to me that we cannot do better than adopt a term analogous to that so generally adopted for fluid-filled cavities, and call these glass-filled cavities glass-cavities.
1874 Ward in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 31 397 The augite crystals present many glass-cavities.
glass-chalcedony n. (see quot. 1753).
ΚΠ
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Glass-Chalcedony, a mixture of several ingredients, with the common matter of glass, will make it represent the semi-opake gems, the jaspers, agates, chalcedonies, &c.
glass-chord n. (see quot. 1825).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > other keyboard instruments > [noun] > others
ballarda1382
euphonon1824
glass-chord1825
aerophone1830
terpodion1834
orchestrino1838
panmelodicon1838
clavicylinder1880
dulcitone1888
panmelodion1890
celesta1899
Wurlitzer1925
obeophone1927
celeste1934
1825 J. F. Danneley Encycl. Music Glass chord, a clavier instrument, mounted with glass bars instead of strings.
glass-crab n. the larva of a palinuroid or scyllaroid shrimp.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Macrura > miscellaneous or unspecified types of shrimp
beard1611
shrimplet1688
garnel1694
water shrimp1745
pandle1746
brine-shrimp1836
brine-worm1836
squilloid1852
well shrimp1853
glass-crab1855
shrimp1856
snapping shrimp1941
1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. Glass-crab, the name given to species of the genus Phyllosoma which are as transparent nearly as glass.
1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals 356 The Glass-crabs, or Phyllosomata are singular marine pelagic crustacea.
1884–5 Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) II. 55 Loricata..the young forming the ‘glass crabs’, which formerly, under the name Phyllosoma, were regarded as adults.
glass-culture n. culture of fruit, etc., under glass.
ΚΠ
1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 19 June 14/1 Glass culture is also now so cheap.
glass-cupboard n. a glazed book-case.
ΚΠ
1711 Ld. Shaftesbury Characteristicks III. Misc. v. iii. 328 Folio's and other Volumes..on the advanc'd Shelves or Glass-Cupboards of the Lady's Closets.
glass disease n. (see quot. 1937).
ΚΠ
1902 Lancet 25 Oct. 1143/1 Lately it has been found that a peculiar ‘glass disease’ has broken out amongst the windows of York Cathedral.
1937 Burlington Mag. Nov. 218/1 There is..[a] sort of decay, proceeding from within, which is due to too large a proportion of alkali in the composition of the glass itself. This ‘glass disease’ (as it is often called) may, and generally does, show itself within a short time after making, and takes the form at first of an interior network of very fine cracks.
glass-drop n. = drop n. 10h.
ΚΠ
1662 C. Merrett tr. A. Neri Art of Glass 353 An Account of the Glass drops. These Drops were first brought into England by His Highness Prince Rupert out of Germany.
1723 J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Syst. Nat. Philos. I. i. xxii. 137 The scattering about of the Particles of the Glass-drop, is owing to [etc.].
glass-dust n. powdered glass, used for grinding and polishing.
ΚΠ
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. ii. 420 We..in glasse-dust did commence To draw the round Earths faire circumference.
glass-eel n. (see quot. 1840).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > subclass Actinopterygii > subdivision Teleostei > [noun] > order Anguilliformes > family Leptocephalidae > member of
leptocephalus1769
glass-eel1840
leptocephalan1842
leptocephalid1882
1840 F. D. Bennett Narr. Whaling Voy. II. 267 The Glass-Eel, or Small-Head. (Leptocephalus, Sp.). This is one of the most extraordinary and paradoxical fishes the ocean affords.
glass-enamel n. (see quot. 1875).
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Glass-enamel, a semi-lucid or an opaque glass, which owes its milkiness to the addition of binoxide of tin.
glass-faced adj. reflecting, like a mirror, the looks of another.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [adjective] > reproducing or repeating in a copy > by reflection or reflected
mirrorly1434
glass-faceda1616
mirrored1821
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) i. i. 59 The glasse-fac'd Flatterer. View more context for this quotation
glass-furnace n. a furnace in which the materials of glass are fused.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > glass-making furnaces
glass-furnace1632
calcar1662
leer1662
pot furnace1839
blowing-furnace1875
tank furnace1879
1632 R. Sherwood Dict. in R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues (new ed.) A Glasse-furnace, verriere.
1671 J. Locke Ess.: Draft B (1931) §39. 93 The glowing heat of a glass furnace.
1880 Harper's Mag. Dec. 63 Since..Pittsburgh's first glass furnace in 1796 this industry has found in that city..congenial soil.
glass-gall n. a whitish salt scum cast up from glass in a state of fusion.
ΚΠ
1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 69/1 Take glassegaule, or Cristalle.
1683 J. Pettus Fleta Minor (1686) i. 246 Mingle it with fluss, and a little Glass-galls.
1832 G. R. Porter Treat. Manuf. Porcelain & Glass 166 A white porous scum, known by the name of sandiver or glass-gall, rises through the mass.
glass-gazing adj. given to contemplating oneself in a mirror.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > self-esteem > vanity > [adjective]
self-liking1580
self-loved1590
self-admiring1592
self-loving1593
self-liked1599
glass-gazing1608
coxcombly1610
self-admired1621
coxcombical1649
