Gilyakn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈɡɪljak/, U.S.

/ˈɡɪlˌjæk/

Inflections: Plural Gilyaks, Gilyaki, unchanged.

Forms: 1700s Gilijack, 1800s– Gilack, 1800s– Gilak, 1800s– Giliack, 1800s– Giliak, 1800s– Giljak, 1800s– Gilyack, 1800s– Gilyak, 1900s– Giljack.

Origin: A borrowing from Russian. Etymon: Russian Giljak.

Etymology: < Russian Giljak (1646 in Old Russian), further origin uncertain and disputed: perhaps < a word in a Palaeo-Siberian or Tungusic language (perhaps compare Russian -jak, suffix forming nouns designating a member of a people). The self-designation of the people is Nivkh nivx (plural nivxgu), lit. ‘person’.In the plural form Gilyaki after the Russian plural Giljaki. Nivkh is a Palaeo-Siberian language spoken on the lower Amur and on the island of Sakhalin.

A. n.

1. A member of an indigenous people of the northern part of Sakhalin Island, off the east coast of Russia, and the adjacent Amur River region of Siberia.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > peoples of Siberia > [noun] > other peoples of Siberia

Gilyak1764

Koryak1780

1764 J. Grieve tr. S. P. Krasheninnikov Hist. Kamtschatka i. i. 27 But being burnt through the negligence of the Gilijacks [Rus. Giljakov′′], who left their fires unextinguished, it is now nothing but a bare mountain.

1858 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 28 389 One hundred and seventy miles below Pul, one finds the dwelling places of the Gilyaks.

1890 J. G. Frazer Golden Bough II. iii. 105 The Gilyaks, a Tunguzian people of Eastern Siberia, hold a bear festival.

1913 T'oung Pao 14 335 We know that the Gilyak are very shrewd and energetic tradesmen.

1958 E. A. Armstrong Folklore of Birds i. 6 The Ainu and the Gilyak treat the bears they slay with great reverence.

2015 Japanese Lang. & Lit. 49 112 The Gilyaks' look, lifestyle, habits, and traditions were known to very few Westerners before Chekhov described them.

2. The language of this people.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > isolates or no known affiliations > [noun] > others

Eteocretan?1615

Etruscan1768

Akkadian1856

Sumerian1873

Lycaonian1893

Gilyak1913

Subarian1926

Carian1933

Mysian1939

Mapuche1941

Cappadocian1954

1913 T'oung Pao 14 342 A Chinese loanword in Gilyak.

1968 N. Chomsky & M. Halle Sound Pattern Eng. 305 In many other languages, such as Gilyak..the difference between velar and uvular points of articulation is paralleled by the difference between nonstrident and strident.

1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 481/2 Nivkh or Gilyak is spoken—in two very distinct dialects—by about 2,000 people on the banks of the lower Amur and on Sakhalin island.

B. adj.

Of, relating to, or designating the Gilyaks or their language.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > peoples of Siberia > [adjective] > other peoples of Siberia

Tungus1698

Tungusian1706

Mansi1854

Tungusic1854

Gilyak1858

Evenk1938

Even1941

1858 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 28 389 The Gilyak villages passed were Mangal, Dengdala,..and Tyr.

1890 J. G. Frazer Golden Bough II. iii. 107 The Gilyak custom of leading him from house to house.

1913 T'oung Pao 14 342 It is entirely out of the question that the Gilyak word is derived from Chinese.

1968 Robesonian (Lumberton, N. Carolina) 2 Jan. 4/5 It's customary among the Gilyak men on that northerly island of Sakhalin to trade wives for dogs and dogs for wives.

2015 Japanese Lang. & Lit. 49 117 In the Sakhalin Regional Museum, Im-san shows us the remnants of the Gilyak culture.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	gilyak
释义	Gilyakn.adj. Brit. /ˈɡɪljak/, U.S. /ˈɡɪlˌjæk/ Inflections: Plural Gilyaks, Gilyaki, unchanged. Forms: 1700s Gilijack, 1800s– Gilack, 1800s– Gilak, 1800s– Giliack, 1800s– Giliak, 1800s– Giljak, 1800s– Gilyack, 1800s– Gilyak, 1900s– Giljack. Origin: A borrowing from Russian. Etymon: Russian Giljak. Etymology: < Russian Giljak (1646 in Old Russian), further origin uncertain and disputed: perhaps < a word in a Palaeo-Siberian or Tungusic language (perhaps compare Russian -jak, suffix forming nouns designating a member of a people). The self-designation of the people is Nivkh nivx (plural nivxgu), lit. ‘person’.In the plural form Gilyaki after the Russian plural Giljaki. Nivkh is a Palaeo-Siberian language spoken on the lower Amur and on the island of Sakhalin. A. n. 1. A member of an indigenous people of the northern part of Sakhalin Island, off the east coast of Russia, and the adjacent Amur River region of Siberia. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > peoples of Siberia > [noun] > other peoples of Siberia Gilyak1764 Koryak1780 1764 J. Grieve tr. S. P. Krasheninnikov Hist. Kamtschatka i. i. 27 But being burnt through the negligence of the Gilijacks [Rus. Giljakov′′], who left their fires unextinguished, it is now nothing but a bare mountain. 1858 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 28 389 One hundred and seventy miles below Pul, one finds the dwelling places of the Gilyaks. 1890 J. G. Frazer Golden Bough II. iii. 105 The Gilyaks, a Tunguzian people of Eastern Siberia, hold a bear festival. 1913 T'oung Pao 14 335 We know that the Gilyak are very shrewd and energetic tradesmen. 1958 E. A. Armstrong Folklore of Birds i. 6 The Ainu and the Gilyak treat the bears they slay with great reverence. 2015 Japanese Lang. & Lit. 49 112 The Gilyaks' look, lifestyle, habits, and traditions were known to very few Westerners before Chekhov described them. 2. The language of this people. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > isolates or no known affiliations > [noun] > others Eteocretan?1615 Etruscan1768 Akkadian1856 Sumerian1873 Lycaonian1893 Gilyak1913 Subarian1926 Carian1933 Mysian1939 Mapuche1941 Cappadocian1954 1913 T'oung Pao 14 342 A Chinese loanword in Gilyak. 1968 N. Chomsky & M. Halle Sound Pattern Eng. 305 In many other languages, such as Gilyak..the difference between velar and uvular points of articulation is paralleled by the difference between nonstrident and strident. 1998 A. Dalby Dict. Langs. 481/2 Nivkh or Gilyak is spoken—in two very distinct dialects—by about 2,000 people on the banks of the lower Amur and on Sakhalin island. B. adj. Of, relating to, or designating the Gilyaks or their language. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > peoples of Siberia > [adjective] > other peoples of Siberia Tungus1698 Tungusian1706 Mansi1854 Tungusic1854 Gilyak1858 Evenk1938 Even1941 1858 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 28 389 The Gilyak villages passed were Mangal, Dengdala,..and Tyr. 1890 J. G. Frazer Golden Bough II. iii. 107 The Gilyak custom of leading him from house to house. 1913 T'oung Pao 14 342 It is entirely out of the question that the Gilyak word is derived from Chinese. 1968 Robesonian (Lumberton, N. Carolina) 2 Jan. 4/5 It's customary among the Gilyak men on that northerly island of Sakhalin to trade wives for dogs and dogs for wives. 2015 Japanese Lang. & Lit. 49 117 In the Sakhalin Regional Museum, Im-san shows us the remnants of the Gilyak culture. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1764
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