gentilen.adj.

Brit.

/ˈdʒɛntʌɪl/,

/ˈdʒɛntɪl/, U.S.

/ˈdʒɛnˌtaɪl/

Forms: Middle English ientil, Middle English jentile, Middle English jentyle, Middle English–1500s gentil, Middle English–1500s gentyl, Middle English–1500s gentyle, Middle English– gentile, 1500s gentle; Scottish pre-1700 genteill, pre-1700 gentill, pre-1700 gentyl, pre-1700 1700s– gentile. Also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin gentīlis.

Etymology: < classical Latin gentīlis (adjective) belonging to a Roman gens, of or belonging to the same tribe or race, national, native, of or concerning foreign peoples, (noun) member of the same gens, native or inhabitant of the same country, in post-classical Latin also (adjective) pagan, heathen (Vulgate), barbarian (6th cent.), noble, of good birth (from 12th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources), (of a hawk) gentle (frequently from 1200 in British sources), (of a horse) thoroughbred (1400 in a British source), (noun) pagan (Vulgate), noble (13th cent. in a British source) < gent- , gens gens n. + -īlis -il suffix. Compare gentle adj.Compare Middle French, French gentil (a1481), Catalan gentil (14th cent.), Spanish gentil, Portuguese gentio, Italian gentile (all 13th cent.), nouns.

A. n.

I. Senses relating to a person's religion or beliefs. Frequently with capital initial.

a. A pagan; a follower of a pantheistic religion. Sometimes: a person who does not subscribe to the dominant religion of a particular society; spec. a non-Christian; a heathen. Now chiefly historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [noun] > person

heathenc1000

Saracenc1250

payenc1275

paynimc1300

wanbody1303

payemec1330

idolaterc1380

gentilea1382

idolasterc1386

miscreantc1400

mammeter?a1425

paganc1440

infidel1470

ethnic?a1475

image server1531

serve-image1531

heathenista1556

image-worshipper1563

Kaffir1577

giaour1589

Baalista1603

idolant1605

idolatress1613

idolist1614

idololatera1641

iconolater1654

Baalite1656

iconodulist1716

irreligionista1779

neopagan1868

iconodule1893

witch1958

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 2 Chron. xxxiii. 2 He dide euyl befor þe lord after þe abhomynaciowns of gentiles [L. gentium], þe whiche þe lord turnede vpsodoun.

c1450 tr. G. Boccaccio De Claris Mulieribus (1924) l. 544 (MED) The Gentyls, as poetys done vs lere, Callyd on Juno for helpe.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. B.iij Neither all doctours among christen men, nor all the philosophers amonge the gentiles.

1673 W. Temple Observ. United Provinces i. 9 The Goths were Gentiles when they first broke into the Roman Empire.

1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. i. vi. 22 One is a Christian, another a Jew, a third a Mahometan, a fourth an Idolatrous Gentile.

1845 J. Lingard Hist. & Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church (ed. 3) II. xii. 221 The church of St. Cuthbert..has been given in prey to the Gentiles.

1913 Irish Monthly 41 537 They were big ships with three bands of oars..and at their prows were the black banners of the red-haired Gentiles.

1973 ELH 40 243 Excessive contact with the ‘gentiles’ who inhabit the outer kingdom beyond the spiritual boundaries of Christianity.

2005 Jrnl. County Louth Archaeol. & Hist. Soc. 26 74 The burning of Druim Inisclainn by Gentiles.

b. A Hindu, as distinguished from a Muslim. Cf. Gentoo n.¹ Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Hinduism > [noun] > person

gentile1555

Hindu1625

Gentoo1638

1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 233 The prices of precious stones..as they are..soulde bothe of the Moores and the gentyles.

1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures vi. 15 The Tyrant had..propounded unto this King of Batas, who was a Gentile, the imbracing of Mahomets Law.