self-idolizing1649
vain1692
flashy1693
vaunty1724
coxcombic1730
self-idolized1766
narcissine1805
foofaraw1848
vanitous1900
narcissistic1915
narcistic1918
dicty1920
narcissist1934
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vii. 16 A whorson glassegazing superfinicall rogue. View more context for this quotation
† glass-gilt adj. Obsolete thinly coated with a glassy surface.
ΚΠ
c1684 Frost of 1683–4 (Percy Soc.) 28 Whilst on its glass gilt face strange buildings stand.
glass-glazed adj. (of pottery) having a glaze of substantial thickness.
ΚΠ
1883 J. W. Mollett Illustr. Dict. Art & Archæol. Glass-glazed wares.
glass-grenade n. a grenade with case made of glass instead of metal.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > [noun] > grenade
trombe1562
grenade1591
grenado1611
granata1637
hand grenade1637
bag-granado1638
shell1647
glass-grenade1664
globe1672
flask1769
petrol bomb1903
rifle grenade1909
hairbrush1916
Mills1916
pineapple bomb1916
stick grenade1917
fragmentation bomb1918
pineapple1918
potato-masher grenade1925
spitball1925
Molotov cocktail1940
sticky bomb1940
stick-bomb1941
red devila1944
stun grenade1977
flash-bang1982
1664 J. Evelyn Mem. 4 Feb. I had discourse with the King about an invention of glass-grenades.
glass-height-gauge n. an instrument for measuring the height of watch-glasses.
ΚΠ
1884Glass-height gauge [see sense 9a].
† glass-helmet n. Obsolete a glass covering used by early chemists as a protection for the head.
ΚΠ
1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall viii. 64 The wide Orifice (which in common Glass-Helmets is the onely one).
glass-metal n. glass in a state of fusion.
ΚΠ
a1626 F. Bacon Physiol. Remains in Baconiana (1679) 97 Let proof be made of the incorporating of Copper or Brass with Glass-Metal.
glass-mosaic n. (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > mosaic > [noun] > type of mosaic
opus alexandrinum1852
Florentine mosaic1854
glass-mosaic1854
1854 F. W. Fairholt Dict. Terms Art Glass-mosaic, a modern Italian work in imitation of the antique..formed of small squares of coloured glass..and used for brooches [etc.].
a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) I. 178 The introduction of..glass mosaic on the tombs of the builder and rebuilder of the Abbey.
glass-mould n. (see quot. 1875).
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Glass-mold, a metallic shaping-box in which glass is pressed or blown to form.
glass nautilus n. (see quot. 1836).
ΚΠ
1836 Penny Cycl. VI. 294/1 The shells of this genus [Carinaria] were formerly known to collectors under the name of..‘Glass Nautilus’.
† glass-ore n. Obsolete a rich kind of silver ore.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > ore > [noun] > metal ore > silver ore > types of
glass-ore1683
goose-silver-ore1776
silver glass1797
silver-glance1805
goose-dung-ore1858
1683 J. Pettus tr. L. Ercker i. ii. 5 in Fleta Minor i Glass-Oars (as the cheifest of the leaden Coloured Oars) almost to be compared to the best digested Silver.
glass-organist n. (perhaps) a performer on the musical glasses.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > instrumentalist > other instrumentalists > [noun] > player on musical glasses
glass-organist1759
1759 T. Gray Let. 1 Dec. in Corr. (1971) II. 653 The fire is said to have begun in the chamber of that poor glass-organist who lodged at a coffee-house in Swithin's-Alley.
glass-oven n. (see quot. 1875).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > furnace > [noun] > glass-making furnaces > specific areas
fine-arch1816
pot arch1819
bank1828
siege1839
glass-oven1875
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Glass-oven, a heated chamber in which just-made glass in sheets or ware is placed to cool gradually.
glass-paper n. paper covered with finely powdered glass for polishing or smoothing wood, bone, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > shaping tools or equipment > [noun] > smoothing > glasspaper, sandpaper, or cloth
shaving-cloth1427
shaving-linen1512
scouring papera1756
emery-paper1772
glass-paper1815
sandpaper1825
glass-cloth1873
sander1895
1815 Niles' Weekly Reg. 9 94/2 Glass paper [was manufactured].
1847 A. C. Smeaton Builder's Pocket Man. (new ed.) 97 This being done, the work may be cleaned off with a piece of glass-paper.
glass-paper v. transitive to rub or polish with glass-paper.
ΚΠ
1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 84/1 Take a sheet of the finest glass-paper, and when the first coating of varnish is perfectly dry, glass-paper the whole surface, and make it smooth as before.
glass-plate n. †(a) (see quot. 1635); (b) a sheet of glass.
ΚΠ
1635 Rates Merchandizes sig. D3 Glasse plates or sights for Looking-Glasses vnfoyled.
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 579 In forming glass-plates by the extension of a cylinder into a plane, the workman first [etc.].
glass-pock n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > eruptive diseases > [noun] > other eruptive diseases
gutta rosaceac1400
spotted death1623
spotted fever1623
horse-pox1656
flock-pox1672
hog pox1676
spotted pestilence1783
salt rheum1809
molluscum1813
molluscum contagiosum1817
grease-pox1822
horn-pox1822
date fever1836
glass-pock1858
molluscum sebaceum1866
verruga1873
furunculosis1886
gutta rubea1886
flannel rash1888
vaccinide1889
rubeoloid1893
pox1897
veld sores1898
spotted sickness1899
sweat-rash1899
synanthema1899
sporotrichosis1908
alastrim1911
pseudoxanthoma elasticum1933
monkeypox1960
scleromyxœdema1964
yusho1969
