| 释义 |
ghostlyadj. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian gāstlik , Old Dutch gēstlīk (Middle Dutch geestelijc , Dutch geestelijk ), Old Saxon gēstlīk (Middle Low German geistlīk , gēstlīk ), Old High German geistlīh (Middle High German, German geistlich ) < the Germanic base of ghost n. + the Germanic base of -ly suffix1. Compare ghostly adv.In the context of Christian religion and philosophy, the Germanic words are often used for the concepts expressed by post-classical Latin spiritualis spiritual adj.; compare the discussion at ghost n. In most of these uses the word has now been superseded by spiritual adj. 1. society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [adjective] OE Ælfric Homily: De Duodecim Abusivis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 298 Ure wunung nis na her ac is on heofenum... Þyder we sceolan efstan of þissere earfoðnysse mid gastlicre blisse. c1175 (Burchfield transcript) 14398 Acc hemm wass wannt gastlic innsihht. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 14 Flesliche fondunge & gastliche baðe. c1330 (?c1300) (Auch.) (1898) l. 715 Gostli wit he haþ ilore. c1390 in C. Horstmann (1892) i. 48 (MED) Bote gostly fos [c1440 Thornton gastely Enemyse] greuen me. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng (Harl.) l. 1535 Also ys slaghter gostly To vse to speke vyleyny. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. (Lamb.) 191 (MED) A man shold loue the helth of his wif, bodely and gostely. 1585 T. Bilson ii. 263 The Ghostly worke is Gods, the bodilie seruice is the Priests. 1649 Bp. J. Taylor ii. Ep. Ded. I shall beg of God that your honour may receive..Ghostly Strength in the reading this booke. a1711 T. Ken Hymnotheo ix, in (1721) III. 281 The Word, of ghostly Life is boundless Source. 1877 J. Tyndall (1879) II. xiv. 362 How many disorders, ghostly and bodily, are transmitted to us by inheritance? 1933 H. Allen xxv. 357 All had gone well with Anthony in matters of this world. More than well. But Mr. Bonnyfeather was in doubt as to his ghostly state of mind. 1984 H. Bloom in 26 79 His ‘comfort’, at this point, should be the ghostly comfort that the duke has given, but Claudio speaks only in terms of life on earth. eOE (BL Add. 40165) 4 May (2013) 316 Ðas þrie dagas siendan monnes saule læcedom ond gastlic wyrtdrenc. c1175 (Burchfield transcript) 1492 & tu mihht ec gastlike laf Onn oþerr wise ȝarrkenn. c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham (1902) 36 (MED) Edbote hys dede after god conseyl Of gosslich medicine. a1425 (c1340) R. Rolle (Laud) (1884) xxv. 11 (MED) I am rych in gostly tresoure. 1548 H. Latimer sig. B.v So doeth the soule pyne awaye for default of gostly meate. 1688 J. Bunyan ix. 17 The Word's our ghostly Food. 1791 19 Thus like kind fathers, studious for our good, With lib'ral hands provide our ghostly food. 1879 Marquis of Bute tr. I. 770/2 As He had healed them that had need of healing, He fed their hunger with ghostly meat. 1976 5 14/2 What have they dared, sucking at man's wounds for wine, celebrating his flesh as food? Whose thirst has been slaked by his vampire liquor, whose hunger answered by his ghostly bread? society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > figure of speech > figures of meaning > [adjective] > allegorical OE Ælfric Homily: Sermo de Die Iudicii (Corpus Cambr. 178) in J. C. Pope (1968) II. 602 We habbað nu gesæd þis halige godspell anfealdum andgyte, and we eac willað þæt gastlice andgyt þurh God eow secgan. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Gal. iv. 24 The whiche thingis ben seid by allegorie [L. per allegoriam], or goostly vndirstondinge. c1450 ( Nightingale (Calig.) l. 16 in O. Glauning (1900) 2 (MED) Commandyng theym to here wyth tendernesse Of this your nightyngale the gostly sense. 1569 A. Golding tr. N. Hemmingsen (new ed.) To Rdr. sig. b.ij Many ceremonies were added, of which the ghostly meaning openeth the first promise, and setteth out the spirituall woorshipping of God. 1845 J. Lingard (ed. 3) II. xiii. 313 It may have a literal, but it has also a ‘ghostly’, a spiritual signification. society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [adjective] OE Homily: Larspell (Corpus Cambr. 419) in A. S. Napier (1883) 240 We wendon, þæt þu wære godfyrht and hæfdest gastlice gebæru beforan us, ac ðu hæfdest deofles geþanc æt þinre heortan. a1225 (c1200) (1888) 73 Ancer is swiðe gastlich lif. 1340 (1866) 7 Me ssel..yeue him more to gostliche workes and to godes seruise. a1425 (c1340) R. Rolle (Laud) (1884) cxxxvi. §9. 