glaciern.

Brit.

/ˈɡlasɪə/,

/ˈɡleɪsɪə/,

/ˈɡleɪʃ(ɪ)ə/, U.S.

/ˈɡleɪʃər/

Forms: Also 1700s glaciere.

Etymology: < French glacier (earlier glacière ), < glace ice; apparently Savoyard word. Compare gletscher n.

A large accumulation or river of ice in a high mountain valley, formed by the gradual descent and consolidation of the snow that falls on the higher ground. The resulting mass is often many miles in length, and continues to move slowly downward until it reaches a point where the temperature is high enough to melt the ice as fast as it descends.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [noun]

glacier1744

gletscher1762

glacery1782

mer de glace1818

1744 (title) An account of the glacieres or ice alps in Savoy, in two letters.

1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 327 With snowy glacieres lodged in the deep shaded apertures.

1775 C. Davy & F. Davy tr. M.-T. Bourrit Relation of Journey to Glaciers Savoy 88 The Glaciers..are beds of ice, more or less thick, which are lodged upon declivities between the mountains.

1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France II. 229 We have the pleasure of seeing Switzerland, without..climbing its glacieres.

1817 Ld. Byron Manfred i. i. 68 The Glacier's cold and restless mass Moves onward day by day.

1823 W. Scoresby Jrnl. Voy. Northern Whale-fishery 229 There are two glaciers, or land icebergs.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. 422 Glaciers are derived from mountain snow, which has been consolidated to ice by pressure.

1883 ‘Ouida’ Wanda I. 30 The ice bastions of a thousand glaciers glow in the sunrise.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

glacier-drift n.

ΚΠ

1876 L. J. R. Agassiz Geol. Sketches 2nd Ser. 89 Upon these surfaces..rests the drift, having everywhere the characteristic composition of glacier-drift.

glacier-flea n.

ΚΠ

1884 Macmillan in Sunday Mag. Aug. 526/1 Under the stones..may be found lively colonies of the small black glacier flea.

glacier-foot n.

ΚΠ

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxi. 208 The stream..tunnels its way out near the glacier-foot.

glacier-ice n.

ΚΠ

1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. ii. ii. §6. 110 When the granular névé slowly slides down into the valleys, it acquires a more compact crystalline structure and becomes glacier-ice.

glacier-lake n.

ΚΠ

1876 L. J. R. Agassiz Geol. Sketches 2nd Ser. 31 The ‘parallel roads’ of Glen Roy mark the ancient levels of the glacier-lakes in that glen.

glacier-mass n.

ΚΠ

1874 J. Geikie Great Ice Age 524 The lower strata of the glacier-mass would sweep south-west by south.

glacier moraine n.

ΚΠ

1853 J. F. W. Herschel Pop. Lect. Sci. (1873) vi. §34. 250 A glacier moraine might be redistributed by tidal action over the floor of the Ocean.

glacier-motion n.

ΚΠ

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. ix. 270 The fact of glacier-motion has been known for an indefinite time to the inhabitants of the mountains.

glacier-phenomenon n.

ΚΠ

1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. 73 I will describe to you..various other glacier-phenomena affecting the scenery of the Alps.

glacier-pool n.

ΚΠ

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xxiv. 357 Figures..formed in the ice on the surface of glacier-pools.

glacier-river n.

ΚΠ

1914 D. H. Lawrence Prussian Officer & Other Stories 16 The whity-green glacier-river twisted through its pale shoals.

1936 Discovery May 139/2 Another excellent river..[for fishing] is the glacier river Blandá.

glacier-sea n.

ΚΠ

a1835 F. D. Hemans tr. J. L. Tieck Alp-horn Song in Wks. (1839) III. 109 The sparkling blue of the glacier-sea.

glacier-slope n.

ΚΠ

1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxv. 332 Some of its glacier-slopes were margined with verdure.

glacier-track n.

ΚΠ

1876 L. J. R. Agassiz Geol. Sketches 2nd Ser. 66 This western track of the glacier is crossed transversely..by two other glacier-tracks.

glacier-valley n.

ΚΠ

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. viii. 264 A succession of old lateral moraines, such as many glacier-valleys exhibit.

glacier-water n.

ΚΠ

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xii. 86 Beer, cold as the glacier water.

C2. Instrumental.

glacier-choked adj.

ΚΠ

1897 Pembrokeshire Antiq. 25 Those days of ice-capped hills, glacier-choked valleys, mammoths and cave men.

glacier-clad adj.

ΚΠ

1889 G. F. Wright Ice Age N. Amer. 76 The vast glacier-clad interior of the country.

glacier-ploughed adj.

