geneticadj.
/dʒᵻˈnɛtɪk/, U.S. /dʒəˈnɛdɪk/ 1.
a. Of or relating to origin or development.
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the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [adjective] > having reference to origin
genetic1750
genetical1759
genesic1847
1750 J. Towers tr. R. Cumberland Philos. Enq. Laws Nature iii. viii. 532 The Mind of Man..investigates and traces out this Common Good of all, both in a (Genetic, i.e. a) Synthetic and an Analytic Order [L. hoc bonum prosequitur ordine tam genetico, quam analytico].
1800 T. Churchill tr. J. G. Herder Outl. Philos. Hist. Man 166 Complexions run into each other: forms follow the genetic character [Ger. die Bildungen dienen dem genetischen Charakter].
1831 T. Carlyle in Foreign Q. Rev. Oct. 351 Our theories and genetic Histories of Poetry should henceforth cease.
1860 G. P. Marsh Lect. Eng. Lang. 281 In a historical sketch of the genetic development of the parts of speech, we should naturally begin with the Interjection.
1870 F. M. Müller Sci. Relig. (1873) 143 The only scientific and truly genetic classification of religions.
1870 Nature 23 June 149/1 The berberry-rust and the wheat-rust are two different stages in the genetic cycle of Puccinia graminis.
1878 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. (ed. 2) iii. v. §3. 481 Regarded in a genetic aspect, the spinal cord is a series of cemented segments.
1949 J. S. Joffe ABC of Soils 351 In the genetic classification, the recognized variations in the properties and characteristics of the zonal soil types..are used in separating new groups of soils.
1968 Amer. Anthropologist 70 1182/1 The relationship among the Indic and other ancient Indo-European manifestations of social and supernatural tripartition is a genetic one.
1999 M. Mithun Langs. Native N. Amer. vi. 300 The determination of genetic relationship in linguistics involves the identification of similarities among languages that are too systematic and pervasive to be due to borrowing or chance.
b. Biology. Of or relating to common evolutionary origin or ancestry.
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the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [adjective] > descent from common ancestor
pure1569
truly1650
thoroughbred1719
thorough-blood1774
monogeneous1857
genetic1860
monogenous1866
homogenetic1870
homogenetical1870
homogenous1870
monophyletic1874
clean-bred1882
homodemic1883
homophylic1883
homosystemic1883
line-bred1891
synepigonic1904
cladistic1960
1860 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 150 578 Hence I cannot regard the remarkable development of the supplemental skeleton in Calcarina as affording any disproof of the idea of its genetic relationship to Rotalia.
1872 C. Darwin Origin of Species (ed. 6) iv. 101 If this had occurred, we should meet with the same form, independently of genetic connection, recurring in widely separated geological formations.
1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 373 There is no direct genetic relation between those fishes.
1910 New Phytologist 9 334 This resemblance led Miss Sargant to believe in a real genetic connexion between Eranthis and Anemarrhena.
2001 Micropaleontology 47 Suppl. 10/1 He pointed out that Loftusia, which are highly evolved forms, do not have a genetic affinity with Praealveolina.
c. Of or involving the academic study of the origin, context, and development of a cultural phenomenon in order to inform a critical understanding of it; (Literary Criticism) of or involving the analysis of writers' manuscripts, notes, correspondences, etc., to form a critical view of the text concerned, esp. in genetic criticism. Cf. geneticism n. 1.
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the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > humanistic studies > [adjective] > relating to culture > specific type of analysis
genetic1880
society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > [adjective] > types of literary criticism
genetic1880
intertextual1904
form-historical1928
form-critical1933
New Critical1945
Leavisite1946
Leavisian1947
Arnoldian1953
post-structural1961
post-structuralist1967
Barthesian1971
Derridean1973
narratological1975
deconstructive1977
new historicist1985
1880 M. S. Phelps tr. R. Eucken Fund. Concepts Mod. Philos. Thought 163 We should not overlook the fact that the genetic method, as it includes all the problems involved in the concept of development, can also be interpreted in all the different forms which developments has assumed.
1927 Econ. Hist. Rev. 1 29 This is a study of economic history from the genetic approach, a study of the genesis of institutions, habits and innovations, as they are being born and reborn.
1933 M. Schütze Acad. Illusions in Field of Lett. & Arts 52 Herder has laid the foundations not only of modern cultural history, but of modern genetic criticism of poetry, the arts, and the humanities generally.
