| 释义 |
gillyflowern. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French gilofre. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman gilofre, gelofre, gilovre, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French girofle, gerofle clove (mid 12th cent.; French girofle ) < post-classical Latin gariofilum , gariophilum (6th cent.), variants of classical Latin caryophyllon dried flower-bud of the clove (Pliny) < Byzantine Greek καρυόϕυλλον < ancient Greek κάρυον nut (see karyo- comb. form) + ϕύλλον leaf (see phyllo- comb. form). Compare earlier clove gillyflower n., and also gariofle n.Parallels in other languages. Compare ( < post-classical Latin) Italian garofano , (regional) garofalo , garofolo clove (a1250), and also ( < French) Old Occitan girofle , gerofle (13th cent.), Catalan girofle (1249), Spanish †girofle , †girofre , †girofe (c1250), Portuguese †girofe , †girofre (14th cent.), Middle Dutch geroffel- , garioffel- , groffel- (in e.g. geroffelsnagele , lit. ‘clove nail’ (Dutch groffelsnagel ); compare clove gillyflower n.). With sense 2 compare Middle French, French giroflée with reference to various plants with a spicy scent (15th cent.; compare -ee suffix1). Form history. In the γ. , δ. , and some β. forms showing folk-etymological alteration after flower n. (compare Middle French girofleur (1584)); in the δ. forms also showing folk-etymological alteration after July n. the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > clove ?c1335 (a1300) Land of Cokaygne l. 110 in W. Heuser (1904) 148 Þe leuerokes..Liȝtiþ adun..Pudrid wiþ gilofre and canel. a1450 in T. Austin (1888) 15 Maces, Gelofres, an Galyngale. ?c1450 in G. Müller (1929) 130 Take notemuge, geryful, camamille. ?c1500 (Digby) l. 1363 Þe Ientyll Ielopher a-ȝens þe cardyakylles wrech. 1508 (de Worde) sig. B.iiv Befe with sauce gelopere [sic]. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > pinks or carnations α. c1400 (?c1380) l. 43 Gilofre, gyngure and gromylyoun. c1450 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker (1884) I. 586/2 Gariofilata, auens vel gilofre. 1517 S. Hawes (1928) xxvi. 114 The gentyll gelofer his odoure renued. 1551 W. Turner sig. H ij The herbe that wee call in Englyshe Gelouer or a Gelyfloure. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens ii. vii. 156 The second sorte..may well be called..in English single Gillofers, whereof be diuers sortes..& are called in Englishe by diuers names, as Pynkes, Soppes in Wine, feathered Gillofers. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens ii. vii. 155 The Pynkes, and small feathered Gillofers, are like to the double or cloaue Gillofers in leaues, stalkes, and floures, sauing they be single and a great deale smaller. 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau 6 b They may gather..fragrant gillowfers of Chyrurgicall operations. 1664 M. Mackaile Pref. 32 The differences of Colours do proceed from the different degrees of the concoction of the Sulphur; as the colours of Red-roses, Gillofers, Violets, &c. do (without doubt) proceed. 1698 J. Wallis in (Royal Soc.) 20 355 You may then put Plants or Vegetables, under several Heads, or Subdivisions of the same Head. As..Flower; rose, tulip, gilofer. 1878–86 J. Britten & R. Holland Feathered Gillofers, Dianthus plumarius. 1883 T. Lees Gilliver, a kind of pink clove or carnation. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > cruciferous flowers > yellow or orange flowers 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens ii. xxv. 176 We do call this floure..French Marygoldes..or Aphrican Gillofers. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens ii. v. 152 Dames Gillofers hath greate large leaues of a browne greene colour, somwhat snipt or dented rounde aboute the edges. 