generationn.

Brit.

/ˌdʒɛnəˈreɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌdʒɛnəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English generacione, Middle English generacyoun, Middle English gneracioun (transmission error), Middle English ieneracioun, Middle English 1600s generacioun, Middle English 1600s generacoun, Middle English–1500s generacyon, Middle English–1500s generacyone, Middle English–1600s generacion, 1500s generacon, 1500s– generation, 1600s generacjoun; Scottish pre-1700 generacione, pre-1700 generacionn, pre-1700 generacioun, pre-1700 generacioune, pre-1700 generatione, pre-1700 generatioun, pre-1700 generatioune, pre-1700 generatyown, pre-1700 generatyowne, pre-1700 1700s– generation.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French generation; Latin generātiōn-, generātiō.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman generacioun, generaciun, generatioun, generatiun, Anglo-Norman and Middle French generacion, generation (French génération ) line of descent, body of individuals born about the same period, progeny, descendants (all early 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), creation by God (end of the 12th cent.), act or process of reproducing, or ability to reproduce, a living organism (end of the 12th cent.), family, tribe (end of the 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), genealogy, pedigree (1342 in an apparently isolated attestation, subsequently from 1564 as plural noun, and from 1636 as singular noun), production (c1370), average time it takes for children to grow up, become adults, and have children of their own (1564), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin generātiōn-, generātiō action or process of procreating, in post-classical Latin also fact or manner of being begotten, genealogy, offspring, progeny, fruits of the earth, produce, body of individuals born about the same period, race, class, or kind of persons (Vulgate), origin of the Son from the Father (early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), time covered by the lives of a body of individuals born about the same period (4th cent.) < generāt- , past participial stem of generāre generate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan generacion (14th cent. or earlier; Occitan generació ), Catalan generació (12th cent.), Spanish generación (first half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese geração (13th cent. as †gearaçõ , †geeraçom ), Italian generazione (13th cent.), which all show a similar semantic range; also (now chiefly in senses corresponding to branch I.) Middle Dutch generacie (Dutch generatie), German Generation (first half of the 16th cent.).Many senses of the word are first attested in English translations of the Bible; they (and their French counterparts) reflect the frequent use of Latin generātiō in the Vulgate, where it is used to render a large number of different Hebrew words. In some such instances the exact sense of the passage is difficult to determine or disputed. One example is quot. c1400 at sense 7b, an allusion to Isaiah 53:8; here the Vulgate's generationem eius quis enarrabit? (compare the King James Bible's ‘who shall declare his generation?’) reflects the Christian exegetical tradition, which interprets this passage as referring to either the begetting or the Davidic descent of the Messiah, but it is possible that the underlying Hebrew noun here means ‘abode, dwelling’ rather than ‘generation’. With sense 5 compare post-classical Latin genimen (vitis) (Vulgate), itself translating Hellenistic Greek γένημα (τῆς ἀμπέλου), both in sense ‘fruit’ (Matthew 26:29; already in this sense in Polybius, 2nd cent. b.c.; in ancient Greek in sense ‘child’).

I. That which is generated.

†1.

a. Descendants; = posterity n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [noun] > collectively

bairn-teamc885

kinc950

seedOE

teamOE

offspringOE

kindOE

childrenc1175

lineage1303

generationa1325

issuea1325

successiona1340

kindredc1350

progenya1382

posterityc1410

sequelc1440

ligneea1450

posterior1509

genealogy1513

propagation1536

racea1547

postery1548

after-spring1583

bowela1593

afterworld1594

loin1608

descendance1617

succession1618

proles1640

descent1667

ramage1936

a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xxxix. 101 Them: þat is þat ȝe habben alle þe generacion of ower cherles mid hoere siwtes ant hoere catelles ware so a bez ifunde in Yngelonde.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 91 (MED) This Machomete..was of the generacioun of ysmael.

a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 13 (MED) He dredde that he and his generacion schulde lese the kyngdom therof.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xxi. 8 Their childers children lyue in their sight, and their generacion [1611 offspring] before their eyes.

1585 R. P. tr. D. Ortúñez de Calahorra Second Pt. First Bk. Myrrour of Knighthood i. ii. lv. f. 221 You dyd not alone resist the great force of the Sonnes of Priamus, but also you dyd destroy and ouerthrow all his generation, withall the whole power of the Troyans.

1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. Exod. Foure hundred yeeres after Jacob came thither with the generation of the Hebrewes.

1684 T. Otway Atheist sig. A2 v Certainly His Name must be for ever Honourable, Precious His Memory, and Happy His Generation, who durst exert his Loyalty, when it was grown almost a reproach to have any.

1714 T. Hearne Ductor Historicus (ed. 3) I. iii. 185 Which Land the Lord gave to Abraham and his Generation, and promised that in his Family all the Nations of the Earth should be Blessed.

1730 tr. N. Heinsius Life Mirandor II. xi. iv. 267 They went out cursing the Landlord and all his Generation.

1785 A. M. Bennett Anna IV. lxxxix. 204 All her generation but one had plighted their vows at the family chapel, and all but that one had been prosperous and happy.

1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. xiv. 208 ‘The foul fiend on thy grandsire and all his generation!’ interrupted John; ‘shoot, knave, and shoot thy best, or it shall be the worse for thee!’

b. Offspring, children. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > [noun] > progeny or offspring

bairn-teamc885

childeOE

tudderc897

seedOE

teamOE

wastum971

offspringOE

i-cundeOE

fostera1175

i-streonc1175

strainc1175

brooda1300

begetc1300

barm-teamc1315

issuea1325

progenyc1330

fruit of the loinsa1340

bowel1382

young onec1384

suita1387

engendrurea1400

fruitinga1400

geta1400

birth?a1425

porturec1425

progenityc1450

bodyfauntc1460

generation1477

fryc1480

enfantement1483

infantment1483

blood issue1535

propagation1536

offspring1548

race1549

family?1552

increase1552

breed1574

begetting1611

sperm1641

bed1832

fruitage1850

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 4 He had in mariage a right fayr lady, but they were long togeder withoute hauyng generacion.

a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 197 Ysaac had a wyfe barayne ycallid Rebecca; he Prayed god that he wolde yeue hym generacion.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xvii. 28 For we are also his generacion.

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxvi. f. 56 His mother Mammea exhorted hym to take to his wyfe some mayden of a noble and auncient house, to the intent that he mought haue generation.

1553 T. Becon Relikes of Rome (1563) 240 Al those y^t wearry or slea their generations, or their children destroye with drinkes.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 110 The barbarous Scythyan, Or he that makes his generation Messes to gorge his appetite.

1674 tr. P. M. de la Martinière New Voy. Northern Countries 84 If he were discovered..he and his generation [should be] sent Slaves into Siberia.

2. Family, breed; (also) a sort or kind of person. Cf. breed n. 2. Now U.S. regional (southern and south Midland).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > stock, race, or family > [noun]

kinc825

strindc900

maegtheOE

i-cundeeOE

birdeOE

houseOE

kindOE

kindreda1225

bloodc1300

strainc1330

lineage?a1366

generationa1382

progenya1382

stock1382

nationc1395

tribec1400

ligneea1450

lifec1450

family1474

prosapy?a1475

parentage1490

stirpc1503

pedigree1532

racea1547

stem?c1550

breed1596

progenies1673

familia1842

uji1876

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms xiii. 6 For the Lord is in a riȝtwis ieneracioun [L. generatione].

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvi. 222 Man & his make & moillere her children..is nouȝt but gendre of o generacioun bifor Ihesu cryst in heuene.

c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 66 (MED) Þe houndes for þe hauke commen out of Spayn, and þei drawen aftire þe nature of þe generacion of which þei commen.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 4 Thenne his wyf conceyued of his seed and multeplied the generacion humayn of a right fayr sone.

?c1510 tr. Newe Landes & People founde by Kynge of Portyngale sig. Eiv Sende to vs agyen a good knyght of y^e generacyon of fraunce.

