geodesicadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌdʒiːə(ʊ)ˈdɛsɪk/,

/ˌdʒiːə(ʊ)ˈdiːsɪk/,

/ˌdʒiːə(ʊ)ˈdiːzɪk/,

/dʒɪəˈdɛsɪk/,

/dʒɪəˈdiːsɪk/,

/dʒɪəˈdiːzɪk/, U.S.

/ˌdʒioʊˈdɛsɪk/

Forms:

α. 1700s– geodesic, 1800s geodoesic, 1800s– geodaesic (now rare).

β. 1800s– geodosic.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: geodesy n., -ic suffix.

Etymology: < geodesy n. + -ic suffix. In sense A. 3 after French géodésique (1799 in this sense, in ligne géodésique : P.-S. de Laplace Traité de mécanique céleste II. i. iii. v. 112; 1584 in Middle French in sense A. 2). Compare later geodesical adj., geodetic adj.With the β. forms compare δ. forms at geodesy n.

A. adj.

†1. Of or relating to earth as one of the four elements of ancient and medieval philosophy. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1793 Anthologia Hibernica Nov. 368 A distinction must therefore be made, between the principles and elements... The elements we shall consider under the terms pyrotic, pneumatic, hydrotic and geodesic.

2. Of or relating to geodesy; = geodetic adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > [adjective] > measurement

geodetical1610

geodesical1802

geodesic1803

geodetic1807

1803 Philos. Mag. 15 212 The first number of a topographical and military memorial..has been published for November 1802. It contains..a treatise on geodesic operations.

1853 T. Ross tr. A. von Humboldt Personal Narr. Trav. Amer. III. xxxii. 298 The combined means of barometric and geodesic measurements.

1900 H. M. Wilson Topogr. Surv. xvi. 326 A prime requisite in geodesic leveling is that the distance between the rod and the instrument must be exactly known.

1988 H. A. Klein Sci. Measurem. ix. 108 The crude geodesic measurements available to Mouton indicated a greater length for this 1 minute of arc.

2005 P. C. Perdue China marches West xvi. 550 These reforms included..the comprehensive mapping of the empire contracted to the Jesuits, using new geodesic technology from Europe.

3. Geometry. Designating a line on the surface of a sphere or other surface which traces the shortest possible distance on the surface between two given points; (more generally) a line on a surface that locally minimizes the distance between its end-points. Also: of or relating to such lines. Frequently in geodesic curve, geodesic line. Cf. geodetic adj. 2.Originally with reference to the surface of the earth. A geodesic line on a sphere is a great circle. In relativity theory a geodesic is the path in space-time that a particle follows when it is not acted on by an external force.

ΚΠ

1809 Philos. Mag. 34 255 The geodesic line is a curve whose first side is a tangent in any given direction to the surface of the earth.

1837 Math. Probl. Senate-House Exam. Papers xvi. 227 State the theorem by which the computation of a triangle on the terrestrial sphere is reduced to that of a plane triangle having sides of the same length, and apply it to solve a geodesic triangle where two sides and the included angle are given.

1862 London Univ. Cal. p. cxciv A geodesic curve is drawn on a surface of revolution, and this curve is projected on a plane perpendicular to the axis and cutting the axis in the point O.

1898 Proc. London Math. Soc. 29 275 (title) The geodesic geometry of surfaces in non-Euclidean space.

1907 M. Merriman Elem. Precise Surv. & Geodesy (ed. 2) vii. 175 On a sphere the two normal sections and the alignment and geodesic curves between A and B coincide in an arc of a great circle.

1935 Geogr. Jrnl. 85 466 The equation of the orthodrome (geodesic line).

1972 M. Kline Math. Thought xxxvii. 886 Two points on the same generator of a circular cylinder are connected by a geodesic along the generator but also by an infinite number of geodesic helices.

2001 G. Cole in P. Moore 2002 Yearbk. Astron. ii. 194 The path of a test mass in the presence of a gravitational field is represented by a special path (a geodesic path) in the chosen geometry.

2002 K. Heusch tr. H. Fritzsch Curvature of Spacetime x. 133 The straight world-lines of objects moving freely in two-dimensional spacetime are, as we see, the geodesic lines in spacetime.

4. Engineering. Designating a construction technique, structure, etc., which uses load-bearing members shaped to follow the geodesic lines of a sphere and typically forming an open framework of triangles and polygons. Also in extended use. See also geodesic dome n. at Compounds, and cf. earlier geodetic adj. 3.