1858 B. Ridge Health & Dis. 118 The superfluity of the acid and acrid materials in children will beget glass-pock.
glass-porcelain n. (see quot. 1753).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > porcelain > imitation porcelain
glass-porcelain1753
semi-china1825
softwares1850
semi-porcelain1886
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Glass porcelain, the name given by many to a modern invention of imitating the china ware with glass.
glass-pot n. a pot or crucible used for fusing the materials of glass in a glass-furnace.
ΚΠ
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Glass Pots.
1836 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 4) ii. vi. 865 The glass-pots are placed round a dome-shaped furnace..there are generally six in each furnace.
glass-pox n. an eruptive disease, Varicella coniformis.
ΚΠ
1879 St. George's Hosp. Rep. 9 603 The patient had in his youth suffered from scarlatina and ‘glass-pox’.
glass-press n. (see quot. 1875).
ΚΠ
1875 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Glass-press, a device to apply pressure to glass in a mold while in a plastic state.
glass-proof n. (see quots. 1842).
ΚΠ
1842 G. W. Francis Dict. Arts Glass proofs, see Bologna Phials. Bologna Phials or Proofs are small round bottles of unannealed glass, which fly to pieces directly anything angular is dropped into them.
glass-rope n. (also glass-rope sponge) the genus Hyalonema (hyalonema n.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Parazoa > phylum Porifera > class Hexactinellida > [noun] > member of genus Hyalonema
glass-rope1873
hyalonema1873
glass-sponge1875
1873 C. Kingsley Glaucus (ed. 5) 86 Hyalonemas, or glass-rope sponges.
† glass-salt n. Obsolete = glass-gall n.
ΚΠ
1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. v. §21 Of Sandiver, or Glass Salt.
glass-sand n. sand used in the manufacture of glass.
ΚΠ
1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. 139 The glass-sand used in this country is chiefly derived from the Eocene beds of the Isle of Wight, and from the sand-dunes on the borders of the Bristol Channel.
† glass-set adj. Obsolete put into shape before a mirror.
ΚΠ
1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie ii. vi. sig. E8 Then Muto comes with his new glasse-set face.
glass-shaped adj. shaped like a drinking-glass, cyathiform.
ΚΠ
1776–96 W. Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 201 Male, nectary in the centre; glass-shaped.
1854 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Glass-shaped. See Cyathiformis.
glass-shell n. a name given to certain molluscs (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Mollusca > [noun] > miscellaneous types > other types of mollusc
squame1393
shell-worm1591
spout-fish1594
pentadactyl1601
sea cucumber1601
pirot1611
worm1621
nun-fish1661
scarlet mussel1672
sea-navel1678
redcap?1711
strawberry cockle1713
sea-finger1748
sea-nail1748
sea-acorn1755
coneya1757
compass1776
bubble shell1818
glass-shell1851
golden comb1857
cryptodont1893
nuculoid1960
1851 P. H. Gosse Man. Marine Zool. 220 Glass shells (a. Hyalea tridentata; b. Cleodora pyramidata).
1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. Glass-shell, species of Hyalea, whose shells look as if they had been blown out of the thinnest glass.
1879 W. Rossiter Illustr. Dict. Sci. Terms (at cited word) Glass shell = Carinaria, belongs to Gasteropoda.
glass-shrimp n. a larval form of certain stomatopodous crustaceans.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Stomatopoda > member of > larval
glass-shrimp1879
1879 W. Rossiter Illustr. Dict. Sci. Terms (at cited word) Glass shrimp = Erichthus.
glass silk n. (see quot. a1884).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun] > glass > other glass materials
glass silka1884
foam glass1948
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 405/1 Glass silk, a product obtained by winding fine threads of glass in fusion on rapidly rotating and heated cylinders.
1937 Archit. Rev. 82 120 Glass silk has been used for the sound insulation of internal partitions.
glass silkworm n. the cylinder on which glass silk is spun.
ΚΠ
1899 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 48 64/1 Should they [sc. bubbles] pass into the glass silk-worms, the continuity of the thread would be broken.
glass-slag n. the refuse of glass-manufacture.
ΚΠ
1612 S. Sturtevant Metallica xv. 107 Glasse-slage is a liquid materiall of a glassie substance.
1878 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) IV. 408 Glass-slag.
glass slipper n. [mistranslation of French pantoufle en vair fur slipper, mistaken for verre glass] a slipper made of glass, esp. the one lost by Cinderella in the fairy-tale.
ΚΠ
1729 R. Samber tr. C. Perrault Histories 73 (title) Cinderilla: or, The little Glass Slipper.
1819 M. Wilmot Let. 21 Dec. (1935) 46 Cinderella in her glass slippers and Fairy gifted finery was dull to the brilliancy of every creature.
1969 ‘J. Munro’ Innocent Bystanders iv. 64 If Cinderella had lost her glass slipper in New York, Loomis had said, her foot would have been in it all the time.
glass-snail n. a snail of the genus Vitrina, having a thin translucent shell.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Gastropoda > [noun] > order Pulmonifera > Inoperculata > family Helicidae > member of genus Vitrina
glass-snail1854
1854 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca ii. 163 Glass-snail.
glass-snake n. (a) a large limbless lizard, Ophiosaurus ventralis, with a very brittle tail, common in the southern U.S.; (b) a lizard of the genus Pseudopus.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Anguidae > member of genus Ophiosaurus (glass-snake)