1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. xiii. 148 The Customs in the Kings Books, are but 2 per Cent. for Mahometans, and 5 per Cent. for Gentiles.

2014 R. K. Batchelor London v. 198 Elihu Yale was ordered to make a census by gender, occupation, and religion (English, Portuguese, ‘Moors’, and ‘Gentoos’—gentiles or Hindus).

a. A person who is not Jewish.In quot. c1475 with the, in collective sense: the gentiles; people who are not Jewish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > gentile > [noun]

gentilea1382

goy1826

goyah1849

non-Jew1864

yok1921

a1382 Prefatory Epist. St. Jerome in Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) ii. 10 Þe prechoure of gentyls..expounyd with þe apostleȝ þe euangely, lest parauentour in veyn he schuld renne or hadde Ironne.

c1400 Prose Versions New Test.: Col. (Selwyn) (1904) iii. 11 (MED) Wher ne is noȝ male & femal, Iew & Gentyl [L. gentilis], circumscysyoun & prepucye, vncouþe man & couþ man, bonde man & fre man.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 6 Constreyning þe gentil to be com Jewes in obseruaunce.

1598 T. James in tr. A. Brucioli Comm. Canticle of Canticles Ep. Ded. sig. *3^v God, the God of the Gentiles as well as of the Iewes, the God of Italians as of Englishmen, no accepter of persons, or respecter of place.

1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test. Matt. x. 18 That both Jews and Gentiles..may hear from you what the Gospel is, and be unexcusable in their sin.

1753 W. Warburton Serm. I. v. 145 The representation of Jesus's being made unto us Wisdom and Righteousness is particularly addressed to the Gentiles.

1892 B. F. Westcott Gospel of Life v. 182 Zarathustra is not wholly unworthy to be placed as a Gentile by the side of Abraham.

1977 Daily Tel. 16 May 27/8 Gentiles who convert to Judaism under the jurisdiction of a Reform, Masorti or Progressive rabbi are not recognised as Jews in the Orthodox world.

1998 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 5 Nov. 39/1 Young middle-class persons of Jewish background often enough encounter Gentiles among their close relatives, as half-siblings or stepparents.

b. In the terminology of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and associated churches: a person who is not a member of one of these churches or communities; a person who is not a Mormon. Cf. saint n. 3a.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Mormonism > [noun] > person > not

gentile1831

1831 Philadelphia Album & Ladies' Lit. Port Folio 28 May 173/3 We are told that the wife of the prophet Harris, refused to be a Mormonite, and he has left her among ‘the Gentiles.’

1861 R. F. Burton City of Saints viii. 417 Mr. Kennedy, an Irish Gentile.

1991 Wilson Q. Spring 41/2 Formal boundaries between Mormon and Gentile are drawn by the Word of Wisdom, an advisory revelation from Joseph Smith.

2018 Salt Lake Tribune (Nexis) 25 Aug. His reach extends no further than his flock and carries no sway with public media or Gentiles in general.

†II. Senses relating to the origin of a person or thing.

3. Grammar. A word expressing affiliation with a particular, country, locality, etc., esp. a word derived from a place name and denoting a native or inhabitant of that place. Obsolete.In figurative context in quot. 1569.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > other parts of speech > [noun] > other spec.

numeral1530

partitive1530

inclusive1533

gentile1569

illative1591

note1607

collective1751

ordinativea1831

resumptive1832

similative1903

applicative1925

particle1925

adposition1972

1569 W. Haywarde tr. A. Guarna Bellum Grammaticale sig. C.vii^v Al the Pronounes were parted in manye fourmes, and vnder sundry Ensignes. Some were Primatiues, other Deriuatiues, some possessiues, and some gentils.

1612 J. Brinsley Posing of Parts f. 13 Q. What are these [sc. nostras and vestras] called? A. Gentiles. Q. Why so? A. Because they properly betoken pertaining to some Countrey or Nation; to some sect or faction.

