| 释义 |
gingerbreadn.adj. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French gyngebraz, gingembras. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman gyngebraz, ginginbrés (also, probably after English, gingebred ), and Old French gingembras, Middle French gingimbrat, gingembrant preserved ginger, in the form of paste or jelly (12th cent.), ginger pudding (1419 in Anglo-Norman) < post-classical Latin gingebratum , gingebrattum , gingiberatum , gingibrattum (from 13th cent. in British sources), gingibretum (14th cent.) < gingiber ginger n. + classical Latin -ātum -ate suffix1; the term may perhaps have arisen in pharmaceutical use for a medicinal preparation. All securely attested forms in English show folk-etymological remodelling after bread n., and the β. forms additionally show substitution of ginger n. for the first syllable; this analysis is also reflected by the frequent spellings as two words or with hyphen (as ginger bread, ginger-bread). Compare post-classical Latin gingebrasium (13th cent. in British sources; < French), gingebrada (late 13th cent. in a British source; < Middle English). Compare also Old Occitan gingibrat (13th cent.), Middle Dutch gingebraes, gingebaers, and also Old Icelandic gingibráð ( < Middle English).In early use frequently as a vernacular word in Latin documents, which may reflect either the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word; e.g.:1299 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 495 In 2 Gurdis de Gingebrar, 26 s. 8 d.1310–11 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 507 In 3 pixid. de Gingebrace, Alisaunder, et 3 pixid. de Pyonad emp.It is uncertain whether forms ending in -bras or -brace ever had any actual currency in English, although not improbable that they did. The 1887 revised edition of Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. notes under the headword Gingebrace, Gingebras, Gyngibrace ‘This term occurs frequently in the Exchequer Rolls of Scot[land]. It was common in the West of Scot[land] not many years ago, and has not yet quite passed by.’ Further evidence to corroborate this has not been identified. A. n.the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > preserve > [noun] > preserved ginger 1228 (P.R.O.: C 62/7) m. 8 Ansello de Ienne..pro stomatico gingebrad & Balsamo et aliis minutis mercimoniis. a1325 Diuersa Cibaria in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler (1985) 56 (MED) Qwen hit his ybrayed, do out half vor to tempren wyþ gingebred. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 142 They fette hym..real Spicerye Of gyngebred. 1555 H. Machyn (1848) 99 Dyssys of spyssys and frut, as marmelad, gynbred. the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > gingerbread a1450 in T. Austin (1888) 35 Gyngerbrede. Take a quart of hony..Safroun, pouder Pepir..gratyd Brede [etc.]. 1574 J. Baret C 9 A kind of cake or paste made to comfort ye stomacke, ginger bread, mustaceum. 1600 W. Cornwallis I. xxiv. sig. N3v There are some that neuer see great assembly without as certaine a bringing home of a new grace, as Clownes of Ginger-bread from a Faire. a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Coxcombe iv. vii, in (1647) sig. Oo4/2 Fetch two or three grating loaves out of the kitching, to make gingerbread of. 1663 S. Butler i. ii. 114 Some cry'd the Covenant instead Of Pudding-pies and Ginger-bread. 1708 W. King 14 The enticing Gold on Ginger-bread. 1771 T. Smollett I. 232 She don't yet know her letters..but I will bring her the A B C in ginger-bread. 1782 W. Cowper Table Talk in 29 As if the poet, purposing to wed, Should carve himself a wife in gingerbread. 1795 27 Oct. 3/1 Several young Gentlemen of the Guards..have sent for the Alphabet, in gingerbread. 1834 F. Marryat I. ix. 108 The white tents and booths, the sun shining so bright, and the shining gilt gingerbread. 