ΚΠ

1952 R. B. Fuller in Perspecta 1 30/1 The new structure has been named geodesic structure because of its employment of great circle geometry.

1968 Listener 26 Sept. 394/1 He [sc. Fuller] developed the geodesic principle with countless experimental structures.

1974 U. K. Le Guin Dispossessed (1975) iii. 69 Surreal in the orange, violet, and yellow light within the vast geodesic hangar.

1987 Great Outdoors Mar. 6/2 (advt.) Geodesic design strength in ripstop Nylon with a ground-hugging profile and an aerodynamic shape.

1992 Byte Feb. 13/1 They..called it buckminsterfullerene and named the whole family of related geodesic structures fullerenes.

2006 G. Buzsáki Rhythms of Brain ii. 42 His solution was an astonishingly simple but robust and scalable geodesic design, in fact, nothing more than a series of contiguous triangles or hexagons on a spherical surface.

B. n.

1. Geometry. A geodesic line (cf. sense A. 3).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [noun] > over circle or sphere

diameter1387

dimetient?a1560

beam1570

dimetient line1601

radiusa1657

diametral1658

ray1690

geodetic1850

geodesic1856

1856 M. Brady Rep. Queen's Univ. Ireland 24 in Accts. & Papers (House of Commons) (1857) XV. Hence show that the general equation of such a geodesic, in finite terms, is [etc.].

1904 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 5 56 Such a system of geodesics together with the orthogonal trajectories may be regarded as dividing the surface into infinitesimal squares.

1960 R. W. Marks Dymaxion World Buckminster Fuller 58/1 In modern geometry, as we have seen, any arc of a great circle is called a ‘geodesic’.

1989 R. Penrose Emperor's New Mind (1991) v. 206 Two neighbouring geodesics which start off parallel to one another will, if we follow them along, begin to bend towards each other.

2005 M. Lockwood Labyrinth of Time (2007) iv. 77 As mathematicians use the term, applying it to different types of manifold, a geodesic is defined as an extremal curve, with respect to the points lying on it.

2. A geodesic dome or structure. Usually in plural.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > dome or cupola

tipe1532

cupola1549

thole1633

dome1656

tholosc1660

imperial1826

onion dome1868

domelet1883

geodesic dome1952

geodetic dome1957

geodesic1977

1977 Time 14 Mar. 39/1 Woods..manufactures hardware for geodesics in Phoenix, and lives with his family in three connected domes.

1994 Camping Mag. Jan. 17/3 It [sc. a tent] has a build quality and solidity that I'd previously associated only with geodesics such as Wild Country's Quasar.

2007 C. Stross Halting State (2008) 44 The garden is overgrown with Foster Associates geodesics, the roof is covered in solar tiles.

Compounds

geodesic dome n. a dome built according to the principles of geodesic construction (cf. sense A. 4).The term and the concept of the dome originated with the U.S. architect R. Buckminster Fuller (1895–1983), though the concept of geodesic construction already existed (cf. geodetic construction n. at geodetic n. and adj. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > dome or cupola

tipe1532

cupola1549

thole1633

dome1656

tholosc1660

imperial1826

onion dome1868

domelet1883

geodesic dome1952

geodetic dome1957

geodesic1977

1952 R. B. Fuller in Perspecta 1 30/1 (heading) The geodesic dome.

1959 Times 20 Mar. 3/5 The geodesic dome combines the structural advantages of the sphere (which encloses the most space within the least surface, and is strongest against internal pressure) with those of the tetrahedron (which encloses least space with most surface and has the greatest stiffness against external pressure).

1970 K. Vonnegut Slaughterhouse 5 v. 96 He was forty-four years old, on display under a geodesic dome.

1983 S. Rushdie Shame x. 204 The geodesic dome of the Friday Mosque had already begun to crack.

2002 A. Davies Frog King 109 I do not want to beekeep..or grow hydroponic cabbage in a neokibbutz colony of envirofriendly geodesic domes.

Derivatives

geoˈdesically adv.

ΚΠ

1818 Ann. Philos. 12 366 Let me then request zealous observers employed in elevated situations, geodesically connected, to collect the data requisite for the solution of this interesting problem.

1940 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 48 367 If the central conics of a series are geodesically parallel, but are not circles, either they are the right sections of a quadratic cylinder or [etc.]

