germandern.

Brit.

/dʒəːˈmandə/,

/dʒəˈmandə/, U.S.

/dʒərˈmændər/

Forms:

α. late Middle English germadere (transmission error), late Middle English germaundr', late Middle English germawnder, late Middle English–1500s germandre, late Middle English 1600s germandir, late Middle English– germander, 1500s garmander, 1500s garmaundre, 1500s germaundre, 1500s iarmander, 1500s–1600s germaunder, 1600s iermander.

β. English regional (Cheshire) 1800s– jerrymander.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin germandra.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin germandra, germandrea (from 13th cent. in British sources), apparently a variant (of unexplained motivation) of gamandrea , gamandria (in an undated glossary; > German gamander , Dutch gamander ), ultimately < Hellenistic Greek χαμαίδρυς , literally ‘ground oak’ < ancient Greek χαμαί on the ground (see chamae- comb. form) + δρῦς oak (see dryad n.). Compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French germandree (12th cent. in Old French; French germandrée).The Hellenistic Greek χαμαίδρυς was also borrowed regularly into classical Latin as chamaedrȳs, whence Old French camedree (second half of the 13th cent.; Middle French chamadris, French †chamedrée, rare and learned), Spanish camedrio (15th cent. as camedreo), Italian camedrio (a1498).

Frequently with distinguishing word. Any of the plants constituting the genus Teucrium (family Lamiaceae ( Labiatae)), comprising aromatic shrubs and subshrubs native chiefly to Mediterranean regions, with tubular pink to purple flowers often with a prominent lower lip; esp. (more fully common or wall germander) T. chamaedrys, an evergreen shrub with bright pink flowers, formerly used medicinally and now commonly grown as an ornamental. Also (usually with distinguishing word): any of several speedwells (genus Veronica) (now only in compounds (see Compounds)).In early quots. the exact plant intended is not always clear.In quot. 1864 with reference to the blue colour of the flowers of germander speedwell, Veronica chamaedrys.garlic, rock, tree, water, wood germander, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > germander plants

hindheala1300

ambrosea1350

wild sagea1400

germander?a1425

tetterwosea1500

English treacle1548

garlic-germander1548

scordium1548

wood-sage1571

garlic-sage1597

horse-chire1597

tree germander1597

mountain sage1659

marum1666

teucrium1673

mastic plant1718

thorny germander1822

bitter sage1865

?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 27^v (MED) Germandir haviþ sede like to a peny..hit helith þe potager..delyuereth woman of dede childe..soudith brokyn bonys.

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 190 Germawnder, herbe, germandra.

1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. C.i^v Chamedrys called..in englishe Germander or englishe Triacle.

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. lxxvi. 112 Of Teucrion or wilde Germander.

1587 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. xx. i. 326 Our common germander or thistle benet is..of..great power in medicine.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 344 Take of Iermander foure ounces, of Gum dragant, and of dryed roses.

1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) ii. ccxii. 657 Before creeping Germander was knowne, this wilde kinde bare the name of Germander amongst the Apothecaries, and was vsed for the right Germander in the compositions of Medicines.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 109/1 Tree Germander hath the Flowers..white, in a round pointed husk.

1751 J. Hill Hist. Materia Medica xxvi. 369 There are many Species of it [sc. germander], but the only one used in the Shops is that called the common Germander.

1789 J. Pilkington View Derbyshire I. viii. 325 Veronica chamædris, Wild germander.

1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory ii. 390 Wall germander has been accounted tonic, stomachic [etc.].

1864 Ld. Tennyson Sea Dreams 4 They, thinking that her clear germander eye Droopt in the giant-factoried city-gloom, Came, with a month's leave given them, to the sea.

1896 E. Step Wayside & Woodland Blossoms 2nd ser. 102 Wall Germander..is a garden escape, found rarely on old walls.

1916 L. B. Wilder My Garden xviii. 304 Germander, Teucrium Chamædrys, is a nice little woody plant with rose-coloured blossoms and pleasantly scented foliage.

1964 E. Salisbury Weeds & Aliens (ed. 2) v. 126 An annual or biennial plant of southern and central Europe, which is a very rare weed of chalky fields in southern England and regarded as ‘native’ there, is Cut-leaved Germander (Teucrium botrys).

2008 S. Calhoun Designer Plant Combinations 52 I particularly enjoy the transitions through the seasons—when the germander first starts to bloom.

Compounds

germander chickweed n. now rare a European speedwell, Veronica agrestis, with a low, sprawling growth habit and solitary blue flowers, found on cultivated and disturbed land.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Scrophulariaceae (figwort and allies) > [noun] > Veronica or speedwell

lemkea1300

God's eye?a1350

waterlink?a1425

brooklimea1450

fluellin1548

Paul's betony1548

wood-penny1570

water pimpernel1575

ground-hele1578

speedwell1578

wild germander1578

germander chickweed1597

leper's herb1600

lime-wort1666

water purpy1683

water-speedwell1690

beccabunga1706

rock speedwell1719

Welsh speedwell1731

germander speedwell1732

St. Paul's betony1736

vernal speedwell1796

wall speedwell1796

cat's-eye1817

wellink1826

skull-cap1846

forget-me-not1853

veronica1855

angels' eyes1862

horse-cress1879

faverel1884

St. Paul's betony1884

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 491 Germander Chickweede hath small tender branches.

