germinationn.

Brit.

/ˌdʒəːmᵻˈneɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌdʒərməˈneɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: late Middle English germynacioun, 1500s– germination.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin germinātiōn-, germinātiō.

Etymology: < classical Latin germinātiōn-, germinātiō process of sprouting or germination, shoot or sprout, in post-classical Latin also generation, procreation, beginning (4th cent.) < germināt- , past participial stem of germināre germinate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French germination offspring (early 16th cent.), shoot of a plant (1580) action of germinating (1611 in Cotgrave), and also Italian germinazione (a1597).

a. Originally: the sprouting of a bud or shoot; the (initial) growth of a plant or seed; an instance of this. In later use: spec. the emergence of an embryo plant from a seed; the process by which this occurs, typically requiring specific environmental conditions of temperature, moisture, and oxygenation; the initial act or process of development of a spore.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > by growth or development > [noun] > sprouting or germination

shutea1300

springinga1387

bearinga1398

germination?1440

springing1531

sprouting1547

blading1548

shoot1572

sprout1586

spring1597

putting1623

eruption1626

spindling1626

germinating1644

spearing1707

spiring1733

flushing1810

plantulation1819

germing1832

germinance1841

stooling1854

coming up1908

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. l. 246 (MED) The eyen of their germynacioun [L. germinationis] With pullyng wol disclose after the ferme Yer.

1594 H. Plat Diuerse Sorts of Soyle 23 in Jewell House It helpeth toward the generation and germination of all seeds.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xxv. 178 Herein we finde no security to prevent its germination, as having made tryall in graines whose ends cut off have notwithstanding suddenly sprouted.

1661 O. Felltham Lett. v. 69 in Resolves (rev. ed.) Can the Sun shine, and the dew fall, and not the Earth return her Germinations?

1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. viii. 15 The whole Globe would be one Frigid Zone..there would be no Life, no Germination.

1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 135 Salts are not absolutely necessary to the Germination of Plants.

1776 Bp. Watson Apol. for Christianity i. 22 Any one phænomenon in nature, from the rotation of the great orbs of the universe to the germination of a blade of grass.

1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 170 The germination which converts the acorn into an oak.

1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 362 The spore..increases in size as soon as germination commences..and divides into two cells.

1916 Garden Mag. Feb. 38/2 For the process of germination heat, moisture and oxygen are needed. So do not plant seeds before the soil is warm.

1954 Times 30 Apr. 5/1 Germination has been patchy and autumn-sown crops have made slow progress.

2006 A. Swithinbank Greenhouse Gardener 18/1 All this potential life is held dormant inside a tough outer seed coat until the right conditions trigger germination.

b. figurative and in figurative contexts. A beginning of development; an early stage, an initial idea; the action or fact of beginning to develop.

ΚΠ

1640 Bp. H. King Serm. 33 He plants us in our severall vocations, and by the irrigation of His grace quickens our Root, and our Leaf, our faith, and our works which are the germination and fruit of that faith.

1653 H. More Second Lash of Alazonomastix 65 The sundry Germinations and Springings up of the works of Righteousness in him are a delectable Paradise to him.

1743 J. B. de Freval tr. N. A. Pluche Hist. Heavens II. 23 Leave all these old chymists, and give them over to the extravagant hopes they build upon imaginary germinations.

1799 J. Duncan Libertine & Infidel led to Refl. (new ed.) v. 332 The germination of all manner wickedness and depravity continues still to shoot forth.

1848 H. Hallam Suppl. Notes View Europe Middle Ages 189 We see the germination of that usurpation.

1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xvii. 623 A time of germination in religious history.

1916 N. Smyth Meaning of Personal Life iii. 87 From the first germination of thought in the soil prepared by nature for its upspringing mind has grown to its maturity, reason has risen to its superiority.

1956 W. W. Spink Nature of Brucellosis p. viii Several years were to elapse before this could be accomplished, but the decision reached at that time was the germination of this monograph.