snakec1000
chain-snake1737
glass-snake1737
joint-snake1796
sheltopusik1841
ophiosaurian1882
ophisaur1890
1737 Dr. Mortimer in Philos. Trans. 1735–6 (Royal Soc.) 39 258 Cæcilia maculata: The Glass-Snake.
1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) I. 221 The glass snake..A small blow with a stick will separate the body, not only at the place struck, but at two or three other places, the muscles being articulated in a singular manner, quite through to the vertebra.
1884–5 Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) III. 434 Pseudopus gracilis, the Khasya glass-snake..inhabiting the Khasya Hills of India.
glass-soap n. Glass-making (a name given to) peroxide of manganese (see quot. 1832).
ΚΠ
1832 G. R. Porter Treat. Manuf. Porcelain & Glass 148 Black oxide of manganese has long been used for clearing glass from any foul colour which it might accidentally possess through the impurity of the alkali employed..This property..occasioned it to be anciently known as glass soap.
glass-sponge n. = glass-rope n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Parazoa > phylum Porifera > class Hexactinellida > [noun] > member of genus Hyalonema
glass-rope1873
hyalonema1873
glass-sponge1875
1875 Scribner's Monthly Nov. 42 Glass-sponges.
1884 tr. J. J. Rein Japan: Trav. & Res. 486 The well-known glass-sponge (Hyalonema Sieboldi).
† glass-stone n. Obsolete a kind of transparent stone, (perhaps) mica; (also perhaps) Brazilian pebble.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > phyllosilicate > [noun] > mica
glass-stone1601
ice-glass1664
daze1671
glimmer1683
isinglass1750
isinglass-stone1751
marienglas1762
mica1778
sheep's silver1814
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 54 The hither part [of Spain] aboundeth besides with stone glasses, or glasse stones [L. specularibus lapidibus].
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 595 The best plastre..is..made of the Talc or the glasse stone aforesaid.
1635 Rates Merchandizes sig. D3 Glasse stone plates for Spectacles rough the dozen.
glass-tinner n. the workman who applies tin-foil to mirror-plates.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > worker who coats or plates > looking-glasses with foil
foiler1617
glass-tinner1839
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 592 The glass-tinner..taking a sheet of tinfoil adapted to his purpose..spreads it on the table, and applies it closely with a brush.
glass-ware n. articles made of glass.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun] > glass > glass-work or glassware
glassery1663
glass-ware1725
glass-work1725
glaziery1841
1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. xxiii. 404 Glass Ware from Sturbridge.
c1850 Arabian Nights (Rtldg.) 225 He was a poor man, who had laid out the little money he possessed in a basket of glassware.
glass-wave n. (see quot. 1901).
ΚΠ
1901 M. W. Travers Exper. Study Gases xix. 274 Waves appear to be formed, but they are propagated through the glass and not through the gas; ‘glass-waves’ may be recognised by the spiral appearance of the dust-heaps to which they give rise.
† glass-weed n. Obsolete = glasswort n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Chenopodiaccae (goose-foot and allies) > [noun] > glasswort or barilla
glass-weed1568
alkali1578
kali1578
glasswort1597
rock samphire1597
saltwort1597
soda1658
barilla1766
kelpwort1787
Salsola1801
roly-poly1857
Russian thistle1884
1568 W. Turner Herbal iii. 37 It maye be called also Glaswede, because the ashe of it serve to make glas with.
1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 101 A Plant..which the Botanists call Kali..and we..Glass-weed.
glass-wing n. any butterfly with wings that are wholly or partly transparent.
glass wool n. (see quot.).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun] > glass > other shapes or forms of glass
table1482
cleft1688
tablet1688
glass fibre1824
glass wool1879
angel hair1888
glass brick1909
1879 English Mechanic 30 May 282/3 The patentee, therefore, proposes to employ..glass wool.
1885 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Glass-wool, glass spun out to a very fine fibre. Used in the filtration of acids.
1962 A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 239 Soft absorbers (glass wool, fibre board, etc.)..are poor absorbers at low frequencies.
glass-worm n. the glow-worm (cf. glare-worm n. at glare v. Compounds 2, glaze-worm n. at glaze n. Compounds 2).
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Diversicornia > family Lampyridae > lampyris noctiluca (glow-worm)
glow-wormc1320
gold worm?c1475
glowbard?a1500
silver-worm?a1500
glose-worm1519
glass-worm1552
glaze-worm1578
glare-worm1607
night-worm1774
glow-bug1781
fireworm1821
glow-beetle1860
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Glasse worme or grene worme, whiche shyneth in the nyghte wyth a glasse lyke golde, cantharis, cantharida.
1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 976 In English, Glow-worm, Shine-worm, Glass-worm.
† glass-wright n. Obsolete = glazier n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > worker with glass > [noun]
glazer1408
verrer1415
glass-wrightc1440
glazener1585
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 198/1 Glasse wryte..vitrarius.
1627 Dumbarton Burgh Rec. in J. Irving Hist. Dumbartonshire (1860) 478 Thay ordanit the glasswryt mak up a new glas to the Tolbooth in the loist windo.