2004 C. C. Gillespie Sci. & Polity in France ii. iii. 113 Thus originated the idea of a scientific metric system, in which units of ordinary measurement would be related to a geodesically determined magnitude.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	geodesic
释义	geodesicadj.n. Brit. /ˌdʒiːə(ʊ)ˈdɛsɪk/, /ˌdʒiːə(ʊ)ˈdiːsɪk/, /ˌdʒiːə(ʊ)ˈdiːzɪk/, /dʒɪəˈdɛsɪk/, /dʒɪəˈdiːsɪk/, /dʒɪəˈdiːzɪk/, U.S. /ˌdʒioʊˈdɛsɪk/ Forms: α. 1700s– geodesic, 1800s geodoesic, 1800s– geodaesic (now rare). β. 1800s– geodosic. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: geodesy n., -ic suffix. Etymology: < geodesy n. + -ic suffix. In sense A. 3 after French géodésique (1799 in this sense, in ligne géodésique : P.-S. de Laplace Traité de mécanique céleste II. i. iii. v. 112; 1584 in Middle French in sense A. 2). Compare later geodesical adj., geodetic adj.With the β. forms compare δ. forms at geodesy n. A. adj. †1. Of or relating to earth as one of the four elements of ancient and medieval philosophy. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1793 Anthologia Hibernica Nov. 368 A distinction must therefore be made, between the principles and elements... The elements we shall consider under the terms pyrotic, pneumatic, hydrotic and geodesic. 2. Of or relating to geodesy; = geodetic adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > [adjective] > measurement geodetical1610 geodesical1802 geodesic1803 geodetic1807 1803 Philos. Mag. 15 212 The first number of a topographical and military memorial..has been published for November 1802. It contains..a treatise on geodesic operations. 1853 T. Ross tr. A. von Humboldt Personal Narr. Trav. Amer. III. xxxii. 298 The combined means of barometric and geodesic measurements. 1900 H. M. Wilson Topogr. Surv. xvi. 326 A prime requisite in geodesic leveling is that the distance between the rod and the instrument must be exactly known. 1988 H. A. Klein Sci. Measurem. ix. 108 The crude geodesic measurements available to Mouton indicated a greater length for this 1 minute of arc. 2005 P. C. Perdue China marches West xvi. 550 These reforms included..the comprehensive mapping of the empire contracted to the Jesuits, using new geodesic technology from Europe. 3. Geometry. Designating a line on the surface of a sphere or other surface which traces the shortest possible distance on the surface between two given points; (more generally) a line on a surface that locally minimizes the distance between its end-points. Also: of or relating to such lines. Frequently in geodesic curve, geodesic line. Cf. geodetic adj. 2.Originally with reference to the surface of the earth. A geodesic line on a sphere is a great circle. In relativity theory a geodesic is the path in space-time that a particle follows when it is not acted on by an external force. ΚΠ 1809 Philos. Mag. 34 255 The geodesic line is a curve whose first side is a tangent in any given direction to the surface of the earth. 1837 Math. Probl. Senate-House Exam. Papers xvi. 227 State the theorem by which the computation of a triangle on the terrestrial sphere is reduced to that of a plane triangle having sides of the same length, and apply it to solve a geodesic triangle where two sides and the included angle are given. 1862 London Univ. Cal. p. cxciv A geodesic curve is drawn on a surface of revolution, and this curve is projected on a plane perpendicular to the axis and cutting the axis in the point O. 1898 Proc. London Math. Soc. 29 275 (title) The geodesic geometry of surfaces in non-Euclidean space. 1907 M. Merriman Elem. Precise Surv. & Geodesy (ed. 2) vii. 175 On a sphere the two normal sections and the alignment and geodesic curves between A and B coincide in an arc of a great circle. 1935 Geogr. Jrnl. 85 466 The equation of the orthodrome (geodesic line). 1972 M. Kline Math. Thought xxxvii. 886 Two points on the same generator of a circular cylinder are connected by a geodesic along the generator but also by an infinite number of geodesic helices. 2001 G. Cole in P. Moore 2002 Yearbk. Astron. ii. 194 The path of a test mass in the presence of a gravitational field is represented by a special path (a geodesic path) in the chosen geometry. 2002 K. Heusch tr. H. Fritzsch Curvature of Spacetime x. 133 The straight world-lines of objects moving freely in two-dimensional spacetime are, as we see, the geodesic lines in spacetime. 4. Engineering. Designating a construction technique, structure, etc., which uses load-bearing members shaped to follow the geodesic lines of a sphere and typically forming an open framework of triangles and polygons. Also in extended use. See also geodesic dome n. at Compounds, and cf. earlier geodetic adj. 3. ΚΠ 1952 R. B. Fuller in Perspecta 1 30/1 The new structure has been named geodesic structure because of its employment of great circle geometry. 