460 All fleschly men are enemys til gostly. 1481 W. Caxton tr. (1970) 46 Ye be of good condicions, and goostly of your lyuyng. 1582 T. Bentley et al. 654 To the intent we may hencefoorth liue a godlie and ghostlie life. 1609 J. Davies 25 (margin) The ioy of the Soule is incident to good and ghostly liuers onely. a1626 L. Andrewes (1629) v. 220 Make us a vacant time, of purpose, to entend devout and ghostly meditation thoroughly? 1876 tr. G. Cisneros viii. 31 The soul that would fain live a ghostly life must have fixed times for being by itself alone, and stated hours for prayer. 3. society > faith > aspects of faith > religion > a religion or church > [adjective] OE Ælfric (Julius) (1881) I. 94 He wearð þa fæder ofer fæla muneca, and Basilissa modor ofer manega mynecena; and hi þa gastlican werod under Gode gewyssodon on dæghwamlicre lare. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) Prol. l. 420 If the wolf com [emended in ed. to come] in the weie, Her gostly Staf is thanne aweie, Wherof thei scholde her flock defende. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 27837 Symoni, Als gastli thing to selle or byi. ?1529 sig. A vijv Refusynge any labour to do Because they are people gostely. 1597 R. Hooker v. lxii. 144 To settle our harts in the loue of our ghostly superiors. 1651 T. Hobbes ii. xxix. 171 And set up..a Ghostly Authority against the Civill. 1835 I. Taylor iii. 93 [The Hebrew religion] afforded fewer means of sustaining ghostly power than perhaps any other system ancient or modern. 1868 E. A. Freeman (1876) II. ix. 405 He laid aside his chrism and his rood, his ghostly weapons. 1963 L. Berns in L. Strauss & J. Cropsey 373 The doctrine of the division of civil, or temporal, power from spiritual, or ghostly, power. society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > [adjective] OE (1992) xiv. 239 Men ða leofestan, þis synt halige dagas & gastlice & ussum sawlum læcedomlice. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 11 Þet we maȝen on þisse gastliche daȝen ibeten ure sunne. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > [adjective] > spiritually related OE (1992) iii. 73 We sint ealle on þam fulluhte Godes bearn gehalgode, to þam þæt we sien gastlice gebroðor. OE Ælfric (Royal) (1997) viii. 243 Swa sceal eac se þe mid heafodleahtrum wiðinnan reoflig bið, cuman to godes sacerde & geopenian his digelnysse þam gastlican læce. c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 1015 in C. Horstmann (1887) 135 ‘Sire,’ he seide, ‘ore gostliche fader þov were here-bi-fore’. 1482 W. Caxton tr. vi. viii. f. cclxxxxjv Kyng Edredus bygan to be soore seke, & sente for his goostly fader [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. schriftfader] dunstan. 1536 R. Beerley Let. in W. B. Scoones (1880) 34 Wych no man may know but my gostly fader. 1597 W. Shakespeare iii. iii. 49 A ghostly Confessor. View more context for this quotation 1651 C. Cartwright i. 63 We ought to confesse our sinnes unto our Ghostly Father. 1712 J. Arbuthnot iv. Pref. sig. A3v When thou gavest ghostly Counsel to dying Felons. 1798 J. Ferriar v. 155 Her ghostly directors thought it very edifying to punish her contumacy, by refusing her the Sacrament. 1840 W. Irving Time of Unexampled Prosperity in Apr. 316 A ghostly instructor was soon found, ready to accomplish his conversion in the shortest possible time. 1871 G. Meredith II. iii. 33 We shall not be the worse for a ghostly adviser at hand. 1949 2 29/2 (note) His respect for Tao-an led him to bring the monk to his capital Ch'ang-an; where as ghostly advisor he tried vainly to dissuade Fu from the invasion of the South that destroyed his empire. the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > immateriality > [adjective] > spiritual or immaterial OE (Bodl. 340) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) Næs na þætte engles syn mid lichamlicum hræglum gegerede, oððe him þæs ænig þearf sy, forðan ðe hi ealle syndon gastlicre gecynde. c1300 (Laud) (1873) l. 297 And þat is i comen of þe gost, gostlich also it is. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 427 Mensked wit tuin maner o scaft, wald he be..wit angel þat es gastli, And with man þat es bodili. a1475 (Laud) (1998) I. l. 400 O God of gostely substaunce is. 1571 (new ed.) 405 The meate wee seeke for in this supper, is spiritual foode, the norishment of our soule a heauenly refection, and not earthly, an inuisible meate, and not bodylye, a ghostly substaunce, and not carnall. 