† gingn.¹

Forms: Old English gæncg- (inflected form), Old English gencg- (inflected form), Old English–Middle English genge, early Middle English kenke, Middle English geing, Middle English geng, Middle English gyn, Middle English–1500s gyng, Middle English–1500s gynge, Middle English–1600s ging, Middle English–1600s ginge, 1500s gin, 1500s–1600s ghing.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (ii) a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: i-geng n.

Etymology: Either (i) aphetic < i-geng n., or (ii) < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic gengi help, support, following: see i-geng n.). Compare gang n. Compare also genge adj. and geng v.In Old English apparently a strong neuter, as also gegenge i-geng n. (The word differs both in gender and stem class from its homonym genge privy, latrine: see gong n.¹) Alternative derivations. The word is not attested in Old English before the 11th cent., and moreover (in unprefixed form) only in sources that also show undisputed Scandinavian loanwords. If the word is of native origin, a variant with palatalization and assibilation of the stem-final consonant might be expected, but it is difficult to determine whether such a form occurs. In support of aphetic origin perhaps compare quot. OE² at i-geng n. and the variant readings (of unprefixed forms) cited there. Specific senses. With sense 3c compare Old Danish gingi workforce, crew (see i-geng n.). In sense 4 used to translate classical Latin gentēs in its post-classical Latin (Old Testament) sense ‘nations, the Gentiles’, plural of gens (see gens n.).

Obsolete.

1. A company of armed men, a troop, army, host.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > an army

ferd823

herec855

drightOE

drightfolkOE

ferdingc1000

gingOE

land-fyrd11..

hostc1290

powerc1300

preyc1300

chivalry1382

puissance1423

enarmec1430

exercite1485

force1487

armya1522

land-force1614

wall1657

ground force1929

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1043 Man gerædde þan cynge þæt he rad of Gleawcestre & Leofric eorl & Godwine eorl & Sigwarð eorl mid heora genge to Wincestre.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 1070 Þa herdon þa munecas..sægen þet heora agene menn wolden hergon þone mynstre, þet wæs Hereward & his genge.

?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1138 Flemden þe king æt te Standard & sloghen suithe micel of his genge.

a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily In Die Sancto Pentecosten (Lamb. 487) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 87 God bisencte þa þe pharaon and al his genge [OE Royal werod].

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11901 Arður forð gon liðe..he com fuliwis into þere burh of Paris..mid mucle his genge.

c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 3830 Ac naþeles þis xi kinges Flowen oway wiþ michel genge.

c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 921 Alisaunder in þe daweyng Quyk had armed al his gyng.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 3618 And he was graythid [with] a ging of grekis kniȝtis.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 21^v He..Gedrit all his gynge and his ground held.

1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena sig. X Wishing that in the meane time some course were taken for the re-edifying the walls, whereto he would cause his Ghing put their helping hands.

a. A retinue (of a great personage); a household, a body of retainers or followers.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > collective or retinue

hirdc888

douthOE

gingc1175

folkc1275

hirdfolcc1275

tail1297

meiniec1300

routc1325

suitc1325

peoplec1330

leading1382

retinuea1387

repairc1390

retenancea1393

farneta1400

to-draughta1400

sembly14..

sequelc1420

manya1425

followingc1429

affinity?1435

family1438

train1489

estatec1500

port1545

retain1548

equipage1579

suite1579

attendancy1586

attendance1607

tendancea1616

sequacesa1660

cortège1679

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12186 Þe laferrd godess hird..wass aȝȝ shadd ut. All fra þe deofless genge.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5566 Þa læuedi Ælene..to Ierusalem wende mid richere genge.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 786 Him and his genge wel he fedde.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 2378 Abram went and wit him loth, His geing, his catel, ilk crot.

?1507 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 92 I will nane haif bot our avne gyng.

1601 A. Munday Downfall Earle of Huntington sig. E2 For all your dagger, wert not for your ging, I would knocke my whipstocke on your addle head.

b. In plural. A person's followers or people. Also: people in general.

