gathern.1
/ˈɡaðə/, U.S. /ˈɡæðər/ 1.
a. The amount gathered, crop, harvest.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun]
wastumc888
tiltha1100
estrea1300
madder-cropc1300
gainage1390
cropa1400
yieldingc1405
emblement1495
burden?1523
increase1535
field-ware1546
gather1555
esplees1598
husbandrya1616
glebe1660
warea1661
récolte1669
tilling1680
tillage1681
stuffa1687
growing1722
bearing1747
raccolta1748
the crops1789
plant1832
raising1857
cropping1861
1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. i. 114 He that is lorde and gouernour among them, when the whole gather (of Cinamome) is brought together, deuideth out vnto euery man his heape.
b. Contraction, drawing together. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > forehead > [noun] > as seat of expression > contracted or contraction
bent brow1633
gather1893
knit1895
1893 Strand Mag. 6 188/1 There was no sign of agitation save the pitiful gather in the brows.
c. The action of ‘gathering’ a ball (see gather v. 4d).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > rugby football > [noun] > actions or manoeuvres
scrimmaging1776
throw on1845
rush1857
catch1858
maul1860
touch1863
mauling1864
touch-in-goal1869
goal-kicking1871
throw-forward1871
sidestepping1877
handing1882
punting1882
heel1886
touch kicking1889
forward pass1890
scrumming1892
touch-finding1895
heeling1896
wheel1897
scrag1903
reverse pass1907
jinka1914
hand-off1916
play-the-ball1918
gather1921
pivot pass1922
sidestep1927
smother-tackle1927
stiff-arm1927
heel-back1929
scissors1948
rucking1949
loose scrummaging1952
cut-through1960
pivot break1960
put-in1962
chip kicking1963
box kicking1971
peel1973
chip and chase1976
tap penalty1976
1921 in E. H. D. Sewell Rugby Football up to Date iii. facing p. 64 (caption) A ‘gather’ at full-speed..of a well-heeled ball.
2.
a. Plural the gathers, that part of a dress which is gathered or drawn in (cf. gather v. 11b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > trimmings or ornamentation > gather
gathering1580
gather1663
fulling1810
take-up1825
1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. iii. 233 Give us Laws for Pantaloons, The length of Breeches, and the gathers, Port-canons, Perriwigs, and Feathers.
1705 C. Cibber Careless Husband v. v. 56 Take and lay this Silver Plain all along the Gathers.
1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 98 A stitch or two had broke out in the gathers of my stock.
1862 Mrs. H. Wood Mrs. Halliburton's Troubles II. xxv. 301 I have done all the stitching and nearly the plain part of the bodies; I shall soon be at the gathers.
1889 Daily News 6 Jan. 3/1 A coffee-coloured lace skirt mounted in gathers at the waist, and falling straight to the feet.
b. In singular. rare.
ΚΠ
1880 Plain Hints 19 The take up of each gather should be lightly and neatly done.
c. out of the gathers: ‘out of order, in distressed circumstances’ (Halliwell 1847–78).
3.
a. technical. ‘The inclination forward of an axle journal, or spindle, usually one-tenth of its diameter’ (E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. 1874).
b. Glass-making. A mass of molten glass on the end of a punty or blowing-iron.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > glass and glass-like materials > [noun] > glass > molten glass
parison1832
bullion-point1881
gob1907
gathering1908
gather1934
1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. 1038/3 Gather, Glass Mfg. a mass or ball of molten glass collected on a gathering iron, or blowtube.
1944 Electronic Engin. 17 101 A portion of hot glass, called a gather, is made to drop into a mould in which the loose pins have previously been assembled.
1967 C. Gaskin Edge of Glass viii. 187 They blew a gather of glass into a mould.
Compounds
gather-dam n. a dam for collecting water.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > artificially confined water > contrivance for impounding water > dam > types of
mill-dam1182
warrant1406
pond head1465
coffer-dam1736
batardeau1767
gather-dam1768
frame dam1774
crib-dam1816
shutter-dama1884
suddc1900
needle gate1909
check-dam1936
gravity dam1940
1768 J. Gray Refl. Inland Navig. in J. Phillips Hist. Inland Navig. (1795) 307 Every reader may recollect what great quantities he has seen collected in gather-dams, or mill-ponds, by banks above their surface; and..it is..easy to form a string or chain of gather-dams from sea to sea.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† gathern.2
Obsolete.
The pluck (heart, liver and lights) of an animal, esp. of a sheep or calf. Also plural.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > animal body > general parts > internal organs and systems > [noun] > heart, liver, or lungs
gather1530
race1661
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 223/2 Gaddre, as a calfes gadre or a shepes, froissure de ueav ov de motton.
a1600 T. Deloney Pleasant Hist. Iohn Winchcomb (1619) viii. sig. Kij The sheepes heads, and the gathers, which you giue away at your gate, might serue them well enough.
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xii. 57 You must apply vpon the head of the patient, the lungs of a sheepe newly killed, or the whole gather.
1677 J. Phillips tr. J.-B. Tavernier Persian Trav. iii. xii. 129 in tr. J.-B. Tavernier Six Voy. (1678) These three old men take a Sheep or a Goat..cut the throat of it..boil it whole, all but the Gathers.
1783 Ainsworth's Thes. Linguæ Latinæ (new ed.) i. at Calf A calf's pluck, or gather, exta vitulina.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
gatherv.
/ˈɡaðə/, U.S. /ˈɡæðər/ I. transitive.† 1. (Only in forms with prefixed ge-.) To join or unite; to put together, form by union. Obsolete since early Middle English.† 5. To collect or bring together (literary matter); to compile. Obsolete.proverbial.1570 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandry (new ed.) f. 30v The stone that is rolling can gather no Mosse.† 12. To put (the feet) together, keep from straying. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > join (together) [verb (transitive)]
gatherc725
fayOE
samc1000
join1297
conjoinc1374
enjoinc1384
assemble1393
compound1393
sociea1398
annex?c1400
ferec1400
marrowc1400
combinec1440
annectc1450
piece?c1475
combind1477
conjunge1547
associate1578
knit1578
sinew1592
splinter1597
patch1604
accouple1605
interjoina1616
withjoina1627
league1645
contignate1651
to bring on1691
splice1803
pan1884
suture1886
c725 Corpus Gloss. 512 Compactis, gegædradon.
c825 Vesp. Hymns xiii Ðæt..ðu..usic to gode gegadrades [L. conjunxeris] ðo[r]h flæsces gemænnisse.
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xix. 6 Þæt forðon god gegeadrade [L. coniunxit], monn ne to-slite.
OE Soul & Body I 157 Wolde ic þe ðonne secgan þæt ðu ne sorgode, forðan wyt bioð gegæderode æt godes dome.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 147 An is..þet faire icunde þet is igedered bi-twene saule and licame.
c1230 Hali Meid. 27 Muche confort haueð wif of hire were þat beoð wel igedered.
