| 释义 |
genetn.1 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French genette. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French genette, Middle French jenette, jennette, janette, jannete, jannette, ginette (French genette ) catlike predatory mammal (c1268 in Old French as genete ), skin of this animal, used as fur for garments (1289), further origin uncertain and disputed (see note). Compare post-classical Latin geneta , ianeta , etc. (from late 12th cent. in continental (originally Occitan and Spanish) sources, from 13th cent. in British sources; scientific Latin genetta ), Old Occitan geneta (1263; also genete , janeta , jenette ), Catalan geneta (1284; also †janeta ), Spanish jineta (second half of the 13th cent. as †gineta , †geneta ), Portuguese gineta (1139 as †janeta ), Italian giannetta (1560; now usually genetta (1892, reborrowed < French genette )), also ( < French or post-classical Latin) Middle Dutch genet , ghenet , (with Latinate ending) geneta (first half of the 14th cent. denoting the skin of the animal used as fur, late 14th cent. denoting the animal, compare quot. 1481 at sense 2; Dutch genette), early modern German geneth (1561 in the compound genethkatz; German Genetkatze; now only in this compound).Most etymological dictionaries consider the Romance nouns loanwords < Maghribi Arabic jarneiṭ , jerneiṭ , colloquial pronunciations of jarnaiṭ kind of civet cat. However, the supposed Arabic etymon is not securely attested before the first half of the 19th cent. Moreover, nothing is known about its ulterior etymology other than the fact that, for phonological reasons, it must be a loanword (it has sometimes been suggested that it may be a borrowing from a Berber language, but there is no evidence to support this view). In the face of those difficulties, several alternative etymologies have been suggested. For a full discussion of these, see E. Grab-Kempf in Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 122 (2006) 679–87. The most likely suggestion is that French genette is from post-classical Latin geneta , which was in turn borrowed < Old Occitan geneta (which, in spite of its apparently later attestation, also seems to be the source of the Catalan, Spanish, and Portuguese nouns), and that the Old Occitan word is < jana genet (c1210), a transferred use of jana fairy, witch active at night, nightmare (ultimately < classical Latin Diāna Diana n., whose reflexes in other Romance languages underwent similar semantic pejoration: see further Französisches etymolog. Wörterbuch at Diana) + -eta , diminutive suffix (see -et suffix1). With the semantic motivation, compare similarly motivated euphemistic names for the weasel, another small predatory animal, in many European languages, e.g. French belette , literally ‘little beautiful woman’, Italian donnola , literally ‘little woman’, and various Slavonic names for the weasel which literally mean ‘little bride’. With genet cat n. compare Dutch genetkat (1769), German Genetkatze , Genitkatze (16th cent.). With the α. forms perhaps compare the formal variation shown by jennet n.1 1. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of genet 1418 in F. J. Furnivall (1882) 36 (MED) Also a gowne of gray russet furred wit Ionetis and wylde Catis. 1532–3 xiii No man, vnder the saide estates..shall weare any furre..except foynes, genets..and Bogy. 1538 A. Fitzherbert 121 b The lorde Chaunceller..may weare..any maner furres, except blacke genettes. 1551 King Edward VI in J. Strype (1721) II. ii. ix. 319 No man..under an earl, not to wear sables, or black jennets, or cloth of silver. 1688 R. Holme iii. 260/2 Sables, Jenits, Minks, and Filches [sic.] are reckoned by the Timber, which is 4 Skins. 1694 E. Chamberlayne (ed. 18) iii. ii. 385 Of Furrs, Filches [sic], Grayes, Jennets, [etc.] 40 Skins is a Timber. 1842 ‘P. Pindar’ I. 43 The Spanish galliot which arrived yesterday, and will discharge to-day, brings me some black genets which I am advised are fit for the mantle of a prince. 1819 4 Nov. 4/4 (advt.) An elegant Stock of Costly Furs and fashionable Muffs..of Mosque and lynx, sable, squirrel–back, ermine squirrel, British sable, mock ermine, fox, bear, genet &c. 1890 27 Dec. 2/2 The cheapest fur for lining coats is gennet, black in colour and low in price. 1891 24 Oct. 6/1 Lined with a less expensive fur, such as genet, musquash or squirrel. 1906 11 Sept. 11/3 (advt.) Fur lined Coat, lined with genet. 2004 R. P. Conner & D. H. Sparks i. 43 Omasenge and female-born kimbandas typically dress in a garment made of genet. the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Carnivora > family Viverridae > [noun] > genus Genetta (genet) 1481 W. Caxton tr. (1970) 74 Tho cam forth many a beest anon, as the squyrel, the musehont, the fychews..the genete [Du. ghenet]. 1572 in T. D. Whitaker (1812) 325 A black velvet gown..furred with squyrels, and faced with jenet's furr. 1619 T. Middleton sig. D Beasts, bearing Furr..The Ounce, Rows-Gray, Ginnet, [etc.]. 1653 A. Ross xi. 378 Gennets, which are beasts like Spanish Cats in bignesse, with long and slender snowts, their furrs..do smell like those of Civit Cats. 1774 O. Goldsmith II. 304 The Dog kind..the Dog, the Wolf..the Genet. 