1714 tr. H. Joutel 66 I have seen Primroses, having a Scent like ours, African Gilliflowers, and a Sort of purple wind Flowers. 1734 P. Miller (ed. 3) 133 French Honeysuckles, Pinks,..Dames Gilliflowers,..&c. All of which must be rais'd in the Flower Nursery the first season. 1835 47 Matthiola... The Gilliflower is of almost all colours and hues;..and the double sort has a brilliant appearance in our flower-borders. 1876 C. C. Robinson Jilliver, wallflower. 1894 H. Caine v. xxi. 347 In one hand she carried a huge bunch of sweet-smelling gilvers. 1909 W. J. Spillman (Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Plant Industry, No. 165) 62 Bateson and his coworkers crossed a cream-colored strain of gillyflowers with a white strain. 1955 G. Grigson 63 The classic home for the Stock or Gilliflower as a ‘wild’ plant..is on the cliffs of the Isle of Wight, where this southern species has taken refuge in the warmth like an old lady. 1993 H. Dunmore vii. 88 The warm wind stirs again, carrying a dark brown spice of wallflowers. ‘Smell those gillivors’, he mutters. 2015 (Nexis) 25 July 46 It may only be a small plant but the stock, or gillyflower, certainly stands out in the spring garden for its fragrance and brightly coloured flowers. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun] > eating-apple > types of 1629 J. Parkinson 587 The Gilloflower apple is a fine apple, and finely spotted. 1653 R. Austen 54 The Queene Apple is a great bearing fruit, and good: So the Gillofloure. 1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 66 in Apples..Russetting, Gilly-flower-apples. 1707 J. Mortimer 538 The Gillyflower Apple is of a pleasant relish and long lasting. 1736 ii. iii. 338 Apples [Dec.]. Wheeler's Russet..Hautbonne, Winter Gilliflower. 1816 Apr. 309 This Apple goes by the name of the July Flower Apple, probably from the pleasant smell it gives out when cut. 1867 Nov. 729/1 A rough pine table, heaped high with russets, pippins, and gillyflowers. 1915 A. E. Wilkinson 468 Black Gilliflower (Red Gilliflower)... Use: cooking and market. 1982 R. K. French 79 Apart from the Redstreak, the famous cyder apples of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were the Gennet-Moyle, Foxwhelp,..Gillyflower, and Whitesour. 2010 (Nexis) 29 Sept. 64 Do you know your Snells Glass from your Manaccan Primrose or your Pigs Snout from your Gilliflower? society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > [noun] > sexual indulgence > unchaste behaviour of woman > unchaste or loose woman 1757 ‘T. Bobbin’ (ed. 6) Gloss. Gilliver, a Gilliflower; also a wanton Woman. 1793 G. Steevens Note on Winter's Tale in (rev. ed.) VII. 125 Gilly'vors, a term still used by low people in Sussex, to denote a harlot. a1796 S. Pegge (1896) 27 Gilliver, a light-heel'd dame. 1855 F. K. Robinson 92 A Jilliver, a wanton woman in the last stage of her good looks. A ‘July flower’, or ‘the last rose in summer’. 1882 J. H. Nodal & G. Milner 168 Jilliver, a termagant. 1883 T. Lees Gilliver, sometimes used as Jezebel, a term of reproach to a woman. 1928 A. E. Pease 51/1 Gillifer, Jilliver, Gilliver, a wanton, an immodest old woman who affects youthfulness. 1990 C. Cookson ii. v. 125 They would like to bet that young gillyvor had a house there, and what she taught wasn't the a.b.c. Compounds 1640 J. Parkinson xiii. xiii. 1161 Gramen Carophylleum Rabinum the principall Gilloflower grasse. a1697 J. Aubrey (1847) i. ix. 49 A blew grasse they call July-flower grasse, which cutts the sheepes mouthes. 1710 W. Salmon I. cccxxvii. 460/2 The chief or principal Gilliflower-Grass. 1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gillyflower-grass. Carex glauca, L., and Carex panicea, L. 1932 R. Fisher I. 88 Gillyflower-grass, Carnation Sedge, Glaucous Sedge. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.?c1335 |