1968 Listener 26 Sept. 394/1 He [sc. Fuller] developed the geodesic principle with countless experimental structures. 1974 U. K. Le Guin Dispossessed (1975) iii. 69 Surreal in the orange, violet, and yellow light within the vast geodesic hangar. 1987 Great Outdoors Mar. 6/2 (advt.) Geodesic design strength in ripstop Nylon with a ground-hugging profile and an aerodynamic shape. 1992 Byte Feb. 13/1 They..called it buckminsterfullerene and named the whole family of related geodesic structures fullerenes. 2006 G. Buzsáki Rhythms of Brain ii. 42 His solution was an astonishingly simple but robust and scalable geodesic design, in fact, nothing more than a series of contiguous triangles or hexagons on a spherical surface. B. n. 1. Geometry. A geodesic line (cf. sense A. 3). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [noun] > over circle or sphere diameter1387 dimetient?a1560 beam1570 dimetient line1601 radiusa1657 diametral1658 ray1690 geodetic1850 geodesic1856 1856 M. Brady Rep. Queen's Univ. Ireland 24 in Accts. & Papers (House of Commons) (1857) XV. Hence show that the general equation of such a geodesic, in finite terms, is [etc.]. 1904 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 5 56 Such a system of geodesics together with the orthogonal trajectories may be regarded as dividing the surface into infinitesimal squares. 1960 R. W. Marks Dymaxion World Buckminster Fuller 58/1 In modern geometry, as we have seen, any arc of a great circle is called a ‘geodesic’. 1989 R. Penrose Emperor's New Mind (1991) v. 206 Two neighbouring geodesics which start off parallel to one another will, if we follow them along, begin to bend towards each other. 2005 M. Lockwood Labyrinth of Time (2007) iv. 77 As mathematicians use the term, applying it to different types of manifold, a geodesic is defined as an extremal curve, with respect to the points lying on it. 2. A geodesic dome or structure. Usually in plural. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > dome or cupola tipe1532 cupola1549 thole1633 dome1656 tholosc1660 imperial1826 onion dome1868 domelet1883 geodesic dome1952 geodetic dome1957 geodesic1977 1977 Time 14 Mar. 39/1 Woods..manufactures hardware for geodesics in Phoenix, and lives with his family in three connected domes. 1994 Camping Mag. Jan. 17/3 It [sc. a tent] has a build quality and solidity that I'd previously associated only with geodesics such as Wild Country's Quasar. 2007 C. Stross Halting State (2008) 44 The garden is overgrown with Foster Associates geodesics, the roof is covered in solar tiles. Compounds geodesic dome n. a dome built according to the principles of geodesic construction (cf. sense A. 4).The term and the concept of the dome originated with the U.S. architect R. Buckminster Fuller (1895–1983), though the concept of geodesic construction already existed (cf. geodetic construction n. at geodetic n. and adj. Compounds. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > dome or cupola tipe1532 cupola1549 thole1633 dome1656 tholosc1660 imperial1826 onion dome1868 domelet1883 geodesic dome1952 geodetic dome1957 geodesic1977 1952 R. B. Fuller in Perspecta 1 30/1 (heading) The geodesic dome. 1959 Times 20 Mar. 3/5 The geodesic dome combines the structural advantages of the sphere (which encloses the most space within the least surface, and is strongest against internal pressure) with those of the tetrahedron (which encloses least space with most surface and has the greatest stiffness against external pressure). 1970 K. Vonnegut Slaughterhouse 5 v. 96 He was forty-four years old, on display under a geodesic dome. 1983 S. Rushdie Shame x. 204 The geodesic dome of the Friday Mosque had already begun to crack. 2002 A. Davies Frog King 109 I do not want to beekeep..or grow hydroponic cabbage in a neokibbutz colony of envirofriendly geodesic domes. Derivatives geoˈdesically adv. ΚΠ 1818 Ann. Philos. 12 366 Let me then request zealous observers employed in elevated situations, geodesically connected, to collect the data requisite for the solution of this interesting problem. 1940 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 48 367 If the central conics of a series are geodesically parallel, but are not circles, either they are the right sections of a quadratic cylinder or [etc.] 2004 C. C. Gillespie Sci. & Polity in France ii. iii. 113 Thus originated the idea of a scientific metric system, in which units of ordinary measurement would be related to a geodesically determined magnitude. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1793
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