1682 N. Grew Anat. Plants iv. ii. iii. 168 In Germander-Chickweed, they are always Two [seed-like parts], and no more.

1777 S. Robson Brit. Flora iv. 83 Veronica agrestis... Germander Chickweed. Flowers solitary, pedunculate, leaves cordate, serrate.

1873 J. G. Wood Cal. Months 40 There is, for example, the Germander Chickweed (Veronica agrestis), which derives its popular name from the slender, drooping stem, which resembles that of the common chickweed.

1907 Jrnl. Hort. & Home Farmer 12 Dec. 560/2 The procumbent Field Speedwell, or Germander Chickweed (V. agrestis), is an annual which comes up freely on all cultivated ground.

germander speedwell n. any of several speedwells; esp. Veronica chamaedrys, a common Eurasian speedwell often found in hedgerows, which has bright blue flowers with a white centre.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Scrophulariaceae (figwort and allies) > [noun] > Veronica or speedwell

lemkea1300

God's eye?a1350

waterlink?a1425

brooklimea1450

fluellin1548

Paul's betony1548

wood-penny1570

water pimpernel1575

ground-hele1578

speedwell1578

wild germander1578

germander chickweed1597

leper's herb1600

lime-wort1666

water purpy1683

water-speedwell1690

beccabunga1706

rock speedwell1719

Welsh speedwell1731

germander speedwell1732

St. Paul's betony1736

vernal speedwell1796

wall speedwell1796

cat's-eye1817

wellink1826

skull-cap1846

forget-me-not1853

veronica1855

angels' eyes1862

horse-cress1879

faverel1884

St. Paul's betony1884

1732 J. Martyn tr. J. P. de Tournefort Hist. Plants Paris II. 334 Germander-Speedwell, or Chickweed.

1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 17 Veronica Chamaedrys... Wild Germander. Germander Speedwell.