1851 H. Mayhew I. 200/1 The principal..toy gingerbread that is vended is the ‘cock in breeches’; a formidable-looking bird, with his nether garments of gold. 1891 Apr. 618 Certainly—gingerbreads, by all means! We had better have them in the tin, and then they do not get soft. 1910 17 May 11/4 Children are great lovers of gingerbread, and grown folks, too, if it is of the rich ‘melt-in-the-mouth’ kind. 1968 8/4 Feb. Split a piece of gingerbread, fill with applesauce and wrap in foil. Toast for about eight minutes. 2006 Dec. 75/1 The great thing about gingerbread..is that it keeps really well. So you can bake your cookies days in advance. 3. As the type of something showy or insubstantial, with reference to the gilt or other decoration typically added to the surface of gingerbread. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > a charlatan, fraudster > [noun] 1602 T. Dekker sig. D3 I am so choakt still with this man of Ginger-bread, and yet I can neuer be rid of him. 1605 sig. G1v Anticke! thou lyest, and thou wert a Knight of ginger-bread: I am no Anticke. 1656 i. 10 A Gentlewoman of ginger-bread (for ought I know) may make a better Bedfellow. 1763 C. Churchill iv. 155 Who, quite a man of Gingerbread, Savour'd in talk, in dress, and phyz, More of another World than this. 1789 J. Wolcot 24 Those Lords of Gingerbread—a gaudy crew. the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > insubstantial > showy or fanciful but insubstantial 1664 J. Wilson iv. v. 59 If I marrie, I promise you it shall not be Tyro, 'Tis such a piece of Gingerbread! 1690 J. Crowne ii. 12 Oh! lead me to her, Ile behave my self like any Ginger-bread. 1840 I. Butt I. xv. 281 Pooh, pooh, these fellows are all alike, foot and horse, mere gingerbread, not men of substance like what the militia used to be. 1857 16 Sept. 494/2 The Cavalry..had even more gingerbread and eyewash about them than our own useless Regular Cavalry. 1945 J. C. Monks 123 He tells a good story, but doesn't waste his great store of energy on emotional ginger-bread. 1997 D. Albright ii. 114 Perhaps, when verbal gingerbread is ripped off, the poem can isolate and embody some spark of essential creative power. 1851 20 Nov. 373/2 A modern, most intensely modern villa, with towers and turrets and other effective gingerbread. 1875 ‘M. Twain’ Jan. 70 A fanciful pilot-house, all glass and ‘gingerbread’. 1889 Aug. 249/2 When he inspected them in undress, with their red piping, brass epaulettes, scarlet band, and brass lion on their caps, he said, ‘Who pays for all this gingerbread?’ 1937 Apr. 160/3 Although my first impulse had been to rip off the gingerbread, I reasoned that this was an intrinsic part of the house. 1970 J. Bouton v. 159 Our uniforms look so silly with that technicolor gingerbread all over them. 2001 Sept. 73 That Eastern Victorian vernacular—shakes and shingles, stained glass, gingerbread and verandahs. society > trade and finance > money > [noun] a1625 J. Fletcher Chances i. vi. in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher (1647) sig. Aaa2/1 Without commission: why, it would never grieve me, If I had got this Ginger-bread. 1699 B. E. Ginger-bread, money. 1785 in F. Grose Gingerbread, a cake made of treacle, flower, and grated ginger; also money; he has the gingerbread; he is rich. 1834 W. H. Ainsworth II. iii. v. 362 Your old dad, Sir Piers..had the gingerbread, that I know. 1864 13 Dec. 3/2 We do not find..the word ‘gingerbread’ used for money, as we have heard it both before and within the last six months. 1976 E. Dahlberg 119 Imagine a gawk like Abel with a light-heeled jill who's looking for easy gingerbread. 5. the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > sedimentary rock > [noun] > sandstone > others 1714 J. Jurin Let. 2 Sept. in (1996) 73 The Stratum..is aptly enough call'd by the Workmen the Gingerbread Stone in depth about 7 or 8 inches. 