1991 Jrnl. Amer. Hist. 78 226 She begins by offering a genetic model for understanding primary sources as products of activity.
2002 M. Eliade Ethical Joyce iv. 115 Interpreting Joyce's reflections on family relations in this final text, a genetic approach is particularly illuminating because of its ‘Joycean’ insistence on texts as dynamic and because of the way it interweaves art and life; in a sense genetic criticism is textual biography.
2. Generative; productive. Also: progenerative, reproductive. Now rare.
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the world > existence and causation > creation > productiveness > [adjective]
bearinglOE
fruitfula1300
plenteousc1325
fructuousa1382
birthful?c1475
fertile1481
broodya1522
yielding1556
foisonous1570
procreant1588
generative1597
yieldy1598
childing1600
seedful1605
thankful1610
foisonable1613
prolifical1615
fecundous1630
feracious1637
prolific1653
fetiferous1654
floriferous1656
productive1672
fœtant1678
spawning1682
uberousa1706
populous?1789
productible1830
grateful1832
resultful1833
genetic1838
tumid1840
polyphorous1858
generant1875
proliferent1920
1838 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 44 242 It points to a genetic or creative power.
1865 J. R. Lowell Thoreau in N. Amer. Rev. Oct. 600 Above all, there is the standard of genetic power, the test of the masculine as distinguished from the receptive minds.
1884 Expositor Dec. 464 This view of faith..assigns to it a genetic energy adequate to the production of the rich and manifold results of the Christian life.
1898 F. Galton Let. 30 Nov. in K. Pearson Life, Lett., & Labours F. Galton (1930) III. 506 Two words occur to me as worth consideration:—‘Progenic Selection’ (I won't say Pre-progenic), ‘Genetic Selection’ (I won't say Hyper-genetic).
1899 K. Pearson in Proc. Royal Soc. 64 163 Mr. Galton has kindly provided me with ‘genetic’ and ‘proliferal’ selection. The term is used to describe the selection of predominant types owing to the different grades of reproductivity being inherited, and without the influence of a differential death-rate.
1910 K. Pearson in Biometrika 7 369 I began with the conception that fertility would be found to be a markedly hereditary character; I expected to find genetic selection masking or even reversing natural selection.
3. Biology. Of or relating to genes or genetics; determined by genes.
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the world > life > biology > study > [adjective] > genetics
genetic1907
genetical1910
1907 W. Bateson in Science 15 Nov. 652/2 I have a rare opportunity of speaking to a great school of cytologists, who must, sooner or later, become the colleagues of us breeders in the attack on genetic problems.
1927 Amer. Mercury Nov. 258/2 The relation between the bodily characters of parent and offspring depends..upon their genetic constitutions—the genes which they carried in their germ cells.
1936 Discovery May 161/1 Recently attention has been paid to..the interaction of genes with, what may be termed, the genetic environment.
1941 J. S. Huxley Uniqueness of Man ii. 42 One and the same genetic outfit will give different effects in different environments.
1955 Bull. Atomic Scientists Jan. 5/1 The long-range genetic danger of exposure..to low-level, but widespread and persistent radioactivity..is only beginning to be dimly perceived.
1963 Times 12 Jan. 8/1 New experiments have suggested that viruses may, in effect, be genes or ‘genetic messengers’, the report says.
1975 Nature 4 Dec. 462/3 Even if an observed difference is genetic it does not mean that a trait cannot be altered substantially by an appropriate environmental change.
1982 R. K. French Hist. Virtues Cyder 79 It is possible that the genetic shake-up at each fertilization of popular varieties, although not perpetuating the varieties, nevertheless produced among their offspring natural groups of fruit.
1983 Daily Tel. 11 Mar. 8/7 The ethics committee..allowed the donation of eggs from one woman to another provided both remained anonymous so that there could be no argument between the genetic mother and the rearing mother.
1990 W. Wasserstein Bachelor Girl in Bachelor Girls 145 There is profound sadness and regret in our acknowledging the existence of a force—be it chemical, happenstantial, or genetic—that is beyond our control.
1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) vii. iii. 269/1 Some of the commonest genetic abnormalities—such as achondroplastic dwarfism and myotonic dystrophy—are inherited as dominant alleles.