ΚΠ

c1330 Roland & Vernagu (Auch.) (1882) 49 (MED) He sende him grace him to slo, Þat had y-wrouȝt so michel wo, & slawe godes ginges.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 1648 (MED) Þan gas he furth with his gingis [a1500 Trin. Dublin gyng] to godis awen temple.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 46 He offert onestly in honour of venus A gobet of gold þat gyngys might se.

c1626 Dick of Devonshire (1955) 155 The mermaydes of those Seas..were ravishd by Drake & his brave Ginges.

a. gen. A gathering of people, a company; a band, a gang; a set. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [noun]

ferec975

flockOE

gingc1175

rout?c1225

companyc1300

fellowshipc1300

covinc1330

eschelec1330

tripc1330

fellowred1340

choira1382

head1381

glub1382

partya1387

peoplec1390

conventc1426

an abominable of monksa1450

body1453

carol1483

band1490

compernagea1500

consorce1512

congregationa1530

corporationa1535

corpse1534

chore1572

society1572

crew1578

string1579

consort1584

troop1584

tribe1609

squadron1617

bunch1622

core1622

lag1624

studa1625

brigadea1649

platoon1711

cohort1719

lot1725

corps1754

loo1764

squad1786

brotherhood1820

companionhood1825

troupe1825

crowd1840

companionship1842

group1845

that ilk1845

set-out1854

layout1869

confraternity1872

show1901

crush1904

we1927

familia1933

shower1936

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3918 Þatt teȝȝre genge shollde ben Wiþþ gode sawless ekedd.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 1735 (MED) Ne of þe metes bidde i nout dwelle; þat is þe storie for to lenge, It wolde anuye þis fayre genge.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1600 Þis gaye genge of grece to rome gunne ride.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 455 Þat dyspleseȝ non of oure gyng, For ho is Quene of cortaysye.

c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 2435 For-þi bees glad now, all þe gingis ȝe sall na gref haue.

a1500 (c1400) St. Erkenwald (1977) l. 137 (MED) Þen heldyt fro þe autere alle þe heghe gynge.

1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) ii. ii, in Wks. I. 22 Let me not liue, and I could not finde in my heart to swinge the whole ging of 'hem, one after another.

1627 M. Drayton Shepheards Sirena in Battaile Agincourt 146 Rollo..Who still led the Rusticke Ging.

1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 19 Proceeding furder I am met with a whole ging of words and phrases not mine.

a1652 R. Brome Damoiselle i. i, in Wks. (1873) I. 383 Could I but dream..his youthfull Ghing Could stretch to get him out.

1877 Spirit of Times 15 Dec. 514/2 A National American Association, which shall have no clique, gang, or ging of political huxters to defraud the Government.

b. depreciative. A crew, a rabble.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > the rabble > a rabble

ginga1275

frapaillec1330

rabblea1398

rascal1415

rafflea1450

mardlec1480

rabblement1543

riff-raff1570

rabble rout?1589

scum1597

skim1606

tumult1629

rebel rout1648

mob1688

drabble1789

attroopment1795

scuff1856

shower1936

a1275 Body & Soul (Trin. Cambr. B.14.39) l. 110 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 140 Þan clepis ur lauerd satanas..: ‘Awai,..þit þine wuele kenke [?a1300 Digby 86 genge]’.

1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. E2 What a Ging was here gathered together, no doubt Hell is broke loose.

1635 A. Gil Sacred Philos. Holy Script. ii. xxiv. 173 Ebion, Cerinthus, Photinus, and the rest of that ging.

1659 G. Torriano Florio's Vocabolario Italiano & Inglese Ciurmatore, one of the basest crue or ghing.

c. spec. The crew of a ship or boat. Cf. gang n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > [noun] > crew

ship1338

fellowshipa1400

shipping14..

ging1585

company1591

complement1600

ship's company1644

crew1694

compliment1708

equipage1728

1585 R. Lane Let. 12 Aug. in Trans. & Coll. Amer. Antiquarian Soc. (1860) 4 11 Symon Ferdynando..hathe carryed him selfe..with grete skylle.., as the whoolle gynge of masters and marryners wyll with one voyce affyrme.

1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne iii. 101 So hardy ging of Marriners forth blowne, In venture to deskry some straungy shore.

1633 T. James Strange Voy. 56 The Cock-swaine with his ging, were to goe in the Boate.

1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 173 Doing himselfe the office of Boatsonne, ghing-captaine.

1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon ii. viii. 408 The Ghing of all the Gallies in the Harbour being drawn out every night to water this Cours.