1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. G4 Butte corsede be the generation, that dressethe all his thoughtes againste hus vnto the worste parte.

1576 J. Sanford tr. L. Guicciardini Houres of Recreation: Garden of Pleasure (new ed.) 48 Banished out of Rome, advocates, proctours, notaries, and that lyke generation.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) i. i. 205 Pain. Y'are a Dogge. Ape. Thy Mothers of my generation: what's she, if I be a Dogge?

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 233 However as they are, they [sc. their Physitians] passe for a generation usefull and requisite.

1641 J. Trapp Theologia Theol. 140 There have beene a generation..that have attempted to take armes against Heaven.

1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. (at cited word) Generation, (or a great many),..There is a whole Generation of them.

1712 J. Arbuthnot John Bull in his Senses iii. 9 Then the whole Generation of him are so in love with Bagpipes and Poppet Shows.

1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 239 They could not brook the Fighting in Conjunction with this wicked Generation [sc. the Irish].

1764 E. Gibbon tr. Ess. Study Lit. 47 Thus the whole generation of critics may be distinguished under three kinds, grammarians, rhetoricians and historians.

1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. x. 205 We gang-there-out Hieland bodies are an unchancey generation.

1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein III. xxv. 139 You merchants, by St. George, are a wily generation.

1899 B. W. Green Word-bk. Virginia Folk-speech 158 Generation, family; race; kind.

1935 Z. N. Hurston Mules & Men i. vi. 131 God, please do somethin' 'bout dat snake... He's killin' up our generations.

1972 J. S. Hall Sayings from Old Smoky 73 The whole Morgan generation claimed to be half-Indian, and partly Black Dutch.

a. All of the people born and living at about the same time, regarded collectively. In later use frequently with implication of shared cultural and social attitudes.

ΚΠ

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms xi. 8 Thou, Lord, shalt..kepen vs fro this ieneracioun [L. generatione] and in to withoute ende.

c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine (Arun. 396) iv. 345 He muste ben eterne that shal swiche thyngis doo That yeue encrece to ilke generacyon.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xi. §8. 45 Þou lord..sall ȝeme vs in þis warld..and kepe vs..ledand vs fra þis generacioun.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Mark viii. 12 Why doth this generacion seke a token? Verely I saye vnto you: There shal no token be geuen vnto this generacion.

1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 28 Barley, accounted in the olde generations among the woorthyest sort of grayne, and not of small estimation at this day.

1611 Bible (King James) Judges ii. 10 And also all that generation were gathered vnto their fathers: and there arose another generation after them.

1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iv. iii. 56 Such as survived of the old generation, seeing their equalls in age extinguished before their eyes,..should probably prove older and wiser, learning wit from others woe not to provoke God.

1694 Acct. Several Late Voy. (1711) Introd. 24 Heaps of Rocks, broken Stones, and Ice heap'd up from many Generations.

1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 77. ⁋14 The hopes of the rising generation.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxvi. 48 The rising generation was not disposed to accept his advice.

1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. 151 The negroes of the next generation are not to be doomed to slavery for fear of somewhat more being inflicted on their parents.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ix. §1. 591 It is in this group of scientific observers that we catch the secret of the coming generation.

1901 Daily Chron. 17 Dec. 3/2 She was..the most up-and-doing woman of all her generation.

1944 N.Y. Times 20 July 11/5 Men and women, boys and girls of all political parties, of every race and color and religious faith are proving themselves to be America's greatest generation.

2006 A. Robbins Overachievers xvi. 374 Because of the stark difference between this generation and previous ones, there is now a field of study devoted to what researchers refer to as an extended adolescence.

b. The average time it takes for children to grow up, become adults, and have children of their own, generally considered to be about thirty years, and used as a rough measure of historical time.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > [noun] > course or span of life > as a measure of time

progenyc1350

agec1405

generation1629

1629 T. Taylor Man in Christ (ed. 2) ii. 41 Thus hath the Sunne continued his course for many generations.

1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 56 This holy Fire..continued un-put out for many Generations.

1747 Bp. J. Butler Serm. in Wks. (1874) II. 297 Corruptions of the grossest sort have been in vogue, for many generations.

1785 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 585/2 That furious jealousy for which the nation was so remarkable some generations ago, is almost eradicated.

1831 D. Brewster Life I. Newton xv. 264 His second objection to the new system relates to the length of generations which he says is made only 18 or 20 years.

1879 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times II. xxv. 221 A few generations ago Russia was literally an inland state.

1909 C. H. Smith Mennonites of Amer. viii. 241 The Old Order furnish an interesting relic of the customs which prevailed among the Amish several generations ago.

1954 R. St. B. Baker Sahara Challenge vii. 73 This is the secret of the successful growing of groundnuts, which has been known to the Nigerians for many generations.

1969 F. Zweig Israel (1970) Concl. 314 In one or two generations' time the Negev may be turned into a great industrial complex.

2002 S. J. Gould Struct. Evolutionary Theory i. 55 A most unfortunate (if historically understandable) trend that stifled, for several generations, the unification and fruitful expansion of evolutionary theory to all levels and temporal tiers of biology.

c. People of similar age who are involved in a particular activity or profession at a given time, considered collectively.

ΚΠ

1636 H. Burton For God & King 153 This new generation of Doctors, and Prelates hath Sprung up amongst us.

1708 W. Kennett Excellent Daughter 21 For if these poor Souls should be left altogether expos'd to Ignorance and Vice, they might grow up a common Nusance to their Places of Abode, and might entail upon you a new Generation of Beggars.

1855 A. A. Paton Bulgarian, Turk & German xi. 111 The able Engineer of the age of Wellington..was now heading a younger generation of technicians in devising dams against the new Muscovite inundation.

1857 ‘Capt. Crawley’ Billiards (ed. 2) i. 7 The mace, by the way, is seldom or never used by the present generation of billiard players.

1924 Amer. Mercury Sept. 113/2 They became like the new generation of gamblers—the feeble and furtive kind.

2005 enRoute (Air Canada) Nov. 115/1 [He] calls this new generation of bartenders ‘cocktailians’.

d. the —— generation: a generation defined or characterized collectively by —— (typically indicating an influential or emergent cultural or technological phenomenon). See also beat generation n., me generation n. at me pron.¹, n., and adj. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1921 Lima (Ohio) News & Times-Democrat 8 May 3/3 The family wealth was equally divided and that generation lived comfortably,..until the automobile generation arrived.

1958 Daily Rec. (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 7 Mar. 10/6 ‘From all this interest we are bound to develop swimmers,’ said John, well known to the TV generation as Tarzan.

1969 Guardian 2 Sept. 9/6 Marcuse, and the hippie generation who represent Marcusian premature antifascists, herald a radical shift towards the sensory, the imaginative and the quietist.

2006 Wired Apr. 135/1 She'll grow up as part of the Gamer Generation, a group whose charter members come of age with Atari and Nintendo.

a. A set of members of a family, esp. the offspring of the same parent or parents, regarded as a single step or stage in descent; (also more generally) = degree n. 3.In the reckoning of genealogies, restricted to one individual in the direct line, without regard to collateral descendants.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > [noun] > a line of descent > degree in descent

kneec1000

greec1315

generationa1387

degreea1400

descent1538

descendancy1603

remove1741

family tree1752

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [noun] > collectively > at each stage of descent

kinc825

kindredlOE

kindc1350

generationa1387

offspringa1400

race1562

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 231 Caym his synne was i-punsched seuenfold, þat is in þe seuenþe generacioun; for Lamech was þe seuenþe from Adam in þat lyne.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9262 (MED) Qua-so will se fra adam þe ald Hu mani knes to crist es tald, He sal find, wit-vten mistruns, Sexti hale generacions.

a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 129 Charles, discended off Carolus Magnus..by ix or x generacions, was put ffrom the kyngdome of Fraunce by Hugh Capite.

?1567 Def. Priestes Mariages (new ed.) 121 Imagine, saieth he, foure generations of onely one mannes issue, & euery of them to be maried. And see what this will grow to in fewe yeres?