ΚΠ

1888 Cent. Mag. 36 791/1 New England. Its stony hills and rocky coast, its glacier-plowed and niggardly soil.

glacier-worn adj.

ΚΠ

1876 L. J. R. Agassiz Geol. Sketches 2nd Ser. 41 The inequalities of the glacier-worn surfaces.

C3. Special combinations.

glacier breeze n. (see quot.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > cold or cool wind

barber1830

sniveller1834

glacier breeze1930

1930 Meteorol. Gloss. (Meteorol. Office) (ed. 2) 86 Glacier breeze, a cold breeze, blowing down the course of a glacier, which owes its origin to the cooling of the air in contact with the ice.

glacier burst n. the sudden release of water impounded by a glacier.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > sudden rush of water > [noun] > impounded by glacier

glacier burst1904

1904 Nature 29 Sept. 541/1 The importance of glacier-bursts in shaping the topography of glaciated areas.

1950 T. Longstaff This my Voy. ix. 178 We saw a ‘glacier-burst’ from a small hanging glacier..a crashing roar of falling stones followed by a great rush of black, muddy water down the hillside.

glacier-mill n. = moulin n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [noun] > circular well or shaft

moulin1843

giant's kettle1882

glacier-mill1894

1894 J. Geikie Great Ice Age (ed. 3) xxix. 435 Glacier-mills that gave rise to ‘giants' kettles’.

glacier-mud n. (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1865 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 21 166 The Boulder-earth or Glacier-mud. Resting on the surface of the ice-worn rocks we find a widespread accumulation of boulder-earth, an unstratified mass of coarse gritty mud, in which are imbedded pebbles, boulders, and stony particles.

glacier-rope n. a rope used in traversing glaciers, to attach the members of a party together, as a precaution against accidents.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > mountaineering or climbing > [noun] > artificial aid > types of

runner1688

runner ring1791

ice axec1800

alpenstock1829

rope1838

climbing-iron1857

piolet1868

snap-link1875

prickera1890

middleman('s) knot (also loop, noose, etc.)1892

chock1894

glacier-rope1897

piton1898

run-out1901

belaying-pin1903

snap-ring1903

ironmongery1904

line1907

Tricouni1914

ice claw1920

peg1920

sling1920

ice piton1926

ice hammer1932

karabiner1932

rock piton1934

thread belay1935

mugger1941

running belay1941

piton hammer1943

sky-hook1951

etrier1955

pied d'éléphant1956

rope sling1957

piton runner1959

bong1960

krab1963

rurp1963

ice screw1965

nut1965

traverse line1965

jumar1966

knife-blade1968

tie-off1968

rock peg1971

whammer1971

Whillans whammer1971

Whillans harness1974

1897 Westm. Gaz. 16 Aug. 4/2 He was tied to a rope and lowered. Three glacier-rope lengths were necessary before he reached Sachs.

glacier-silt n. = glacier-mud n.

ΚΠ

1893 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. I Glacier-silt.

glacier-slow adj. slow as (the movement of) a glacier.

ΚΠ

1861 J. R. Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 318 So I submitted, took to pentameters, and only hope the thoughts are good enough to be preserved in the ice of the colder and almost glacier-slow measure.

glacier snout n. = snout n.¹ 4c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [noun] > front part

ice blink1792

snout1841

glacier snout1933

1933 Discovery Jan. 28/1 Nor is the correlation of glacier-snout movement with Brückner cycles by any means a fact.

glacier-snow n. the snow at the upper end of a glacier, not yet hardened into ice by pressure.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [noun] > snow not yet packed into ice

névé1842

firn1853

glacier-snow1883

1883 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. Suppl. Glacier-snow, same as Névé.

glacier-table n. (see quot.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [noun] > flat mass of rock on surface ice

glacier-table1860

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. vi. 44 Glacier tables; flat masses of rock, raised high upon columns of ice.

glacier tongue n. (see quot. 1956).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [noun] > extension projecting seaward

glacier tongue1930

1930 Discovery Mar. 91/2 Glacier-tongues provided the starting point.

1956 T. Armstrong & B. Roberts Illustr. Ice Gloss. 6 Glacier tongue, an extension of a glacier, projecting seaward, and usually afloat.

Derivatives

ˈglaciered adj. covered with glaciers; also (of water) proceeding from a glacier.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [adjective] > having or covered with

glaciered1824

glaciated1861

1824 New Monthly Mag. 10 16 Those sublime and glacier'd peaks.

1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 234 The glaciered water is too cold for them [fish].