Derivatives

glass-like adj. and adv.
ΚΠ
1616–61 B. Holyday tr. Persius Sat. 309 How he swells, And breaks with glass-like choller.
1621 M. Wroth Countesse of Mountgomeries Urania 180 Sometimes would hee..cast a glasse of comfort on him, but glasse-like was it brittle.
1660 J. Dryden Astræa Redux 11 For by example most we sinn'd before, And glass-like clearness mixt with frailty bore.
1889 J. J. Hissey Tour in Phaeton 190 The Mirror Broad..may not be always so smooth and glass-like as when we saw it.

Draft additions 1997

glass ceiling n. originally U.S. an unofficial or unacknowledged barrier to personal advancement, esp. of a woman or a member of an ethnic minority in employment. Also transferred.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle > to personal advancement
glass ceiling1984
1984 Adweek (U.S.) 15 Mar. (Mag. World 1984 Suppl.) 39/2 Women have reached a certain point—I call it the glass ceiling. They're in the top of middle management and they're stopping and getting stuck.
1988 New Scientist 8 Oct. 62/3 Sadly, astronomers from all countries report a ‘glass ceiling’. The proportion of women is highest for the lower grades.
1991 Newsweek 11 Mar. 57/1 In the Army, where three in 10 enlistees are African-American, 11 percent of the officers are black. Advances in the ranks are obstructed by ‘glass ceilings’, where networking and old-boyism still speed the advance of mediocre whites.
1994 Daily Tel. 25 Aug. 25/1 After several spirited assaults, the FT-SE's 3200 glass ceiling finally gave way yesterday, allowing the index to close sharply higher after a day of drifting.
1995 Economist 7 Jan. 5/3 For most top amateurs there is a glass ceiling on the professional circuit, and it does not take them long to hit it.

Draft additions March 2012

glass ionomer n. Dentistry a material used as a cement and for fillings, made from a powdered silicate glass bonded with an ionomer such as polyacrylic acid; frequently attributive.
ΚΠ
1971 A. D. Wilson & B. E. Kent in Jrnl. Appl. Chem. & Biotechnol. 21 313/1 A new type of translucent cement for dental purposes, termed the glass-ionomer cement, is reported.
1989 Brit. Jrnl. Orthodontics 16 77 Many orthodontists favour glass ionomers for band cementation.
2002 Washington Post 26 Mar. (Home ed.) f4/4 When a dentist ascertains that a patient's tooth is likely to continue decaying after the filling is in, he may recommend a glass ionomer filling.
2005 Allergy Apr. 19/2 The NHS still uses amalgam mercury fillings as they're cheaper than alternatives, such as glass ionomer, so I'm campaigning to have them banned.

Draft additions December 2016

glass harmonica n. A musical instrument consisting of a row of rotating, concentric glass bowls of different sizes, each of which produces a different note when the tip of a finger is rubbed around the moistened rim. Later, more generally: any instrument which uses glassware tuned to produce musical tones: see finger glass n. (b) at finger n. Compounds 2a.Although there have been various mechanical and motorized models, the most common form resembles the Armonica instrument invented in 1761 by Benjamin Franklin (see harmonica n. 1a) in which the bowls are fitted on an axis turned by a treadle and dipping into a trough of water.
ΚΠ
1805 Sketch of Performances Large Theatre, Lyceum 8 Two Automatons... The second, is a Figure of a young lady, who plays..on a species of Glass Harmonica, or Musical Glasses.
1862 C. F. Pohl Cursory Notices Origin & Hist. Glass Harmonica 3 Visitors [to the Exhibition] will for the first time have an opportunity to see an almost forgotten instrument—the Glass Harmonica. This instrument consists of a number of bells of crystal or glass, in progressive order, which..are set in motion by the foot.
1904 Catal. Crosby Brown Coll. Musical Instruments: Europe (Metrop. Mus. Art) 220 Glass Harmonica. Thirty-five hemispherical glasses arranged on a central rod. The original instrument gave a compass of three octaves.
1991 S. J. Gould Bully for Brontosaurus xii. 187 He heightened the effect with music played on the ethereal tones of a glass harmonica, the instrument that Benjamin Franklin had developed.
2013 A. McKinty I hear Sirens in Street 12 The melody was carried by a glass harmonica, a really weird instrument that reputedly made its practitioners go mad.