2. † b. reflexive. To come together in a body, to assemble. Obsolete.
a. To bring (persons, or occasionally animals) together; to cause to assemble in one place or company; to collect (an army, a flock, etc.). Also to gather together (also †samen). In early examples also with ge- prefix.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)]
somnec825
heapc900
gathera975
samc1000
to set togetherc1275
fang1340
assemblec1374
recueilc1380
drawa1393
to draw togethera1398
semblea1400
congatherc1400
congregatec1400
to take together1490
recollect1513
to gather togetherc1515
to get together1523
congesta1552
confer1552
collect1573
ingatherc1575
ramass1586
upgather1590
to muster upa1593
accrue1594
musterc1595
compone1613
herd1615
contract1620
recoil1632
comporta1641
rally1643
rendezvous1670
purse1809
adduct1824
to round up1873
reeve1876
to pull together1925
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of people or animals
gathera975
ensemblea1300
drawc1300
semble1389
herd1393
assemblea1400
routa1400
sanka1400
trume?a1400
musterc1425
convene1429
resemblea1450
to draw together1455
forgather1513
accompany1534
troop1565
congregate1570
to get together1575
parliament?1589
accoil1590
join1706
to roll up1817
congressa1850
to round up1879
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > assemble (people or animals)
gathera975
samOE
flockc1275
assemble1297
ensemblea1300
sanka1300
semblea1325
applyc1384
minga1400
resemble1477
suma1500
congregatea1513
amass1573
troopa1592
convene1596
to scum together1596
conventicle1597
rally1603
entroop1609
rustle1883
a975 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker MS.) ann. 973 Þær wæs preosta heap..gleawra gegaderod.
OE Andreas (1932) 1556 Þa þær an ongann, feasceaft hæleð, folc gadorigean.
OE Soul & Body II (1936) 48 On þam miclan dæge, þonne monna cynn se ancenda ealle gegædrað.
a1121 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) ann. 1117 Normandig wearð swiðe gedreht..þurh fyrde þe se cing Henri þær ongean gaderode.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 89 Þa weren þer igedered wiðinne þere buruh of ierusalem trowfeste men.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16462 He wollde..gaddrenn himm an haliȝ follc Off alle kinne lede.
c1275 Laȝamon Brut 1863 Vppen one doune..þat folk was igadered.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 4527 In is ost þo hii were ygadered in þis cas.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5784 Ga, gedir samen þin eldir men Of all þi folk of israel.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 824 Vp roos oure hoost..And gadred vs togydre in a flok.
c1440 Generydes 947 This fals Stiward he had gaderid people grete.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xciv. 305 Than Huon cryed his crye to gader his men togyther.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) iii. v. 61 Gather we our Forces out of hand, And set vpon our boasting Enemie. View more context for this quotation
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 132 The Lacedæmonians together with their confederates having gathered an Armie of forty thousand men.
1711 E. Budgell Spectator No. 77. ⁋6 Will was standing in the midst of several Auditors whom he had gathered round him.
1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 146 He saw a crowd of people gathered before the..window.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ii. §2. 65 He at once gathered his forces and marched upon Gloucester.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (reflexive)] > specifically of people or animals
gather921
ensemble1533
muster1535
congregate1570
921 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker MS.) ann. 921 Æfter þam..gegadorode micel folc hit on Eadweardes cynges anwalde.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2012 Gumen heom igaderen [read igadereden].
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 11081 To gider gidered þei hem alle.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Josh. xviii. A And all the multitude of the children of Israel gathered them selues together vnto Silo.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9044 Then the Grekes by a-grement gedrit hom somyn.
1611 Bible (King James) Job xvi. 10 They haue gathered themselues together against mee. View more context for this quotation
c. In the Biblical phrase to be gathered to one's fathers (also to be gathered to one's people): to be buried with one's ancestors; hence, to die.Although to be gathered to one's fathers is the form of the expression that has become proverbial, it occurs only in one passage of the canonical books and twice in the Apocrypha.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)]
forsweltc888
sweltc888
adeadeOE
deadc950
wendeOE
i-wite971
starveOE
witea1000
forfereOE
forthfareOE
forworthc1000
to go (also depart , pass, i-wite, chare) out of this worldOE
queleOE
fallOE
to take (also nim, underfo) (the) deathOE
to shed (one's own) blood?a1100
diec1135
endc1175
farec1175
to give up the ghostc1175
letc1200
aswelta1250
leavea1250
to-sweltc1275
to-worthc1275
to yield (up) the ghost (soul, breath, life, spirit)c1290
finea1300
spilla1300
part?1316
to leese one's life-daysa1325
to nim the way of deathc1325
to tine, leave, lose the sweatc1330
flit1340
trance1340
determinec1374
disperisha1382
to go the way of all the eartha1382
to be gathered to one's fathers1382
miscarryc1387
shut1390
goa1393
to die upa1400
expirea1400
fleea1400
to pass awaya1400
to seek out of lifea1400–50
to sye hethena1400
tinea1400
trespass14..
espirec1430
to end one's days?a1439
decease1439
to go away?a1450
ungoc1450
unlivec1450
to change one's lifea1470
vade1495
depart1501
to pay one's debt to (also the debt of) naturea1513
to decease this world1515
to go over?1520
jet1530
vade1530
to go westa1532
to pick over the perch1532
galpa1535
to die the death1535
to depart to God1548
to go home1561
mort1568
inlaikc1575
shuffle1576
finish1578
to hop (also tip, pitch over, drop off, etc.) the perch1587
relent1587
unbreathe1589
transpass1592
to lose one's breath1596
to make a die (of it)1611
to go offa1616
fail1623
to go out1635
to peak over the percha1641
exita1652
drop1654
to knock offa1657
to kick upa1658
to pay nature her due1657
ghost1666
to march off1693
to die off1697
pike1697
to drop off1699
tip (over) the perch1699
to pass (also go, be called, etc.) to one's reward1703
sink1718
vent1718
to launch into eternity1719
to join the majority1721
demise1727
to pack off1735
to slip one's cable1751
turf1763
to move off1764
to pop off the hooks1764
to hop off1797
to pass on1805
to go to glory1814
sough1816
to hand in one's accounts1817
to slip one's breatha1819
croak1819
to slip one's wind1819
stiffen1820
weed1824
buy1825
to drop short1826
to fall (a) prey (also victim, sacrifice) to1839
to get one's (also the) call1839
to drop (etc.) off the hooks1840
to unreeve one's lifeline1840
to step out1844
to cash, pass or send in one's checks1845
to hand in one's checks1845
to go off the handle1848
to go under1848
succumb1849
to turn one's toes up1851
to peg out1852
walk1858
snuff1864
to go or be up the flume1865
to pass outc1867
to cash in one's chips1870
to go (also pass over) to the majority1883
to cash in1884
to cop it1884
snuff1885
to belly up1886
perch1886
to kick the bucket1889
off1890
to knock over1892
to pass over1897
to stop one1901
to pass in1904
to hand in one's marble1911
the silver cord is loosed1911
pip1913
to cross over1915
conk1917
to check out1921
to kick off1921
to pack up1925
to step off1926
to take the ferry1928
peg1931
to meet one's Maker1933
to kiss off1935
to crease it1959
zonk1968
cark1977
to cark it1979
to take a dirt nap1981
the world > life > death > [verb (intransitive)] > be dead
sleepc950
restOE
liea1000
to be deadc1000
to lie lowa1275
layc1300
to be gathered to one's fathersa1382
to be gathered to one's fathers1382
to sup with our Saviour, with Our (the) Lord, with (Jesus) Christa1400
repose1586
slumber1594
to sup in heaven or hell1642
to turn one's toes up to the daisies1842
to be out of the way1881
to push up daisiesa1918
to have had it1942
RIP1962
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxv. 8 [Abraham] was gaderyd [L. congregatus est] to his puple.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Judges ii. 10 And al that generacioun is gedrid to her fadris [1535 Coverdale, gathered; 1611, id.].