1811 W. Watson 13 (table) Ironstone, in finger-shaped nodules, consisting of Concentric Laminæ..Gingerbread. 1884 3 442 ‘Carstone’..gives a character to the houses and churches of the neighbourhood, and is even vulgarly spoken of as ‘Gingerbread-stone’. 1901 I. 5 A brown friable rock known as ‘Gingerbread Stone’, which is largely quarried and hewn into shape at Snettisham. 1964 (Inst. Brit. Geographers) 35 110 Only the top 10-12 feet of the most oxidized top layers—known locally as ‘gingerbread’—were taken. 1990 F. G. Dimes in J. Ashurst & F. G. Dimes I. iv. 81/1 (caption) Brick dressings with carstone (‘gingerbread stone’) were used for HM The Queen's Stud, Sandringham. 2011 (Nexis) 10 Feb. (Property section) (headline) Gingerbread home named after old farming family. 1882 9 461 The Rev. I. F. Bigge found..a form of the common tansy with much subdivided foliage...In Scotland it is called ‘gingerbread’. B. adj.the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > flashiness or gaudiness > [adjective] > tawdry 1631 J. Done 123 Bartholmew faire in London..consisting of rattles, drummes, and such Childish toyes, at the best, fine pictures and ginger-bread speaches. 1653 2 The Ginger-bread Prophet, or the Alchoran of Oliver Mahomet, explained and expounded by Hugh Peters. 1672 J. Eachard 69 Come buy my ratling Metaphors, my Ginger-bread Similitudes, my dainty laced Prefaces [etc]. 1700 E. Ward 5 She..should have a Ginger-Bread Husband for her Reward. 1732 C. Bodens iii. ii. 36 If we had but that Ginger-bread Spark amongst us, we should shake him to pieces in a couple of Mornings. 1785 F. Pilon ii. 43 An old hulk with a sheathing of gold, makes such a ginger-bread appearance, that she'll pass for a new frigate. 1807 R. Wilson Jrnl. 9 July in (1862) II. viii. 302 Marshals of France; but disguised by their gingerbread clothes. 1836 T. Hook I. ii. 61 Gingerbread pantomimes, culled from Mother Bunch. 1851 G. A. Hoskins II. ix. 156 The state equipages in the coach-houses are almost all French, very grand and very gingerbread. 1869 A. Trollope II. lxiv. 221 Too cold, and too make-believe, and too gingerbread. 1874 L. Carr I. i. 38 Some people would have crammed it full of gingerbread upholstery, all gilt and gawdy. 1906 19 Apr. 6/5 The fine old Elizabethan mansion was torn down just a hundred years ago and the present rather gingerbread and fanciful construction erected in its stead. 1941 W. A. Percy (1948) i. 6 An enormous white dining-salon, decorated in the most abandoned gingerbread style. 1975 8 Sept. 2/5 There are still 100-year-old houses with gingerbread carving on the roofs. 1999 (Nexis) 5 Sept. 24 The house, a beautiful Oliver Messel, gingerbread bungalow, had been advertised discreetly on the Manhattan property market. 1790 J. B. Moreton 127 The black women use every means to draw young men to their rookeries... I have been often compelled by the mother to spend a whole night with her gingerbread daughter. 1837 Jan. 201 The full stream of its scalding contents descended on the gingerbread hide of the unlucky Cupid [sc. a dog]. 1971 S. Hill iii. 212 Captain Franklin's face came into focus, the same, blank face, behind the gingerbread moustache. 2011 J. Harris 50 True Colors stared at me, her lovely gingerbread eyes showing their fire-streaked rims. Compounds C1. General attributive, frequently with the sense ‘made of gingerbread’. 1721 15 Aug. A Gingerbread Cake..was accidentally broke up, in which there was a File so well bak'd, that none of their Hand-Cuffs could long withstand its Operation. 1837 C. Dickens xxxi. 167 Boy ate five apples and a gingerbread cake. 2015 (Nexis) 8 Feb. The gingerbread cake with maple cranberry compote provided a warm and cozy buffer for the chilly winter evening. 1863 J. Smith 63 He cam friskin' owre the hill..wi' a daud o' gingebreid-cooky i' the tae haund, an' a lump o' Black Jock i' the tither. 