1718 R. Johnson Grammatical Comm. (new ed.) 93 Not only these Gentiles, but other Nouns in as are also found to have ium sometimes in the Genitive.

1889 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) The words, Italian, American, Athenian, are gentiles.

1904 C. D. Buck Gram. Oscan & Umbrian 121 The combination of praenomen in -is with gentile in -iis is frequent.

4. Roman History. A member of the same gens (gens n. a). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > clan > [noun] > member of clan

gentile1797

clansman1810

1797 A. Browne Compend. View Civil Law ii. vi. 189 The Julii were gentiles to him, the Cæsars agnates.

1875 E. Poste in tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) iii. 316 The patrician Claudii were the gentiles of the patron, the plebeian Claudii were his cognates, but not his gentiles.

1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes iii. 179 On failure of agnates, the gentiles..are called to the inheritance.

B. adj.

I. Senses relating to a person's religion or beliefs. Frequently with capital initial.

1. Pagan, heathen. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [adjective]

heathenishc893

heathen971

misbelievedc1225

Barbarya1300

payenc1300

miscreantc1330

paynimc1330

uncircumcideda1382

uncircumciseda1400

gentilec1400

heathenly1415

paganismc1425

profanec1450

pagan1464

ethnical?a1475

payemec1480

miscredentc1500

heathenish1535

whorish1535

ethnic1542

ethnish1542

idolous1546

mammetrous1546

gentilish1550

idolatrous?1550

idololatrical1550

infidel1551

idolatrical1556

gentilical1573

paganical?1573

idolish1577

heatheny1580

irreligious1585

paganish1589

gentilic1603

idolaster1608

gentilitious1613

heathenous1613

idolatrizing1614

image-worshipping1621

misreligious1623

Mahounda1625

gentilizing1637

idololatrousa1641

infidelious1648

Baalitical1652

national1661

idolatric1669

paganic1676

gentilized1684

Baalish1690

idololatrica1711

infidelical1802

semi-fidel1834

Greekish1851

paganistic1853

unselect1882

goyish1888

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1977) l. 76 More to wyte is her wrange þen any wylle gentyl.

?1541 N. Udall in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 5 Scipio Africanus the elder (to whom the gentile histories dooe attribute this honourable testimonie).

a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. l. 24225 Thai war withoutin men also, Of gentill faith, and also Cristis fo.

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 117 The ancient Gentile Writers.

1789 J. Brand Hist. & Antiq. Newcastle II. 51 (note) The basilicæ of gentile Rome..were converted into churches on their conversion to Christianity.

1869 Amer. Church Q. Rev. Oct. 459 In the heathen temples there was always a shrine, and in it the image of their Gentile gods.

1981 Victorian Poetry Spring 3 All triplicated gentile goddesses are types of a primordial Great Mother (associated with the earth, moon, and finally Noah's Ark).

a. Not Jewish; of or relating to people who are not Jewish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > gentile > [adjective]

gentile1597

non-Jewish1851

goy1919

1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas viii. 115 He was a Gentile-christian.

1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 580 A current Doctrine among the ancient Writers both Gentile and Jewish.

1774 J. Bryant New Syst. II. 118 There had been a true notion of the Deity transmitted by Zoroaster..when the rest of the gentile world was in darkness.

1831 W. Jones Eccl. Hist. I. viii. 175 His [sc. Paul's] discourse..seems to indicate that he had his eye upon both the error of the Judaizers and that of the Gentile philosophers.

1903 Jewish Encycl. IV. 256/1 The kasha and blintzes of the Russian Jews..are dishes adopted by the Jews from their Gentile neighbors.

2005 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Apr. 16/3 It′s about Jewish men and the ineffable attractiveness of Gentile women.

b. In the terminology of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and associated churches: not belonging or relating to these churches or communities; not Mormon.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Mormonism > [adjective] > not

gentile1832

1832 Christian Reg. (Boston) 18 Aug. 130/1 About fifteen persons in this city have..joined the Mormon church. And some of these persons have set out for ‘the promised land, the place of refuge for the house of Israel, and for all the Gentile world.’