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Macc. ii. 69 So he blessed them, and was gathered to his fathers [otherwise in earlier versions] . View more context for this quotation
1842 Ld. Tennyson St. Simeon Stylites in Poems (new ed.) II. 62 When I am gather'd to the glorious saints.
1889 J. A. Froude Two Chiefs Dunboy viii No change was to be made till MacFinnan Dhu had been gathered to his fathers.
d. Perhaps U.S. With in: to receive into a religious community.
ΚΠ
1880 W. D. Howells Undiscovered Country viii. 114 They looked like stage players to me; before I was gathered in I used often to see such folks.
3. reflexive.1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. ii. 145 The water..gathering it self into round bubbles..would fall to the ground.1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xix. 417 A small town had gathered itself outside the episcopal precinct.† b. absol. To accumulate wealth. Obsolete.
a. To bring (things) together; to collect from different quarters into one mass or place; to acquire by such means, to amass. Also to gather together.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)]
somnec825
heapc900
gathera975
samc1000
to set togetherc1275
fang1340
assemblec1374
recueilc1380
drawa1393
to draw togethera1398
semblea1400
congatherc1400
congregatec1400
to take together1490
recollect1513
to gather togetherc1515
to get together1523
congesta1552
confer1552
collect1573
ingatherc1575
ramass1586
upgather1590
to muster upa1593
accrue1594
musterc1595
compone1613
herd1615
contract1620
recoil1632
comporta1641
rally1643
rendezvous1670
purse1809
adduct1824
to round up1873
reeve1876
to pull together1925
c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) xxxviii. 8 [xxxix. 6] Hy gaderiað feoh, and nyton hwam hy hyt gadriað.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 1484 Þu..gaddresst swa þe clene corn All fra þe chaff to geddre.
c1200 Vices & Virtues (1888) 47 Se ðe gadereð mihtes [L. qui virtutes congregat] wiðuten eadmodnesse.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 116 Herc nicht..hu god þing hit is to..gederen as iþostre..saule fode.
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxvi. 1356 Many dyuers þinges ygadered togidres beþ oon, as many stones makeþ oon hepe.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 6502 Þair golden tresur gadrid þai samen.
c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi i. xxiii. 32 Whiles þou hast tyme, gadre riches immortale.
1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xxxix. 144 So grete a tresoure was ther wyth-in the paleys, ygadred by the kyng.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lii. 176 Huon had ynough to do to gather togyther the clothes.
1611 Bible (King James) Prov. xxviii. 8 He that by vsurie and vniust gaine increaseth his substance, he shall gather it for him that wil pity the poore. View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 28 How Seas, and Earth, and Air, and active Flame..Were blindly gather'd in this goodly Ball.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth V. 233 The place being thus determined upon, they begin to gather the materials for their nest.
1781 S. Johnson Gay in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets VIII. 24 He died without a will, though he had gathered three thousand pounds.
1825 E. Bulwer-Lytton Falkland 14 We gather the honey of worldly wisdom, not from flowers, but thorns.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > wealth > be rich [verb (intransitive)] > become rich
gather?c1225
richa1375
purchasec1387
increasea1425
enrich1525
to feather one's nest1583
to make a, one's fortune1596
to make one's fortunea1616
fatten1638
accumulate1747
to fill one's pipe1821
to shake the pagoda-tree1825
pyramid1926
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 165 [He] bringen hire on to gederen & ȝeouen alre earst þe poure.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 26824 Quat bot on aside gadir til, And on anoþer side to spill.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xii. 53 Riche renkes riȝt so gaderen and sparen, And tho men that thei moste haten mynistren it atte laste.
c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) lxix. 311 When þat þei se a man gadery or purchesse [v.r. gadre richesse] thenne þei sey, ‘loo! he is a carle’.
c. To pick up (a living).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > management of money > income, revenue, or profit > getting or making money > get or make money [verb (transitive)] > struggle to gain or scrape up (money)
gather1462
scratch1509
firk1604
scuffle1946
1462 J. Heveningham in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 259 I haue as moche as I may to gader myn owune lyfflode, and truli, cosyn, I can not gadere that well.
1858 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) III. xiv. 256 Sturdy vagrants whose living had been gathered hitherto at the doors of the religious houses.
4. in extended use.1844 S. Wilberforce Hist. Protestant Episc. Church Amer. (1846) 5 But the native thus cruelly gathered was not the only specimen they gathered.
a. To collect (flowers, fruit) from the place of growth; to cull, pick, pluck.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > by plucking or picking > from a natural source
gatherOE
pluckOE
picka1393
take1477
cull1637
OE Phoenix 193 Þonne feor and neah þa swetestan somnað ond gædrað wyrta wynsume ond wudubleda to þam eardstede.
c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 987 Whil that she gadered floures in the mede.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 12523 He sent him to þe yerd..For to gedir þam sum cale.
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iii. i. 168 Take and gadre of the tree that is in my gardyn somme fruytes of whiche thou shalt use.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 133v Geather all these hearbes in Sommer, and keepe them, and make them in pouder.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. v. 1 Whiles yet the dewe's on ground, Gather those Flowers. View more context for this quotation
1661 R. Boyle Some Consider. Style of Script. (1675) 209 He [David] gathered bayes both on Parnassus and in the field of honor.
1715 N. Dubois & G. Leoni tr. A. Palladio Architecture I. v. 5 All dug stones are better..than the gather'd ones.
1717 G. Berkeley Jrnls. Trav. Italy 29 May in Wks. (1955) VII. 286 A Physician gathering simples in a field.
1819 W. Irving Sketch Bk. i. 54 I've been gathering some of the most delicious strawberries.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Eclogues ii, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 10 White hedge flowers we abandon, to gather the hyacinth dark.
b. To collect (grain, fruit, etc.) as harvest or annual produce; also to gather in.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > harvest (a crop) [verb (transitive)]
gatherc950
getc1250
harvestc1400
in?1407
win1487
ingatherc1575
crop1602
enda1616
to get in1699
to get up1764
secure1842
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xiii. 30 In tid hripes ic willo cuoeða ðæm hrippe-monnum, geadriges vel somniges [L. colligite] ærist ða unwæstma vel wilde ata.
a1100 Gerefa in Anglia (1886) 9 261 Fela tilða ham gæderian.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 135 Alse me saweð sed on ane time, and gedereð þet frute on oðer time.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4060 He-self was on þe feld biside To geder corn in herueistide.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) vii. 26 Men of þat cuntree, what tyme þat felde sall be tilled, getes þam Cristen men for to tille it and to geder it.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. lxii. B But they that haue gathered in the corne, shal eate it.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. vi. 36 b Out of these..cuttes proceedeth the Masticke by droppes as it were Gum, which they gather in the moneth of September.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 128 To quit his Care, he gather'd first of all In Spring the Roses, Apples in the Fall. View more context for this quotation
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 694 Gather the remaining fruits.
