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单词 geographical
释义

geographicaladj.

Brit. /ˌdʒiːəˈɡrafᵻkl/, /dʒɪəˈɡrafᵻkl/, U.S. /ˌdʒiəˈɡræfək(ə)l/
Forms: 1500s–1600s geographicall, 1500s– geographical, 1600s geografical, 1600s geograficall, 1600s geographichall.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin geographicus , -al suffix1.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin geographicus geographic adj. + -al suffix1. Compare later geographic adj. and the foreign-language parallels cited at that entry.In geographical tongue (see sense 3) after German Landkartenzunge (1881 or earlier) or its apparent model scientific Latin lingua geographica (1838 or earlier in a German context); compare French langue géographique (1882 or earlier in a medical context).
1. Of or relating to geography; of the nature of geography. Also: considered or defined in relation to a particular place, area, or region.Frequently as the second element in compounds, as dialect-, linguistic-, word-geographical, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > [adjective]
geographical1555
cosmical1582
geographic1603
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 126v For they haue nowe drawne the Geographicall description therof in cardes.
1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 138 A greate Circle, and devide it into 360 partes, as your Geographicall plaine Sphere is.
1585 J. Blagrave Math. Iewel 33 The distinction of the Geographicall parallels.
1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. Ded. Vouchsafe therefore..to accept of this Geographicall Historie.
1674 tr. P. M. de la Martinière New Voy. Northern Countries 151 There having fallen into my hands several Geografical Charts.
1768 J. Boswell Acct. Corsica (ed. 2) Introd. 9 A Geographical and Physical description of the island.
1839 R. I. Murchison Silurian Syst. p. xxxi We have no precise definition of the geographical limits of the Silurian kingdom.
1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. vii. 90 Andy looked up innocently at Sam, surprised at hearing this new geographical fact.
1904 Expositor Oct. 243 A ‘Province’ to the Roman mind meant literally a ‘sphere of duty’, and was an administrative, not a geographical fact.
1926 Travel Nov. 39/2 Florida's greatest asset is her geographical position. To the north more than sixty millions of people are to be found within a radius of thirty hours' travel.
1975 A. Trew Zhukov Briefing i. 11 Back-up systems showed the exact geographical position of the submarine.
2005 Guardian 23 Nov. (Epublic section) 2/4 The Ordnance Survey holds addresses as part of its MasterMap geographical database of Britain.
2. Of playing cards: featuring cartographic or ethnological images or information. Now chiefly historical.
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1649 in J. Gregory Posthuma 330 (heading) Geographical playing-cards.
1741 A. Collins Eng. Baronetage IV. 222 This Sir Peter [Wyche], first invented the geographical cards, in 52 copper-plates.
1823 D. T. Jewett Guide to National Improvem. ii. i. 96 Geographical cards, by the charm of their use in playing, may rivet their geographical contents to the memory.
1865 E. S. Taylor et al. Hist. of Playing Cards i. xi. 213 Quaritch has a German Geographical pack... Each card has a coloured map of one of the countries of Europe.
1912 M. K. van Rensselaer Prophetical, Educ. & Playing Cards xiv. 298 Some cards depicting the history of France were designed by the artist Desmarits, who, finding that they were received with favour, followed them with a geographical set.
2009 Times (Nexis) 14 Aug. (Features section) 61 Morden was working as bookseller, instrument and globe maker and cartographer between 1668 and 1703, and is best regarded for sets of geographical playing cards.
3. Having or characterized by surface markings or a texture that gives the appearance of a map. Now chiefly Medicine, esp. in geographical tongue.
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1876 Schermerhorn's Monthly Jan. 6 The good God made those lines, which look so much like a map, on the turtle's back, and it has its name from them. It is called the geographical turtle.
1885 A. Brassey In Trades 145 One variety..is called the ‘geographical tree’, or sometimes the ‘picture-tree’, because it is said to be always possible to be able to trace in imagination a map or a picture upon the surface of each leaf.
1950 Sci. Monthly Feb. 87/2 The tongue presents a desquamation of the superficial epithelium, giving the appearance of the geographical tongue.
1994 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 28 Aug. 106/4 I have had a cyclical ulcerated tongue which has been diagnosed as ‘non specific geographical tongue’.
2008 P. Rajiah & A. Shabani Paediatric Radiol. 314 On X-rays, enchondromas are seen as oval or round areas of geographical destruction with a lobulated contour.

