genusn.

Brit.

/ˈdʒiːnəs/, U.S.

/ˈdʒinəs/

Forms: Plural genera

/ˈdʒɛnərə/. Also 1600s–1700s genuses, 1600s genus's.

Etymology: < Latin genus, -eris, birth, race, stock, kind, genus = Greek γένος , -εος (same meanings), Sanskrit jánas , < Aryan root *gen- to beget, produce, be born: see kin n.¹

1. Logic. A class or kind of things which includes a number of subordinate kinds (called species n.) as sharing in certain common attributes; a general concept. (One of the five predicables (predicable n. 1).)Each species is distinguished from all the others in the genus by the possession of some peculiar attribute or group of attributes, called its ‘specific difference’ or differentia n. highest genus (Latin summum genus), one which does not become subordinated as species to a higher genus; subaltern genus: see first element.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical classification > [noun] > a division, group, or class

general?a1425

genus1551

species1551

category1588

class1823

subcategory1842

tetrachotomya1856

1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Bv Genus is a general word, the which is spoken of many that differ in their kind... Or els thus. Genus, is a general worde, vnder the whiche diuers kindes or sortes of things are comprehended.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. D3^v Tell mee if you haue not a more familiar insight into anger, then finding in the Schoolemen his Genus and difference.

1586 E. Hoby tr. M. Coignet Polit. Disc. Trueth Ep. ⁋iij b In the first, all vertues handled, the trueth, as it were genus vnto them..in the other, is intreated of all kinde of vices, and lying accounted as genus thereunto.

1616 T. Gainsford Rich Cabinet f. 135 Souldier is a name of that honour, that it is the genus of vallure and valiant men.

1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xiv. 118 Rarity and Density..can not change the common nature of Quantity, that is their Genus: which by being so to them, must be vniuocally in them both.

1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. vii. §1. 109 We have already spoken of a City by institution in its Genus; we will now say some~what of its species.

1654 Bp. J. Taylor Real Presence 222 Substance is the highest Genus in that Category.

1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 22 I shall first lay down a Scheme or Analysis of all the Genus's or more common heads of things belonging to this design; and then shew how each of these may be subdivided by its peculiar Differences.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. iii. 192 This may shew us the reason, why, in the defining of Words..we make use of the Genus, or next general Word that comprehends it.

1725 I. Watts Logick iii. iii. §3 So substance is the remote genus of bird or beast; because it agrees not only to all kinds of animals, but also to things inanimate..But animal is the proximate or nearest genus of bird, because it agrees to fewest other things.

1826 R. Whately Elements Logic Index Genus, a Predicable which is considered as the material part of the Species of which it is affirmed.

1851 H. L. Mansel Prolegomena Logica vi. 183 The Highest Genus in any special science is the general class, comprehending all the objects whose properties that science investigates..In Geometry, for example, under the summum genus of magnitudes in space, we find [etc.].

1862 J. H. Burton Book-hunter (1863) 38 You individualise your object by showing in what it differs from the others of the genus.

a. Zoology and Botany. A classificatory group comprehending a number of species (sometimes a single species) possessing certain common structural characteristics distinct from those of any other group.The determination of genera, and of what characteristics are to be considered generic, is more or less arbitrary and empirical, and admits of continual alteration according to current knowledge of facts and ideas of classification in the respective sciences. The genus ranks next under the family or sub-family, and above the species; it is sometimes divided into sub-genera. The generic and specific names (always in Latin or considered as Latin) together form the scientific proper name of an animal or plant, the generic name standing first and being written with an initial capital. (The zoological term the genus Homo is sometimes used informally or humorously to denote ‘humankind’ or ‘the human race’.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > genus or sub-genus

folka1382

genus1608

subgenus1699

congeneric1965

1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 126 Because there be many kinds of Crocodiles, it is no maruaile although some haue taken the word Crocodilus for the Genus, and the seuerall Species, they distinguish into the Crocodile of the Earth and the water.

1683 J. Ray Corr. (1848) 134 The description..is scarce sufficient to determine to what genus it belongs, much less whether it be a nondescript species.

1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) i. 203 The greatest and most luxuriant Species in most Genera of Plants are Native of the Mountains.

1755 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 33/2 When the shells are distributed according to their proper classes and tribes, nothing remains but to remark their less essential differences, by which they are subdivided into genuses and species.

1807 J. E. Smith Introd. Physiol. & Systematical Bot. 404 Lychnis dioica has the Stamens on one plant, the Pistils on another, though the rest of the genus has them united in the same flower.