1861 R. F. Burton City of Saints iv. 271 The Endowment House is the place of great Medicine, and all appertaining to it is carefully concealed from Gentile eyes and ears.

1942 W. Stegner Mormon Country 345 Dixie sleeps peacefully all winter with hardly a Gentile intruder.

2017 Reason Apr. 58/2 As the nascent religion picked up followers, it attracted an increasingly violent resistance from the non-Mormon ‘gentile’ community.

II. Senses relating to the origin of a person or thing.

†a. Belonging or relating to a nation or people. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > [adjective] > national

ledelyc1275

ledishc1275

public1427

gentilea1522

national1591

gentilitious1632

gentilitian1645

gentilitial1650

gentilic1863

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > tribe > [adjective]

gentilea1522

tribal1632

tribual1650

intertribal1862

gentilic1863

tribalistic1961

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vii. iv. l. 56 That was the set eik by thar gentil law Deput for hallowit fest and mangeory.

1661 Pagitt's Heresiogr. (ed. 6) 196 Such a one as the Iewes call a National or Gentile Saint.

1686 W. Harris in tr. N. Lémery Course Chym. (ed. 2) Ep. Ded. sig. A3 Who have spent so many years..in France, and who is..a Great Master of that Gentile Language.

1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer I. 419 Twice in the Catalogue Homer has occasion to use the Achæan name locally, and in its original or, so to speak, gentile sense.

b. Grammar. Of a noun, adjective, etc.: indicating the country, locality, etc., with which a person or thing is affiliated. Also of a suffix, etc.: forming words which indicate this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > other parts of speech > [adjective] > other spec.

numerala1398

partitivea1398

gentile1542

indefinitive1598

illative1611

integral1668

collective1751

modal1845

parti-generic1939

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes i. f. 138 Tegea, is a citee of Arcadia. And therof is deriued a noune gentileTegeates, a Tegeate, or a persone of Tegea born.

1647 F. Lodowyck Common Writing 13 The Nounes Appellative Adjective, which are Active, Passive, Denominative..Commonly called Participles... These three sorts, are to have their adjectivall distinctions. Under the third sort belong the Patriall, Gentile, and Patronimicall names.

1733 J. Love Two Grammatical Treat. i. 5 A masculine Gentile Noun.

1864 P. Smith Hist. World II. xix. 141 In the name Rasenna, the root is Ras, the enna being a gentile termination.

1921 Jrnl. Amer. Inst. Criminal Law & Criminol. 12 229 The universal capitalization of gentile adjectives such as French, Indian, is equally modern.

2006 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 96 157 The gentile noun for Cascantum is Cascantensis in Pliny the Elder.., but Cascantini in the periochae of Livy.

4. Belonging or relating to a gens (gens n.) or clan.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > clan > [adjective]

gentilitial1602

gentilitious1646

clannish1791

gentile1800

septal1842

1800 A. Adam Classical Biogr. 51/1 The adopted assumed the name of the adopter, and put his own gentile or family name after, changing the termination into the form of a possessive adjective; thus Pomponianus, for Pomponius, as it were, belonging to the gens of the Pomponii.

1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece I. i. xvi. 464 There were in every gens or family special gentile deities.

1881 A. W. Buckland in Knowledge No. 8. 158 These four women councillors select a chief of the gens from their brothers and sons, and this chief is the head of the gentile council.

1942 Amer. Anthropologist 44 677 Besides gentile exogamy, the Cocopa are quite strict in regard to marriage to close kin.

