单词 | gland |
释义 | glandn.1 1. An acorn. Obsolete exc. (occasionally) Botany = glans n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > oak and allies > [noun] > acorn or cup of an acorn acorneOE acorn cup1544 gland1631 pignut1711 wrapper1718 thimble1873 the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > nut > [noun] > acorn acorneOE gland1631 eggcorn1844 belloot1866 1631 S. Jerome Arraignem. Whole Creature x. §1. 76 Many Countries lived of Pulse. and Gland, and Dates. 1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 45 A hundred Bushels, which may probably contain in Number 384000 Acorns; for reckoning sixty Glands to the Pint, which is 3840 to the Bushel, in a hundred Bushels there will be the aforesaid Number. 1836 Penny Cycl. V. 252/3 Gland,..the fruit of the oak, the hazel, &c. 1880 A. Gray Struct. Bot. 296 The nut is often enclosed or surrounded by a kind of involucre, termed a Cupule; such as the cup at the base of the acorn, the bur of the chestnut, and the leaf-like covering of the hazel-nut. The name Glans (sometimes Gland in English) is technically applied to such nuts. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > suppositories, etc. > [noun] pessarya1400 suppositorya1400 supposta1500 suppositor1540 collyrie1600 nascal1640 searching candle1651 candle1684 gland1684 collyrium1748 1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician xix. 745 Glands, or Suppositories. 3. = glans n. 1 (Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. 1854). 4. Historical. An acorn-shaped ball of lead, used as a missile. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > [noun] > ball of lead as missile plummet1452 gland1852 plumb1867 1852 R. Burn Naval & Mil. Techn. Dict. French Lang. 183 Gland,..leaden ball for a sling, in the form of an acorn, having frequently devices engraved upon it. 1927 J. Mothersole In Roman Scotl. xviii. 252 These leaden sling-bullets (called ‘glandes’ because they were shaped like acorns) were only used up to the close of the first century. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022). glandn.2 1. Physiology. An organ, composed of nucleated cells and either simple or complex in structure, which separates from the blood certain constituents for use in the body, or for ejection from it.Simple and compound glands are also distinguished as conglobate adj. (cf. lymphatic adj. and n.) and conglomerate adj. and n. Certain organs, such as the spleen, thymus, thyroid, and adrenals, which perform the function of glands but have no excretory duct, are known as ductless adj. (also aporic) glands. Individual glands, or groups of glands, are chiefly named from their position, as cervical, cœliac, iliac, etc., or from their discoverer, as Blandin's, Bowman's, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > [noun] kernel1398 glandulec1400 aden1653 gland1692 1692 J. Ray Misc. Disc. Dissolution World 132 Shells found in Animal Bodies, in whose Glands they were originally formed. a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo in Wks. (1721) III. 109 Soft Love compress'd the Gland in either Eye, And Tears flow'd down. 1718 J. Chamberlayne tr. B. Nieuwentyt Relig. Philosopher I. iii. iv. 29 There are in the Mouth so many Glands or Fountains of Spittle. 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 155 The Chyle's white trunk..Winds into glands, inextricable clues. 1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 75 The cellular tissue is more abundant in the muscles than in the glands. 1851 W. B. Carpenter Man. Physiol. (ed. 2) 298 In Mammalia, the Absorbent system presents itself in its most developed and concentrated state..the glands are much more numerous. 1872 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. (1873) x. 430 Each gland consists essentially of a net~work of finely divided lymphatic vessels on and amongst which capillary blood vessels ramify. 2. Botany. A secreting cell or group of cells on the surface of a plant-structure (cf. quots. 1845, 1878). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > plant substances > [noun] > secreting cell gland1785 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xii. 131 At one end of these last [sc. filaments] is a gland, at the other an anther. 1805 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 14 543 Leaves circular..with two glands running one into another on the inner side above the base. 1845 J. Lindley School Bot. (1858) i. 19 Glands are either hairs with a head or secreting organ..or internal nuclei..or little tubercles upon various organs. 1878 W. R. McNab Bot. (1879) 59 Glands are cells or aggregations of cells distinguished..by containing resinous, oily, sugary, or fragrant substances. Compounds C1. Generalattributive. gland-alveolus n. ΚΠ 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 809 Numerous small gland alveoli open along its course. gland-cell n. ΚΠ 1875 C. Darwin Insectivorous Plants iii. 56 The fluid within the gland cells passes outwards. 