1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 2 We do not merely gather in the indigenous materials of the country where we live, but [etc.].
c. To cull or pluck (a single flower or fruit).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > picking or gathering > pick or gather [verb (transitive)] > a single fruit or flower
gather1594
evell1657
1594 [implied in: W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iii. i. 113 Then fresh teares Stood on her cheeks, as doth the honie dew, Vpon a gathred Lillie almost withered.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 271 That faire field Of Enna, where Proserpin gathring flours Her self a fairer Floure by gloomie Dis Was gatherd . View more context for this quotation
1681 J. Dryden Spanish Fryar v. i. 68 Like a Rose just gather'd from the Stalk.
1799 J. West Tale of Times I. 62 The rose grows so close to the thorn, that you cannot gather it without encountering a painful sensation.
d. To pick up. (See also sense 16a.) Esp. to collect up: (a) a ball in fielding at cricket or in rugby football, or (b) a shot bird.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > [verb (transitive)] > pick up ball
gather1838
the world > food and drink > hunting > shooting > shoot game [verb (transitive)] > collect shot game
gather1891
1715 [implied in: N. Dubois & G. Leoni tr. A. Palladio Architecture I. v. 5 All dug stones are better..than the gather'd ones. (at gathered adj. 1a)].
1838 Sheffield Independent 29 Sept. Gathered the ball.
1846 R. Browning Soul's Trag. in Bells & Pomegranates No. VIII i. 24/1 No general gauntlet-gatherer for the weak against the strong.
1851 ‘L. Mariotti’ Italy in 1848 363 This was a declaration of war to Mazzini, and he was not slow in gathering the gauntlet thus wantonly thrown.
1891 Hurlingham Club Rules 14 All birds must be gathered by the dog or trapper, and no member shall have the right to gather his own bird.
1892 W. W. Greener Breech-loader 225 If a wounded bird struggles in front of you from a companion's gun, drop it if you can. Explain to the first shooter that you did so to save time in gathering it.
1898 Daily News 7 Feb. 8/6 [Rugby Football] Having to gather the ball off the floor, instead of receiving it high up and fairly straight.
1925 D. J. Knight More Compl. Cricketer 12 The ball must be gathered in the palm of the hand.
1925 D. J. Knight More Compl. Cricketer 12 Gather it off the ground with a kind of sweeping movement.
e. Wrestling.
ΚΠ
1870 W. Armstrong Wrestliana 167 In the second fall, Jameson succeeded in ‘gathering’ Wright, and it seemed all over with him.
1870 W. Armstrong Wrestliana 172 Matthew..‘gathered’ his man well, and hiped him.
1889 W. Armstrong Wrestling in W. H. Pollock et al. Fencing (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 203 Your opponent will merely ‘gather’ his hold and you are helpless.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > a compilation > compile (a work) [verb (transitive)] > materials for a work
gathera1000
compilec1425
comprisec1425
a1000 Ags. Astron. in Treat. Science (1841) 1 Of ðære bec þe Beda..gesette and gaderode of manegra wisa lareowa bocum.
1482 Monk of Evesham 38 Some thynges y wylle gedur to gedur of some certeyn persons what they sofryd afore ther dethe and after ther dethe.
1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) i. 29 Thou gadrest and made many bokes out of holy scripture.
1562 Turner (title) A Book of the natures and properties..of the bathes in England..Germany and Italy..gathered by William Turner Doctor of Physik.
a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 40 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) What Bale hath formerly written, I find he hath gathered out of Vincentius, Antoninus [and others].
1677 G. Miege New Dict. French & Eng. ii. sig. Vv/2 He gathered his lights from the most impartial authority's.
6. Of material objects: to be the means of bringing together or accumulating; to receive addition of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > gather in one mass or form lumps > accumulate > be the means of accumulating
gather?c1225
to pick up1843
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 110 Flesch wið uten salt gedereð wurmes.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xiii. xxiii. 455 The see gadryth aboue a fome of smytynge and betynge of wawes.
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 35 Standing streames geather filth; flowing riuers, are euer sweet.
1611 Bible (King James) Joel ii. 6 All faces shall gather blacknesse. View more context for this quotation
1670 Sir S. Crow in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 15 The silke sleizie and not Naples, which will soone grow rough, gather dust and sullie.
1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Bb2/3 To gather rust (or to grow rusty) as Steel and Iron does.
1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 131 Which the early-rising lass Climbs with milk-pail gathering cream.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xcix. 152 That beech will gather brown. View more context for this quotation
1885 Athenæum 23 May 669/1 The thick-standing trees gather golden and ruddy tints.
7. † b. in indirect passive. Obsolete.
a. To collect (money or other contributions) from a number of people. Now rare. Also absol. to make or take up a collection (obsolete exc. dialect).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > payment > contribution > contribute [verb (transitive)] > collect contributions
gather1389
collectc1875
1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 3 Which wardeins schul gadere þe qwarterage of bretheren & sustren.
c1394 P. Pl. Crede 189 Þouȝ þe tax of ten ȝer were trewly y-gadered.
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 24 Þei may neyther gaderyn here tythes, ne kepyn hem, ne fecchyn hem.
1532 Privy Purse Expenses Hen. VIII (1827) 257 Item the same daye paied to a woman that gathered for a Churche vijs. vjd.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 202 This yere sayth Fabian, the king gathered the sixt penny of all temporall mennes goodes..which was graunted vnto him in the aforesayd Parliament.
1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. ii. 171 Being vassals unto the king of Fez..out of which they yeerely gather ten thousand duckats.
1668 S. Pepys Diary 12 Jan. (1976) IX. 21 While the Sexton was gathering to his box, to which I did give 5s.
1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes iv. 167 This Law..enabled the Clergy to gather and recover Tithes.
1896 F. M. T. Palgrave List Words & Phrases Hetton-le-Hole Gather, make a collection (‘gathering’) in money.
ΚΠ
c1592 C. Marlowe Jew of Malta ii. ii Hoping to see them..gather'd for in our Synagogue.
1615 Bp. J. King Serm. 57 (T.) Few Sundays come over our head, but decayed householders or shipwrackt merchants are gathered for.
8. To collect or summon up (one's energies); to gain or recover (breath, etc.). Also to gather oneself (together).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (reflexive)] > collect one's energies
to gather oneself (together)1470
to draw together1856
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > carry on vigorously [verb (transitive)] > summon up (one's energies)
gather1470
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xiv. vi Thenne he dyd of his helme for to gadre wynde, for he was gretely enchafed with the serpente.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 561/1 I gather my spyrites to me, as one dothe that hath maters layde to his charge.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 561/1 I gather myselfe togyther as a man doth whan he intendeth to shewe his strength.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 9860 All the grekes with grem gedret þere herttes.