1674 N. Fairfax 28 That ghostly being which enlivens the body of man. 1867 J. C. Martin ii. xiv. 222 It is said again that the presence is, ‘to use the language of one of our Homilies, not of a carnal, but of a ghostly substance’. 6. OE tr. (Cambr.) xxi. §1. 215 Þær wæs stefen and gastlic hream swa hlud swa þunres slege [L. uox ut tonitruum et spiritalis clamor]. OE Wærferð tr. Gregory (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iv. xl. 324 Full oft þa sawla, þe þonne gyt wuniað in heora lichaman, geseoð hwæthugu witelices be þam gastlicum wisum. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 18076 A gastli uoice criand ful fast. 1622 W. Dunbar Flyting (Reidpeth) l. 175 in J. Small (1893) II. 17 Thy ghaistly luke fleys folkis that pas the by. 1827 R. Pollok II. vii. 90 Thy ghostly shape [sc. figure of Death] Stood in his avenues of fairest hope. 1866 C. Kingsley I. xix. 361 Martin chuckled a ghostly laugh as he helped the ladder down. 1898 Sept. 252 In a few minutes he saw a ghostly figure steal out of the house. 1924 Mrs. W. Woodrow (1925) xlviii. 308 His voice sounded like a ghostly echo of his old strong tones. 1991 28 Dec. 7/3 The white-winged wood duck raises..an eerie, wailing, ghostly call at dusk. 2011 K. Lawrence 170 She looked so incredibly fragile, the ribbons of soft colour along her cheekbones only accentuating her ghostly pallor. the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > ghost or phantom > [adjective] > filled with spectres 1657 J. Harington (ed. 3) iii. 151 Are you not Ghosts then? shadowes? strait she cry'd. No Ghosts but men; soon answer'd they: Indeed (Sayd she again) that ghostly Vale, if Freed, I travers'd pass'd but now. 1730 J. Thomson Autumn in 149 The retreating horn Calls them to ghostly halls of grey renown. 1886 J. Ruskin II. v. 156 Ghostly ranges of incredible mountains. 1915 R. Thorndike xvii. 120 Over the gate leaped a dark form, agile and quick, that went bounding away through the ghostly churchyard. 2018 (Nexis) 17 Nov. 20 Their superbly atmospheric first album was themed around London, depicted as a ghostly place submerged by memories and floods. the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > ghost or phantom > [adjective] 1753 R. Gifford 14 The Infant-pratlers of the Farm.., list'ning thoughtful to the nightly Charm Of ghostly Tale, cling round their Mother's Knee. 1835 37 247/2 How finely, after these ghostly terrors, is the mind led back to cheerfulness and confidence by Horatio's observation on the crowing of the cock. 1893 27 Aug. 2/5 The death of the monkey put an end to the ghostly visitations, and the neighborhood is again at rest. 1925 F. Hume 133 I am down here on behalf of a client, who is interested in these ghostly happenings. 1996 F. Chappell (1997) 136 I heard tell you used to like ghostly stories. Have you got tired out with them? 2015 (Nexis) 20 June 33 Roger also thinks he has seen the ghost of a beautiful girl on her own in the dress circle—other ghostly goings-on at the theatre have mainly been men. Phrasesthe world > the supernatural > deity > a devil > the Devil or Satan > [noun] > as enemy or fiend OE Ælfric tr. Basil 36 Þu habban scealt þa gastlican wæpna ongean þone gastlican feond. 1447 O. Bokenham (Arun.) (1938) l. 299 (MED) As for the cardyacle, that tentacyoun Betoknyth..Of oure gostly enmye. a1529 J. Skelton (?1530) sig. Giiiv Remedy pryncypall Agaynst all sautes of your goostly foo. 1603 Catechism in N 7 That hee will keepe vs..from our ghostly enemy. 1646 R. Crashaw 74 Against the ghostly foe to take your part. 1702 J. Sergeant iv. 55 Of both which our Ghostly Enemy makes use to debauch us from the Duty we owe to our dear God. 1858 W. M. Thackeray I. xv. 114 As for Parson Sampson, I defy our ghostly enemy to get the better of him. 1890 O. J. Reichel lv. 143 Unction was accordingly resorted to to fortify the receiver against any special attack of the ghostly foe. 1924 14 Mar. 5/4 Though spiritual weapons may suffice to combat our ghostly enemy, physical force is generally required to deal adequately with his human agents. 2019 (Nexis) 16 Sept. We are striking back against our ghostly foe and reclaiming a little piece of the world for the holy love of God? Compounds1803 C. Fothergill I. i. i. 14 The old woman conducted us into an oak-wainscoted parlour, on the right of this ghostly-looking hall. 1881 9 Apr. 235/2 The ghostly-sounding voice pronouncing the ominous words of doom. 1888 R. Kipling (1889) 52 The dust-white, ghostly-looking men and women. 