1880 L. S. Beale Slight Ailm. 110 As age advances the gland-cells become more feeble. gland-cyst n. ΚΠ 1885 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Gland-cyst, a cyst developed in a gland from obstruction of a duct or distension of a follicle. gland-duct n. ΚΠ 1860 H. Thompson Dis. Prostate (1868) 62 Pus is, in such cases, often found filling the sinus pocularis and the gland-ducts around. gland-fever n. ΚΠ 1885 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Gland-fever, a fever having connection with a disordered condition of the glands. gland-follicle n. ΚΠ 1876 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) I. iii. 138 The kind of tissue which is found between the gland-follicles. gland-lesion n. ΚΠ 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 659 The gland-lesion was essentially primary. gland-lobule n. ΚΠ 1849–52 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. ii. 829/1 The gland-lobules have the same relation to the efferent renal veins. gland-mass n. ΚΠ 1897 J. Hutchinson Archives Surg. VIII. 205 A very considerable gland-mass had now appeared on the left iliac fossa. gland-nerve n. ΚΠ 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 307 Gland-nerves are..held to contain at least two sets of fibres. gland-orifice n. ΚΠ 1876 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) I. iii. 101 The dilatation of occluded ducts or natural gland-orifices. gland-patch n. ΚΠ 1849–52 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. ii. 839/1 In many Mammalia certain Peyerian gland-patches show a constant..size at all periods. gland-pit n. ΚΠ 1906 Academy 6 Jan. 8/2 The pre-orbital gland-pit which has been traced in the skulls of Hipparion. gland-salts n. ΚΠ 1873 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. (ed. 2) 79 In those cases in which calcification is associated with retained gland-secretions, the calcareous matters will consist of the specific gland salts. gland-secretion n. ΚΠ 1873 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. (ed. 2) 79 In those cases in which calcification is associated with retained gland-secretions, the calcareous matters will consist of the specific gland salts. gland-structure n. ΚΠ 1873 T. H. Green Introd. Pathol. & Morbid Anat. (ed. 2) 154 The adenomata always originate from pre-existing gland-strucures. gland-tissue n. ΚΠ 1860 H. Thompson Dis. Prostate (1868) 62 More fluid than natural is found in the gland-tissue, and freely issues on being pressed. gland-tube n. ΚΠ 1881 Trans. Obstetr. Soc. 22 48 The lumen of the gland-tubes. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 394/1 The forms of the several kinds of glands depend on the degree of branching of these gland tubes. gland-tumour n. ΚΠ 1897 J. Hutchinson Archives Surg. VIII. 201 The following notes describe a case in which a gland tumour..continued to grow steadily for many years. gland-vesicle n. ΚΠ 1849–52 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. ii. 831/2 A microscopic examination of the expressed contents of the gland-vesicles reveals nuclei. C2. gland-bearing adj. ΚΠ 1860 Darwin in Life & Lett. (1887) III. 319 One of the gland-bearing hairs of Drosera. gland-ciliate adj. ΚΠ 1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 465 Nephrodium rigidum..involucre, gland~ciliate. gland-ciliated adj. ΚΠ 1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 124 Rosa canina..densely gland-ciliated bracts. gland-dotted adj. ΚΠ 1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands p. xi Hypericineæ..leaves opposite often gland-dotted. gland-like adj. ΚΠ 1849–52 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. ii. 1214/1 The whitish gland-like mass. gland-tipped adj. ΚΠ 1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 110 Quite glabrous, i.e. without bristles or gland-tipped hairs. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022). glandn.3 Mechanics. 1. A sleeve employed to press a packing tight on a piston-rod (cf. follower n. 6d, and clam ‘a movable collaring for a pump’ ( Eng. Dial. Dict.). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > piston > [noun] > parts of piston valve1735 piston rod1753 piston ring1754 piston head1824 gland1839 junk ring1839 slipper block1881 tail-rod1894 scraper ring1918 1839 R. S. Robinson Naut. Steam Engine Explained 53 bb is the cover of the casing, furnished with a stuffing box, gland, &c. 1871 Daily News 6 Nov. The glands were leaking, and I thought every minute the steampipe would go. 1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 23 The glands on the top of each low-pressure cylinder..will be enclosed in a steam-tight casing. 2. A cross-piece or clutch made fast to a shaft, and communicating motion to a machine by engaging with part of the gearing. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > parts of machines > parts which provide power > [noun] > clutches bayonet1798 clutch1814 gland1825 friction-clutch1842 disc clutch1859 shifter1869 cone-clutch1874 clutch-box1875 jaw clutch1893 plate clutch1906 band clutch1910 single-plate clutch1926 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 31 Clutches or glands may be used with much advantage as a coupling for double bearings. Fig. 57 represents a coupling of this kind; it consists of two crosses..one fixed to each shaft. 3. Founding. a. ‘A hooked bar by which the parts of a molder's flask are clamped together.’ ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 971/2. b. ‘A plate through which the ends of a band or tightening clevis pass. A clip-plate.’ ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 971/2. Compounds C1. gland-packer. ΚΠ ?1881 Census Eng. & Wales: Instr. Clerks classifying Occupations & Ages (?1885) 42 Engine, Machine maker..Gland Packer (Loco.). C2. gland-cock n. (see quot.). ΚΠ 1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 400/1 Gland-cock, a faucet held in place by a gland. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.11631n.21692n.31825 |
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