1545 Act 37 Hen. VIII c. 17 §2 The People gathereth Heart and Presumption to do Evil.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vi. sig. Fv The luckelesse lucky mayd..Long time with that saluage people stayd, To gather breath in many miseryes.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 112 While I was thus gathering Strength.
1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess i. 8 He had fa'en aswoon..But howsomever in a little wee Himsel he gathers, and begins to see.
1850 N. Hawthorne Scarlet Let. xvii. 230 He had almost gone by, before Hester..could gather voice enough to attract his observation.
9. To collect or acquire by way of increase; to gain. †to gather ground: to gain ground, make progress. to gather head: to acquire strength; also, to swell as a festering sore. to gather way: ‘to begin to feel the impulse of the wind on the sails, so as to obey the helm’ (Adm. Smyth).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)]
wadeOE
agoOE
forthganga1000
forthgoOE
syeOE
kenc1275
to-stepc1275
vaunce1303
forthnima1325
passc1330
throc1330
forthpass1382
to pass forthc1384
to carry forthc1390
proceedc1392
to go alongc1400
to be forthwardc1430
get) groundc1436
to set onc1450
avauntc1460
pretend1481
to make way1490
advance?1507
to get forward1523
promove1570
to rid ground (also space)1572
to rid (the) way1581
progressa1586
to gather grounda1593
to make forth1594
to make on1597
to work up1603
perge1607
to work one's (also its) way1609
to pass on1611
to gain ground1625
to make its way1645
vadea1660
propagate1700
to gain one's way1777
further1789
to pull up1829
on1840
to make (up) ground1921
the world > action or operation > manner of action > vigour or energy > act or do vigorously [verb (intransitive)] > gain vigour or strength
prevaila1398
convailc1500
to gather heada1593
liven1739
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > suppurate [verb (intransitive)] > come to head
mature?a1425
to gather heada1593
beal1611
ripen1653
gather1804
point1876
the world > relative properties > quantity > sufficient quantity, amount, or degree > abundance > make abundant [verb (transitive)] > accumulate or get a large amount of
heapc1000
amass1481
accumulatec1487
exaggerate1533
pilec1540
gathera1593
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > progress or advance in an action [verb (intransitive)] > make progress or advance (of action or operation)
fremec1000
furtherc1200
profit1340
to go onc1449
grow1487
to commence to, intoa1500
framea1529
to get ground?1529
movec1540
work1566
promove1570
advance1577
devolve1579
to come on1584
progress1612
to gain ground1625
germinate1640
proceed1670
to gather ground1697
march1702
to make its way1711
to come forward1722
develop1744
to turn a wheel1864
shape1865
come1899
a1593 C. Marlowe Edward II (1594) sig. E Meane time my lord of Penbrooke and my selfe Will to Newcastell heere, and gather head.
1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 (2nd issue) iii. i. 71 The time wil come, that foule sin gathering head, Shall breake into corruption. View more context for this quotation
1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. ii. 21 No snow-ball ever gathered greatnesse so fast by rolling, as his Forces increased by marching forward.
1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. iv. 178 Then to gather Vent (as they call it) they straiten the Vault, and wall part of it up; so that the Ayr..gathers in strength, and runs more swiftly.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 631 As Ev'ning Mist..o're the marish glides, And gathers ground fast at the Labourers heel. View more context for this quotation
1688 G. Miege Great French Dict. ii. sig. Bb2/3 To gather flesh, grossir.
1692 J. Dryden Eleonora 1 Soft whispers, first..rise..then, the sound Soon gathers voice, and spreads the news around.
1693 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Metamorphoses i, in Examen Poeticum 47 He gathers ground upon her in the chase.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 117 Till the Core be found, The secret Vice is fed, and gathers Ground. View more context for this quotation
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 373 As the descending fluid gathers velocity in its precipitation.
1832 Ld. Tennyson You ask me Why 13 Where faction seldom gathers head.
1866 R. M. Ballantyne Shifting Winds xiv. 148 A light breeze was blowing, and the ship..soon gathered way, and left the boat behind.
10. To collect (knowledge) by observation and reasoning; to infer, deduce, conclude. (= Latin colligere: cf. collect v. 5.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > process of inferring, inference > infer, conclude [verb (transitive)]
concludec1374
takec1400
to drive outc1443
drive1447
derive1509
reasona1527
deduce1529
include1529
infer1529
gather1535
deduct?1551
induce1563
pick1565
fetch1567
collect1581
decide1584
bring1605
to take up1662
1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale sig. C.viv Men gatherd that I denied the general resurreccion.
1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 70 For this muche I may gether by that I haue learned already, that [etc.].
1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 17 So farre as I gather by the substance of your letters.
1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 72 The Physiologist also may gather something from the former Observations, touching the nature of Colours.
1744 G. Berkeley Siris (ESTC T72826) §23 Pliny supposed amber to be a resin..which he gathered from its smell.
1816 T. Jefferson Writings (1830) IV. 297 I gather from his other works that he adopts the principle of Hobbes.
1893 Law Times 95 303/1 She..usually, as I gather from the evidence, associated her daughter's name with her own in her investments.
11.
a. To draw (a garment) into smaller compass; to contract (the brow) into wrinkles.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > forehead > [verb (transitive)] > contract or relax
knitc1405
strain1556
unknit1566
unpleat1572
unfret1594
unplaitc1595
smooth1597
uncontract1628
plait1642
to roll into ——1656
unbend1718
gather1790
knot1844
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 169 They gather the Vaile with their hands to cover all their faces, but onely the eyes.
1715 A. Pope Temple of Fame 24 Gath'ring his flowing Robe, he seem'd to stand, In Act to speak.
1790 R. Burns Tam o' Shanter 11 in Poems & Songs (1968) II. 557 Gathering her brows like gathering storm, Nursing her wrath to keep it warm.
1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid iv, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 191 Golden the clasp that gathers her shining robe to her side.
b. spec. To draw together or pucker (part of a dress) by means of a thread.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > tailoring or making clothes > tailor or make clothes [verb (transitive)] > gather
frouncea1533
gather1576
full1815
to set in1858
gauge1881
bunch1884
kilt1887
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > provide with clothing [verb (transitive)] > adjust or arrange > gather or pull in
gather1576
cinch1915
1576 G. Gascoigne Steele Glas sig. F.jv How ere their gownes, be gathred in the backe, With organe pipes.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. 169 They weare great large puffed breeches, gathered close above the knees.
1625 S. Purchas Pilgrimes ii. 1421 The women in Camienitz goe with their Coates close bodied, and the neather bodies gathered like a Frocke.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 109. ⁋4 You see, Sir, my Great Great Great Grandmother has on the new-fashioned Petticoat, except that the Modern is gather'd at the Waste.
1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. xiv. 275 A dress of rose-coloured satin..as full in the skirt as it could be gathered.
1875 L. S. Floyer Plain Needlework 20 It is wiser, if the space into which the gathers are set be more than three inches, to gather only half or quarter [etc.].
c. Architecture. To contract, close in or make narrower (a drain, chimney, etc.); also to gather over.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > make part narrower
gather1703
1703 [implied in: R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser 107 An apt falling-back of the Back, and convenient gathering of the Wings, and Brest of the Chimney. (at gathering n. 1c)].