2004 Symploké 12 118 Private property commences with the dissolution of democractic and egalitarian gentile structures, of which the Iroquois are the supreme example.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	gentile
释义	gentilen.adj. Brit. /ˈdʒɛntʌɪl/, /ˈdʒɛntɪl/, U.S. /ˈdʒɛnˌtaɪl/ Forms: Middle English ientil, Middle English jentile, Middle English jentyle, Middle English–1500s gentil, Middle English–1500s gentyl, Middle English–1500s gentyle, Middle English– gentile, 1500s gentle; Scottish pre-1700 genteill, pre-1700 gentill, pre-1700 gentyl, pre-1700 1700s– gentile. Also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin gentīlis. Etymology: < classical Latin gentīlis (adjective) belonging to a Roman gens, of or belonging to the same tribe or race, national, native, of or concerning foreign peoples, (noun) member of the same gens, native or inhabitant of the same country, in post-classical Latin also (adjective) pagan, heathen (Vulgate), barbarian (6th cent.), noble, of good birth (from 12th cent. in British sources; also in continental sources), (of a hawk) gentle (frequently from 1200 in British sources), (of a horse) thoroughbred (1400 in a British source), (noun) pagan (Vulgate), noble (13th cent. in a British source) < gent- , gens gens n. + -īlis -il suffix. Compare gentle adj.Compare Middle French, French gentil (a1481), Catalan gentil (14th cent.), Spanish gentil, Portuguese gentio, Italian gentile (all 13th cent.), nouns. A. n. I. Senses relating to a person's religion or beliefs. Frequently with capital initial. 1. a. A pagan; a follower of a pantheistic religion. Sometimes: a person who does not subscribe to the dominant religion of a particular society; spec. a non-Christian; a heathen. Now chiefly historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [noun] > person heathenc1000 Saracenc1250 payenc1275 paynimc1300 wanbody1303 payemec1330 idolaterc1380 gentilea1382 idolasterc1386 miscreantc1400 mammeter?a1425 paganc1440 infidel1470 ethnic?a1475 image server1531 serve-image1531 heathenista1556 image-worshipper1563 Kaffir1577 giaour1589 Baalista1603 idolant1605 idolatress1613 idolist1614 idololatera1641 iconolater1654 Baalite1656 iconodulist1716 irreligionista1779 neopagan1868 iconodule1893 witch1958 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 2 Chron. xxxiii. 2 He dide euyl befor þe lord after þe abhomynaciowns of gentiles [L. gentium], þe whiche þe lord turnede vpsodoun. c1450 tr. G. Boccaccio De Claris Mulieribus (1924) l. 544 (MED) The Gentyls, as poetys done vs lere, Callyd on Juno for helpe. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. B.iij Neither all doctours among christen men, nor all the philosophers amonge the gentiles. 1673 W. Temple Observ. United Provinces i. 9 The Goths were Gentiles when they first broke into the Roman Empire. 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. i. vi. 22 One is a Christian, another a Jew, a third a Mahometan, a fourth an Idolatrous Gentile. 1845 J. Lingard Hist. & Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church (ed. 3) II. xii. 221 The church of St. Cuthbert..has been given in prey to the Gentiles. 1913 Irish Monthly 41 537 They were big ships with three bands of oars..and at their prows were the black banners of the red-haired Gentiles. 1973 ELH 40 243 Excessive contact with the ‘gentiles’ who inhabit the outer kingdom beyond the spiritual boundaries of Christianity. 2005 Jrnl. County Louth Archaeol. & Hist. Soc. 26 74 The burning of Druim Inisclainn by Gentiles. b. A Hindu, as distinguished from a Muslim. Cf. Gentoo n.¹ Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > non-Christian religions > Hinduism > [noun] > person gentile1555 Hindu1625 Gentoo1638 1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 233 The prices of precious stones..as they are..soulde bothe of the Moores and the gentyles. 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures vi. 15 The Tyrant had..propounded unto this King of Batas, who was a Gentile, the imbracing of Mahomets Law. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. xiii. 148 The Customs in the Kings Books, are but 2 per Cent. for Mahometans, and 5 per Cent. for Gentiles. 2014 R. K. Batchelor London v. 198 Elihu Yale was ordered to make a census by gender, occupation, and religion (English, Portuguese, ‘Moors’, and ‘Gentoos’—gentiles or Hindus). 2. a. A person who is not Jewish.In quot. c1475 with the, in collective sense: the gentiles; people who are not Jewish. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > gentile > [noun] gentilea1382 goy1826 goyah1849 non-Jew1864 yok1921 a1382 Prefatory Epist. St. Jerome in Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) ii. 10 Þe prechoure of gentyls..expounyd with þe apostleȝ þe euangely, lest parauentour in veyn he schuld renne or hadde Ironne. c1400 Prose Versions New Test.: Col. (Selwyn) (1904) iii. 11 (MED) Wher ne is noȝ male & femal, Iew & Gentyl [L. gentilis], circumscysyoun & prepucye, vncouþe man & couþ man, bonde man & fre man. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 6 Constreyning þe gentil to be com Jewes in obseruaunce. 1598 T. James in tr. A. Brucioli Comm. Canticle of Canticles Ep. Ded. sig. 3^v God, the God of the Gentiles as well as of the Iewes, the God of Italians as of Englishmen, no accepter of persons, or respecter of place. 1685 R. Baxter Paraphr. New Test.* Matt. x. 18 That both Jews and Gentiles..may hear from you what the Gospel is, and be unexcusable in their sin. 1753 W. Warburton Serm. I. v. 145 The representation of Jesus's being made unto us Wisdom and Righteousness is particularly addressed to the Gentiles. 1892 B. F. Westcott Gospel of Life v. 182 Zarathustra is not wholly unworthy to be placed as a Gentile by the side of Abraham. 1977 Daily Tel. 16 May 27/8 Gentiles who convert to Judaism under the jurisdiction of a Reform, Masorti or Progressive rabbi are not recognised as Jews in the Orthodox world. 1998 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 5 Nov. 39/1 Young middle-class persons of Jewish background often enough encounter Gentiles among their close relatives, as half-siblings or stepparents. b. In the terminology of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and associated churches: a person who is not a member of one of these churches or communities; a person who is not a Mormon. Cf. saint n. 3a. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Mormonism > [noun] > person > not gentile1831 1831 Philadelphia Album & Ladies' Lit. Port Folio 28 May 173/3 We are told that the wife of the prophet Harris, refused to be a Mormonite, and he has left her among ‘the Gentiles.’ 1861 R. F. Burton City of Saints viii. 417 Mr. Kennedy, an Irish Gentile. 1991 Wilson Q. Spring 41/2 Formal boundaries between Mormon and Gentile are drawn by the Word of Wisdom, an advisory revelation from Joseph Smith. 2018 Salt Lake Tribune (Nexis) 25 Aug. His reach extends no further than his flock and carries no sway with public media or Gentiles in general. †II. Senses relating to the origin of a person or thing. 3. Grammar. A word expressing affiliation with a particular, country, locality, etc., esp. a word derived from a place name and denoting a native or inhabitant of that place. Obsolete.In figurative context in quot. 1569. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > other parts of speech > [noun] > other spec. numeral1530 partitive1530 inclusive1533 gentile1569 illative1591 note1607 collective1751 ordinativea1831 resumptive1832 similative1903 applicative1925 particle1925 adposition1972 1569 W. Haywarde tr. A. Guarna Bellum Grammaticale sig. C.vii^v Al the Pronounes were parted in manye fourmes, and vnder sundry Ensignes. Some were Primatiues, other Deriuatiues, some possessiues, and some gentils. 1612 J. Brinsley Posing of Parts f. 13 Q. What are these [sc. nostras and vestras] called? A. Gentiles. Q. Why so? A. Because they properly betoken pertaining to some Countrey or Nation; to some sect or faction. 1718 R. Johnson Grammatical Comm. (new ed.) 93 Not only these Gentiles, but other Nouns in as are also found to have ium sometimes in the Genitive. 1889 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) The words, Italian, American, Athenian, are gentiles. 