1988 D. Suchet in R. Jackson & R. Smallwood Players of Shakespeare 2 (1989) 185 Then comes the thought of usurping Cassio's lieutenantship. But he has to ask ‘How? How?’ Then, and only then, comes the germination of a plan, ‘to abuse Othello's ear / That he is too familiar with his wife’.

2002 R. Lessem in A. Brockbank et al. Reflect. Learning in Pract. iii. xxi. 205 Such a creative cycle is..set in motion by the germination of an idea, with a view to its practical realization, born out of a combination of action and reflection.

†2. The production of solid outgrowths by a mineral substance, esp. by crystallization or efflorescence; the growth of crystals; an outgrowth or deposit formed in this way. Cf. germinate v. 3, and vegetation n. 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > efflorescence

germination1651

efflorescence1667

efflorescency1701

excrescence1719

1651 J. French tr. J. R. Glauber Descr. New Philos. Furnaces iv. 253 Metals are also by help of gradation equal to germination.

1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 130 Why may not the Phænomena of Ebullition or Germination be in part possibly enough deduc'd from the levity of an impregnated liquor, which..evaporates and leaves the more solid and fix'd parts behind in the form of a Mushrom.

1725 R. Innes Let. 2 June in Misc. Lett. to Dr. Nicholson (1732) i. 8 I cannot conceive the Geometrical Figure of Salts, or the Germination of them, can produce the odd Variety and Ornaments of Shell-Stones.

1774 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 64 483 Various other kinds of salts formed by germination, assume this fibrous texture.

1774 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 64 488 The saline germinations in this specimen shoot out, or grow from the pyrites, pretty close to each other.