Compounds

geographical information system n. = geographic information system n. at geographic adj. Compounds.
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1969 Geogr. Rev. 59 433 Investigations have been started into the problems of computer-based geographical information systems for storage and retrieval.
2010 Wales on Sunday (Nexis) 14 Mar. 40 Most of the work involves use of technology, including graphic design, geographical information systems (GIS) and mapping software.
geographical latitude n. = geographic latitude n. at geographic adj. Compounds.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > geodetic references > [noun] > latitude
parallela1544
sublevation1556
height1585
latitude1622
degree1647
elevation1686
geographical latitude1712
geographic latitude1750
1712 E. Wells Young Gentleman's Astron., Chronol., & Dialling x. 128 The Distance of any Point on the Earth from the Equator is Geographical Latitude.
1826 tr. C. Malte-Brun Universal Geogr. V. lxxxiii. 266 The geographical latitude..exerts infinitely less influence over the fertility and productions of these beautiful countries than the elevation of the soil.
1880 Naval Encycl. 427 This is the geographical latitude as found by astronomical observations, and if the earth were a sphere would coincide with the geocentric or true latitude.
1918 R. S. Woodward Smithsonian Geogr. Tables xliv Three different latitudes are used in geodesy, namely: (1) Astronomical or geographical latitude; (2) geocentric latitude; (3) reduced latitude.
2006 D. Benn in P. G. Knight Glacier Sci. & Environmental Change v. lxxii. 438/2 The early Earth may have had a non-dipole magnetic field, which would invalidate the assumption that low magnetic inclination implies low geographical latitude.
geographical mile n. a unit equal to one minute of longitude or latitude at the equator (approx. 1850 metres); (also) a nautical mile.
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1700 I. Newton MS 27 Feb. in Corr. (1967) IV. 326 A geographical mile I call ye sixtith part of a degree of a great circle upon the earth & these miles upon ye body of the Moon in her mean distance from us answer to seconds.
1796 C. Hutton Math. & Philos. Dict. I. 530 Geographical Mile, which is the sea-mile or minute.
1885 Sc. Geogr. Mag. 1 14 It expands again at Stanley Pool, which is eighteen geographical miles in length by fourteen miles greatest width.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 338/1 This proclamation covered the coast-line from the north bank of the Orange river to 26° S. latitude, and 20 geographical miles inland.
2009 B. Hubbard Amer. Boundaries iv. 111 If a state spanned 2 degrees of latitude, north to south, then there would be by definition precisely 120 geographical miles between its borders.
geographical table [after post-classical Latin tabula geographica (1532 or earlier)] a table giving latitudes and longitudes of places, or other geographical information; cf. chorographical table at chronographical adj..
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a1628 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated (1635) i. ix. 208 The Zone wherein any place is seated may bee knowne either by the Globe or Geographicall Table, or else by the Tables of Latitude.
1654 tr. M. Martini Bellum Tartaricum A iij b I thought it good to prefix a little Geographical table of the Countries, and chief Cities.
1686 Philos. Trans. 1685 (Royal Soc.) 15 1297 I find in Nassir Eddin the Latitude of Byzantium..to be 45 degrees... Albufeda cheifly [sic] follows four Principall Authors as his Guides, in the compiling of his Geographical Tables.
1754 J. Robertson Elements Navigation II. 4 Seek in the Geographical Table..for the latitudes and longitudes of the places contained within the proposed limits.
1794 J. Moon (title) A new geographical table, shewing the position of places by the view of the sun only.
1831 Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 1 208 If these islands exist, they must be in some other parallel than that assigned to them in the American ‘Geographical Table’ for 1825.
1973 Population Stud. 27 279 A perusal of the columns of our geographical tables, parish by parish certainly gives some measure of support.
2001 Jrnl. Amer. Oriental Soc. 121 513/2 He has also succeeded in locating the source for the geographical data in a gazetteer in an eighteenth-century copy of a geographical table.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.1555
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