1904 C. D. Buck Gram. Oscan & Umbrian 121 The combination of praenomen in -is with gentile in -iis is frequent. 4. Roman History. A member of the same gens (gens n. a). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > clan > [noun] > member of clan gentile1797 clansman1810 1797 A. Browne Compend. View Civil Law ii. vi. 189 The Julii were gentiles to him, the Cæsars agnates. 1875 E. Poste in tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) iii. 316 The patrician Claudii were the gentiles of the patron, the plebeian Claudii were his cognates, but not his gentiles. 1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes iii. 179 On failure of agnates, the gentiles..are called to the inheritance. B. adj. I. Senses relating to a person's religion or beliefs. Frequently with capital initial. 1. Pagan, heathen. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > theism > paganism > [adjective] heathenishc893 heathen971 misbelievedc1225 Barbarya1300 payenc1300 miscreantc1330 paynimc1330 uncircumcideda1382 uncircumciseda1400 gentilec1400 heathenly1415 paganismc1425 profanec1450 pagan1464 ethnical?a1475 payemec1480 miscredentc1500 heathenish1535 whorish1535 ethnic1542 ethnish1542 idolous1546 mammetrous1546 gentilish1550 idolatrous?1550 idololatrical1550 infidel1551 idolatrical1556 gentilical1573 paganical?1573 idolish1577 heatheny1580 irreligious1585 paganish1589 gentilic1603 idolaster1608 gentilitious1613 heathenous1613 idolatrizing1614 image-worshipping1621 misreligious1623 Mahounda1625 gentilizing1637 idololatrousa1641 infidelious1648 Baalitical1652 national1661 idolatric1669 paganic1676 gentilized1684 Baalish1690 idololatrica1711 infidelical1802 semi-fidel1834 Greekish1851 paganistic1853 unselect1882 goyish1888 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1977) l. 76 More to wyte is her wrange þen any wylle gentyl. ?1541 N. Udall in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 5 Scipio Africanus the elder (to whom the gentile histories dooe attribute this honourable testimonie). a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. l. 24225 Thai war withoutin men also, Of gentill faith, and also Cristis fo. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 117 The ancient Gentile Writers. 1789 J. Brand Hist. & Antiq. Newcastle II. 51 (note) The basilicæ of gentile Rome..were converted into churches on their conversion to Christianity. 1869 Amer. Church Q. Rev. Oct. 459 In the heathen temples there was always a shrine, and in it the image of their Gentile gods. 1981 Victorian Poetry Spring 3 All triplicated gentile goddesses are types of a primordial Great Mother (associated with the earth, moon, and finally Noah's Ark). 2. a. Not Jewish; of or relating to people who are not Jewish. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > gentile > [adjective] gentile1597 non-Jewish1851 goy1919 1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas viii. 115 He was a Gentile-christian. 1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 580 A current Doctrine among the ancient Writers both Gentile and Jewish. 1774 J. Bryant New Syst. II. 118 There had been a true notion of the Deity transmitted by Zoroaster..when the rest of the gentile world was in darkness. 1831 W. Jones Eccl. Hist. I. viii. 175 His [sc. Paul's] discourse..seems to indicate that he had his eye upon both the error of the Judaizers and that of the Gentile philosophers. 1903 Jewish Encycl. IV. 256/1 The kasha and blintzes of the Russian Jews..are dishes adopted by the Jews from their Gentile neighbors. 2005 Times Lit. Suppl. 1 Apr. 16/3 It′s about Jewish men and the ineffable attractiveness of Gentile women. b. In the terminology of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and associated churches: not belonging or relating to these churches or communities; not Mormon. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Mormonism > [adjective] > not gentile1832 1832 Christian Reg. (Boston) 18 Aug. 130/1 About fifteen persons in this city have..joined the Mormon church. And some of these persons have set out for ‘the promised land, the place of refuge for the house of Israel, and for all the Gentile world.’ 