1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 97 I was speaking of adders some time back: do you consider them of one genus?

1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species ii. 59 The larger genera..tend to break up into smaller genera.

1860 Once a Week 22 Sept. 353/2 Peter..may turn out a magnificent specimen of the genus homo.

in combination.1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca Pref. p. ii The blundering and bad spelling of English and French genus-makers.

†b. Similarly used in classifications of other sciences (see quots.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class

kinc950

kindOE

distinction?c1225

rowc1300

spece1303

spice1303

fashionc1325

espicec1386

differencea1398

statec1450

sort?1523

notion1531

species1561

vein1568

brood1581

rank1585

order1588

race1590

breed1598

strain1612

batch1616

tap1623

siege1630

subdivision1646

notionality1651

category1660

denomination1664

footmark1666

genus1666

world1685

sortment1718

tribe1731

assortment1767

description1776

style1794

grouping1799

classification1803

subcategory1842

type1854

basket1916

1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 41 ‘Porpherye’, yo^u expounde ‘marble’, whiche marble ys genus, but purpherye is species.]

1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus v. 13 If minerals are not convertible into another Species, though of the same Genus, much less can they be surmised reducible into a Species of another Genus.

1807 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 630 The genus sulphates contains several salts of considerable importance.

1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. p. i Hence in mineralogy some eminent writers entirely reject Genera; while others, with Daubenton, say that there are no Species.

1816 F. Accum Pract. Ess. Chem. Re-agents (1818) 207 This fluid precipitates many of the genera of metals.

1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 53 M. Chaussier has arranged the organs under twelve genera, the twelfth comprehending the viscera or compound organs.

3. Music. Each of the three scales in ancient Greek music.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > ancient Greek scales

tetrachord1704

genus1763

diatonic syntone1784

1763 J. Brown Diss. Poetry & Music v. 62 The three Genera or Kinds of the Greek Melody.

1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 490/1 Genus, in Music, the general name for any scale of music. If a scale proceed by tones, it is called the diatonic genus; if between the tones semitones are introduced, it is called the chromatic genus. When the subdivisions are smaller, as quarter tones, it is called the enharmonic genus.

1867 G. A. Macfarren Six Lect. Harmony i. 5 The true genera of the Greek system.

4. gen. A kind, class, order, tribe, etc. (Often with reference, more or less explicit, to sense 2.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > phylum

kin971

kindOE

genus1649

phylum1868

1649 J. Cooke King Charls his Case 9 It seems to me, that the Lord renounces the very Genus of such Kings as are there mentioned.

1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 5 Animate Bodies are divided into four great Genera or Orders, Beasts, Birds, Fishes and Insects.

1768–74 A. Tucker Light of Nature (1852) II. 356 We cannot think it for the good of the human species, or the animal genus.

1789 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. xviii. §13 Let us..branch out the several divisions of that class as above exhibited into their respective genera.

1816 T. L. Peacock Headlong Hall i. 4 Other varieties of the same genera, namely, men of taste and philosophers.

1818 T. Moore Fudge Family in Paris i. 5 ‘A Dandy’ describes what I mean, And Bob's far the best of the genus I've seen.

1820 Edinb. Rev. 34 136 The following short passage contains a picture of one, we trust, of the lost genera of the native Irish.

1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby II. iv. v. 50 The days of the genus Jawster Sharp were over in this borough.

1880 Manch. Guard. 25 Oct. The proprietors ‘rarely or never resident in Ireland’ are only one species of the genus absentee.

5. genus irritabile (vatum) [after Horace, Ep. ii. ii. 102] , the irritable or over-sensitive race or class (of poets).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > [noun] > collectively

genus irritabile (vatum)1720

poethood1849

1720 J. Swift Let. to Young Poet (1721) 23 These of your Profession have been call'd Genus irritabile vatum.

1818 J. Keats Lett. (1958) I. 386 That matter..which is accounted so acceptable in the ‘genus irritabile’.

1838 C. Dickens Lett. (1965) I. 398 Your great patience which is so exemplary and peculiar that I fear you will never make an author, as you can never be one of the genus irritabile.

1940 ‘N. Blake’ Malice in Wonderland vii. 86 The Mad Hatter realized he was of the genus irritabile of singers, so he doped the piano for him, knowing it would make him fly off the handle.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	genus
释义	genusn. Brit. /ˈdʒiːnəs/, U.S. /ˈdʒinəs/ Forms: Plural genera /ˈdʒɛnərə/. Also 1600s–1700s genuses, 1600s genus's. Etymology: < Latin genus, -eris, birth, race, stock, kind, genus = Greek γένος , -εος (same meanings), Sanskrit jánas , < Aryan root gen- to beget, produce, be born: see kin n.¹ 1. Logic. A class or kind of things which includes a number of subordinate kinds (called species n.) as sharing in certain common attributes; a general concept. (One of the five predicables* (predicable n. 1).)Each species is distinguished from all the others in the genus by the possession of some peculiar attribute or group of attributes, called its ‘specific difference’ or differentia n. highest genus (Latin summum genus), one which does not become subordinated as species to a higher genus; subaltern genus: see first element. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical classification > [noun] > a division, group, or class general?a1425 genus1551 species1551 category1588 class1823 subcategory1842 tetrachotomya1856 1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Bv Genus is a general word, the which is spoken of many that differ in their kind... Or els thus. Genus, is a general worde, vnder the whiche diuers kindes or sortes of things are comprehended. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Apol. Poetrie (1595) sig. D3^v Tell mee if you haue not a more familiar insight into anger, then finding in the Schoolemen his Genus and difference. 1586 E. Hoby tr. M. Coignet Polit. Disc. Trueth Ep. ⁋iij b In the first, all vertues handled, the trueth, as it were genus vnto them..in the other, is intreated of all kinde of vices, and lying accounted as genus thereunto. 1616 T. Gainsford Rich Cabinet f. 135 Souldier is a name of that honour, that it is the genus of vallure and valiant men. 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. xiv. 118 Rarity and Density..can not change the common nature of Quantity, that is their Genus: which by being so to them, must be vniuocally in them both. 1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. vii. §1. 109 We have already spoken of a City by institution in its Genus; we will now say some~what of its species. 1654 Bp. J. Taylor Real Presence 222 Substance is the highest Genus in that Category. 1668 Bp. J. Wilkins Ess. Real Char. 22 I shall first lay down a Scheme or Analysis of all the Genus's or more common heads of things belonging to this design; and then shew how each of these may be subdivided by its peculiar Differences. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. iii. 192 This may shew us the reason, why, in the defining of Words..we make use of the Genus, or next general Word that comprehends it. 1725 I. Watts Logick iii. iii. §3 So substance is the remote genus of bird or beast; because it agrees not only to all kinds of animals, but also to things inanimate..But animal is the proximate or nearest genus of bird, because it agrees to fewest other things. 1826 R. Whately Elements Logic Index Genus, a Predicable which is considered as the material part of the Species of which it is affirmed. 1851 H. L. Mansel Prolegomena Logica vi. 183 The Highest Genus in any special science is the general class, comprehending all the objects whose properties that science investigates..In Geometry, for example, under the summum genus of magnitudes in space, we find [etc.]. 1862 J. H. Burton Book-hunter (1863) 38 You individualise your object by showing in what it differs from the others of the genus. 2. a. Zoology and Botany. A classificatory group comprehending a number of species (sometimes a single species) possessing certain common structural characteristics distinct from those of any other group.The determination of genera, and of what characteristics are to be considered generic, is more or less arbitrary and empirical, and admits of continual alteration according to current knowledge of facts and ideas of classification in the respective sciences. The genus ranks next under the family or sub-family, and above the species; it is sometimes divided into sub-genera. The generic and specific names (always in Latin or considered as Latin) together form the scientific proper name of an animal or plant, the generic name standing first and being written with an initial capital. (The zoological term the genus Homo is sometimes used informally or humorously to denote ‘humankind’ or ‘the human race’.) ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > genus or sub-genus folka1382 genus1608 subgenus1699 congeneric1965 1608 E. Topsell Hist. Serpents 126 Because there be many kinds of Crocodiles, it is no maruaile although some haue taken the word Crocodilus for the Genus, and the seuerall Species, they distinguish into the Crocodile of the Earth and the water. 1683 J. Ray Corr. (1848) 134 The description..is scarce sufficient to determine to what genus it belongs, much less whether it be a nondescript species. 1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) i. 203 The greatest and most luxuriant Species in most Genera of Plants are Native of the Mountains. 