Draft additions December 2016

Surfing. In the manufacture of surfboards: fibreglass; spec. resin-saturated fibreglass used as a coating on a board or, more usually, a foam blank, in order to strengthen it. Cf. glass v. Additions.Earliest in glass-covered. [Short for fibreglass n.]
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > water sports except racing > surfing > [noun] > surfboard > equipment for
glass1962
wax1962
board sock1990
1962 Surfer Q. Spring 20/3 With the advent of fibreglass, board sizes have been reduced..to 24 pound, graceful, easily handled boards of glass-covered balsa.
1965 P. L. Dixon Compl. Bk. Surfing 194 Boards can be single or double coated with glass.
1996 D. Werner Longboarder's Start-up i. 27 It's nice to get a heavier seal of glass and resin because the board will last longer.
2015 W. Finnegan Barbarian Days (2016) 132 I wanted a single layer of six-ounce glass on the bottom, six and four on the deck, with a rail overlap.

Draft additions June 2017

through (or in) a glass darkly: from an obscured, distorted, or incomplete perspective. Frequently in to see through a glass darkly: to perceive the true nature of God, existence, etc., imperfectly or indistinctly. Chiefly with allusion to 1 Corinthians 13:12 (see quot. 1560).
ΚΠ
1560 Bible (Geneva) 1 Cor. xiii. 12 For now we se through a glasse darkely: but then shal we se face to face.
1593 W. Perkins Two Treat. ii. 79 And men inlightened & regenerate in this life do but see as in a glasse darkly.
1656 J. Owen Of Mortification of Sinne 158 We see through a glasse darkely... It is not a Telescope that helps us to see things afar of.
1760 R. Wetherald Perpetual Calculator ii. i. 68 Let us praise him..for the wonders he has shewn us, although but through a glass darkly.
1838 Knickerbocker Mar. 207 The almanac..foretold, although ‘as in a glass darkly’, the phenomena of the weather.
1920 Harper's Mag. Feb. 384/1 The chemical nature of these odiferous bodies is beginning to show itself—but as through a glass, darkly.
2009 Independent 19 Sept. 15/2 One thing is certain: we see through a glass darkly when it comes to time.

Draft additions September 2018

glass shot n. Cinematography a shot taken through a sheet of glass bearing a painted or photographed image of part of the setting, which has been placed in front of the camera so that the image blends with the live action footage.This technique was popular in the early 20th century.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > shot > [noun] > types of
long shot1858
glass shot1908
close-up1913
aerial shot1920
angle shot1922
medium shot1925
far-away1926
travelling shot1927
zoom1930
zoom shot1930
process shot1931
close-medium shot1933
medium close-up1933
reverse angle1933
reverse shot1934
three-shot1934
tilt shot1934
medium-close shot1937
reaction shot1937
tracking shot1940
pan shot1941
stock shot1941
Dutch angle1947
cheat shot1948
establishing shot1948
master-scene1948
trucking shot1948
two-shot1949
bridging shot1951
body shot1952
library shot1953
master shot1953
mid shot1953
MS1953
pullback1957
MCU1959
noddy1982
arc shot1989
pop shot1993
1908 Oct. 1908 Subj. No. 12 Glass Shot Gaumont 11 Oct. (Univ. of Texas, Austin, Harry Ransom Center, Norman O. Dawn Coll., display card 10B) Glass shot of old prison with walls, roofs, windows etc painted in.
1925 Motion Picture News 26 Sept. 1473/2 Instead of the ‘glass shots’ which we are now using frequently, the Germans are adhering to solidly built miniatures.
1948 Screen Writer May 12/2 It would be impossible to duplicate the bomb blasted city with background or glass shots.
2005 R. Morton King Kong iii. 103 The initial shot of the sequence is a conventional glass shot in which a real boat full of live actors is composited with a glass painting of the sheer cliffs and forbidding coastline of an island.

Draft additions December 2019

glass lizard n. any of various lizards of the subfamily Anguinae (family Anguidae), members of which are long-bodied and snake-like, mostly lacking legs, and characterized by having tails that break off easily.
ΚΠ
1890 Gleanings Bee Culture 1 May 319/1 The common name, glass or joint lizard, comes from its breaking apart when struck or caught.
1960 Ecology 41 203/2 Ophisaurus ventralis—The eastern glass lizard occurs in the Upper and Lower Austral life-zones, though most of its range is within the latter life-zone.
2014 New Indian Express (Nexis) 26 Aug. It isn't easy to separate the glass lizard from a snake, but the former has eyelids [and] an ear opening.