1861 R. F. Burton City of Saints iv. 271 The Endowment House is the place of great Medicine, and all appertaining to it is carefully concealed from Gentile eyes and ears. 1942 W. Stegner Mormon Country 345 Dixie sleeps peacefully all winter with hardly a Gentile intruder. 2017 Reason Apr. 58/2 As the nascent religion picked up followers, it attracted an increasingly violent resistance from the non-Mormon ‘gentile’ community. II. Senses relating to the origin of a person or thing. 3. †a. Belonging or relating to a nation or people. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > [adjective] > national ledelyc1275 ledishc1275 public1427 gentilea1522 national1591 gentilitious1632 gentilitian1645 gentilitial1650 gentilic1863 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > tribe > [adjective] gentilea1522 tribal1632 tribual1650 intertribal1862 gentilic1863 tribalistic1961 a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) vii. iv. l. 56 That was the set eik by thar gentil law Deput for hallowit fest and mangeory. 1661 Pagitt's Heresiogr. (ed. 6) 196 Such a one as the Iewes call a National or Gentile Saint. 1686 W. Harris in tr. N. Lémery Course Chym. (ed. 2) Ep. Ded. sig. A3 Who have spent so many years..in France, and who is..a Great Master of that Gentile Language. 1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer I. 419 Twice in the Catalogue Homer has occasion to use the Achæan name locally, and in its original or, so to speak, gentile sense. b. Grammar. Of a noun, adjective, etc.: indicating the country, locality, etc., with which a person or thing is affiliated. Also of a suffix, etc.: forming words which indicate this. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > other parts of speech > [adjective] > other spec. numerala1398 partitivea1398 gentile1542 indefinitive1598 illative1611 integral1668 collective1751 modal1845 parti-generic1939 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes i. f. 138 Tegea, is a citee of Arcadia. And therof is deriued a noune gentileTegeates, a Tegeate, or a persone of Tegea born. 1647 F. Lodowyck Common Writing 13 The Nounes Appellative Adjective, which are Active, Passive, Denominative..Commonly called Participles... These three sorts, are to have their adjectivall distinctions. Under the third sort belong the Patriall, Gentile, and Patronimicall names. 1733 J. Love Two Grammatical Treat. i. 5 A masculine Gentile Noun. 1864 P. Smith Hist. World II. xix. 141 In the name Rasenna, the root is Ras, the enna being a gentile termination. 1921 Jrnl. Amer. Inst. Criminal Law & Criminol. 12 229 The universal capitalization of gentile adjectives such as French, Indian, is equally modern. 2006 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 96 157 The gentile noun for Cascantum is Cascantensis in Pliny the Elder.., but Cascantini in the periochae of Livy. 4. Belonging or relating to a gens (gens n.) or clan. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > clan > [adjective] gentilitial1602 gentilitious1646 clannish1791 gentile1800 septal1842 1800 A. Adam Classical Biogr. 51/1 The adopted assumed the name of the adopter, and put his own gentile or family name after, changing the termination into the form of a possessive adjective; thus Pomponianus, for Pomponius, as it were, belonging to the gens of the Pomponii. 1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece I. i. xvi. 464 There were in every gens or family special gentile deities. 1881 A. W. Buckland in Knowledge No. 8. 158 These four women councillors select a chief of the gens from their brothers and sons, and this chief is the head of the gentile council. 1942 Amer. Anthropologist 44 677 Besides gentile exogamy, the Cocopa are quite strict in regard to marriage to close kin. 2004 Symploké 12 118 Private property commences with the dissolution of democractic and egalitarian gentile structures, of which the Iroquois are the supreme example. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.a1382
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