4. In Old Testament usage: the Gentile nations collectively; heathen peoples.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [noun] > person > plural and collective

heathenessec900

heathenc1000

paynimc1275

Barbarya1300

Saracen1303

payenyc1330

nationsa1382

paynimryc1384

ginga1400

heathenheada1400

payemy?a1400

paynimy1481

paganyc1515

gentility1546

paganism1605

gentilisma1638

pagandom1691

heathendom1860

heathenrya1890

a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) ii. 8 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 131 Aske ofe me, and .i. to þe sal Giue genge [L. gentes] wele mare with-al.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) ii. §1. 8 Whi gnaistid thee genge [L. gentes] & the folke thoght vnnayte thyngs.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	ging
释义	† gingn.¹ Forms: Old English gæncg- (inflected form), Old English gencg- (inflected form), Old English–Middle English genge, early Middle English kenke, Middle English geing, Middle English geng, Middle English gyn, Middle English–1500s gyng, Middle English–1500s gynge, Middle English–1600s ging, Middle English–1600s ginge, 1500s gin, 1500s–1600s ghing. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Either (i) a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or (ii) a borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: i-geng n. Etymology: Either (i) aphetic < i-geng n., or (ii) < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic gengi help, support, following: see i-geng n.). Compare gang n. Compare also genge adj. and geng v.In Old English apparently a strong neuter, as also gegenge i-geng n. (The word differs both in gender and stem class from its homonym genge privy, latrine: see gong n.¹) Alternative derivations. The word is not attested in Old English before the 11th cent., and moreover (in unprefixed form) only in sources that also show undisputed Scandinavian loanwords. If the word is of native origin, a variant with palatalization and assibilation of the stem-final consonant might be expected, but it is difficult to determine whether such a form occurs. In support of aphetic origin perhaps compare quot. OE² at i-geng n. and the variant readings (of unprefixed forms) cited there. Specific senses. With sense 3c compare Old Danish gingi workforce, crew (see i-geng n.). In sense 4 used to translate classical Latin gentēs in its post-classical Latin (Old Testament) sense ‘nations, the Gentiles’, plural of gens (see gens n.). Obsolete. 1. A company of armed men, a troop, army, host. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > [noun] > an army ferd823 herec855 drightOE drightfolkOE ferdingc1000 gingOE land-fyrd11.. hostc1290 powerc1300 preyc1300 chivalry1382 puissance1423 enarmec1430 exercite1485 force1487 armya1522 land-force1614 wall1657 ground force1929 OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1043 Man gerædde þan cynge þæt he rad of Gleawcestre & Leofric eorl & Godwine eorl & Sigwarð eorl mid heora genge to Wincestre. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 1070 Þa herdon þa munecas..sægen þet heora agene menn wolden hergon þone mynstre, þet wæs Hereward & his genge. ?a1160 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1138 Flemden þe king æt te Standard & sloghen suithe micel of his genge. a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily In Die Sancto Pentecosten (Lamb. 487) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 87 God bisencte þa þe pharaon and al his genge [OE Royal werod]. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11901 Arður forð gon liðe..he com fuliwis into þere burh of Paris..mid mucle his genge. c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 3830 Ac naþeles þis xi kinges Flowen oway wiþ michel genge. c1400 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Laud) (1952) 921 Alisaunder in þe daweyng Quyk had armed al his gyng. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 3618 And he was graythid [with] a ging of grekis kniȝtis. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 21^v He..Gedrit all his gynge and his ground held. 1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena sig. X Wishing that in the meane time some course were taken for the re-edifying the walls, whereto he would cause his Ghing put their helping hands. 2. a. A retinue (of a great personage); a household, a body of retainers or followers. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > collective or retinue hirdc888 douthOE gingc1175 folkc1275 hirdfolcc1275 tail1297 meiniec1300 meiniec1300 routc1325 suitc1325 peoplec1330 leading1382 retinuea1387 repairc1390 retenancea1393 farneta1400 to-draughta1400 sembly14.. sequelc1420 manya1425 followingc1429 affinity?1435 family1438 train1489 estatec1500 port1545 retain1548 equipage1579 suite1579 attendancy1586 attendance1607 tendancea1616 sequacesa1660 cortège1679 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 12186 Þe laferrd godess hird..wass aȝȝ shadd ut. All fra þe deofless genge. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5566 Þa læuedi Ælene..to Ierusalem wende mid richere genge. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 786 Him and his genge wel he fedde. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 2378 Abram went and wit him loth, His geing, his catel, ilk crot. ?1507 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 92 I will nane haif bot our avne gyng. 1601 A. Munday Downfall Earle of Huntington sig. E2 For all your dagger, wert not for your ging, I would knocke my whipstocke on your addle head. b. In plural. A person's followers or people. Also: people in general. ΚΠ c1330 Roland & Vernagu (Auch.) (1882) 49 (MED) He sende him grace him to slo, Þat had y-wrouȝt so michel wo, & slawe godes ginges. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 1648 (MED) Þan gas he furth with his gingis [a1500 Trin. Dublin gyng] to godis awen temple. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 46 He offert onestly in honour of venus A gobet of gold þat gyngys might se. c1626 Dick of Devonshire (1955) 155 The mermaydes of those Seas..were ravishd by Drake & his brave Ginges. 3. a. gen. A gathering of people, a company; a band, a gang; a set. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [noun] ferec975 flockOE gingc1175 rout?c1225 companyc1300 fellowshipc1300 covinc1330 eschelec1330 tripc1330 fellowred1340 choira1382 head1381 glub1382 partya1387 peoplec1390 conventc1426 an abominable of monksa1450 body1453 carol1483 band1490 compernagea1500 consorce1512 congregationa1530 corporationa1535 corpse1534 chore1572 society1572 crew1578 string1579 consort1584 troop1584 tribe1609 squadron1617 bunch1622 core1622 lag1624 studa1625 brigadea1649 platoon1711 cohort1719 lot1725 corps1754 loo1764 squad1786 brotherhood1820 companionhood1825 troupe1825 crowd1840 companionship1842 group1845 that ilk1845 set-out1854 layout1869 confraternity1872 show1901 crush1904 we1927 familia1933 shower1936 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 3918 Þatt teȝȝre genge shollde ben Wiþþ gode sawless ekedd. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 1735 (MED) Ne of þe metes bidde i nout dwelle; þat is þe storie for to lenge, It wolde anuye þis fayre genge. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1600 Þis gaye genge of grece to rome gunne ride. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 455 Þat dyspleseȝ non of oure gyng, For ho is Quene of cortaysye. c1450 (?a1400) Wars Alexander (Ashm.) l. 2435 For-þi bees glad now, all þe gingis ȝe sall na gref haue. a1500 (c1400) St. Erkenwald (1977) l. 137 (MED) Þen heldyt fro þe autere alle þe heghe gynge. 1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) ii. ii, in Wks. I. 22 Let me not liue, and I could not finde in my heart to swinge the whole ging of 'hem, one after another. 1627 M. Drayton Shepheards Sirena in Battaile Agincourt 146 Rollo..Who still led the Rusticke Ging. 1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 19 Proceeding furder I am met with a whole ging of words and phrases not mine. a1652 R. Brome Damoiselle i. i, in Wks. (1873) I. 383 Could I but dream..his youthfull Ghing Could stretch to get him out. 1877 Spirit of Times 15 Dec. 514/2 A National American Association, which shall have no clique, gang, or ging of political huxters to defraud the Government. b. depreciative. A crew, a rabble. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > the rabble > a rabble ginga1275 frapaillec1330 rabblea1398 rascal1415 rafflea1450 mardlec1480 rabblement1543 riff-raff1570 rabble rout?1589 scum1597 skim1606 tumult1629 rebel rout1648 mob1688 drabble1789 attroopment1795 scuff1856 shower1936 a1275 Body & Soul (Trin. Cambr. B.14.39) l. 110 in A. S. M. Clark Seint Maregrete & Body & Soul (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Michigan) (1972) 140 Þan clepis ur lauerd satanas..: ‘Awai,..þit þine wuele kenke [?a1300 Digby 86 genge]’. 1592 R. Greene Quip for Vpstart Courtier sig. E2 What a Ging was here gathered together, no doubt Hell is broke loose. 1635 A. Gil Sacred Philos. Holy Script. ii. xxiv. 173 Ebion, Cerinthus, Photinus, and the rest of that ging. 1659 G. Torriano Florio's Vocabolario Italiano & Inglese Ciurmatore, one of the basest crue or ghing. c. spec. The crew of a ship or boat. Cf. gang n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > [noun] > crew ship1338 fellowshipa1400 shipping14.. ging1585 company1591 complement1600 ship's company1644 crew1694 compliment1708 equipage1728 1585 R. Lane Let. 12 Aug. in Trans. & Coll. Amer. Antiquarian Soc. (1860) 4 11 Symon Ferdynando..hathe carryed him selfe..with grete skylle.., as the whoolle gynge of masters and marryners wyll with one voyce affyrme. 