2007 Mar. 102/3 There are wonderful sonorities from drums played with stones, ghostly-sounding bowed waterphones, ceramic jars, and a giant bronze bell. 2019 (Nexis) 14 Feb. 19 Our two native birches are not as ghostly-looking. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022). ghostlyadv. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Dutch geestelike , Old Saxon gēstlīko (Middle Low German geistlīke , gēstlīke ), Old High German geistlīhho (Middle High German geistlīchen ) < the Germanic base of ghost n. + the Germanic base of -ly suffix2. Compare ghostly adj. With sense 2 compare earlier ghost-like adv. and ghostishly adv.In the context of Christian religion and philosophy (see sense 1), the Germanic words are often used for the concepts expressed by post-classical Latin spiritualiter (see spiritually adv.); compare the discussion at ghost n. In these uses, the word was superseded by spiritually adv. in the late medieval and early modern periods. Now rare. †1. society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [adverb] the world > existence and causation > existence > materiality > immateriality > [adverb] > spiritually OE 57 Seo saul, gif heo ne bið mid Godes worde feded gastlice, hungre & þurste heo bið cwelmed. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris (1873) 2nd Ser. 41 Ðus agen alle gode herdes to wakegen gostliche. 1340 (1866) 146 We libbeþ alle of one goste gostliche. c1390 (?c1350) (1871) l. 135 (MED) He was gostliche of Fader and fleschliche of Moder. a1438 (1940) i. 182 (MED) Gostly haue I don wyth þe & wyth oþer chosyn sowlys. c1449 R. Pecock (1860) 561 Ech man schal fare weel goostli oonli bi hise owne gode deedis. 1508 J. Fisher Prol. sig. aav The gloryous Trynyte..preserue ghostly & bodyly my foresayd lady. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus I. Mark vi. 43 We maye lyue ghostlie in heauen. a1631 J. Donne (1955) II. 354 The sword of the Lord..cuts bodily, and it cuts ghostly. 1642 D. Rogers 438 Of Naaman both bodily and ghostly. society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > [adverb] > in a spiritual sense society > faith > aspects of faith > Bible, Scripture > text > criticism, interpretation > [adverb] > mystical OE Ælfric (Cambr. Gg.3.28) xv. 151 Cristene men ne moton healdan nu ða ealdan æ lichamlice, ac him gedafenað þæt hi cunnon hwæt heo gastlice getacnige. c1275 Kentish Serm. in J. Hall (1920) I. 215 Nu i hiereth wet signefieth þet Gold, þet Stor, þet Mirre. And offre we Gostliche to ure lorde þet i offrede flesliche. 1340 (1866) 95 Alsuo deþ gostliche to þe herte þe greate gardyner. J. Gaytryge (York Min.) (1901) l. 455 (MED) Dedli synnes..gastely sla ilk mannes saule. ?a1425 (c1400) (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 88 Þei vndirstonde not the lettre gostly but bodyly. a1500 (?a1450) (Harl. 7333) (1879) 18 (MED) And for to spekyn gostely, a man is ofte tymys blind thorȝ dedly synne. society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > [adverb] eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory (Hatton) (1871) x. 61 Ðon[e] monn scyle..to bisscephade teon, ðe..gæstlice liofað, & ðisses middangeardes orsorgnesse ne gimð. c1175 (Burchfield transcript) l. 985 Hu cristess þeoww birrþ lakenn crist. Gastlike i gode þæwess. a1225 (?OE) MS Lamb. in R. Morris (1868) 1st Ser. 7 Þa wise witega þe beoð nu ouer þe halie chirche and libbed gastliche heore lif. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng (Harl.) l. 983 (MED) Swyche men halewe nat gostly [Fr. Espiritalment], þat on þe halyday leuyn no foly. a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng (Harl.) l. 2372 (MED) But ȝyf þat þou mayst hyt felle, hyt ys robbery, gostly to telle. a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) v. l. 1030 The morwe com, and gostly for to speke, This Diomede is come vn-to Criseyde. a1500 (a1425) (1953) l. 172 (MED) Wyth ympies this hermett that was tryed, Gastly god he gloryfyed. the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > ghost or phantom > [adverb] 1781 30 Apr. 5 The wand'rng Shadows ghostly pale, All troop to their infernal Jail, Each fetter'd Ghost slips to his sev'ral Grave. 1810 W. Scott iv. 160 Like wind in the porch of a ruined church, His voice was ghostly shrill. 1827 R. Pollok I. iii. 108 Meagre all, and ghostly thin. 1910 ‘M. Vernon’ xi. 141 The shadows moving ghostly through the corridors and halls begin to take recognizable forms. 2016 C. E. Morgan ii. 176 A series of yellowed shots of a coal train passing by the photographer, the images shaky and ghostly blurred. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  adj.eOE adv.eOE |