1823 [implied in: P. Nicholson New Pract. Builder 585 Gathering of the wings, in a chimney. (at gathering n. 1c)].
1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 327/1 The flue is gathered over, or contracted to this size.
d. (See quot. 1557.)Apparently an isolated use.
ΚΠ
1557 Bible (Whittingham) 1 Cor. vii. 18 Is any man called beyng circumcised? let him not gather his vncircumcision. [Note, Which is, when the Surgeon by art draweth out the skyne to couer the part.]
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > walking > walk upon or tread [verb (transitive)] > put the feet together
gathera1693
a1693 M. Bruce Good News in Evil Times (1708) 26 If the Storms ye are meeting with make you not walk more evenly and gather your Feet, ye shall get a new Storm to scald you, until you..gather your Feet better.
13. technical.
a. Glass-making. To collect (a quantity of melted glass) on the end of the blowing-tube.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > glass-making > make glass [verb (transitive)] > specific processes
nip1559
scald1662
found1783
deliver1809
frit1832
gather1839
to wet off, up1849
marver1852
platten1875
matt1885
1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 581 The requisite ball of plastic glass is gathered..on the end of an iron tube.
1886 Proc. Royal Soc. 39 100 [Glass] maintained..at a temperature barely sufficient to admit of its being ‘gathered’.
b. To collect and place in their proper order according to signatures (the printed sheets of a book). Also absol.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > post-printing processes > [verb (transitive)] > collate
collation1656
gather1683
collate1770
1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 348 Thus he Gathers on, till one of all the Heaps Comes off... Having thus Gathered one Book, he Knocks it up.
14. = to gather on at sense 21.
ΚΠ
1834 J. Wilson in Blackwood's Mag. 36 2 Gathering the shore, lo, the Barge!
1834 J. Wilson in Blackwood's Mag. 36 7 We had not proceeded above a hundred yards, fast gathering the Shuffler, till we heard..loud cries.
15. In various phrases with adverbs †to gather off: to take off (a gown). to gather out: to select or pick out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > providing with clothing > undressing or removing clothing > undress or remove clothing [verb (transitive)] > take off clothing > specific garments
avalec1330
vailc1450
to gather offc1460
strip1607
unmufflea1652
to strip up1664
the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > types of choice > choose in specific way [verb (transitive)] > select from a number or for a purpose
markOE
to choose out1297
out-trya1325
cullc1330
welec1330
try1340
walea1350
coil1399
drawa1400
to mark outa1450
electa1513
sorta1535
prick1536
exempta1538
select1567
sort1597
to gather out1611
single1629
delibate1660
to cut out1667
outlooka1687
draught1714
draft1724
to tell off1727
c1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 957 Than his gowne ye gadir of, or garment of his estate.
1611 Bible (King James) Isa. lxii. 10 Cast vp the high way, gather out the stones. View more context for this quotation
1875 H. E. Manning Internal Mission of Holy Ghost i. 10 The world will go on until the last of that number has been gathered out and made perfect for the kingdom of God.
16. to gather up v.figurative.1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 71 Howbeit, in the ende he lost not much: but after his great losses gathered uppe his crummes pretily well by little and little.† e. To chide, reprove (Latin corripere). Obsolete.
a. To pick up (from the ground).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > lift or take up > from the ground or a low position
uptakea1300
to pick upc1330
win up1362
to gather upa1400
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 13241 Pouder or bone þat þai fand þare, þai gedrid vp, and wid þaim bare.
c1480 (a1400) St. John Evangelist 156 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 113 Small stanis of þe sand he gadderit vpe in-to his hand.
1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 48 That I might gather up the gleanings of my labours, and sende money to Rome.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 188 The wearied foote cast away their Armes, which those of the Country gathered up.
1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 286 What pearl is it..That learning is too proud to gather up.
1841 C. Dickens Old Curiosity Shop ii. xlvi. 49 The schoolmaster took the child..and bidding the old man gather up her little basket..bore her away.
b. To draw together, bring into smaller compass; to draw up (the limbs or person): in immaterial sense, to sum up, summarize. In agriculture: to plough a ridge in such a way that the earth is turned over towards the highest part of it.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > reduce in size or extent [verb (transitive)] > contract or shrink
inknitc1374
drawc1390
shrinka1398
strain1398
to shorten up1530
contrahe1540
to gather up1553
to draw in1572
contract1604
constringe1652
purse1668
constrain1697
undistend1868
collapse1908
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > plough (of person) [verb (intransitive)] > methods of turning furrow
to gather up1762
split1808
to cut and cover1839
back-furrow1855
society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > summarize or abridge [verb (transitive)]
abrevya1325
comprehendc1369
abridgec1384
shorta1390
suma1398
abbreviate?a1475
shorten1530
to cut short?1542
curtail1553
to knit up1553
to wind up1583
clip1598
epitomize1599
brief1601
contract1604
to shut up1622
decurt1631
to sum up1642
breviate1663
curtilate1665
compendize1693
epitomate1702
to gather up1782
summarize1808
scissor1829
précis1856
to cut down1857
to boil down1880
synopsize1882
essence1888
résumé1888
short copy1891
bovrilize1900
pot1927
summate1951
capsulize1958
profile1970
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > plough (land) [verb (transitive)] > methods of turning furrow
ribble1764
slit1766
split1844
to gather up1846
back-furrow1855
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Lvj Thei came into such a tempeste, that they were enforsed to gather vppe theyr sayles.
1607 G. Markham Cavelarice ii. 48 It correcteth if when hee will not gether vp his hinder partes, you giue him a good Iert or two.
1616 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals II. iii. 72 A greene silke frock..Which at her middle gath'red vp in pleats, A loue-knot Girdle willing bondage threats.
1677 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation (ed. 2) iv. 68 Within two foot of the bottom of the Rod there is..a Winde to turn with a Barrel, to gather up the Line and loose it at pleasure.
1686 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation (ed. 3) v. 57 You may there gallop him..to teach him to lay out his Body, and to gather up his Legs.
1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. ii. xiv. 253 At the next ploughing this may be reversed, the ridge in the middle of the field gathered up, and the plough go round and round the ridge till the whole field is ploughed.
1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 255 But now, to gather up what seems dispers'd..May prove..Best for the public.
1832 R. Lander & J. Lander Jrnl. Exped. Niger II. xi. 146 Their legs, which had before been stretched out carelessly and comfortably..were now gathered up under them.
1846 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 7 i. 56 They have thus for centuries continued to gather up the land. They gather up twice and split once.
1846 R. C. Trench Christ Desire of All Nations i. 2 Such appears to me the title, which will best gather up and present at a single glance..the subject.
1891 E. Peacock Narcissa Brendon II. 377 She gathered herself up in a manner seldom seen off the boards of a third-rate theatre.
c. To compose (the features) into an expression.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > appearance or aspect > have (specific) appearance [verb (transitive)] > assume specific facial appearance or expression
to make up1652
to gather up1712
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 269. ¶10 Gathering up his Countenance into a more than ordinary Seriousness, Tell me truly, says he.