1807 I. Weld Illustr. Scenery Killarney i. 15 Numerous specimens are observable of gray copper ore, of malachite, mountain green, brown iron stone, gray cobalt ore, red cobalt ore, both in crystallized germinations and incrustations.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	germination
释义	germinationn. Brit. /ˌdʒəːmᵻˈneɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌdʒərməˈneɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: late Middle English germynacioun, 1500s– germination. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin germinātiōn-, germinātiō. Etymology: < classical Latin germinātiōn-, germinātiō process of sprouting or germination, shoot or sprout, in post-classical Latin also generation, procreation, beginning (4th cent.) < germināt- , past participial stem of germināre germinate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Middle French, French germination offspring (early 16th cent.), shoot of a plant (1580) action of germinating (1611 in Cotgrave), and also Italian germinazione (a1597). 1. a. Originally: the sprouting of a bud or shoot; the (initial) growth of a plant or seed; an instance of this. In later use: spec. the emergence of an embryo plant from a seed; the process by which this occurs, typically requiring specific environmental conditions of temperature, moisture, and oxygenation; the initial act or process of development of a spore. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by growth or development > [noun] > sprouting or germination shutea1300 springinga1387 bearinga1398 germination?1440 springing1531 sprouting1547 blading1548 shoot1572 sprout1586 spring1597 putting1623 eruption1626 spindling1626 germinating1644 spearing1707 spiring1733 flushing1810 plantulation1819 germing1832 germinance1841 stooling1854 coming up1908 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) iv. l. 246 (MED) The eyen of their germynacioun [L. germinationis] With pullyng wol disclose after the ferme Yer. 1594 H. Plat Diuerse Sorts of Soyle 23 in Jewell House It helpeth toward the generation and germination of all seeds. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. xxv. 178 Herein we finde no security to prevent its germination, as having made tryall in graines whose ends cut off have notwithstanding suddenly sprouted. View more context for this quotation 1661 O. Felltham Lett. v. 69 in Resolves (rev. ed.) Can the Sun shine, and the dew fall, and not the Earth return her Germinations? 1693 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. viii. 15 The whole Globe would be one Frigid Zone..there would be no Life, no Germination. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 135 Salts are not absolutely necessary to the Germination of Plants. 1776 Bp. Watson Apol. for Christianity i. 22 Any one phænomenon in nature, from the rotation of the great orbs of the universe to the germination of a blade of grass. 1846 J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 170 The germination which converts the acorn into an oak. 1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 362 The spore..increases in size as soon as germination commences..and divides into two cells. 1916 Garden Mag. Feb. 38/2 For the process of germination heat, moisture and oxygen are needed. So do not plant seeds before the soil is warm. 1954 Times 30 Apr. 5/1 Germination has been patchy and autumn-sown crops have made slow progress. 2006 A. Swithinbank Greenhouse Gardener 18/1 All this potential life is held dormant inside a tough outer seed coat until the right conditions trigger germination. b. figurative and in figurative contexts. A beginning of development; an early stage, an initial idea; the action or fact of beginning to develop. ΚΠ 1640 Bp. H. King Serm. 33 He plants us in our severall vocations, and by the irrigation of His grace quickens our Root, and our Leaf, our faith, and our works which are the germination and fruit of that faith. 1653 H. More Second Lash of Alazonomastix 65 The sundry Germinations and Springings up of the works of Righteousness in him are a delectable Paradise to him. 1743 J. B. de Freval tr. N. A. Pluche Hist. Heavens II. 23 Leave all these old chymists, and give them over to the extravagant hopes they build upon imaginary germinations. 1799 J. Duncan Libertine & Infidel led to Refl. (new ed.) v. 332 The germination of all manner wickedness and depravity continues still to shoot forth. 1848 H. Hallam Suppl. Notes View Europe Middle Ages 189 We see the germination of that usurpation. 1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xvii. 623 A time of germination in religious history. 1916 N. Smyth Meaning of Personal Life iii. 87 From the first germination of thought in the soil prepared by nature for its upspringing mind has grown to its maturity, reason has risen to its superiority. 1956 W. W. Spink Nature of Brucellosis p. viii Several years were to elapse before this could be accomplished, but the decision reached at that time was the germination of this monograph. 1988 D. Suchet in R. Jackson & R. Smallwood Players of Shakespeare 2 (1989) 185 Then comes the thought of usurping Cassio's lieutenantship. But he has to ask ‘How? How?’ Then, and only then, comes the germination of a plan, ‘to abuse Othello's ear / That he is too familiar with his wife’. 2002 R. Lessem in A. Brockbank et al. Reflect. Learning in Pract. iii. xxi. 205 Such a creative cycle is..set in motion by the germination of an idea, with a view to its practical realization, born out of a combination of action and reflection. †2. The production of solid outgrowths by a mineral substance, esp. by crystallization or efflorescence; the growth of crystals; an outgrowth or deposit formed in this way. Cf. germinate v. 3, and vegetation n. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > efflorescence germination1651 efflorescence1667 efflorescency1701 excrescence1719 1651 J. French tr. J. R. Glauber Descr. New Philos. Furnaces iv. 253 Metals are also by help of gradation equal to germination. 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 130 Why may not the Phænomena of Ebullition or Germination be in part possibly enough deduc'd from the levity of an impregnated liquor, which..evaporates and leaves the more solid and fix'd parts behind in the form of a Mushrom. 1725 R. Innes Let. 2 June in Misc. Lett. to Dr. Nicholson (1732) i. 8 I cannot conceive the Geometrical Figure of Salts, or the Germination of them, can produce the odd Variety and Ornaments of Shell-Stones. 1774 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 64 483 Various other kinds of salts formed by germination, assume this fibrous texture. 1774 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 64 488 The saline germinations in this specimen shoot out, or grow from the pyrites, pretty close to each other. 1807 I. Weld Illustr. Scenery Killarney i. 15 Numerous specimens are observable of gray copper ore, of malachite, mountain green, brown iron stone, gray cobalt ore, red cobalt ore, both in crystallized germinations and incrustations. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.?1440
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