1919 18 Oct. 10/1 Gingerbread cookies in figures, and a mystery cake. 1980 Christmas No. 86/2 Tables were spread in a special manner, traditionally with..several sorts of special gingerbread cookies made from recipes of the various towns of Russia. 1845 R. W. Emerson Nature in 2nd Ser. 201 The child..abandoned to a..lead dragoon, or a gingerbread dog. 1915 W. A. McKeever v. 63 You can not prevent the child..from carrying on a familiar and affectionate conversation with dolls, sticks, horses, calico cats and gingerbread dogs. 2008 (Nexis) 27 Nov. a5 The boys added some character to their gingerbread landscape with yellow food colouring in the snow and tiny brown candies in the pond—‘presents’ from the gingerbread dog. 1800 J. Collins iii. 31 Eat up five gingerbread horses, jockies and all. 1904 S. J. Duncan i. 1 She sold gingerbread horses and large round gingerbread cookies. 2001 (Nexis) 7 Nov. (Sport section) 7 I bought a gingerbread horse from a shop last Friday. 1773 11 Feb. 208/1 I..stumbled over an honest woman's ginger-bread stand. 1844 10 Feb. 84/1 One of the policemen..swore that at Mallaghmast an old woman's gingerbread stand had been very nearly overturned. 2014 (Nexis) 29 Nov. 1 b Niklas Curle, 19, was working at a quiet German gingerbread stand. C2. Objective with agent nouns. 1637 Will in M. E. Grimwade (1984) II. 502 James Sharpe, gingbread baker, Mildenhall. 1855 J. L. Motley III. vi. i. 400 A man..eminent both as a gingerbread baker and a sword-player. 2015 (Nexis) 7 Jan. 26 Ellie the gingerbread baker has helped put the icing on the Christmas cake for Waitrose. a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Faire Maide of Inne iv. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher (1647) 44 I have Weavers, and Ginger-bread makers. 1784 in F. G. Emmison (1969) III. 149 John Hagon, gingerbreadmaker, Colchester. 1896 R. N. James I. 352 The father of this artist was a miller and gingerbread maker in York. 2011 (Nexis) 7 Dec. d1 Every time you roll out dough for gingerbread, you are taking part in an ancient tradition, one that connects you with the gingerbread makers of the past. 1696 (Corporation of London) 5 Aug. (single sheet) For every Standing for Bakers and Gingerbread-Sellers, not above Four Foot long and Three Foot broad, Six pence per Week. 1818 20 June 1/5 Out tumbled Osborne, the gingerbread seller, of Ferrybridge, powdered up in high style for the occasion! 2000 J. Burnett vii. 168 There are gingerbread sellers and..vendors of confections made of boiled treacle. C3. 1832 12 Aug. Henry Smith, with a fine gingerbread complexion, was politely handed to the bar. 1921 29 Aug. 6/2 A mature dame..seems to be swooning on the shoulder of a young Argentine, of gingerbread complexion. 2011 B. Luke i. 7 Abe..stood about five feet, seven inches with a gingerbread complexion and a portly stature. 1769 20 Sept. 286/2 'Tis a ginger-bread gilt pile, In a Garriconian style. 1855 J. R. Leifchild 63 Stiff Madonnas with gingerbread-gilt aureoles. 1890 E. Pearson 5 Several toy books..in Dutch flowery and gingerbread gilt paper binding. 1804 T. Gilliland 28 The people will be justified in with-drawing their patronage from his [sc. Mr. Kemble's] Gingerbread House; as it certainly is, when compared with the ‘splendid desert’ which he was to have made of that truly superb, convenient, and elegant structure Drury Lane Theatre. 1851 F. Egerton Jrnl. 14 Feb. in (1852) I. xi. 289 The present man is building a great gingerbread house, all over gold and shiny brass. 1875 tr. 18 ‘The story of my first white hair would not suit my little Annie yet,’... ‘Is there nothing about a gingerbread house or a little hop-o'-my-thumb in it?’ asked Annie. 1895 Feb. 31/2 Frequent representations of Humperdinck's Hansel and Gretel, which are, curiously enough, attended by many children on account of the gingerbread house. 