Draft additions December 2022

the glass is half full and variants: used to refer to an optimistic outlook on a situation or life in general. Conversely the glass is half empty and variants: used to refer to a pessimistic outlook. In later use also in glass-half-full and glass-half-empty as adjectives, designating optimistic or pessimistic people, outlooks, etc. Cf. half adv. Phrases 3.
Π
1939 Old Line (Univ. Maryland) 9 No. 3. 17/1 Adage. An optimist is one whose glass is half full; a pessimist is one whose glass is half empty.
1968 Life 23 Feb. (advt.) Is the glass half empty or half full? If you think it's half empty, maybe the Peace Corps is not for you.
1988 F. Ridenour Untying your Knots iii. 37 It all goes back to your glass-half-empty view of life.
1993 New Yorker 18 Oct. 42/3 Mr. King seems like a real glass-half-full kind of guy.
2017 C. Wang Takedown xi. 53 Ailey got stuck with the smallest bedroom in the brownstone, but glass half-full, it had the largest closet.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online December 2022).

† glassn.2

Etymology: < Old French glas, glais.
Obsolete. rare.
A resounding noise.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > [noun] > resonant sound
dunning1440
resounda1460
glass1483
taratantara1553
diapason1589
roll1818
1483 Cath. Angl. 158/1 A Glasse of ringynge or trumpynge, classicum.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

† glassadj.

Forms: Also glase.
Etymology: perhaps < glass n.1; but compare Welsh glas, grey.
Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > green or greenness > [adjective] > greyish green
glass1547
sage-coloured1596
sage1785
sage-greeny1884
Marina green1991
1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. xiii The third is of a glase or a grenyshe colour.
1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. xliiiv Some [men] hathe glase or dankysshe skyns.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

glassv.