1594 R. Carew tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne iii. 101 So hardy ging of Marriners forth blowne, In venture to deskry some straungy shore. 1633 T. James Strange Voy. 56 The Cock-swaine with his ging, were to goe in the Boate. 1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 173 Doing himselfe the office of Boatsonne, ghing-captaine. 1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon ii. viii. 408 The Ghing of all the Gallies in the Harbour being drawn out every night to water this Cours. 4. In Old Testament usage: the Gentile nations collectively; heathen peoples. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [noun] > person > plural and collective heathenessec900 heathenc1000 paynimc1275 Barbarya1300 Saracen1303 payenyc1330 nationsa1382 paynimryc1384 ginga1400 heathenheada1400 payemy?a1400 paynimy1481 paganyc1515 gentility1546 paganism1605 gentilisma1638 pagandom1691 heathendom1860 heathenrya1890 a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) ii. 8 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 131 Aske ofe me, and .i. to þe sal Giue genge [L. gentes] wele mare with-al. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) ii. §1. 8 Whi gnaistid thee genge [L. gentes] & the folke thoght vnnayte thyngs. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online December 2021). gingn.² Brit. /ɡɪŋ/, U.S. /ɡɪŋ/, Australian English /ɡɪŋ/ Origin: Probably an imitative or expressive formation. Etymology: Probably imitative of the sound made by the elastic band when firing; compare e.g. ping int. Australian slang. A hand-held catapult. ΚΠ 1903 Bulletin (Sydney) 17 Dec. 35/1 He had in his pocket a ‘ging’ with a shop-made wire prong, a ‘ging’ of marvellous power and deadly accuracy. 1933 N. Lindsay Saturdee 152 Peter took out his ging to make a show of catapulting a stone at a non-existent bird. 1968 S. Gore Holy Smoke 14 Young Dave only lets fly with one shot outa his ging, and the big bloke's stonkered. 1996 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 9 Nov. r06 The State school kids must arrive armed with gings (children's catapults), riding imaginary horses. 2006 M. Houldsworth From Gulf to God knows Where I. ix. 124 I was an expert in making gings, which is what we called shanghais. We used to get a green forked stick and..cut rubber bands out of bike tubes for ammo. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † gingv.¹ Origin: An imitative or expressive formation. Etymology: Imitative; compare jingle v. Obsolete. rare. intransitive. To jingle, to tinkle. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > ringing sound > ring [verb (intransitive)] > jingle or jangle ringlea1398 jinglec1405 ging1570 jingle1631 chinkle1870 jingle-jangle1899 twingle-twangle1900 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Liii ^v/1 Ging, tinnire. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2021). gingv.² Brit. /ɡɪŋ/, U.S. /ɡɪŋ/ Forms: 1700s ging, 1700s–1800s ginged (past participle), 1800s– ginge Brit. /ɡɪndʒ/, U.S. /ɡɪndʒ/. Origin: Of unknown origin. Etymology: Origin unknown.The senses illustrated in the following quots., included in N.E.D. (1899), are not otherwise recorded; the former may ultimately go back to a typographical error for going:1824 J. Mander Derbyshire Miners' Gloss. Ging up a Shaft, that is climbing up a Shaft... Ginging a Shaft is also arching the mouth of an old useless Shaft, which is usually done with stone in order to prevent Cattle falling therein. English regional (chiefly Derbyshire). Mining. Now historical and rare. transitive. To line or shore up (a mine shaft), with wood, stones, or bricks. Recorded earliest with up. ΚΠ 1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. K Ging up a Shaft. Where the Oagues lye not far of from the Day; in old Shafts, the Miner, by ordinary Timber and Stoprice, or sometimes by Walls from the Top of the Oagues, makes a wary and frugal Shift to support it. 1811 J. Farey Gen. View Agric. Derbyshire I. 323 Such [shafts] as are to be ginged, steined, or lined with stone or brick, are round, or oval. 1889 Cent. Dict. Ginge, in mining, to line (a shaft) with wood or stone. 2000 L. Porter & J. A. Robey Copper & Lead Mines Manifold Valley ix. 198/2 The shaft is in a reasonable condition, given its age, and the top was ginged, i.e. it has a stone lining down to the rock. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹OEn.²1903v.¹1570v.²1747
随便看	θ93479 θ9348 θ93480 θ93481 θ93482 θ93483 θ93484 θ93485 θ93486 θ93487 θ93488 θ93489 θ9349 θ93490 θ93491 θ93492 θ93493 θ93494 θ93495 θ93496 θ93497 θ93498 θ93499 θ935 θ9350

† gingn.1

gingn.2

† gingv.1

gingv.2

† gingn.¹

gingn.²

† gingv.¹

gingv.²