1833 C. Lamb Ellistoniana in Last Ess. Elia 41 Gathering up his features into one significant mass of wonder, pity [etc.].
d. To collect or summon up (one's thoughts, strength, etc.) for an effort. Also reflexive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person > a person or his attributes for an effort
before-girda1382
gird1592
muster1598
to wind up1602
to gather up1617
stringa1771
screw1821
clench1842
the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > [verb (transitive)] > summon one's resolution
findOE
muster1598
to muster up1628
to call forth1802
to gather up1847
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 41 Wee gathering up strength went on.
a1626 J. Fletcher & W. Rowley Maid in Mill iii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Bbbbv/1 Will you gather up your wits a little And hear me?
1644 W. Laud Wks. (1854) IV. 369 I confess I was a little troubled. But after I had gathered up myself and looked up to God, I went on to the business of the day.
1847 L. Hunt Men, Women, & Bks. I. iii. 40 It only made him gather up his determination.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lviii. 527 Mr. Sedley started up, shaking a great deal, and gathering up his thoughts.
1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. viii. 269 I have never been able..to gather myself up against the national guilt of war, seeing that such men were made by the discipline of it.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)]
threac897
threapc897
begripea1000
threata1000
castea1200
chaste?c1225
takec1275
blame1297
chastya1300
sniba1300
withnima1315
undernima1325
rebukec1330
snuba1340
withtakea1340
reprovec1350
chastisea1375
arate1377
challenge1377
undertake1377
reprehenda1382
repreync1390
runta1398
snapea1400
underfoc1400
to call to account1434
to put downc1440
snebc1440
uptakec1440
correptc1449
reformc1450
reprise?c1450
to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own1450
control1451
redarguec1475
berisp1481
to hit (cross) one over (of, on) the thumbs1522
checkc1530
admonish1541
nip1548
twig?1550
impreve1552
lesson1555
to take down1562
to haul (a person) over the coals1565
increpate1570
touch1570
school1573
to gather up1577
task1580
redarguate?1590
expostulate1592
tutor1599
sauce1601
snip1601
sneap1611
to take in tax1635
to sharp up1647
round1653
threapen1671
reprimand1681
to take to task1682
document1690
chapter1693
repulse1746
twink1747
to speak to ——1753
haul1795
to pull up1799
carpet1840
rig1841
to talk to1860
to take (a person) to the woodshed1882
rawhide1895
to tell off1897
to tell (someone) where he or she gets off1900
to get on ——1904
to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908
strafe1915
tick1915
woodshed1935
to slap (a person) down1938
sort1941
bind1942
bottle1946
mat1948
ream1950
zap1961
elder1967
1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. ii. i. 52 The ladie Wake..hearing the king hir cousine to gather vp the bishop so roundlie..dooth presentlie picke a quarrell against him.
f. to gather up the threads: to resume the story, argument, or the like.
II. intransitive (chiefly = reflexive uses of I.).† 18. † b. Of a hawk: (perhaps) to ‘gather itself’ (cf. sense 8), address itself to flight. Obsolete.
17. Of persons: To come together into one place or assembly; to congregate, assemble.
ΚΠ
a891 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker MS.) 879 Þy geare gegadrode on [? read an] hloþ wicenga.
a1079 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (MS. D.) ann. 1052 Þæt landfolc him on gean gaderode.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14619 Þar bigan þai for to rute And for to gadir him a-bute.
c1440 Generydes 2917 Anon withall thei gaderid on the playn.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. TTTiiiiv Howe..all the garyson of the knyghtes and tormentors gathered about hym.
1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David iii. iv I will not be afraid, Though legions round be laide Which all against me gather.
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Esdras viii. 91 There gathered vnto him from Ierusalem, a very great multitude of men, and women, and children. View more context for this quotation
1713 J. Addison Cato iv. iv See where the corps of thy dead son approaches! The citizens and senators, alarm'd, Have gather'd round it, and attend it weeping.
1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xiii. 275 His old soldiers were known to be gathering round him.
1894 J. T. Fowler in St. Adamnan Vita S. Columbae Introd. 73 Having given his blessing to the monks who had gathered together.
a. Perhaps: to apply oneself to something. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > undertaking > undertake or set oneself to do [verb (intransitive)]
found12..
to take on (also upon) one(self)a1300
assay1330
study1340
to put (also lay, set, etc.) one's hand to the ploughc1384
intendc1385
pressc1390
to put oneself in pressc1390
gatherc1400
undertakec1405
sayc1425
to fall in hand with (also to do (something))c1450
setc1485
obligea1500
essay?1515
attend1523
supprise1532
to set in foot1542
enterprise1547
address1548
to set in hand1548
prove1612
to make it one's businessa1628
engage1646
embark1647
bend1694
to take hold1868
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 777 Þenneȝ gederez [MS reads gedereȝ] he to Gryngolet with þe gilt heleȝ.
c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 105 Þay..Gederen to þe gyde ropes, þe grete cloþ falles.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [verb (intransitive)] > actions of hawk, etc.
mutea1475
mutessa1475
to put overa1475
feat1508
to check at the fista1529
feakc1575
souse1589
to clip it1616
embowel1618
unenterpen1647
gather1674
enterpen1736
scatter1771
1674 N. Cox Gentleman's Recreation ii. 117 When a high-flying Hawk, being whistled to, gathers upwards to a great Gate, you must continue her therein.
19.
a. Of things: to collect, to come together in a mass; to form or increase by the coming together of material.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (intransitive)] > collect in one mass or body > accumulate
gather1390
heap?1507
aggregate1591
pile1616
to brook up1691
accumulate1757
cata1909
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 308 Hate is a wrathe nought shewend, But of long time gaderend.
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 308 A Male gathereth sooner and is sooner articulated.
1676 J. Dryden in G. Etherege Man of Mode Epil. 96 His bulky folly gathers as it goes, And, rolling o're you, like a Snow-ball growes.
1722 W. Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) II. vii. 18 Though darkness gather together on a heap.
1749 S. Johnson Vanity Human Wishes 5 The Dangers gather as the Treasures rise.
1825 W. Scott Talisman v, in Tales Crusaders IV. 91 It seemed as if a tear..were gathering in his..eye.
1827–35 N. P. Willis Child Tired of Play Twilight gathers, and day is done.
1860 J. W. Carlyle Lett. III. 71 One knows how a story gathers like a snowball.
b. To accumulate and come to a head, as purulent matter in the body. Hence, of a wound, a sore, a wounded finger, etc.: To develop a purulent swelling. Also to gather to a head (in quots. figurative).
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (intransitive)] > to highest degree > reach highest degree of increase
to grow to a head1579
to gather to a heada1616
to come to a head1655
culminatea1662
climax1882
to reach a crescendo1925
to top off1970
to top out1972
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > suppurate [verb (intransitive)] > come to head
mature?a1425
to gather heada1593
beal1611
ripen1653
gather1804
point1876
c1000 [implied in: Sax. Leechd. I. 300 Wið cyrnlu & wið ealle yfele gegaderunga, genim [etc.]. (at gathering n. 3)].