1755 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 33/2 When the shells are distributed according to their proper classes and tribes, nothing remains but to remark their less essential differences, by which they are subdivided into genuses and species. 1807 J. E. Smith Introd. Physiol. & Systematical Bot. 404 Lychnis dioica has the Stamens on one plant, the Pistils on another, though the rest of the genus has them united in the same flower. 1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 97 I was speaking of adders some time back: do you consider them of one genus? 1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species ii. 59 The larger genera..tend to break up into smaller genera. 1860 Once a Week 22 Sept. 353/2 Peter..may turn out a magnificent specimen of the genus homo. in combination.1851 S. P. Woodward Man. Mollusca Pref. p. ii The blundering and bad spelling of English and French genus-makers. †b. Similarly used in classifications of other sciences (see quots.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class kinc950 kindOE distinction?c1225 rowc1300 spece1303 spice1303 fashionc1325 espicec1386 differencea1398 statec1450 sort?1523 notion1531 species1561 vein1568 brood1581 rank1585 order1588 race1590 breed1598 strain1612 batch1616 tap1623 siege1630 subdivision1646 notionality1651 category1660 denomination1664 footmark1666 genus1666 world1685 sortment1718 tribe1731 assortment1767 description1776 style1794 grouping1799 classification1803 subcategory1842 type1854 basket1916 1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 41 ‘Porpherye’, yo^u expounde ‘marble’, whiche marble ys genus, but purpherye is species.] 1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus v. 13 If minerals are not convertible into another Species, though of the same Genus, much less can they be surmised reducible into a Species of another Genus. 1807 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 630 The genus sulphates contains several salts of considerable importance. 1811 J. Pinkerton Petralogy I. p. i Hence in mineralogy some eminent writers entirely reject Genera; while others, with Daubenton, say that there are no Species. 1816 F. Accum Pract. Ess. Chem. Re-agents (1818) 207 This fluid precipitates many of the genera of metals. 1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 53 M. Chaussier has arranged the organs under twelve genera, the twelfth comprehending the viscera or compound organs. 3. Music. Each of the three scales in ancient Greek music. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > ancient Greek scales tetrachord1704 genus1763 diatonic syntone1784 1763 J. Brown Diss. Poetry & Music v. 62 The three Genera or Kinds of the Greek Melody. 1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 490/1 Genus, in Music, the general name for any scale of music. If a scale proceed by tones, it is called the diatonic genus; if between the tones semitones are introduced, it is called the chromatic genus. When the subdivisions are smaller, as quarter tones, it is called the enharmonic genus. 1867 G. A. Macfarren Six Lect. Harmony i. 5 The true genera of the Greek system. 4. gen. A kind, class, order, tribe, etc. (Often with reference, more or less explicit, to sense 2.) ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > phylum kin971 kindOE genus1649 phylum1868 1649 J. Cooke King Charls his Case 9 It seems to me, that the Lord renounces the very Genus of such Kings as are there mentioned. 1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 5 Animate Bodies are divided into four great Genera or Orders, Beasts, Birds, Fishes and Insects. 1768–74 A. Tucker Light of Nature (1852) II. 356 We cannot think it for the good of the human species, or the animal genus. 1789 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. xviii. §13 Let us..branch out the several divisions of that class as above exhibited into their respective genera. 1816 T. L. Peacock Headlong Hall i. 4 Other varieties of the same genera, namely, men of taste and philosophers. 1818 T. Moore Fudge Family in Paris i. 5 ‘A Dandy’ describes what I mean, And Bob's far the best of the genus I've seen. 1820 Edinb. Rev. 34 136 The following short passage contains a picture of one, we trust, of the lost genera of the native Irish. 1844 B. Disraeli Coningsby II. iv. v. 50 The days of the genus Jawster Sharp were over in this borough. 1880 Manch. Guard. 25 Oct. The proprietors ‘rarely or never resident in Ireland’ are only one species of the genus absentee. 5. genus irritabile (vatum) [after Horace, Ep. ii. ii. 102] , the irritable or over-sensitive race or class (of poets). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > poet > [noun] > collectively genus irritabile (vatum)1720 poethood1849 1720 J. Swift Let. to Young Poet (1721) 23 These of your Profession have been call'd Genus irritabile vatum. 1818 J. Keats Lett. (1958) I. 386 That matter..which is accounted so acceptable in the ‘genus irritabile’. 1838 C. Dickens Lett. (1965) I. 398 Your great patience which is so exemplary and peculiar that I fear you will never make an author, as you can never be one of the genus irritabile. 1940 ‘N. Blake’ Malice in Wonderland vii. 86 The Mad Hatter realized he was of the genus irritabile of singers, so he doped the piano for him, knowing it would make him fly off the handle. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1551
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