givenadj.n.

/ɡɪv(ə)n/

Forms: see give v.

Used adjectively in senses of the verb.

A. adj.

a. Bestowed as a gift.

ΘΠ

the mind > possession > giving > [adjective] > given

givena1382

accorded1445

administered?1574

bestowed1667

gifted1671

granted1700

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xx. 10 Ther is ȝouen thing, that is not profitable; and ther is ȝoue thing, whos ȝelding is double.

c1400 Rom. Rose 2380 But, in love, free yeven thing Requyrith a gret guerdoning.

1539 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Prouerbes sig. G.i^v A gyuen horse..maye not be loked in the mouth.

1892 Daily News 10 Feb. 5/1 The millionaire, like the ordinary citizen..probably finds that given goods never prosper.

b. given name n. the name given at baptism, the Christian name. ? Chiefly Scottish and U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun] > first name > Christian name

christen namec1330

Christian name1542

font-name1652

given name1827

baptismal name1869

baptismal1872

1827 J. F. Cooper Red Rover I. 19 The youth, whose christian or ‘given’ name, as it is even now generally termed in New-England [etc.].

1833 J. Neal Down-easters I. 59 Ah, but your chriss'n name; your given name?

1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) Given Name, the Christian name, or name that is given to a person, to distinguish it from the surname, which is not given, but inherited. Cobbett calls it a Scotticism. It was probably introduced by the Puritans instead of ‘Saint's name’, or ‘Christian name’.

1895 S. R. Crockett Men of Moss-hags i. 1 Maisie Lennox (for that was her proper given name) was my cousin.

1936 S.P.E. Tract (Soc. for Pure English) No. XLVII. 244 Thoughtful parents often provide Smith with a second surname, usually as his second ‘given’ name, as John Howard Smith.

1954 Manch. Guardian Weekly 11 Nov. 2 His given names recall the majesty of the great judge.

2. Used predicatively: Inclined, disposed, addicted, prone. Const. to. Also †well, piously, etc. given.

ΘΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [adjective] > that does something habitually > given or addicted to something

given1487

addict1530

addicted1546

apt?1550

prostitute1591

hooked (on)1925

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 735 Men, kyndly to Ill giffin.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 692 How Duncane was crovnit King of Scotland and was weill gevin.

1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxviii. 223 Those things that breede rhewmes, doe likewise breede the gowte in such as be giuen thereunto.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 118 What man is there well giuen and honestly minded, who [etc.].

1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 285 The Chancellor, who was not given to those Excesses, would have excus'd himself.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 56. ⁋1 This ill Fortune makes most Men contemplative and given to Reading.

1747 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) XII. 93 I fear you are somewhat enthusiastically given.

1844 N. P. Willis Lady Jane ii. 9 Women given To the society of famous men.

1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) III. xi. 11 Others who were devoutly given knew well the sins of England.

1885 ‘F. Anstey’ Tinted Venus 121 To tell you the honest truth, I'm not given that way myself.

3. Granted as a basis of calculation, reasoning, etc.; definitely stated, fixed, specified.

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. i Vpon a right line geuen not beyng infinite, to describe an equilater triangle.

1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. ii. §20. 287 The Obliquity of the Ecliptic being given, to find by calculation, the Right Ascension and Declination of a given point in it.

1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters i. 66 No two agree in the quantity of water requisite to dissolve a given portion of any salt.

1807 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 590 The quantity of nitric acid of a given density necessary to saturate a given weight of the salt.

1840 D. Lardner Treat. Geom. 118 Since the given triangles are similar, the angles A and A′ are equal.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxiv. 175 A better means of accomplishing a given end.

1870 F. M. Müller Sci. Relig. (1873) 349 To determine whether a given religion may be considered as the work of one man.

B. n.

What is given; the known facts, situation, etc.

ΘΠ

society > communication > information > [noun] > the known facts

given1879

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > [noun] > that which is certain

certainty1330

suretyc1400

demonstrable1656

given1879

pipe1895

1879 W. James Coll. Ess. & Rev. (1920) 132 If the philosopher fails to find a satisfactory formula of exorcism for his datum, the only thing he can do is to..assume the Given as his necessary ultimate.

1883 F. H. Bradley Princ. Logic I. i. 32 There is no practical interest in anything but the given, and what does not interest is not anything at all.

1965 Case Conference Mar. 280/2 The past cannot be seen as a fixed ‘given’, its meaning is imposed upon it by the stand that we take in relation to it.

1970 E. Leach Lévi-Strauss iii. 45 ‘The English language’..from the point of view of any individual speaker..is a ‘given’, it is not something he creates for himself.

Compounds

With adverbs, as given-away, given-out, given-over.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. v. sig. Ll3^v She sawe Philoclea sitting lowe vpon a cushion, in such a giuen-ouer manner, that one would haue thought, silence, solitarinesse, and melancholie were come there..to [etc.].

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) iii. sig. Hh3 Is this the rewarde of thy giuen awaye [1621 giuen-way] libertye? Hath too much yeelding bred crueltye?

1795 H. Summersett Fate of Sedley I. 105 Lady Dorothy, whom I expected to have seen laid out in funeral pomp, received me in her chamber; and judge my surprise when I beheld this given over damsel, sitting with great composure.

1837 Knickerbocker Mag. 10 430 Why, his own party are the most violent, given-over, as it were, and low-lived people.

1868 C. Dickens in All Year Round 19 Dec. 63/2 It come to her through two hands... The second hand took the risk of the given-out work.

1920 J. M. Hunter Trail Drivers of Texas I. 211 The Indians had just as soon have these..given-out cattle as any.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2020).