1860 P. H. Gosse Romance Nat. Hist. 6 The germander speedwell, with its laughing blue eyes, spangling every hedge-bank.

1996 Guardian 25 June i. 16/7 A moth fluttered along the path in front of me, finally stopping to investigate a patch of Germander speedwell.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	germander
释义	germandern. Brit. /dʒəːˈmandə/, /dʒəˈmandə/, U.S. /dʒərˈmændər/ Forms: α. late Middle English germadere (transmission error), late Middle English germaundr', late Middle English germawnder, late Middle English–1500s germandre, late Middle English 1600s germandir, late Middle English– germander, 1500s garmander, 1500s garmaundre, 1500s germaundre, 1500s iarmander, 1500s–1600s germaunder, 1600s iermander. β. English regional (Cheshire) 1800s– jerrymander. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin germandra. Etymology: < post-classical Latin germandra, germandrea (from 13th cent. in British sources), apparently a variant (of unexplained motivation) of gamandrea , gamandria (in an undated glossary; > German gamander , Dutch gamander ), ultimately < Hellenistic Greek χαμαίδρυς , literally ‘ground oak’ < ancient Greek χαμαί on the ground (see chamae- comb. form) + δρῦς oak (see dryad n.). Compare Anglo-Norman and Middle French germandree (12th cent. in Old French; French germandrée).The Hellenistic Greek χαμαίδρυς was also borrowed regularly into classical Latin as chamaedrȳs, whence Old French camedree (second half of the 13th cent.; Middle French chamadris, French †chamedrée, rare and learned), Spanish camedrio (15th cent. as camedreo), Italian camedrio (a1498). Frequently with distinguishing word. Any of the plants constituting the genus Teucrium (family Lamiaceae ( Labiatae)), comprising aromatic shrubs and subshrubs native chiefly to Mediterranean regions, with tubular pink to purple flowers often with a prominent lower lip; esp. (more fully common or wall germander) T. chamaedrys, an evergreen shrub with bright pink flowers, formerly used medicinally and now commonly grown as an ornamental. Also (usually with distinguishing word): any of several speedwells (genus Veronica) (now only in compounds (see Compounds)).In early quots. the exact plant intended is not always clear.In quot. 1864 with reference to the blue colour of the flowers of germander speedwell, Veronica chamaedrys.garlic, rock, tree, water, wood germander, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > labiate plant or plants > [noun] > germander plants hindheala1300 ambrosea1350 wild sagea1400 germander?a1425 tetterwosea1500 English treacle1548 garlic-germander1548 scordium1548 wood-sage1571 garlic-sage1597 horse-chire1597 tree germander1597 mountain sage1659 marum1666 teucrium1673 mastic plant1718 thorny germander1822 bitter sage1865 ?a1425 (?1373) Lelamour Herbal (1938) f. 27^v (MED) Germandir haviþ sede like to a peny..hit helith þe potager..delyuereth woman of dede childe..soudith brokyn bonys. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 190 Germawnder, herbe, germandra. 1548 W. Turner Names of Herbes sig. C.i^v Chamedrys called..in englishe Germander or englishe Triacle. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. lxxvi. 112 Of Teucrion or wilde Germander. 1587 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. xx. i. 326 Our common germander or thistle benet is..of..great power in medicine. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 344 Take of Iermander foure ounces, of Gum dragant, and of dryed roses. 1633 T. Johnson Gerard's Herball (new ed.) ii. ccxii. 657 Before creeping Germander was knowne, this wilde kinde bare the name of Germander amongst the Apothecaries, and was vsed for the right Germander in the compositions of Medicines. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 109/1 Tree Germander hath the Flowers..white, in a round pointed husk. 1751 J. Hill Hist. Materia Medica xxvi. 369 There are many Species of it [sc. germander], but the only one used in the Shops is that called the common Germander. 1789 J. Pilkington View Derbyshire I. viii. 325 Veronica chamædris, Wild germander. 1811 A. T. Thomson London Dispensatory ii. 390 Wall germander has been accounted tonic, stomachic [etc.]. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Sea Dreams 4 They, thinking that her clear germander eye Droopt in the giant-factoried city-gloom, Came, with a month's leave given them, to the sea. 1896 E. Step Wayside & Woodland Blossoms 2nd ser. 102 Wall Germander..is a garden escape, found rarely on old walls. 1916 L. B. Wilder My Garden xviii. 304 Germander, Teucrium Chamædrys, is a nice little woody plant with rose-coloured blossoms and pleasantly scented foliage. 1964 E. Salisbury Weeds & Aliens (ed. 2) v. 126 An annual or biennial plant of southern and central Europe, which is a very rare weed of chalky fields in southern England and regarded as ‘native’ there, is Cut-leaved Germander (Teucrium botrys). 2008 S. Calhoun Designer Plant Combinations 52 I particularly enjoy the transitions through the seasons—when the germander first starts to bloom. Compounds germander chickweed n. now rare a European speedwell, Veronica agrestis, with a low, sprawling growth habit and solitary blue flowers, found on cultivated and disturbed land. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Scrophulariaceae (figwort and allies) > [noun] > Veronica or speedwell lemkea1300 God's eye?a1350 waterlink?a1425 brooklimea1450 fluellin1548 Paul's betony1548 wood-penny1570 water pimpernel1575 ground-hele1578 speedwell1578 wild germander1578 germander chickweed1597 leper's herb1600 lime-wort1666 water purpy1683 water-speedwell1690 beccabunga1706 rock speedwell1719 Welsh speedwell1731 germander speedwell1732 St. Paul's betony1736 vernal speedwell1796 wall speedwell1796 cat's-eye1817 wellink1826 skull-cap1846 forget-me-not1853 veronica1855 angels' eyes1862 horse-cress1879 faverel1884 St. Paul's betony1884 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 491 Germander Chickweede hath small tender branches. 1682 N. Grew Anat. Plants iv. ii. iii. 168 In Germander-Chickweed, they are always Two [seed-like parts], and no more. 1777 S. Robson Brit. Flora iv. 83 Veronica agrestis... Germander Chickweed. Flowers solitary, pedunculate, leaves cordate, serrate. 1873 J. G. Wood Cal. Months 40 There is, for example, the Germander Chickweed (Veronica agrestis), which derives its popular name from the slender, drooping stem, which resembles that of the common chickweed. 1907 Jrnl. Hort. & Home Farmer 12 Dec. 560/2 The procumbent Field Speedwell, or Germander Chickweed (V. agrestis), is an annual which comes up freely on all cultivated ground. germander speedwell n. any of several speedwells; esp. Veronica chamaedrys, a common Eurasian speedwell often found in hedgerows, which has bright blue flowers with a white centre. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Scrophulariaceae (figwort and allies) > [noun] > Veronica or speedwell lemkea1300 God's eye?a1350 waterlink?a1425 brooklimea1450 fluellin1548 Paul's betony1548 wood-penny1570 water pimpernel1575 ground-hele1578 speedwell1578 wild germander1578 germander chickweed1597 leper's herb1600 lime-wort1666 water purpy1683 water-speedwell1690 beccabunga1706 rock speedwell1719 Welsh speedwell1731 germander speedwell1732 St. Paul's betony1736 vernal speedwell1796 wall speedwell1796 cat's-eye1817 wellink1826 skull-cap1846 forget-me-not1853 veronica1855 angels' eyes1862 horse-cress1879 faverel1884 St. Paul's betony1884 1732 J. Martyn tr. J. P. de Tournefort Hist. Plants Paris II. 334 Germander-Speedwell, or Chickweed. 1796 W. Withering Arrangem. Brit. Plants (ed. 3) II. 17 Veronica Chamaedrys... Wild Germander. Germander Speedwell. 1860 P. H. Gosse Romance Nat. Hist. 6 The germander speedwell, with its laughing blue eyes, spangling every hedge-bank. 1996 Guardian 25 June i. 16/7 A moth fluttered along the path in front of me, finally stopping to investigate a patch of Germander speedwell. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.?a1425
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