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) v. i. 1 Now do's my Proiect gather to a head . View more context for this quotation
1804 J. Abernethy Surg. Observ. 81 A redness took place superficially in the skin, which gathered and burst.
1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II I. ii. vi. 207 Religious troubles in France had been fast gathering to a head.
20.
a. To contract, to grow narrower (also to gather in).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > become reduced in size or extent [verb (intransitive)] > contract or shrink
shrimc1000
shrinkc1275
to draw togethera1398
gather1577
coact1578
to fall together1583
draw1615
contract1648
to run up1838
to take up1860
1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. i. i. f. 1/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Lyke vnto a Triangle,..being broadest in the South part, and gathering still narrower and narrower.
1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iv. xv. 395 The garret..was within the roofe: and so gathered in narrower than the roome below it. [Or does this belong to 11 c?]
b. To form folds or wrinkles. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > forehead > [verb (intransitive)] > contract or relax
frownc1386
frounce1532
to knit, bend one's brows1600
gather1816
knit1816
furrow1937
1816 P. B. Shelley Alastor 37 For, as fast years flow away, The smooth brow gathers, and the hair grows thin.
21. Nautical. To make way (towards an object). to gather on: to gain on or draw nearer to, in following. to gather into the wind: to sail nearer to the wind.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > direct or manage ship [verb (transitive)] > set a ship's course > sail closer to or towards
gather1577
1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. i. viii. f. 15v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I From hence wee cast about [sailing] gathering still towarde the Northeast.
a1608 F. Vere Comm. (1657) 29 I plied onely to windward..by that means gathering nearer to the fleet.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ix. 40 The longer your boords are, the more you worke or gather into the wind.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xii. 57 If you gather on him..hee will trie you before the wind.
1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship II. 250* A ship is said to gather on another, as she comes nearer to her.
22. Mechanics. Of the teeth of a cog-wheel, to gather in upon: to fit into. Also reflexive to gather itself into. Perhaps Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iii. 44 That the Teeth of the Worm wheel may gather themselves into the Grooves of the Worm in the Worm-spindle..the Teeth must be filed very square and smooth..which much helps the Teeth to gather in upon the Teeth of the Nut.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
> as lemmas
gather
b. esp. in to break (new) ground, to make progress in a new direction (see break v. Phrases 3c); to gain (also gather, get) ground: to advance, make progress; literal and figurative (see gain v.2 8, gather v. 9, get v. Phrases 2b); to give ground: to recede, retire (see give v. Phrases 1b); to lose ground: to fall back, decline (see lose v.1 3d); to make (up) ground, to make progress.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > move forward or advance [verb (intransitive)]
wadeOE
agoOE
forthganga1000
forthgoOE
syeOE
kenc1275
to-stepc1275
vaunce1303
forthnima1325
passc1330
throc1330
forthpass1382
to pass forthc1384
to carry forthc1390
proceedc1392
to go alongc1400
to be forthwardc1430
get) groundc1436
to set onc1450
avauntc1460
pretend1481
to make way1490
advance?1507
to get forward1523
promove1570
to rid ground (also space)1572
to rid (the) way1581
progressa1586
to gather grounda1593
to make forth1594
to make on1597
to work up1603
perge1607
to work one's (also its) way1609
to pass on1611
to gain ground1625
to make its way1645
vadea1660
propagate1700
to gain one's way1777
further1789
to pull up1829
on1840
to make (up) ground1921
society > armed hostility > defeat > be defeated [verb (intransitive)] > be driven back
to lose groundc1436
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > be forced back
to lose groundc1436
to leave place1487
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > backward movement > move backwards [verb (intransitive)] > retire, withdraw, or retreat
withdraw1297
recoilc1330
give place1382
arrear1399
to draw backa1400
resortc1425
adrawc1450
recedec1450
retraya1470
returna1470
rebut1481
wyke1481
umbedrawc1485
retreata1500
retract1535
retire1542
to give back1548
regress1552
to fall back?1567
peak1576
flinch1578
to fall offa1586
to draw off1602
to give ground1607
retrograde1613
to train off1796
to beat a retreat1861
to back off1938
the world > action or operation > adversity > be in adversity [verb (intransitive)] > fall from prosperous or thriving condition
afalleOE
wanec1000
fallOE
ebba1420
to go backward?a1425
to go down?1440
decay1483
sink?a1513
delapsea1530
reel1529
decline1530
to go backwards1562
rue1576
droop1577
ruina1600
set1607
lapse1641
to lose ground1647
to go to pigs and whistles1794
to come (also go) down in the world1819
to peg out1852
to lose hold, one's balance1877
to go under1879
toboggan1887
slip1930
to turn down1936
the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > progress or advance in an action [verb (intransitive)] > in something new
to break (new) ground1895
c1436 Libel Eng. Policy in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 188 Wylde Yrishe so muche of grounde have gotyne There upon us.
c1436 Libel Eng. Policy in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 189 In that land..we lesse every yere More grounde and more.
?1529 S. Fish Supplicacyon for Beggers sig. A3 The Turke..shulde neuer be abill to get so moche grounde of cristendome.
1576 A. Fleming tr. C. Plinius Novocomensis in Panoplie Epist. 254 To outrunne the ringleader, and thereby to gett ground.
1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster Famous Hist. Thomas Wyat sig. Ev They come, no man giue ground..Be Englishmen and berd them to their faces.
1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 6 To deale plainly with you, you have lost some ground at Court by it.
1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant i. 111 Though we beat and tack'd to and agen till the evening, we gained no ground.
a1776 R. James Diss. Fevers (1778) 53 He sweated profusely and the delirium began to give ground.
1804 W. Tennant Indian Recreat. (ed. 2) I. 39 A more independent spirit..is daily gaining ground among that class of men.
1870 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 VII. lxxiii. 170 They were steadily losing ground in the war.
1895 E. C. Brewer Dict. Phrase & Fable (rev. ed.) 557/2 To break ground, to be the first to commence a project, etc.; to take the first step in an undertaking.
1906 H. C. Wyld Hist. Study Mother Tongue v. 94 Those tendencies..which are peculiar to the individual, and which are not shared by the community, will not gain ground, but will be eliminated.
1921 Granta 30 Nov. The local side again and again made ground galore with long kicks down wind.
1928 Nation & Athenæum 7 Jan. 537/2 Montesquieu..had been the first to break the new ground.
1931 F. L. Allen Only Yesterday ix. 229 Theodore Dreiser, Willa Cather,..the Imagists and exponents of free verse had been breaking new ground since before the war.
1932 Sunday Express 3 July 22/7 Udaipur is gradually making up ground on the colts in Butters' stable.
1954 G. D. H. Cole Hist. Socialist Thought II. xiii. 362 Communities breaking new ground were in constant danger of becoming the prey of fraudulent financiers and bankers.
1954 A. S. C. Ross in Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 55 45 Posh ‘smart’ is essentially non-U, but recently, it has gained ground among schoolboys of all classes.
1966 Listener 10 Mar. 345/2 I've had to break new ground in all directions in order to say them.
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n.11555
n.21530
v.c725as lemmas