1999 BBC Vegetarian Good Food Apr. 72/3 Professor David Skuse..has discovered that women really are better at reading social situations, and that this ability is genetic.
2003 B. Bryson Short Hist. Nearly Everything (2004) xix. 358 A tiny bundle of genetic material passed from one living entity to another, and has never stopped moving since.
Compounds
C1. (In sense 1.)
genetic algorithm n. Computing an evolutionary algorithm; esp. one in which the possible solutions are handled in a numerically coded form.
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1973 SIAM Jrnl. on Computing 2 88 (title) Genetic algorithms and the optimal allocation of trials.
1992 Sci. Amer. July 44/3 During the next decade, I worked to extend the scope of genetic algorithms by creating a genetic code that could represent the structure of any computer program.
1996 Independent 18 Mar. ii. 7/1 Genetic algorithms rely on two elements: a means of combining programs to produce new ones, and a means of measuring those new programs' fitness for their intended tasks.
genetic definition n. Logic definition of a thing in terms of its origin, formation, or antecedents; an instance of this.
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the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > philosophy of language > meaning > [noun] > definition
nominal definition1697
genetic definitiona1856
ostensive definition1921
ostension1939
stipulative definition1950
a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1860) IV. xxiv. 13 In Genetic Definitions the defined subject is considered as in the progress to be, as becoming (γιγνομενον) the notion, therefore, has to be made, and is the result of the definition, which is consequently synthetic, that is, places in the predicate or defining member more than is given in the subject or member defined.
1884 tr. H. Lotze Logic 167 ‘Let a straight line revolve in one plane about one of its extremities, and combine the successive positions of the other extremity’:—that is a genetic definition of a circle.
1958 Rev. Politics 20 94 Thirdly, that the present behavior of objects could be explained in terms of their antecedents, that is, by genetic definition.
1993 N. Callaos & B. de Callaos in C. M. Reigeluth et al. Comprehensive Syst. Design 122 The causal definition, also called genetic definition, produces the reality designated by the ‘definiendum’.
genetic fallacy n. the fallacy of judging the value of something, or the truth of a belief, by its origin.
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the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > logical argument > [noun] > logical fallacy > other types of fallacy
ignoratio elenchi1559
fallacy of (the) accident1568
fallacy of division?1582
amphiboly1588
amphibology1589
equivocation1605
dominative argument1656
fallacy of the heapa1774
illicit process1827
obscurum per obscurius1842
genetic fallacy1904
type-fallacy1935
1904 J. M. Baldwin in Psychol. Rev. 11 41 The treatment of mind as real and body as subjective, when the very progression in which mind is found as real guarantees mind only in a dualism with real body..is the ‘genetic fallacy’—confusing the terms of different genetic progressions.
1934 M. R. Cohen & E. Nagel Introd. Logic xix. 388 (heading) The genetic fallacy.
1941 Mind 50 386 The ‘scientific method of interpreting Spinoza's philosophy’ must avoid both the ‘normative fallacy’ and the ‘genetic fallacy’.
1959 I. G. MacCaffrey Paradise Lost as ‘Myth’ 210 Milton never committed the genetic fallacy which claims that good and evil are rendered indistinguishable when they are seen to have a common source.
1965 Philosophy 40 351 To commit a Genetic Fallacy, the fallacy of supposing that an opinion is discredited when its causal origins are revealed.
genetic psychology n. now historical developmental psychology.
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the mind > mental capacity > psychology > interdisciplinary psychology > [noun] > genetic psychology
genetic psychology1879
psychogenetics1948
1879 tr. E. Haeckel Freedom in Sci. & Teaching 104 How little Du Bois-Reymond is acquainted with the facts of comparative and genetic psychology.
1909 W. M. Urban Valuation iii. 72 How such presuppositions arise is..a problem of genetic psychology.
1988 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 101 286 Since its inception as a specialization within the discipline, developmental psychology—or, as it was initially termed, ‘genetic psychology’..—has been dominated by a biological model of change.
genetic spiral n. Botany the line joining successive points of insertion in a spiral pattern of phyllotaxis.
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1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 169 A line is imagined proceeding..in such a direction that, traversing the axis..it includes the points of insertion of all the successive lateral members according to their age; the horizontal projection of this line is called the Genetic Spiral; in reality it is a helix running round the stem more or less regularly.