1859 J. E. Tennent II. ix. vi. 523 The palmyra becomes the resort of the palm-cat and the glossy and graceful genet. 1872 II. 737/2 Of the larger Carnivora [of Ceylon], the bear and Leopard; and of the smaller, the palm-cat and the glossy genette (the civet of Europeans) may be mentioned. 1916 67 593 Rusty-spotted Genet (Genetta rubiginosa). 1958 R. Garnett tr. B. Heuvelmans ii. 64 In 1919 Glover Allen discovered near a stream in the darkest part of the Ituri forest a genet of aquatic habits which lives on fish. 2007 D. S. Wilson xv. 101 The diversity of wildlife was astounding—aardvarks, bush pigs, civets, duikers, genets, guinea fowl, leopards..and vervet monkeys all inhabited the little riverine strip. Compounds the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Carnivora > family Viverridae > [noun] > genus Genetta (genet) 1607 E. Topsell 228 Of the Gennet-kat, called Genetha. 1677 W. Charleton (ed. 2) 20 Genetta..the Genet, aut Genet-Cat. 1746 tr. D. De Coetlogon 25 The Gennet Cat is in Size between a Cat and a Fox. 1812–15 A. Plumptre tr. H. Lichtenstein II. 15 The hyenas..eat up the carrion and diminish very much the thieving, mischievous apes, and the crafty genet-cats. 1959 53 303 A ‘tetrathyridium’, or larval stage of Mesocestoides spp., which was collected from the peritoneal cavity of a genet cat in Kenya. 2007 (Nexis) 23 Aug. Someone broke into his home and stole a warthog skull, zebra skin, and genet cat. 1660 M. Carter 193 Who in a battel against the Moores, gaining a Victory, had, amongst many other spoyls, a great number of Genets skins. 1873 E. E. Frewer tr. G. A. Schweinfurth ii. x. 56 The shafts of the Monbuttoo arrows are made of reed-grass, and differ from all others of the Bongo territory by being winged with pieces of genet's skin or plantain leaves. 1890 25 Jan. 7/2 244 sable skins, nine genet skins, and a skunk skin. 1948 E. E. Evans-Pritchard in 48 3/2 A son-in-law also respects his parents-in-law by hiding his nakedness in their presence with a genet's skin. 1963 B. Reynolds iii. 65 Treatment is by exorcism of the spirit and is surprisingly uniform, involving in almost all cases the use of a genet skin. 1992 E. Turner et al. iv. 98 He wore a grass skirt, rattles on his legs, a tortoise amulet on his breast, and a tall genet skin ‘hat of invisibility’ on his head. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). genetn.2 Origin: Probably formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: jenneting n. Etymology: Probably shortened < jenneting n. (see discussion at that entry). Earlier currency is probably implied by genet-moyle n. Compare also earlier pere-jonette n., whose second element apparently shows the same semantic motivation.With the form janey perhaps compare -y suffix6. Now rare. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > apple > [noun] > eating-apple > types of the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > eating-apple > types of 1706 (new ed.) Gennit, or Genniting, a kind of Apple which is ripe before any others. 1888 F. T. Elworthy Jennet, jenneting, the name of a well-known early apple. 1902 III. 356/2 Jennet. Dur. Suf. Som. Dev. Also written gennet w.Cy... A kind of apple that ripens early. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > apple > other apples 1833 W. Kenrick 59 Rawle's Janett. A Virginian. The form is globular, flattened at the summit and base. 1898 (Kansas State Hist. Soc.) 22 Janets bring a good price. They are late keepers. We kept ours this year until we began to pick the apples the following fall. 1905 S. A. Beach et al. I. 271 It has been cultivated extensively either under the common names of Jeniton or Ralls Janet or under some variation of these names. 1917 L. R. Hesler & H. H. Whetzel ii. 140 In Kentucky, the Genet is injured [by American brown-rot] more than other varieties. 1936 G. D. Aiken i. 1 Rawles Genet, a little semi-sweet long-keeping variety, which had the habit of growing so many in a cluster that none of them attained any size. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). genetn.3 Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: genetic adj., -et suffix1. Etymology: < gen- (in genetic adj.) + -et suffix1, after ortet n., ramet n. Biology. the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > descent from common ancestor > genet 1973 J. Sarukhán & J. L. Harper in 61 677 The term ‘genet’ is used for the genetic individual (the product of a seed which may be a large clone) distinguished from the ramet, the functional unit in a vegetatively reproducing species. 1985 20 June 43/1 The possibility that a single tree, normally thought of as a genet, contains within its overall structure distinct genetic individuals adds new layers of complexity. 1997 116 337/1 We would expect senescence at the whole-organism (genet) level to be expressed in all zooids simultaneously, with death of the colony ensuing. 2004 (Nexis) 19 Sept. (Xplore) 4G A small aspen grove may represent a single genet, and a larger aspen grove may represent several neighboring genets. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < |