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 181 The Canon of the Law is laide on him, Being but the second generation Remoued from thy sinne-conceiuing wombe.

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 95 When many generations issuing forth out of one man, who had a certaine marke, do constantly retaine the same marke in some part of their bodies.

1697 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ I. i. xxvi. 146 Whether they are Citizens by a lawful lineage of Progenitors for three generations, and from what Family they assume their Pedigree, whether they derive their Progeny from Paternal Apollo, and Iupiter Herceus?

1723 J. Macky Journey through Scotl. xiv. 326 I can hardly give one Instance in England, of a Families carrying the great Capacity to the Third Generation.

1776 A. M. Refl. Amer. Contest 16 Even the Germans were Englisying in manners as well as habits; for where lands are so easily got, that rigid industry does not last to the third generation.

1816 J. Wilson City of Plague ii. v I have known the family Three generations, and I loved them all.

1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 77 A family party, consisting of three generations; the last a numerous one.

1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. vii. 258 Ætolus, his ancestor in the tenth generation, had quitted Elis.

1866 Reader 17 Mar. 269 The issue of such marriage being admissible to the Bráhmanhood in the seventh generation.

1900 Biol. Bull. 2 126 The ancestors of half of the first generation were exclusively albino for many generations.

1929 R. R. Gates Heredity in Man viii. 154 Brachyphalangy combined with hypophalangy (less than five fingers) was transmitted for six generations.

1996 Amer. Jrnl. Ophthalmol. 121 162 A high degree of consanguinity in the second generation suggested recessive inheritance with a pseudodominant inheritance pattern.

2003 Santa Fe New Mexican (Nexis) 21 Aug. b1 He farmed and ranched the land his family had worked for four generations.

b. Modified by an ordinal number, forming adjectives, as first-generation, second-generation, etc.: designating a member of the first (or second, etc.) generation of a family to do something or live somewhere; spec. designating a naturalized immigrant or a descendant of immigrant parents, esp. in the United States. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > migrant > [adjective] > relating to immigrants > types of immigrant

salt water1708

transplanted1765

new chum1865

first-generation1896

second-generation1928

totok1963

1896 S. A. Barnett Let. Sept. in H. Barnett Canon Barnett (1918) II. 119 There are the usual Americans. One ‘first-generation man’, as he calls himself..has made a great fortune.

1928 Social Forces 7 242/2 Even in such cosmopolitan groups as the school the second generation Jew encounters some antagonism.

1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 67/1 First-generation immigrants who quickly made good.

1953 E. Coxhead Midlanders vi. 153 Herself a second-generation college girl, she now under-valued the freedoms the pioneers had won.

1960 Guardian 5 Nov. 3/6 A second-generation Kenyan whose father was one of the pioneer settlers in the White Highlands.

1968 ‘L. Black’ Outbreak ix. 86 The number of notifications [of smallpox] will rise sharply, as second and third generation cases emerge from the incubation period.

1980 R. D. Scherini Ital. Amer. Community of San Francisco i. 11 It can be said that second-generation Italian Americans have been economically successful in San Francisco.

1996 Independent on Sunday 13 Oct. (Review Suppl.) 59/1 Chris Geale, a third-generation fish and chipper, has agreed to share his know-how.

2007 J. Ferris And then we came to End ii. i. 237 These first-generation Americans..spend their morning in the dark recess of a loading dock power-spraying the asphalt and the Dumpster.

(a) A stage in the development of a type of product or technology; the products of such a stage.

ΚΠ

1926 Travel Nov. 45/2 The famous flagstoned streets of Guatemala City give a good running surface to the newest generation of ox-carts.

1967 Electronics 6 Mar. 114/1 (advt.) Our all-new nixie tube—the industry's lowest-cost electronic readout, and one sure to usher in a whole new generation of low-cost digital instrumentation.

1974 Esso Mag. Summer 7 The next generation of platforms, now under construction, are concrete structures.

2006 New Scientist 18 Nov. 21/2 The team that isolated the substance..hope that it may spawn a new generation of painkillers without the negative addictive and psychological effects of morphine.

(b) A recognized stage in the development of computers. Usually with prefixed numeral, frequently forming attributive phrases; as first, second, etc., generation.The consistently defined generations are the first (employing valves), the second (employing transistors), and the fifth (envisaged as including the capacity for artificial intelligence).

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > hardware > computer > [noun] > stages of development

generation1952

fourth generation1963

1952 Rev. Electronic Digital Computers (Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers) 109/3 In building the first generation of electronic digital computers, we have learned the magnitude of the engineering involved.

1963 Computer Jrnl. 6 144/1 It has recently become conventional to distinguish between ‘first-generation computers’ and ‘second-generation computers’. The term second-generation computer has come to mean transistorized core-store computers, mostly with some sort of time-sharing routine.

1979 G. Bear Psychlone 187 What is it, you need advice on semiconductors for your fifth-generation computers?

1984 QL User Dec. 18 A fifth-generation computer is an artificial intelligence machine, a super-expert system.

2002 S. Mueller Upgrading & repairing PCs (ed. 14) i. 22 The fourth and current generation of the modern computer includes those that incorporate microprocessors.

d. Particle Physics. Each of three (or possibly more) groups of fermions, each containing four particles such that corresponding particles in different generations differ only in mass (which increases from the first generation to the third).The first generation comprises the electron, the electron neutrino, and the down and up quarks; the second comprises the muon, the muon neutrino, and the strange and charm quarks; the third comprises the tau particle, the tau neutrino, and the bottom and top quarks.

ΚΠ

1976 H. Harari Beyond Charm Lect. 29th Summer School Theoretical Physics, Les Houches 62 It is, therefore, clear that a striking quark-lepton similarity exists both in the first generation and in the second generation of fundamental fermions.

1978 Nature 2 Feb. 406/3 These lepton and quark pairs are today known as the ‘first generation’ of elementary fermions... If there is a third generation of leptons, theorists have argued that there should be a third generation of quarks.

1987 W. J. Marciano & M. Goldhaber in B. N. Kursunoglu & E. P. Wigner Reminisc. Great Physicist (1990) xiii. 170 Each 27-plet contains an ordinary fermion generation as well as an additional color triplet quark and three new leptons.

1999 Nature 20 May 201/3 Unlike the strong and electromagnetic interactions,..the weak interaction mixes the generations, and connects up-like quarks (up, charm, top) to down-like quarks (down, strange, bottom).

2006 P. Woit Not even Wrong vi. 76 The lowest-mass generation contains all the stable particles that make up our everyday world.

5. Fruit, produce, esp. wine as the produce of the vine. archaic and rare after 17th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > berry > [noun] > grape > grapes

generationa1425

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > grape > grapes

generationa1425

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Ecclus. vi. 20 As he that erith and that sowith..abide thou the goode fruytis therof..thou schalt ete soone of the generaciouns [a1382 E.V. getingus; L. generationibus] therof.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 244 b/2 I shalle not drynke of thys generacion of the vyne tofore I shalle drynke it newe wyth you [etc.].

1565 tr. J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare x. 437 I wil drinke no more of this Generation of the Vine.

1655 J. Spencer Script. Mistaken vi. 263 That the very literall sense of the words retayned, and referred to the consecrated chalice, conclude no more then this, that our Sauiour spake of the species of wine; which is properly the propagation or generation of the vine.

1692 P. Allix Remarks Eccl. Hist. Albigenses ii. 13 What Jesus Christ gave to his Disciples in the Cup, was the Generation or Product of the Vine.

2004 S. J. Campbell Cabinet of Eros (2006) iv. 137 This dynamic commingling of the four elements,..resulting..in the generation of the vine, known as a ‘fiery’ product of the earth, alluded to in the grape clusters over Vulcan's forge.