1928 Amer. Naturalist 62 220 Quincuncial [leaf arrangement], i.e. the sixth leaf immediately above the first, the genetic spiral passing twice around the stem between the first and sixth.
1996 New Phytologist 132 200/2 All patterns are claimed to be derived from a set of multijugate patterns subcategorized by their jugacy J:J representing the number of genetic spirals and/or the number of leaf primordia at the same level on the apex.
C2. (In sense 3.)
a. General attributive, as genetic make-up, genetic manipulation, genetic test, genetic testing, genetic variation, etc.
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1914 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 205 439 Genetic variation has not been detectable, as is shown by the fact that individuals [sc. cladocerans] do not resemble their parents any more closely than they do their great-grand-parents.
1930 R. A. Fisher Genetical Theory Nat. Selection ii. 46 The rate of increase of fitness of any species is equal to the genetic variance in fitness.
1951 Brittonia 7 229 The young science of genetics..has..opened to us the field of genetic manipulation as an adjunct to descriptive characterization.
1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) xx. 341 The letters illustrate the genetic make-up (genotype) of each plant concerned.
1963 E. Mayr Animal Species & Evol. xiv. 421 The entire breeding system of outbreeders is so organized as to accumulate and preserve genetic variation.
1987 G. Bear Forge of God (1988) 141 The Guest is an artificial being, perhaps the product of centuries of genetic manipulation combined with complex bioelectronics.
1990 New Republic 9 July 25/1 Right now only a few genetic tests are used by expectant mothers—for Down's syndrome, Tay-Sachs disease, etc.
1995 C. Carter Truth is out There 147 ‘If you release Eugene Tooms, he will kill again,’ Mulder futilely insists. ‘It's in his genetic makeup.’
2004 H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) xiii. 274 The practice of taking samples for genetic testing without consent is growing.
b. Of abnormalities, conditions, etc., determined or controlled by genes, as genetic defect, genetic disease, genetic disorder, genetic mutation.
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1915 Biol. Bull. 29 260 The general appearance and weak vitality of these forms, however point to the conclusion that Jennings was dealing with a weakened pathological race and not a genetic mutation.
1922 Lancet 17 June 1197/1 For stress and strain to result in insanity there must be organic genetic defect also.
1965 G. Beadle Genes, Culture, & Man in Y. Cohen Man In Adaptation (1968) i i. 17/2 The circumvention of genetic disease by nongenetic methods is called euphenics.
1967 Jrnl. Pediatrics 70 398 A new oculocerebral syndrome with hypopigmentation..Since no cases have been reported with a similar combination of findings, this family is believed to represent a ‘new’ genetic disorder.
1973 N. Freedman Joshua 84 Twenty-five percent of patients are hospitalized with genetic diseases, which include sickle-cell anemia, cancer, heart disease..and scoliosis.
1989 E. Lawrence Guide Mod. Biol. iv. 131 The techniques are at present not sufficiently reliable to be applied to in vitro fertilized early human embryos to correct genetic defects.
1995 C. Sagan Demon-haunted World xxiii. 398 Watson and Crick weren't imagining the cure of genetic diseases when they puzzled over the X-ray diffractometry of DNA.
1996 Hope Mag. July–Aug. 26 Trisomy-18 is a rare genetic disorder that is characterized by an extra eighteenth chromosome.
2005 N.Y. Times 13 Feb. 25/4 Some [AIDS sufferers] have genetic mutations that disable the receptors on the outside of the CD-4 immune system cells to which the virus attaches.
2005 G. Blunt Blackfly Season xix. 129 His eyes had some kind of genetic defect, with almost pigmentless irises.
c.
genetic blueprint n. the gene for a protein, or the genome of a whole organism, conceived as a precise set of instructions for its generation and development.
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1951 Radio-electronic Engin. Aug. 5/1 Humans are a function of their genetic blueprint plus their environment.
1973 N. Freedman Joshua 27 He'd also been working on the assumption that deoxyribonucleic acid held the genetic blueprint.
1995 J. Shreeve Neandertal Enigma (1996) iii. 60 In 1986..an Oxford geneticist named James Wainscoat focused on a particular region of the beta-globin gene, the genetic blueprint for the blood protein hemoglobin.