Brit. /ɡlɑːs/, /ɡlas/, U.S. /ɡlæs/
Etymology: < glass n.1; compare glaze v.1, which represents an equivalent older formation.
1. transitive. To fit or fill in with glass; = glaze v.1 Now rare.
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society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with glass > work with glass [verb (transitive)] > glaze
glazec1369
englassc1425
glass1540
glazen1566
1540 in T. Wright Churchwardens' Accts. Ludlow (1869) 1 To master glasier for glassynge the wyndous.
1599 J. Minsheu Percyvall's Dict. Spanish & Eng. To Glasse or glaze.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Devon 257 The Lady glassing the Window in her husbands absence..caused one child more then she then had, to be set up.
1665 J. Cosin Corr. (1872) II. 114 Are the windows well and fairly glassed, the floor..well and even layd?
a1861 A. H. Clough Poems & Prose Remains (1869) II. 97 [The sun] Southwestering now, thro' windows plainly glassed.
1886 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester Glass v. to glaze. Glassing the windows is to put the panes into their frames.
2.
a. To protect by a covering of glass, to enclose or case in glass (rare). Also (nonce-use), to keep away (from the air) by enclosing in glass.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with glass > work with glass [verb (transitive)] > enclose or case in glass
glass1598
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost ii. i. 244 As Iewels in Christall for some Prince to buy. Who tendring their owne worth from where they were glast, Did poynt you to buy them along as you past.
a1807 W. Wordsworth Prelude (1959) ix. 318 Tranquil, almost, and careless as a flower Glassed in a Green-house.
1886 Cent. Mag. 32 863/1 As if a boy were an orchid or other frail exotic to be glassed away from the rough air of manhood.
†b. To put into a glass vessel for the purpose of storing or keeping, to bottle. Also to glass up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > pickle or preserve [verb (transitive)] > preserve in other vessel
bottle1723
glass1728
jar1747
1728 E. Smith Compl. Housewife (ed. 2) 155 When your Quinces are clear..glass them up, and when they are cold, paper them and keep them in a Stove.
1728 E. Smith Compl. Housewife (ed. 2) 182 When the Syrup will jelly and the Oranges look clear, they are enough; then glass them with the holes uppermost, and pour the Syrup upon them.
c. To put (bees) into a glass hive.
ΚΠ
1791 Trans. Soc. Arts 9 108 I endeavoured to prevent such an increase by glassing them; but many of the stocks warmed before the glasses or small hives were full.
†3.
a. To cover with a vitreous or glass-like surface; = glaze v.1 2. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with coating or covering materials > work with coating or covering materials [verb (transitive)] > lustre or glaze
glazec1400
glass1577
regloss1609
glazen1657
lustrate1688
lustre1883
1577 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Three Bookes i. f. 8 Glasse or Tinne [vessels] or any other thing glassed.
1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. ii, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. L4v In..an earthen [vessel]..well glassed.
1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick v. v. 170 Make a vessel of potters earth..glassed within with glass.
1661 R. Boyle Sceptical Chymist i. 58 I have observ'd little Grains of Silver to lie hid in the small Cavities (perhaps glass'd over by a vitrifying heat) in Crucibles, wherein Silver has been long kept in Fusion.
b. said of frost. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cold weather > [verb (transitive)] > cover with frost
frosty1596
frost1614
glaze1627
glass1880
1880 Echo 11 Dec. 2/6 Streams..glassed with ice.
1890 Boy's Own Paper 11 Jan. 230/1 The hedgerows..were glassed with most amazing traceries in diamond arabesque.
c. To make (the eye) glassy. (Cf. glaze v.1 6.)
ΚΠ
1841 R. W. Emerson Spiritual Laws in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 159 What he is, engraves itself on his face..His vice glasses his eye, demeans his cheek.
4.
a. To set (an object, oneself) before a mirror or other reflecting surface, so as to cause an image to be reflected; also to view the reflection of, see as in a mirror. Often reflexive. Also transferred and figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > mirror > [verb (transitive)] > set before mirror
glassa1586
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. xii. sig. X6 Me-thinkes I am partaker of thy passion, And in thy case do glasse mine owne debilitie.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) iii. sig. Gg3v He had lifted vp his face to glasse himselfe in her faire eyes.
c1595 R. Southwell St. Peter's Complaint 17 O pooles..Where Saints rejoyce to glasse their glorious face.
1651 ‘A. B.’ tr. L. Lessius Sir Walter Rawleigh's Ghost 38 Whose infinite puissance..we are partly able to glass and see (as it were by reflection).
1818 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Canto IV clxxxiii. 94 Thou glorious mirror, where the Almighty's form Glasses itself in tempests.
1837 Fraser's Mag. 16 559 Many of his contemporaries aimed at glassing themselves in his mirror, and becoming his echoes.
1852 M. Arnold Youth of Nature 38 Helicon glassed in the lake Its firs.
1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh i. 7 All which images, Concentred on the picture, glassed themselves Before my meditative childhood.
1887 G. Gissing Thyrza I. i. 7 The opposite slopes glassed themselves in the deep dark water.
b. Of a mirror or reflecting surface: To reflect, give back an image of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > reflection > [verb (transitive)] > an image
reflect1582
reflex1590
render1598
glassa1628
redouble1728
image1792
mirror1820
a1628 F. Greville Cælica lxxv, in Certaine Wks. (1633) 220 Let my present thoughts be glassed, In the thoughts which you have passed.
1817 Ld. Byron Manfred ii. ii. 26 Thy calm clear brow, Wherein is glass'd serenity of soul.
1849 C. Brontë Shirley II. iii. 92 His serene mind could glass a fair image without feeling its depths troubled by the reflection.
1853 M. Arnold Sohrab & Rustum in Poems (new ed.) 34 Never more Shall the lake glass her, flying over it.
1887 T. Hardy Woodlanders I. viii. 152 Both looked attractive as glassed back by the faithful reflector.
c. To view or look for (something) with the aid of field-glasses.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > seeing or looking > see [verb (transitive)] > look at through glass or glasses
side-glass1679
spectacle1744
eyeglass1828
spy1893
glass1935
1935 E. Hemingway Green Hills Afr. (1936) ii. vii. 166 We glassed the country.
1952 Blackwood's Mag. Feb. 100/1 It was going to be a fine day with adequate light to ‘glass’ birds at a distance.
1964 F. O'Rourke Mule for Marquesa (1967) iv. 53 Fardan glassed the south, then the north where pursuit would come first, if it came.
5. technical. To dress (leather) with a glassing-jack or glassing-machine. Also to glass out.
ΚΠ
1885 Harper's Mag. Jan. 278/1 The hides are..again ‘glassed’. They are ‘filled’ with paste, glassed in the paste.
1897 C. T. Davis Manuf. Leather (ed. 2) 268 For the morocco or lining finisher it [a machine] will glaze, roll, pebble and glass out.
6. intransitive. To glisten like glass.Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1896 Atlantic Monthly May 607/1 Below them the river glassed and gleamed in its crooked bed.
7. to glass off (Surfing). Of the sea: to become smooth and transparent.
ΚΠ
1967 J. Severson Great Surfing Gloss. Glass-off—when the wind dies (usually in the afternoon), causing the water to become very smooth or glassy slick.
1968 W. Warwick Surfriding in N.Z. 22/1 When the waves glass off in this way..surfriding takes on a truly aesthetic appearance not often seen.

Draft additions August 2007

transitive. slang (originally and chiefly British). To strike (a person) with a (broken) glass or bottle, esp. in the face.
ΚΠ
1931 Police Jrnl. Oct. 502 The broadsman got chivved and glassed.
1943 Police Jrnl. Mar. Glass,..to wound with broken glass.
1982 New Soc. 5 Aug. 209 [The game of pool] is all tattooed arms and people who'll glass you as soon as look at you.
2006 News of World (Nexis) 16 Apr. A clubber glassed him... He needed seven stitches after the maniac smashed a bottle into his face.

Draft additions December 2016

transitive. Surfing. To coat (a surfboard or, more usually, a foam blank) with resin-saturated fibreglass, in order to strengthen it. Cf. glass n.1 Additions. [Compare slightly earlier glass n.1 Additions.]
ΚΠ
1966 P. L. Dixon Compl. Bk. Surfing xiv. 174 The basic foam core can be obtained in a kit as a preshaped board ready to glass.
1993 Surfer June 24/2 In the early '60s, when I was learning to glass surfboards, you were my idol.
2005 News Herald (Panama City, Florida) (Nexis) 7 Aug. Tiffani glasses the board, giving it its strength.
2011 Orange County (Calif.) Register (Nexis) 8 June (Life section) Recently, a Nike design team came by to watch him glass boards.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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