1847 B. Disraeli Tancred II. iii. iv. 35 What need of..mountains of glaciered crest.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xvii. 130 A barrier apparently as permanent as the glaciered hills with which it is united.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	glacier
释义	glaciern. Brit. /ˈɡlasɪə/, /ˈɡleɪsɪə/, /ˈɡleɪʃ(ɪ)ə/, U.S. /ˈɡleɪʃər/ Forms: Also 1700s glaciere. Etymology: < French glacier (earlier glacière ), < glace ice; apparently Savoyard word. Compare gletscher n. A large accumulation or river of ice in a high mountain valley, formed by the gradual descent and consolidation of the snow that falls on the higher ground. The resulting mass is often many miles in length, and continues to move slowly downward until it reaches a point where the temperature is high enough to melt the ice as fast as it descends. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [noun] glacier1744 gletscher1762 glacery1782 mer de glace1818 1744 (title) An account of the glacieres or ice alps in Savoy, in two letters. 1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 327 With snowy glacieres lodged in the deep shaded apertures. 1775 C. Davy & F. Davy tr. M.-T. Bourrit Relation of Journey to Glaciers Savoy 88 The Glaciers..are beds of ice, more or less thick, which are lodged upon declivities between the mountains. 1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France II. 229 We have the pleasure of seeing Switzerland, without..climbing its glacieres. 1817 Ld. Byron Manfred i. i. 68 The Glacier's cold and restless mass Moves onward day by day. 1823 W. Scoresby Jrnl. Voy. Northern Whale-fishery 229 There are two glaciers, or land icebergs. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. 422 Glaciers are derived from mountain snow, which has been consolidated to ice by pressure. 1883 ‘Ouida’ Wanda I. 30 The ice bastions of a thousand glaciers glow in the sunrise. Compounds C1. General attributive. glacier-drift n. ΚΠ 1876 L. J. R. Agassiz Geol. Sketches 2nd Ser. 89 Upon these surfaces..rests the drift, having everywhere the characteristic composition of glacier-drift. glacier-flea n. ΚΠ 1884 Macmillan in Sunday Mag. Aug. 526/1 Under the stones..may be found lively colonies of the small black glacier flea. glacier-foot n. ΚΠ 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xxi. 208 The stream..tunnels its way out near the glacier-foot. glacier-ice n. ΚΠ 1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. ii. ii. §6. 110 When the granular névé slowly slides down into the valleys, it acquires a more compact crystalline structure and becomes glacier-ice. glacier-lake n. ΚΠ 1876 L. J. R. Agassiz Geol. Sketches 2nd Ser. 31 The ‘parallel roads’ of Glen Roy mark the ancient levels of the glacier-lakes in that glen. glacier-mass n. ΚΠ 1874 J. Geikie Great Ice Age 524 The lower strata of the glacier-mass would sweep south-west by south. glacier moraine n. ΚΠ 1853 J. F. W. Herschel Pop. Lect. Sci. (1873) vi. §34. 250 A glacier moraine might be redistributed by tidal action over the floor of the Ocean. glacier-motion n. ΚΠ 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. ix. 270 The fact of glacier-motion has been known for an indefinite time to the inhabitants of the mountains. glacier-phenomenon n. ΚΠ 1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. 73 I will describe to you..various other glacier-phenomena affecting the scenery of the Alps. glacier-pool n. ΚΠ 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. xxiv. 357 Figures..formed in the ice on the surface of glacier-pools. glacier-river n. ΚΠ 1914 D. H. Lawrence Prussian Officer & Other Stories 16 The whity-green glacier-river twisted through its pale shoals. 1936 Discovery May 139/2 Another excellent river..[for fishing] is the glacier river Blandá. glacier-sea n. ΚΠ a1835 F. D. Hemans tr. J. L. Tieck Alp-horn Song in Wks. (1839) III. 109 The sparkling blue of the glacier-sea. glacier-slope n. ΚΠ 1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. I. xxv. 332 Some of its glacier-slopes were margined with verdure. glacier-track n. ΚΠ 1876 L. J. R. Agassiz Geol. Sketches 2nd Ser. 66 This western track of the glacier is crossed transversely..by two other glacier-tracks. glacier-valley n. ΚΠ 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps ii. viii. 264 A succession of old lateral moraines, such as many glacier-valleys exhibit. glacier-water n. ΚΠ 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xii. 86 Beer, cold as the glacier water. C2. Instrumental. glacier-choked adj. ΚΠ 1897 Pembrokeshire Antiq. 25 Those days of ice-capped hills, glacier-choked valleys, mammoths and cave men. glacier-clad adj. ΚΠ 1889 G. F. Wright Ice Age N. Amer. 76 The vast glacier-clad interior of the country. glacier-ploughed adj. ΚΠ 1888 Cent. Mag. 36 791/1 New England. Its stony hills and rocky coast, its glacier-plowed and niggardly soil. glacier-worn adj. ΚΠ 1876 L. J. R. Agassiz Geol. Sketches 2nd Ser. 41 The inequalities of the glacier-worn surfaces. C3. Special combinations. glacier breeze n. (see quot.). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > cold or cool wind barber1830 sniveller1834 glacier breeze1930 1930 Meteorol. Gloss. (Meteorol. Office) (ed. 2) 86 Glacier breeze, a cold breeze, blowing down the course of a glacier, which owes its origin to the cooling of the air in contact with the ice. glacier burst n. the sudden release of water impounded by a glacier. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > sudden rush of water > [noun] > impounded by glacier glacier burst1904 1904 Nature 29 Sept. 541/1 The importance of glacier-bursts in shaping the topography of glaciated areas. 1950 T. Longstaff This my Voy. ix. 178 We saw a ‘glacier-burst’ from a small hanging glacier..a crashing roar of falling stones followed by a great rush of black, muddy water down the hillside. glacier-mill n. = moulin n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [noun] > circular well or shaft moulin1843 giant's kettle1882 glacier-mill1894 1894 J. Geikie Great Ice Age (ed. 3) xxix. 435 Glacier-mills that gave rise to ‘giants' kettles’. glacier-mud n. (see quot.). ΚΠ 1865 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 21 166 The Boulder-earth or Glacier-mud. Resting on the surface of the ice-worn rocks we find a widespread accumulation of boulder-earth, an unstratified mass of coarse gritty mud, in which are imbedded pebbles, boulders, and stony particles. glacier-rope n. a rope used in traversing glaciers, to attach the members of a party together, as a precaution against accidents. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > mountaineering or climbing > [noun] > artificial aid > types of runner1688 runner ring1791 ice axec1800 alpenstock1829 rope1838 climbing-iron1857 piolet1868 snap-link1875 prickera1890 middleman('s) knot (also loop, noose, etc.)1892 chock1894 glacier-rope1897 piton1898 run-out1901 belaying-pin1903 snap-ring1903 ironmongery1904 line1907 Tricouni1914 ice claw1920 peg1920 sling1920 ice piton1926 ice hammer1932 karabiner1932 rock piton1934 thread belay1935 mugger1941 running belay1941 piton hammer1943 sky-hook1951 etrier1955 pied d'éléphant1956 rope sling1957 piton runner1959 bong1960 krab1963 rurp1963 ice screw1965 nut1965 traverse line1965 jumar1966 knife-blade1968 tie-off1968 rock peg1971 whammer1971 Whillans whammer1971 Whillans harness1974 1897 Westm. Gaz. 16 Aug. 4/2 He was tied to a rope and lowered. Three glacier-rope lengths were necessary before he reached Sachs. glacier-silt n. = glacier-mud n. ΚΠ 1893 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. I Glacier-silt. glacier-slow adj. slow as (the movement of) a glacier. ΚΠ 1861 J. R. Lowell Lett. (1894) I. 318 So I submitted, took to pentameters, and only hope the thoughts are good enough to be preserved in the ice of the colder and almost glacier-slow measure. glacier snout n. = snout n.¹ 4c. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [noun] > front part ice blink1792 snout1841 glacier snout1933 1933 Discovery Jan. 28/1 Nor is the correlation of glacier-snout movement with Brückner cycles by any means a fact. glacier-snow n. the snow at the upper end of a glacier, not yet hardened into ice by pressure. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [noun] > snow not yet packed into ice névé1842 firn1853 glacier-snow1883 1883 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. Suppl. Glacier-snow, same as Névé. glacier-table n. (see quot.). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [noun] > flat mass of rock on surface ice glacier-table1860 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. vi. 44 Glacier tables; flat masses of rock, raised high upon columns of ice. glacier tongue n. (see quot. 1956). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [noun] > extension projecting seaward glacier tongue1930 1930 Discovery Mar. 91/2 Glacier-tongues provided the starting point. 1956 T. Armstrong & B. Roberts Illustr. Ice Gloss. 6 Glacier tongue, an extension of a glacier, projecting seaward, and usually afloat. Derivatives ˈglaciered adj. covered with glaciers; also (of water) proceeding from a glacier. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > ice > body of ice > glacier > [adjective] > having or covered with glaciered1824 glaciated1861 1824 New Monthly Mag. 10 16 Those sublime and glacier'd peaks. 1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 234 The glaciered water is too cold for them [fish]. 1847 B. Disraeli Tancred II. iii. iv. 35 What need of..mountains of glaciered crest. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xvii. 130 A barrier apparently as permanent as the glaciered hills with which it is united. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1744
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