2005 Nature 23 June 1022/1 This ancestor of all animals, known as the urmetazoan, would have needed a genetic blueprint for its structure or body plan.
genetic code n. the means by which DNA and RNA carry genetic information, consisting of triplets of nucleotides which specify particular amino acids for protein synthesis (cf. triplet code n. at triplet n. Compounds 2); the complete sequence of such information relating to a particular organism; also in extended use and figurative.
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1958 Nature 12 July 112/1 (title) A possible mechanism for the initial transfer of the genetic code from deoxyribonucleic acid to ribonucleic acid.
1976 F. J. Ayala Molecular Evol. ii. 12 Substitutions in the DNA nucleotide sequence of a structural gene may result in changes in the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide encoded by the gene, although this is not always the case because of the degeneracy of the genetic code.
1994 New Scientist 29 Jan. 30/1 One flourishing school, known as ‘social constructionism’, compares ways of thought in different societies and at different times in history to show how language acts as a ‘genetic code’ for the beliefs and customs of a culture.
2000 Sci. News 29 Apr. 286/1 With comparative genomics, scientists match up the complete genetic code of one organism to the code of a second organism, rather than doing a piecemeal comparison of snippets.
2001 Brill's Content Apr. 93/1 One of the things that is written into the genetic code of public broadcasting is that local autonomy would rule.
2003 R. Dawkins Devil's Chaplain i. 28 The genetic code is truly digital, in exactly the same sense as computer codes.
genetic counselling n. the provision of advice about genetic defects and disorders, esp. to prospective parents at risk of having an affected child.
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the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [noun] > advising or guidance > as an occupation > types of counselling
guidance1927
genetic counselling1949
1949 Science 26 Aug. 208/2 Genetic counseling is largely devoted to individual problems.
1970 Guardian 8 May 3/7 Most couples who seek genetic counselling come after they have had one or more defective children.
1988 F. Weldon Leader of Band vi. 39 Separated from her husband, pregnant with twins and in genetic counselling.
genetic counsellor n. a person who provides genetic counselling.
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the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [noun] > adviser or counsellor > as an occupation
adviser1877
counsellor1940
genetic counsellor1952
agony auntie1972
agony aunt1974
1952 Amer. Jrnl. Human Genetics 4 339 If the genetic counselor is to advise the couple as to whether they should have more children or not, he must consider all the psychological, social, and economic factors he can find out about.
1993 New Scientist 24 July 39/1 Genetic counsellors can provide information about the three most common forms of trisomy (standard, mosaic and translocation).
genetic determinism n. the determination of a process or effect by genes; spec. the attribution of sole or excessive importance to genes in the determination of intelligence, behaviour, development, etc.
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1934 Jrnl. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 29 Suppl. 63 Even if one were to admit a certain measure of non-specificity in environment, that will not justify the conclusion of genetic determinism in ontogenetic development.
1966 Science 10 June 1472/2 The evidence showed that in both cases protein synthesis is subject to a double genetic determinism: on the one hand, by structural genes..; on the other hand, by regulatory genes.
1990 E. Harth Dawn of Millennium iv. 68 The political right stands for genetic determinism, convinced that the laws of inheritance bestow upon some of us superior intelligence and moral rectitude and condemn others to mediocrity or worse.
2001 Daily Tel. 9 Feb. 17/6 Prof Collins gave a warning against genetic determinism, the mistaken belief that all human characteristics can be boiled down to DNA.
genetic drift n. change in gene frequencies; esp. random fluctuation in gene frequencies in a small breeding population.
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1940 H. J. Muller in J. Huxley New Systematics 216 It will, in the process of accidental multiplication and decline of mutant genes,..termed ‘drift’ by Wright, accumulate a divergent set of recessive detrimental mutant genes.]
1945 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 32 414 The phenomenon of ‘genetic drift’ will come into play.
1960 W. Miller Canticle for Leibowitz (1961) xxvii. 247 Each racial group was so small that unless their descendants intermarried, each would undergo deteriorative genetic drift due to inbreeding on the colony planet.
2000 Sciences May 12/2 In large populations genetic drift can lead to fluctuations in the frequency of certain alleles, though the law of large numbers makes it highly unlikely that the genetic variations..will disappear completely.
genetic fingerprint n. a set of genetic characteristics derived from, and typically unique to, an individual organism, esp. when used for identification; cf. genetic profile n.