单词	given
释义	givenadj.n. /ɡɪv(ə)n/ Forms: see give v. Used adjectively in senses of the verb. A. adj. 1. a. Bestowed as a gift. ΘΠ the mind > possession > giving > [adjective] > given givena1382 accorded1445 administered?1574 bestowed1667 gifted1671 granted1700 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Ecclus. xx. 10 Ther is ȝouen thing, that is not profitable; and ther is ȝoue thing, whos ȝelding is double. c1400 Rom. Rose 2380 But, in love, free yeven thing Requyrith a gret guerdoning. 1539 R. Taverner tr. Erasmus Prouerbes sig. G.i^v A gyuen horse..maye not be loked in the mouth. 1892 Daily News 10 Feb. 5/1 The millionaire, like the ordinary citizen..probably finds that given goods never prosper. b. given name n. the name given at baptism, the Christian name. ? Chiefly Scottish and U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun] > first name > Christian name christen namec1330 Christian name1542 font-name1652 given name1827 baptismal name1869 baptismal1872 1827 J. F. Cooper Red Rover I. 19 The youth, whose christian or ‘given’ name, as it is even now generally termed in New-England [etc.]. 1833 J. Neal Down-easters I. 59 Ah, but your chriss'n name; your given name? 1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) Given Name, the Christian name, or name that is given to a person, to distinguish it from the surname, which is not given, but inherited. Cobbett calls it a Scotticism. It was probably introduced by the Puritans instead of ‘Saint's name’, or ‘Christian name’. 1895 S. R. Crockett Men of Moss-hags i. 1 Maisie Lennox (for that was her proper given name) was my cousin. 1936 S.P.E. Tract (Soc. for Pure English) No. XLVII. 244 Thoughtful parents often provide Smith with a second surname, usually as his second ‘given’ name, as John Howard Smith. 1954 Manch. Guardian Weekly 11 Nov. 2 His given names recall the majesty of the great judge. 2. Used predicatively: Inclined, disposed, addicted, prone. Const. to. Also †well, piously, etc. given. ΘΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [adjective] > that does something habitually > given or addicted to something given1487 addict1530 addicted1546 apt?1550 prostitute1591 hooked (on)1925 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) iv. 735 Men, kyndly to Ill giffin. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 692 How Duncane was crovnit King of Scotland and was weill gevin. 1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxviii. 223 Those things that breede rhewmes, doe likewise breede the gowte in such as be giuen thereunto. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 118 What man is there well giuen and honestly minded, who [etc.]. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 285 The Chancellor, who was not given to those Excesses, would have excus'd himself. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 56. ⁋1 This ill Fortune makes most Men contemplative and given to Reading. 1747 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) XII. 93 I fear you are somewhat enthusiastically given. 1844 N. P. Willis Lady Jane ii. 9 Women given To the society of famous men. 1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) III. xi. 11 Others who were devoutly given knew well the sins of England. 1885 ‘F. Anstey’ Tinted Venus 121 To tell you the honest truth, I'm not given that way myself. 3. Granted as a basis of calculation, reasoning, etc.; definitely stated, fixed, specified. Π 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. i Vpon a right line geuen not beyng infinite, to describe an equilater triangle. 1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. ii. §20. 287 The Obliquity of the Ecliptic being given, to find by calculation, the Right Ascension and Declination of a given point in it. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters i. 66 No two agree in the quantity of water requisite to dissolve a given portion of any salt. 1807 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 590 The quantity of nitric acid of a given density necessary to saturate a given weight of the salt. 1840 D. Lardner Treat. Geom. 118 Since the given triangles are similar, the angles A and A′ are equal. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxiv. 175 A better means of accomplishing a given end. 1870 F. M. Müller Sci. Relig. (1873) 349 To determine whether a given religion may be considered as the work of one man. B. n. What is given; the known facts, situation, etc. ΘΠ society > communication > information > [noun] > the known facts given1879 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > [noun] > that which is certain certainty1330 suretyc1400 demonstrable1656 given1879 pipe1895 1879 W. James Coll. Ess. & Rev. (1920) 132 If the philosopher fails to find a satisfactory formula of exorcism for his datum, the only thing he can do is to..assume the Given as his necessary ultimate. 1883 F. H. Bradley Princ. Logic I. i. 32 There is no practical interest in anything but the given, and what does not interest is not anything at all. 1965 Case Conference Mar. 280/2 The past cannot be seen as a fixed ‘given’, its meaning is imposed upon it by the stand that we take in relation to it. 1970 E. Leach Lévi-Strauss iii. 45 ‘The English language’..from the point of view of any individual speaker..is a ‘given’, it is not something he creates for himself. Compounds With adverbs, as given-away, given-out, given-over. Π a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. v. sig. Ll3^v She sawe Philoclea sitting lowe vpon a cushion, in such a giuen-ouer manner, that one would haue thought, silence, solitarinesse, and melancholie were come there..to [etc.]. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1593) iii. sig. Hh3 Is this the rewarde of thy giuen awaye [1621 giuen-way] libertye? Hath too much yeelding bred crueltye? 1795 H. Summersett Fate of Sedley I. 105 Lady Dorothy, whom I expected to have seen laid out in funeral pomp, received me in her chamber; and judge my surprise when I beheld this given over damsel, sitting with great composure. 1837 Knickerbocker Mag. 10 430 Why, his own party are the most violent, given-over, as it were, and low-lived people. 1868 C. Dickens in All Year Round 19 Dec. 63/2 It come to her through two hands... The second hand took the risk of the given-out work. 1920 J. M. Hunter Trail Drivers of Texas I. 211 The Indians had just as soon have these..given-out cattle as any. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online June 2020). < adj.n.a1382
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