1896 J. M. Barrie xviii. 203 For Aaron, almost the only man in Thrums who shunned the revels that day, she bought a gingerbread house. 1983 ‘J. le Carré’ (1984) ii. 48 Kurtz's destination was the top floor of a high-gabled gingerbread house right at the heart of fashionable Munich. 1999 J. Harris (2000) v. 33 A gingerbread house, walls of chocolate-coated pain d'épices, with the detail piped on in silver and gold icing, roof tiles of florentines studded with crystallized fruits. 1740 May 227/2 The Method of teaching Children their Alphabet by Ginger-bread Letters. 1908 Sept. 838 Alluring the scholar with gingerbread letters, to be eaten as they are learned. 2001 G. Riley in H. Walker 195 But gingerbread letters went on being eaten as treats for young and old away from the schoolroom. the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > biscuit > [noun] > other biscuits 1686 in J. Playford (ed. 2) sig. K4v, (title of song) The Ginger-bread Man. 1735 p. v Duffield Daniel, Gingerbread-Man. 1739 R. Barton 148 To give your Child some idea of a Hubby, buy a well-shap'd half-penyworth of ginger-bread... Give her cissars and paper..and desire her to cut out a Hubby. You will be surprized how well she will imitate the little ginger-bread man. 1833 3 Jan. 2/3 This is a day of general bustle and visiting here, and presents, from the little gingerbread men up to others of great value, are given and received. 1891 M. Banim xiii. 241 The gingerbread man, with his long brown coat, tall hat, and unflinching black eyes. 1988 11 Nov. 19/5 I asked for gingerbread men and was corrected by the waitress, who insisted on ‘gingerbread people.’ 1989 11 June 103/1 There were donkey races and duck hunts and jugglers..and the gingerbread man called Tiddy-dol. 2006 P. Williams liii. 334 Sue reacts quickly to the crisis. ‘Here, have a gingerbread man, sugar-reduced.’ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [noun] > a cake > gingerbread 1734 2 Nov. He baketh every Day all Sorts of Household Bread, and also sells Goods as follows, viz...Ginger-Bread Nuts, French-Rolls, Rye Bread [etc]. 1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve xvi. 271 Country-people..were playing at a sort of roulette for gingerbread-nuts and macaroons. 2006 C. Palmer i. 14 Mrs. Smythe, have you any gingerbread nuts for my tea today? the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun] a1643 W. Cartwright Lady-errant v. i, in (1651) sig. e4 Cos. There's no great need of Souldiers; Their Camp's No larger than a Ginger-bread Office. Pan. And the Men little bigger. the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > palm trees > [noun] > doum palm the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > doum palm 1863 J. H. Speke v. 101 The rich flat district of Mininga, where the gingerbread-palm grows abundantly. 1909 25 Mar. 552/1 Now we see a gingerbread palm, and now strange flowers and plants. 1974 10 Jan. 17 One specimen, a gingerbread palm from Egypt, is unusual in that it has several branches where most palms have just a single stem. 2012 D. Hurd xii. 114 They feasted on meat caught in the forest and on the plains, and drank fresh wine fermented from the gingerbread palms. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > other fruits > [noun] the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > tropical exotic fruit > African 1824 5 452 Gingerbread Plum, Parinarium macrophyllum. 1906 O. Stapf in H. H. Johnston II. App. iv. 601 The fruits are eaten and known as ‘Gingerbread Plums’. 2003 E. Gregg & R. Trillo 151 You'll be able to leave the centre of Kartong and drive south, through open countryside planted with gingerbread plums, big banana plants and palms. the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation of grain > [noun] > sieving > sieve or riddle ?1562 in J. Raine (1853) 163 One gynger breade tempes, vj d. the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > mouth > [noun] 1864 C. Dickens (1865) I. i. v. 35 To bait his gingerbread-trap. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tropical or exotic fruit-tree or -plant > African fruit-plants 1829 J. C. Loudon Index 1149/3 Gingerbread-tree. 1896 2 May 275/3 The fibrous, mealy husk..tastes almost exactly like gingerbread, whence the popular name of gingerbread tree in Egypt. 1918 M. S. Briggs ix. 168 One unusual tree that is found in this oasis is the doum-palm, or gingerbread-tree. 2009 J. Besenyő 11 Almost 75% of the people of the Sahara live in oases, where mostly palm trees (date palm and gingerbread tree), vegetables and many different types of crops are grown. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > [noun] > cheap or gaudy 1748 T. Smollett I. iii. 14 Lookee,..if you come athwart me, 'ware your gingerbreadwork.—I'll be foul of your quarter, d——n me. 1766 T. Smollett II. 104 Yet the rooms are too small, and too much decorated with carving and gilding, which is a kind of gingerbread work. 1804 11 408 As the sailors term it, there is an abundance of gingerbread work. 1873 A. D. Whitney vi. 97 A little enticing gingerbread work about the eaves and porch. 1943 June 35/1 She was a grand boat, plenty o' ginger bread work around her pilot house and boiler deck. 2004 Winter 22/2 A charming yellow-and-white abode with snowflake gingerbread work and a breeze-blown American flag above the front verandah. Derivatives 1764 Apr. 210/2 The statue..would have been better if it had been done similar to the rest, in free-stone, and gilt in a ginger-bread like manner. 1869 W. Colenso On Bot. North Island N.Z. 31 in 1 The pollen..was..made into large gingerbread like cakes. 1987 (Nexis) 5 May g1 A long stone path leads visitors from busy Eastwood Ave. to the front door of a gingerbread-like house. 2014 S. Deschenes 376 They've been making a gingerbread-like sweet called lebkuchen since the thirteenth or fourteenth century. the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > flashiness or gaudiness > [adjective] > tawdry the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > cake > [adjective] > gingerbread 1845 June 546 Manner, both in touch and the gingerbready-colour-hues, become fatal destroyers of the elevated landscape. 1867 J. L. Motley Let. 19 Sept. in (1889) II. viii. 292 But it is altogether too smart, gilt gingerbready, for my taste. 1881 C. Whitehead 70 The peculiar sweet gingerbready smell. 1883 3 Oct. 14/1 A monument to the Duke, which is the most gingerbready and rococo thing in Europe. 1915 H. H. Peerless Diary 11 July in (2003) 199 It has a frontage of over 400 feet, but I was not impressed; it looked tawdry and gingerbready. 1944 7 July 8/3 Children and grown-ups who enjoy the gingerbready softness of molasses cookies will like Molasses Hermits. 1971 16 July 44/1 The summer people who go there now are amused by the gingerbready hotels. 2006 N. Plakcy & S. Sakson 217 My brother's house in Vermont was this cute, gingerbready, Victorian, little-town thing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). gingerbreadv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: gingerbread n. Etymology: < gingerbread n. 1844 M. F. Tupper xiii. 135 His distant relative's good feeling..served indeed to gild the future, but did not avail to gingerbread the present. 1937 12 May 7/4 No bulges or overhangs are added. That would be ‘gingerbreading’ the design. 1967 Dec. (Midwest Suppl.) 166/3 We felt it would make the area more appealing to skiers if we could gingerbread up the place. 2005 (Nexis) 15 May (Mag.) 72/1 His wife isn't into Modernism. ‘She would like to gingerbread the place up,’ Frolick said. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.adj.1228 v.1844 |