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society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > [noun] > other methods of identification
anthropometrics1881
bertillonage1892
Bertillon system1896
Bertillon measurement1928
pink triangle1950
electronic signature1957
genetic profile1959
genetic fingerprint1969
digital signature1976
PIN1976
PIN code1979
racial profiling1989
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > DNA > DNA fingerprinting or genetic profiling > DNA fingerprint or genetic profile
genetic profile1959
DNA fingerprint1969
genetic fingerprint1969
DNA profile1971
1969 E. M. Berkman et al. in Blood 34 842 (heading) The genetic fingerprint of human blood types.
1983 Economist 23 Apr. 104/1 The day that people will be able to trot down to the local clinic and get an individual genetic fingerprint..is a long way away.
1989 Observer 26 Feb. 2/1 The genetic fingerprint tests..reveal that immigration officers were wrong to deny entry in nine out of 10 cases.
genetic fingerprinting n. the preparation or use of genetic fingerprints.
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society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > [noun] > fingerprint taken for purpose of > fingerprinting
printing1869
fingerprinting1891
genetic fingerprinting1984
society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > [noun] > other methods of identification > the process of
genetic fingerprinting1984
genetic profiling1986
1984 N.Y. Times 16 Sept. i. 36/1 The recent Federal study that linked illnesses to tainted hamburger used new techniques of genetic ‘fingerprinting’ [etc.].
1990 Daily Californian (Berkeley) 8 Oct. 7/3 Berg also said that Genome research has led to the use by law enforcement officials of genetic ‘fingerprinting’ to convict rapists and other criminals.
2003 New Yorker 22 Sept. 74 (advt.) With gene profiling—also known as genetic fingerprinting or finding molecular signatures—the idea is to identify which genes are expressed or ‘turned on’ in a given tumor.
genetic imprinting n. = genomic imprinting n. at genomic adj. Compounds.
ΚΠ
1985 Basic Life Sci. 36 363 These findings help to explain why diploid embryos with 2 male or 2 female pronuclei fail to come to term and may be connected with genetic imprinting of gametes.
1992 Economist 24 Oct. 124/3 Mice have also been exploited to study the strange phenomenon of genetic imprinting, where the activity of a gene depends on which parent it is inherited from.
1999 U.S. News & World Rep. 24 May 65/1 One possible culprit is genetic imprinting, a poorly understood process in which maternal and paternal genes ensure that neither predominates in the offspring.
genetic load n. the number of deleterious recessive genes carried (usually in the heterozygous state) in members of a population.
ΚΠ
1950 H. J. Muller in Amer. Jrnl. Human Genetics 2 171 The only means by which the effects of the genetic load can be lightened permanently and securely is by the coupling of ameliorative techniques, such as medicine, with a rationally directed guidance of reproduction.
1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) vii. 834 We are all likely to be heterozygous carriers of some recessive alleles which in the homozygous state could produce serious or lethal diseases. The term genetic load expresses this concept.
1998 N. Wielebnowski in T. Caro Behavioural Ecol. & Conservation Biol. vi. 351 A breeding strategy aimed at maximizing heterozygosity by keeping an equal number of offspring from each adult while minimizing inbreeding..may eventually increase the genetic load of the population.
genetic marker n. a gene, gene product, or nucleotide sequence used for the purpose of identifying a chromosome, individual, disease, etc.
ΚΠ
1932 B. McClintock in Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 18 677 Somatic elimination of a section of a ring-shaped chromosome or a loss of the ring altogether should result in variegation if a genetic marker is present in the ring.
1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 8 Mar. 101/1 Blood typing, protein typing and the use of genetic markers may revolutionize sire selection in the seventies.
1991 Atlantic Apr. 60/2 A research team..completed a global survey of ‘genetic markers’—variations in proteins and enzymes, for example, that reflect data in a person's DNA.
genetic memory n. (a) the ability to carry or replicate genetic code; (also) = genetic code n.; (b) memory which is believed to pass genetically from generation to generation; such a memory.
ΚΠ
1957 P. B. Medawar Uniqueness Individual iv. 102 The cytoplasm of Paramecia is malleable..and..this malleability endows them with what is, in effect, a cytoplasmic genetic memory.
1973 Film Q. Spring 9/2 I don't believe that a few decades can cancel out generations of genetic memory; in our nucleic acid there must be a memory of the values of the land.
1984 Times 24 Nov. 9 DNA contains the genetic ‘memory’ of the cell, or the genetic blueprint passed from one generation to the next.
2004 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 17 Oct. i. 31/2 Is it possible have a genetic memory of a place where you haven't lived but your ancestors did?
genetic modification n. alteration of genes, esp. by selective breeding or (in later use) genetic engineering; an instance of this.
ΚΠ
1923 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 10 230 It is in them that the variants of genetic modification and many times of geographic distribution are displayed.
1930 R. A. Fisher Genetical Theory Nat. Selection 131 The investigation of the influence of the sex hormones has shown how genetic modifications of the whole species can be made to manifest themselves in one sex only.
1998 BBC Good Food Sept. 62/2 Scientists can now identify the specific gene that governs a desired trait in a plant. They can then extract the gene, copy it and insert the copy into a different type of plant... This process is known as genetic modification (GM) or modern biotechnology.
genetic pollution n. the introduction of undesirable genes into a gene pool, esp. from a foreign species or genetically modified organism.
ΚΠ
1969 Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 19 Nov. 21/6 William T. Keeton..will open the symposium with a discussion of ‘Population Control, Genetic Pollution and Engineering’.
1983 Washington Post 30 Apr. a23/5 The board says the practice [sc. releasing tigers bred in captivity into the wild]..threatens the ‘purity’ of the Indian species of tigers by ‘genetic pollution’.
1999 J. Elkington & J. Hailes New Foods Guide ii. 19 There could be problems for the environment with what some call ‘genetic pollution’. This happens when modified genes are transferred from GMOs into wild species—or from GM crops into organic crops.
genetic profile n. (a) an evaluation of the inheritance pattern of a genetic disorder (rare); (b) a set of genetic markers or characteristics derived from an individual organism, population, species, etc.; esp. one used to predict disease susceptibility or risk.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > [noun] > other methods of identification
anthropometrics1881
bertillonage1892
Bertillon system1896
Bertillon measurement1928
pink triangle1950
electronic signature1957
genetic profile1959
genetic fingerprint1969
digital signature1976
PIN1976
PIN code1979
racial profiling1989
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > DNA > DNA fingerprinting or genetic profiling > DNA fingerprint or genetic profile
genetic profile1959
DNA fingerprint1969
genetic fingerprint1969
DNA profile1971
1959 A.M.A. Jrnl. Dis. Children 98 50 (title) A genetic profile of infantile amaurotic family idiocy; statistical evaluation of one hundred thirty-one patients.
1976 Smithsonian July 88/1 Each of us might then be given a genetic profile, listing our particular strengths and susceptibilities.
2000 U.S. News & World Rep. 3 Jan. 44/1 By analyzing a patient's genetic profile, doctors may be able to determine in advance whether a drug will work, or whether it will cause dangerous side effects.
genetic profiling n. the preparation or use of genetic profiles.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > that which identifies or distinguishes > personal identification > [noun] > other methods of identification > the process of
genetic fingerprinting1984
genetic profiling1986
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > DNA > DNA fingerprinting or genetic profiling
DNA fingerprinting1980
genetic profiling1986
DNA profiling1988
1986 Los Angeles Times 8 Oct. (San Diego County ed.) v. 8/4 Other physicians who will speak include..Oliver W. Jones on genetic profiling for today's woman.
1989 Daily Tel. 1 June 3/2 Genetic ‘profiling’ is introduced by the Home Office today to settle disputed paternity cases.
2003 S. Greenfield Tomorrow's People (2004) i. 8 Offset against the benefits of gene therapy,..there are clones, artificial genes, germ-line engineering, and the tricky relationship of genetic profiling to insurance premiums and job applications.
genetic screening n. testing of an individual or population for genetic defects or for genes associated with disease susceptibility, drug metabolism, etc.; an instance of this.
ΚΠ
1966 Washington Post 22 Apr. a3/3 Improvement of a genetic screening test that permits identification of women who..are carriers of the most prevalent form of muscular dystrophy.
1990 Independent 28 May 3/1 The study will determine people's attitudes to genetic screening and help researchers to develop a counselling strategy.
2004 Daily Tel. 23 June 10/2 At each level, a care plan is proposed, ranging from support at the GP's surgery to annual mammography, full genetic screening, the offer of preventive breast removal and counselling.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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