II. The action of generating.

a. The action or fact of bringing something into existence by natural or artificial processes; formation, production. †Also: mode of formation, nature of origin (obsolete).In scholastic philosophy, based on the ideas of Aristotle, generation (γένεσις ‘coming into being’) and corruption (ϕθορά ‘decay, ceasing to be’) are often mentioned as opposing processes which together constitute one of the fundamental modes of change in the natural world. Hence the frequent allusive use of the words, e.g. in quot. 1611.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > production

generationa1382

engenderinga1400

outbearinga1425

productionc1450

produce1562

prolation1577

procreation1578

generating1579

edition1605

producement1613

elaboration1617

flowering1634

pullulation1641

factory1664

development1794

output1841

output1887

the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > style of creation or construction

shaft888

suitc1330

generationa1382

makinga1398

frame?1520

workmanship1578

imagerya1592

model1597

fabricaturec1600

builtc1615

fabric1644

module1649

get-up1857

fashioning1870

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. ii. 4 Þez ben þe generaciouns [L. generationes] of heuen & erþe.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. xi. vii. 585 Somtyme is so greet generacioun of hete by gaderinge of bemes..þat þe vapour is as it were ibrent.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 49 Wiþ þis poudre þe generacioun of þese poris may be mendid.

?1520 J. Rastell Nature .iiii. Element sig. Ai^v Of the generacyon and cause of stone & metall and of plantis and herbys.

1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors v. f. 62^v Sand..is of the same generation consisting of many small bodies, which ar congeled into stones.

1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. E3^v Would you know a catchpoole rightly deriu'd, the corruption of a Cittizen, is the generation of a seriant.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. iii. 155 Those insensible Corpuscules which daily produce such Considerable effects in the generation and corruption of Bodies about us.

1797 W. Godwin Enquirer i. i. 1 The true object of education..is the generation of happiness.

1832 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 2) II. 210 The generation of peat, when not completely under water, is confined to moist situations.

1897 Times 27 Mar. 12/3 The explosion, which is attributed to the generation of coal gas, was heard all over the town.

1969 E. P. Anderson Home Appliance Servicing (ed. 2) vi. 92 The steam iron has facilities for the generation of steam.

2004 J. Emsley Vanity, Vitality, & Virility (2006) iii. 94 All these love potions and pleasure enhancers ultimately rely on the generation of NO in the body.

b. The production of electric current for practical use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > [noun] > generation of

generation1885

1885 Science 16 Jan. 45/2 The problem of electric lighting is to find a cheaper motor than the steam-engine to drive the dynamo-electric engine... No advance has been made this year in the generation of electricity by thermo-electricity.

1901 Westm. Gaz. 14 Nov. 8/3 The generation plant for the first section of the new electric tramways.

1943 J. S. Huxley TVA i. 9 Flood-control could be readily tied up..with the profitable generation of electric power.

2002 Economist 6 July 93/3 True visionaries will notice that, since it produces hydrogen, it permits the generation of electricity by fuel cells..as well as conventional gas turbines.

c. Linguistics. The process of deriving the sentences of a language from the grammatical rules, esp. from a generative grammar. Also (in quot. 1963): the process of forming linguistic utterances out of their constituent parts.

ΚΠ

1959 Word 15 234 Following through with a very condensed generation sequence (in which most irrelevant rules and choices are omitted), we might have something like this.

1959 Word 15 237 A short sample idiom-generation might look like this.

1963 J. Lyons Struct. Semantics ii. 31 In the learning and use of language there are two complementary factors to be reckoned with. These I shall call generation and recall... By ‘generation’ [I mean] the construction of a form by the individual speaker from elements which are themselves taken from ‘storage’.

1965 N. Chomsky Aspects Theory Syntax i. 60 Both weak and strong generation are determined by the procedure.

1997 W. B. McGregor Semiotic Gram. ii. ii. 47 Modern grammatical theories, with their concentration on algorithmic processes of generation, have tended to obscure the fundamental place of paradigmatic and syntagmatic relationships.

a. The act or process of reproducing a living organism; procreation; the propagation of species. Formerly also: †the manner or process of being reproduced (obsolete).In quots. a1382, a1400: spec. the capacity for procreation.equivocal, spontaneous generation: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > [noun]

i-streonc893

strainc950

akennessOE

spreadingOE

upspringc1000

akenningOE

akennednessOE

strainc1175

streningc1230

begetc1330

begettingc1330

engendrurec1350

generationa1382

gettinga1382

genderingc1384

multiplicationa1387

increase1390

prolificationa1393

procreationc1395

engenderinga1400

gendrure?a1400

engendure?a1425

progeniturec1429

propagation?1440

teemingc1450

breeda1500

geniturea1500

engenderment1507

progeneration1548

fathering1549

engender1556

race1561

multiplying1599

pullulation1641

progermination1648

reproduction1713

face-making1785

baby-making1827

begettal1864

fertility1866

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. lxvi. 9 ‘If I, that ieneracioun [L. generationem] to othere men ȝyue, bareyn shal be?’ seith the Lord.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vi. iii. 294 Aboute þe getynge and generacioun of a childe, it nediþ to haue couenable mater, and spedeful place.

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 176 (MED) Woundis þat ben in þe ballokis, þei roten hem anoon..his generacioun is lore.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 116 Membres..of generacioun..maked been for bothe That is to sey, for office and for ese Of engendrure.

?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iii. pr. xi. l. 192 Nature desireth and requireth alwey..the werk of generacioun.

?c1500 Wisdom (Digby) l. 460 Of lust and lykyng comyth generacion.

1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 547/1 His generacion (that is to wyt his being borne of God by the seed of god..) doth preserue and kepe hym.

1576 A. Fleming tr. G. Macropedius in Panoplie Epist. 364 The condition of men, even from their generation, is, in their owne sweate to earne their owne meate.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §608 Generation by Copulation (certainly) extendeth not to Plants.

1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection v. iv. 265 in Justice Vindicated Nor are all Creatures at all times alike disposed to Generation, but apted and disposed thereunto from some exterior cause.

1752 D. Hume Polit. Disc. x. 159 There is in all men, both male and female, a desire and power of generation more active than is ever universally exerted.

1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom (abridged ed.) 474 A little thread that appears to be an organ of generation.

1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. i. 46 In the higher animals, the act of reproduction is accomplished by means of special organs: this is Generative Reproduction, or Generation.

1916 M. G. Kains Propagation of Plants i. 4 The geranium..may be propagated by means of cuttings, and thus not only its numbers increased indefinitely, but its life thus extended by asexual generation.

1940 G. S. Carter Gen. Zool. Invertebr. xx. 411 The sexual generation (heterosyllis) [in polychaetes] differs from the asexual reproduction only in details of structure, in the parapodia and other parts of the body.

2000 M. G. Lawler in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 410/1 From earliest history, under the influence of a physicalist paradigm that took for granted that sexual intercourse was for the generation of children, marriage has been held to have two purposes.

b. Theology. The begetting of God the Son by God the Father.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > [noun] > person of > origin of one from another

processiona1398

generation1659

prolation1692

probole1696

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 827 Hys generacyoun quo recen con, Þat dyȝed for vus in Iherusalem?

R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 14 Evyn treuly as þe begynnynge of þe godhede be no reson nor no witt may be fun..so þe generacioun of þe sone with þe euerlastynge of þe godhede vnchaungyngly bydis.

a1500 Hymnal in R. S. Loomis Medieval Stud. in Memory G. S. Loomis (1927) 455 Criste..Off þe fadyr al only generate, Whos generacyone noo worde ascrye Ne tellen cane.

?1547 J. Bale Trag. Chefe Promyses of God sig. Aii Yea, first ye shall haue, the eternall generacyon Of Christ lyke as Iohan, in hys first chapt[er] wryght.

1595 W. Perkins Expos. Creed Apostles 325 Which place must be understood not so much of the eternall generation of Christ before all worlds, as of the manifestation therof in time after this maner.

1615 N. Byfield Expos. Epist. Coloss. 112 Two things are here to be considered of Christ: 1. that he is Gods Sonne, by generation: 2. that he is the first begotten.

1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed ii. 280 The generation of Christ admits no regeneration, he becoming at once thereby God and Son and heir of all.

1720 D. Waterland 8 Serm. Divinity of Christ 107 The Arians..had some plausible things to urge, particularly in respect of the Generation of the Son.

1756 J. Potts Serm. Death James Fall 5 He was the God and Father of Christ, in respect of his eternal Generation, which none can declare.

1805 T. Belsham Vindication iv. 66 The orthodox..began to represent the Son as a distinct intelligent Being, derived indeed from the Father by necessary generation, but in all other respects equal with him, and only united to him as partaking of the same divine nature.

1898 W. Adamson Life J. Morison 42 The doctrines of the eternal generation of the Son and the eternal spiration of the Spirit.

1947 Jrnl. Relig. 27 129 The conception of the Trinity expresses the outgoing love of the Father in the generation of the Son.

1999 D. M. Coffey Deus Trinitas 30 I have here argued against the position that obtains in the East, that the primary trinitarian facts are the generation of the Son and the procession of the Holy Spirit, each from the Father.

8. Ancestry, lineage, descent; (formerly also) †an account of this, a genealogy, a pedigree (obsolete). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > [noun]

kinc892

strindc900

i-cundeOE

bloodOE

kindredOE

birtha1250

strainc1275

gesta1300

offspring?a1300

lineagea1330

descentc1330

linec1330

progenya1382

generationc1384

engendrurec1390

ancestry?a1400

genealogya1400

kind?a1400

stranda1400

coming?a1425

bedc1430

descencec1443

descension1447

ligneea1450

originc1450

family1474

originala1475

extraction1477

nativityc1485

parentelea1492

stirpc1503

stem?c1550

race1563

parentage1565

brood1590

ancientry1596

descendance1599

breeding1600

descendancy1603

delineation1606

extract1631

ancestory1650

agnation1782

havage1799

engendure1867

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. i. 1 The boke of generacioun [L. generationis] of Jhesu Crist.

?a1518 H. Watson Ualentyne & Orson (1555) xxix. sig. Z.iv I am called Ualentyne and am a poore aduenturer, that of my generacyon and lygnage had neuer knowlege and yet I sawe, neuer the fader by whome I was engendred nor the moder that bare me.

?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth l. f. lxv They wolde desyre and couet good chyldren and honorable lynage to procede of their stocke and generacion.

1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 233 They derive their generation from the Cretan Jupiter.

1680 J. Owen Contin. Expos. Epist. Paul vii. 114 A Generation, a Descent, a Pedigree, not absolutely, but Rehearsed, Described, Recorded.

1768 I. Harman Creed Eternal Generationists 22 If any such Man that could gather the Wind in his Fists, bind the Waters in a Garment, or establish all the Ends of the Earth, ever were in the World, tell us somewhat of his Generation or Pedigree.

1834 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk (1836) 308 The generation of the modern worldly Dissenter was thus: Presbyterian, Arian, Socinian, and last, Unitarian.

1900 ‘H. Haliburton’ Horace in Homespun (new ed.) 62 George, son of lairds that awn'd the laund, Sin' Scotland was a nation—And yet ye tak' a higher staund Than that o' generation.

1996 E. N. Wilmsen in E. N. Wilmsen & P. McAllister Politics of Difference Introd. 6 These condensible features include in variable combination class, descent or generation, economics, gender, land or territory, language, [etc.].

Compounds

generation-conscious adj. aware of being part of one's own generation, esp. in terms of how it differs from previous generations.

ΚΠ

1930 R. Macaulay Staying with Relations iv. 57 ‘I remember an air raid,’ said Julian. ‘They woke me up and carried me down to the basement. I am the air raid generation.’ ‘They're terribly generation-conscious,’ Adrian explained.

1934 R. Campbell Broken Rec. 50 Quarrelling with my father made me generation-conscious.

1999 R. Hoggart First & Last Things (2002) p. xviii Such truths, even the most apparently obvious, have to be rediscovered in each generation, even by those so generation-conscious that they often assume that no truths are carried over.

generation gap n. a difference of attitudes and values between people of different generations, esp. parents and children, leading to a lack of understanding; cf. gap n.¹ 6a.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > unintelligibility > [noun] > instance of

lock1563

incomprehensibility1651

inscrutables1665

incomprehensible1678

inconceivable1706

I know not what1711

unknowable1725

unsearchable1725

indefinable1810

a sealed book1814

unknowable1816

unintelligible1838

inconceivability1851

imponderable1855

inscrutablenessa1864

unfathomability1867

unthinkable1871

closed book1913

intangible1914

imponderabilia1925

generation gap1962

1962 Daily Record (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 28 July 6/1 (headline) Generation gap affects parent-child relations.

1969 W. Garner Us or Them War xxi. 167 He said, ‘Patti, whatever becomes of the generation gap?’ She said, ‘I jumped across.’

1979 Harrowsmith Aug. 9/2 I don't know what ‘eco-chic’ means (it must be the generation gap again).

2003 J. Gamble Shanghai in Transition i. 58 A distinctive youth culture along with a generation gap has emerged in Shanghai.

generation ship n. Science Fiction a spaceship whose intended journey is so long that its destination must be reached by the descendants of the original crew.

ΚΠ

1955 New Worlds Sci. Fiction June 125 The generation ship depends on new blood replacing the old, but the danger is that the new blood will forget what it should remember.

2000 K. MacLeod Cosmonaut Keep (2001) 47 He could have lived with a universe whose interstellar gulfs could be crossed only with generation ships, cold-sleep or ramscoops.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	generation
释义	generationn. Brit. /ˌdʒɛnəˈreɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌdʒɛnəˈreɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English generacione, Middle English generacyoun, Middle English gneracioun (transmission error), Middle English ieneracioun, Middle English 1600s generacioun, Middle English 1600s generacoun, Middle English–1500s generacyon, Middle English–1500s generacyone, Middle English–1600s generacion, 1500s generacon, 1500s– generation, 1600s generacjoun; Scottish pre-1700 generacione, pre-1700 generacionn, pre-1700 generacioun, pre-1700 generacioune, pre-1700 generatione, pre-1700 generatioun, pre-1700 generatioune, pre-1700 generatyown, pre-1700 generatyowne, pre-1700 1700s– generation. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French generation; Latin generātiōn-, generātiō. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman generacioun, generaciun, generatioun, generatiun, Anglo-Norman and Middle French generacion, generation (French génération ) line of descent, body of individuals born about the same period, progeny, descendants (all early 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), creation by God (end of the 12th cent.), act or process of reproducing, or ability to reproduce, a living organism (end of the 12th cent.), family, tribe (end of the 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), genealogy, pedigree (1342 in an apparently isolated attestation, subsequently from 1564 as plural noun, and from 1636 as singular noun), production (c1370), average time it takes for children to grow up, become adults, and have children of their own (1564), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin generātiōn-, generātiō action or process of procreating, in post-classical Latin also fact or manner of being begotten, genealogy, offspring, progeny, fruits of the earth, produce, body of individuals born about the same period, race, class, or kind of persons (Vulgate), origin of the Son from the Father (early 3rd cent. in Tertullian), time covered by the lives of a body of individuals born about the same period (4th cent.) < generāt- , past participial stem of generāre generate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Old Occitan generacion (14th cent. or earlier; Occitan generació ), Catalan generació (12th cent.), Spanish generación (first half of the 13th cent.), Portuguese geração (13th cent. as †gearaçõ , †geeraçom ), Italian generazione (13th cent.), which all show a similar semantic range; also (now chiefly in senses corresponding to branch I.) Middle Dutch generacie (Dutch generatie), German Generation (first half of the 16th cent.).Many senses of the word are first attested in English translations of the Bible; they (and their French counterparts) reflect the frequent use of Latin generātiō in the Vulgate, where it is used to render a large number of different Hebrew words. In some such instances the exact sense of the passage is difficult to determine or disputed. One example is quot. c1400 at sense 7b, an allusion to Isaiah 53:8; here the Vulgate's generationem eius quis enarrabit? (compare the King James Bible's ‘who shall declare his generation?’) reflects the Christian exegetical tradition, which interprets this passage as referring to either the begetting or the Davidic descent of the Messiah, but it is possible that the underlying Hebrew noun here means ‘abode, dwelling’ rather than ‘generation’. With sense 5 compare post-classical Latin genimen (vitis) (Vulgate), itself translating Hellenistic Greek γένημα (τῆς ἀμπέλου), both in sense ‘fruit’ (Matthew 26:29; already in this sense in Polybius, 2nd cent. b.c.; in ancient Greek in sense ‘child’). I. That which is generated. †1. a. Descendants; = posterity n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [noun] > collectively bairn-teamc885 kinc950 seedOE teamOE offspringOE kindOE childrenc1175 lineage1303 generationa1325 issuea1325 successiona1340 kindredc1350 progenya1382 posterityc1410 sequelc1440 ligneea1450 posterior1509 genealogy1513 propagation1536 racea1547 postery1548 after-spring1583 bowela1593 afterworld1594 loin1608 descendance1617 succession1618 proles1640 descent1667 ramage1936 a1325 Statutes of Realm (2011) xxxix. 101 Them: þat is þat ȝe habben alle þe generacion of ower cherles mid hoere siwtes ant hoere catelles ware so a bez ifunde in Yngelonde. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 91 (MED) This Machomete..was of the generacioun of ysmael. a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 13 (MED) He dredde that he and his generacion schulde lese the kyngdom therof. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xxi. 8 Their childers children lyue in their sight, and their generacion [1611 offspring] before their eyes. 1585 R. P. tr. D. Ortúñez de Calahorra Second Pt. First Bk. Myrrour of Knighthood i. ii. lv. f. 221 You dyd not alone resist the great force of the Sonnes of Priamus, but also you dyd destroy and ouerthrow all his generation, withall the whole power of the Troyans. 1623 W. Lisle in tr. Ælfric Saxon Treat. Old & New Test. Exod. Foure hundred yeeres after Jacob came thither with the generation of the Hebrewes. 1684 T. Otway Atheist sig. A2 v Certainly His Name must be for ever Honourable, Precious His Memory, and Happy His Generation, who durst exert his Loyalty, when it was grown almost a reproach to have any. 1714 T. Hearne Ductor Historicus (ed. 3) I. iii. 185 Which Land the Lord gave to Abraham and his Generation, and promised that in his Family all the Nations of the Earth should be Blessed. 1730 tr. N. Heinsius Life Mirandor II. xi. iv. 267 They went out cursing the Landlord and all his Generation. 1785 A. M. Bennett Anna IV. lxxxix. 204 All her generation but one had plighted their vows at the family chapel, and all but that one had been prosperous and happy. 1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe I. xiv. 208 ‘The foul fiend on thy grandsire and all his generation!’ interrupted John; ‘shoot, knave, and shoot thy best, or it shall be the worse for thee!’ b. Offspring, children. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > [noun] > progeny or offspring bairn-teamc885 childeOE tudderc897 seedOE teamOE wastum971 offspringOE i-cundeOE fostera1175 i-streonc1175 strainc1175 brooda1300 begetc1300 barm-teamc1315 issuea1325 progenyc1330 fruit of the loinsa1340 bowel1382 young onec1384 suita1387 engendrurea1400 fruitinga1400 geta1400 birth?a1425 porturec1425 progenityc1450 bodyfauntc1460 generation1477 fryc1480 enfantement1483 infantment1483 blood issue1535 propagation1536 offspring1548 race1549 family?1552 increase1552 breed1574 begetting1611 sperm1641 bed1832 fruitage1850 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 4 He had in mariage a right fayr lady, but they were long togeder withoute hauyng generacion. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 197 Ysaac had a wyfe barayne ycallid Rebecca; he Prayed god that he wolde yeue hym generacion. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xvii. 28 For we are also his generacion. 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxvi. f. 56 His mother Mammea exhorted hym to take to his wyfe some mayden of a noble and auncient house, to the intent that he mought haue generation. 1553 T. Becon Relikes of Rome (1563) 240 Al those y^t wearry or slea their generations, or their children destroye with drinkes. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 110 The barbarous Scythyan, Or he that makes his generation Messes to gorge his appetite. View more context for this quotation 1674 tr. P. M. de la Martinière New Voy. Northern Countries 84 If he were discovered..he and his generation [should be] sent Slaves into Siberia. 2. Family, breed; (also) a sort or kind of person. Cf. breed n. 2. Now U.S. regional (southern and south Midland). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > stock, race, or family > [noun] kinc825 strindc900 maegtheOE i-cundeeOE birdeOE houseOE kindOE kindreda1225 bloodc1300 strainc1330 lineage?a1366 generationa1382 progenya1382 stock1382 nationc1395 tribec1400 ligneea1450 lifec1450 family1474 prosapy?a1475 parentage1490 stirpc1503 pedigree1532 racea1547 stem?c1550 breed1596 progenies1673 familia1842 uji1876 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms xiii. 6 For the Lord is in a riȝtwis ieneracioun [L. generatione]. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xvi. 222 Man & his make & moillere her children..is nouȝt but gendre of o generacioun bifor Ihesu cryst in heuene. c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 66 (MED) Þe houndes for þe hauke commen out of Spayn, and þei drawen aftire þe nature of þe generacion of which þei commen. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 4 Thenne his wyf conceyued of his seed and multeplied the generacion humayn of a right fayr sone. ?c1510 tr. Newe Landes & People founde by Kynge of Portyngale sig. Eiv Sende to vs agyen a good knyght of y^e generacyon of fraunce. 1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. G4 Butte corsede be the generation, that dressethe all his thoughtes againste hus vnto the worste parte. 1576 J. Sanford tr. L. Guicciardini Houres of Recreation: Garden of Pleasure (new ed.) 48 Banished out of Rome, advocates, proctours, notaries, and that lyke generation. a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) i. i. 205 Pain. Y'are a Dogge. Ape. Thy Mothers of my generation: what's she, if I be a Dogge? View more context for this quotation 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 233 However as they are, they [sc. their Physitians] passe for a generation usefull and requisite. 1641 J. Trapp Theologia Theol. 140 There have beene a generation..that have attempted to take armes against Heaven. 1699 A. Boyer Royal Dict. (at cited word) Generation, (or a great many),..There is a whole Generation of them. 1712 J. Arbuthnot John Bull in his Senses iii. 9 Then the whole Generation of him are so in love with Bagpipes and Poppet Shows. 1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 239 They could not brook the Fighting in Conjunction with this wicked Generation [sc. the Irish]. 1764 E. Gibbon tr. Ess. Study Lit. 47 Thus the whole generation of critics may be distinguished under three kinds, grammarians, rhetoricians and historians. 1817 W. Scott Rob Roy II. x. 205 We gang-there-out Hieland bodies are an unchancey generation. 1829 W. Scott Anne of Geierstein III. xxv. 139 You merchants, by St. George, are a wily generation. 1899 B. W. Green Word-bk. Virginia Folk-speech 158 Generation, family; race; kind. 1935 Z. N. Hurston Mules & Men i. vi. 131 God, please do somethin' 'bout dat snake... He's killin' up our generations. 1972 J. S. Hall Sayings from Old Smoky 73 The whole Morgan generation claimed to be half-Indian, and partly Black Dutch. 3. a. All of the people born and living at about the same time, regarded collectively. In later use frequently with implication of shared cultural and social attitudes. ΚΠ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms xi. 8 Thou, Lord, shalt..kepen vs fro this ieneracioun [L. generatione] and in to withoute ende. c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine (Arun. 396) iv. 345 He muste ben eterne that shal swiche thyngis doo That yeue encrece to ilke generacyon. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xi. §8. 45 Þou lord..sall ȝeme vs in þis warld..and kepe vs..ledand vs fra þis generacioun. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Mark viii. 12 Why doth this generacion seke a token? Verely I saye vnto you: There shal no token be geuen vnto this generacion. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 28 Barley, accounted in the olde generations among the woorthyest sort of grayne, and not of small estimation at this day. 1611 Bible (King James) Judges ii. 10 And also all that generation were gathered vnto their fathers: and there arose another generation after them. View more context for this quotation 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine iv. iii. 56 Such as survived of the old generation, seeing their equalls in age extinguished before their eyes,..should probably prove older and wiser, learning wit from others woe not to provoke God. 1694 Acct. Several Late Voy. (1711) Introd. 24 Heaps of Rocks, broken Stones, and Ice heap'd up from many Generations. 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 77. ⁋14 The hopes of the rising generation. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall II. xxvi. 48 The rising generation was not disposed to accept his advice. 1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. II. 151 The negroes of the next generation are not to be doomed to slavery for fear of somewhat more being inflicted on their parents. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ix. §1. 591 It is in this group of scientific observers that we catch the secret of the coming generation. 1901 Daily Chron. 17 Dec. 3/2 She was..the most up-and-doing woman of all her generation. 1944 N.Y. Times 20 July 11/5 Men and women, boys and girls of all political parties, of every race and color and religious faith are proving themselves to be America's greatest generation. 2006 A. Robbins Overachievers xvi. 374 Because of the stark difference between this generation and previous ones, there is now a field of study devoted to what researchers refer to as an extended adolescence. b. The average time it takes for children to grow up, become adults, and have children of their own, generally considered to be about thirty years, and used as a rough measure of historical time. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > [noun] > course or span of life > as a measure of time progenyc1350 agec1405 generation1629 1629 T. Taylor Man in Christ (ed. 2) ii. 41 Thus hath the Sunne continued his course for many generations. 1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 56 This holy Fire..continued un-put out for many Generations. 1747 Bp. J. Butler Serm. in Wks. (1874) II. 297 Corruptions of the grossest sort have been in vogue, for many generations. 1785 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 585/2 That furious jealousy for which the nation was so remarkable some generations ago, is almost eradicated. 1831 D. Brewster Life I. Newton xv. 264 His second objection to the new system relates to the length of generations which he says is made only 18 or 20 years. 1879 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times II. xxv. 221 A few generations ago Russia was literally an inland state. 1909 C. H. Smith Mennonites of Amer. viii. 241 The Old Order furnish an interesting relic of the customs which prevailed among the Amish several generations ago. 1954 R. St. B. Baker Sahara Challenge vii. 73 This is the secret of the successful growing of groundnuts, which has been known to the Nigerians for many generations. 1969 F. Zweig Israel (1970) Concl. 314 In one or two generations' time the Negev may be turned into a great industrial complex. 2002 S. J. Gould Struct. Evolutionary Theory i. 55 A most unfortunate (if historically understandable) trend that stifled, for several generations, the unification and fruitful expansion of evolutionary theory to all levels and temporal tiers of biology. c. People of similar age who are involved in a particular activity or profession at a given time, considered collectively. ΚΠ 1636 H. Burton For God & King 153 This new generation of Doctors, and Prelates hath Sprung up amongst us. 1708 W. Kennett Excellent Daughter 21 For if these poor Souls should be left altogether expos'd to Ignorance and Vice, they might grow up a common Nusance to their Places of Abode, and might entail upon you a new Generation of Beggars. 1855 A. A. Paton Bulgarian, Turk & German xi. 111 The able Engineer of the age of Wellington..was now heading a younger generation of technicians in devising dams against the new Muscovite inundation. 1857 ‘Capt. Crawley’ Billiards (ed. 2) i. 7 The mace, by the way, is seldom or never used by the present generation of billiard players. 1924 Amer. Mercury Sept. 113/2 They became like the new generation of gamblers—the feeble and furtive kind. 2005 enRoute (Air Canada) Nov. 115/1 [He] calls this new generation of bartenders ‘cocktailians’. d. the —— generation: a generation defined or characterized collectively by —— (typically indicating an influential or emergent cultural or technological phenomenon). See also beat generation n., me generation n. at me pron.¹, n., and adj. Compounds. ΚΠ 1921 Lima (Ohio) News & Times-Democrat 8 May 3/3 The family wealth was equally divided and that generation lived comfortably,..until the automobile generation arrived. 1958 Daily Rec. (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 7 Mar. 10/6 ‘From all this interest we are bound to develop swimmers,’ said John, well known to the TV generation as Tarzan. 1969 Guardian 2 Sept. 9/6 Marcuse, and the hippie generation who represent Marcusian premature antifascists, herald a radical shift towards the sensory, the imaginative and the quietist. 2006 Wired Apr. 135/1 She'll grow up as part of the Gamer Generation, a group whose charter members come of age with Atari and Nintendo. 4. a. A set of members of a family, esp. the offspring of the same parent or parents, regarded as a single step or stage in descent; (also more generally) = degree n. 3.In the reckoning of genealogies, restricted to one individual in the direct line, without regard to collateral descendants. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > [noun] > a line of descent > degree in descent kneec1000 greec1315 generationa1387 degreea1400 descent1538 descendancy1603 remove1741 family tree1752 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [noun] > collectively > at each stage of descent kinc825 kindredlOE kindc1350 generationa1387 offspringa1400 race1562 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 231 Caym his synne was i-punsched seuenfold, þat is in þe seuenþe generacioun; for Lamech was þe seuenþe from Adam in þat lyne. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9262 (MED) Qua-so will se fra adam þe ald Hu mani knes to crist es tald, He sal find, wit-vten mistruns, Sexti hale generacions. a1475 J. Fortescue Governance of Eng. (Laud) (1885) 129 Charles, discended off Carolus Magnus..by ix or x generacions, was put ffrom the kyngdome of Fraunce by Hugh Capite. ?1567 Def. Priestes Mariages (new ed.) 121 Imagine, saieth he, foure generations of onely one mannes issue, & euery of them to be maried. And see what this will grow to in fewe yeres? a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 181 The Canon of the Law is laide on him, Being but the second generation Remoued from thy sinne-conceiuing wombe. View more context for this quotation 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 95 When many generations issuing forth out of one man, who had a certaine marke, do constantly retaine the same marke in some part of their bodies. 1697 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ I. i. xxvi. 146 Whether they are Citizens by a lawful lineage of Progenitors for three generations, and from what Family they assume their Pedigree, whether they derive their Progeny from Paternal Apollo, and Iupiter Herceus? 1723 J. Macky Journey through Scotl. xiv. 326 I can hardly give one Instance in England, of a Families carrying the great Capacity to the Third Generation. 1776 A. M. Refl. Amer. Contest 16 Even the Germans were Englisying in manners as well as habits; for where lands are so easily got, that rigid industry does not last to the third generation. 1816 J. Wilson City of Plague ii. v I have known the family Three generations, and I loved them all. 1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales I. 77 A family party, consisting of three generations; the last a numerous one. 1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. vii. 258 Ætolus, his ancestor in the tenth generation, had quitted Elis. 1866 Reader 17 Mar. 269 The issue of such marriage being admissible to the Bráhmanhood in the seventh generation. 1900 Biol. Bull. 2 126 The ancestors of half of the first generation were exclusively albino for many generations. 1929 R. R. Gates Heredity in Man viii. 154 Brachyphalangy combined with hypophalangy (less than five fingers) was transmitted for six generations. 1996 Amer. Jrnl. Ophthalmol. 121 162 A high degree of consanguinity in the second generation suggested recessive inheritance with a pseudodominant inheritance pattern. 2003 Santa Fe New Mexican (Nexis) 21 Aug. b1 He farmed and ranched the land his family had worked for four generations. b. Modified by an ordinal number, forming adjectives, as first-generation, second-generation, etc.: designating a member of the first (or second, etc.) generation of a family to do something or live somewhere; spec. designating a naturalized immigrant or a descendant of immigrant parents, esp. in the United States. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > migrant > [adjective] > relating to immigrants > types of immigrant salt water1708 transplanted1765 new chum1865 first-generation1896 second-generation1928 totok1963 1896 S. A. Barnett Let. Sept. in H. Barnett Canon Barnett (1918) II. 119 There are the usual Americans. One ‘first-generation man’, as he calls himself..has made a great fortune. 1928 Social Forces 7 242/2 Even in such cosmopolitan groups as the school the second generation Jew encounters some antagonism. 1951 M. McLuhan Mech. Bride 67/1 First-generation immigrants who quickly made good. 1953 E. Coxhead Midlanders vi. 153 Herself a second-generation college girl, she now under-valued the freedoms the pioneers had won. 1960 Guardian 5 Nov. 3/6 A second-generation Kenyan whose father was one of the pioneer settlers in the White Highlands. 1968 ‘L. Black’ Outbreak ix. 86 The number of notifications [of smallpox] will rise sharply, as second and third generation cases emerge from the incubation period. 1980 R. D. Scherini Ital. Amer. Community of San Francisco i. 11 It can be said that second-generation Italian Americans have been economically successful in San Francisco. 1996 Independent on Sunday 13 Oct. (Review Suppl.) 59/1 Chris Geale, a third-generation fish and chipper, has agreed to share his know-how. 2007 J. Ferris And then we came to End ii. i. 237 These first-generation Americans..spend their morning in the dark recess of a loading dock power-spraying the asphalt and the Dumpster. c. (a) A stage in the development of a type of product or technology; the products of such a stage. ΚΠ 1926 Travel Nov. 45/2 The famous flagstoned streets of Guatemala City give a good running surface to the newest generation of ox-carts. 1967 Electronics 6 Mar. 114/1 (advt.) Our all-new nixie tube—the industry's lowest-cost electronic readout, and one sure to usher in a whole new generation of low-cost digital instrumentation. 1974 Esso Mag. Summer 7 The next generation of platforms, now under construction, are concrete structures. 2006 New Scientist 18 Nov. 21/2 The team that isolated the substance..hope that it may spawn a new generation of painkillers without the negative addictive and psychological effects of morphine. (b) A recognized stage in the development of computers. Usually with prefixed numeral, frequently forming attributive phrases; as first, second, etc., generation.The consistently defined generations are the first (employing valves), the second (employing transistors), and the fifth (envisaged as including the capacity for artificial intelligence). ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > hardware > computer > [noun] > stages of development generation1952 fourth generation1963 1952 Rev. Electronic Digital Computers (Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers) 109/3 In building the first generation of electronic digital computers, we have learned the magnitude of the engineering involved. 1963 Computer Jrnl. 6 144/1 It has recently become conventional to distinguish between ‘first-generation computers’ and ‘second-generation computers’. The term second-generation computer has come to mean transistorized core-store computers, mostly with some sort of time-sharing routine. 1979 G. Bear Psychlone 187 What is it, you need advice on semiconductors for your fifth-generation computers? 1984 QL User Dec. 18 A fifth-generation computer is an artificial intelligence machine, a super-expert system. 2002 S. Mueller Upgrading & repairing PCs (ed. 14) i. 22 The fourth and current generation of the modern computer includes those that incorporate microprocessors. d. Particle Physics. Each of three (or possibly more) groups of fermions, each containing four particles such that corresponding particles in different generations differ only in mass (which increases from the first generation to the third).The first generation comprises the electron, the electron neutrino, and the down and up quarks; the second comprises the muon, the muon neutrino, and the strange and charm quarks; the third comprises the tau particle, the tau neutrino, and the bottom and top quarks. ΚΠ 1976 H. Harari Beyond Charm Lect. 29th Summer School Theoretical Physics, Les Houches 62 It is, therefore, clear that a striking quark-lepton similarity exists both in the first generation and in the second generation of fundamental fermions. 1978 Nature 2 Feb. 406/3 These lepton and quark pairs are today known as the ‘first generation’ of elementary fermions... If there is a third generation of leptons, theorists have argued that there should be a third generation of quarks. 1987 W. J. Marciano & M. Goldhaber in B. N. Kursunoglu & E. P. Wigner Reminisc. Great Physicist (1990) xiii. 170 Each 27-plet contains an ordinary fermion generation as well as an additional color triplet quark and three new leptons. 1999 Nature 20 May 201/3 Unlike the strong and electromagnetic interactions,..the weak interaction mixes the generations, and connects up-like quarks (up, charm, top) to down-like quarks (down, strange, bottom). 2006 P. Woit Not even Wrong vi. 76 The lowest-mass generation contains all the stable particles that make up our everyday world. 5. Fruit, produce, esp. wine as the produce of the vine. archaic and rare after 17th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > berry > [noun] > grape > grapes generationa1425 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > grape > grapes generationa1425 a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Ecclus. vi. 20 As he that erith and that sowith..abide thou the goode fruytis therof..thou schalt ete soone of the generaciouns [a1382 E.V. getingus; L. generationibus] therof. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 244 b/2 I shalle not drynke of thys generacion of the vyne tofore I shalle drynke it newe wyth you [etc.]. 1565 tr. J. Jewel Replie Hardinges Answeare x. 437 I wil drinke no more of this Generation of the Vine. 1655 J. Spencer Script. Mistaken vi. 263 That the very literall sense of the words retayned, and referred to the consecrated chalice, conclude no more then this, that our Sauiour spake of the species of wine; which is properly the propagation or generation of the vine. 1692 P. Allix Remarks Eccl. Hist. Albigenses ii. 13 What Jesus Christ gave to his Disciples in the Cup, was the Generation or Product of the Vine. 2004 S. J. Campbell Cabinet of Eros (2006) iv. 137 This dynamic commingling of the four elements,..resulting..in the generation of the vine, known as a ‘fiery’ product of the earth, alluded to in the grape clusters over Vulcan's forge. II. The action of generating. 6. a. The action or fact of bringing something into existence by natural or artificial processes; formation, production. †Also: mode of formation, nature of origin (obsolete).In scholastic philosophy, based on the ideas of Aristotle, generation (γένεσις ‘coming into being’) and corruption (ϕθορά ‘decay, ceasing to be’) are often mentioned as opposing processes which together constitute one of the fundamental modes of change in the natural world. Hence the frequent allusive use of the words, e.g. in quot. 1611. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > production generationa1382 engenderinga1400 outbearinga1425 productionc1450 produce1562 prolation1577 procreation1578 generating1579 edition1605 producement1613 elaboration1617 flowering1634 pullulation1641 factory1664 development1794 output1841 output1887 the world > existence and causation > creation > [noun] > style of creation or construction shaft888 suitc1330 generationa1382 makinga1398 frame?1520 workmanship1578 imagerya1592 model1597 fabricaturec1600 builtc1615 fabric1644 module1649 get-up1857 fashioning1870 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. ii. 4 Þez ben þe generaciouns [L. generationes] of heuen & erþe. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. xi. vii. 585 Somtyme is so greet generacioun of hete by gaderinge of bemes..þat þe vapour is as it were ibrent. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 49 Wiþ þis poudre þe generacioun of þese poris may be mendid. ?1520 J. Rastell Nature .iiii. Element sig. Ai^v Of the generacyon and cause of stone & metall and of plantis and herbys. 1563 W. Fulke Goodle Gallerye Causes Meteors v. f. 62^v Sand..is of the same generation consisting of many small bodies, which ar congeled into stones. 1611 T. Middleton & T. Dekker Roaring Girle sig. E3^v Would you know a catchpoole rightly deriu'd, the corruption of a Cittizen, is the generation of a seriant. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. iii. 155 Those insensible Corpuscules which daily produce such Considerable effects in the generation and corruption of Bodies about us. 1797 W. Godwin Enquirer i. i. 1 The true object of education..is the generation of happiness. 1832 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 2) II. 210 The generation of peat, when not completely under water, is confined to moist situations. 1897 Times 27 Mar. 12/3 The explosion, which is attributed to the generation of coal gas, was heard all over the town. 1969 E. P. Anderson Home Appliance Servicing (ed. 2) vi. 92 The steam iron has facilities for the generation of steam. 2004 J. Emsley Vanity, Vitality, & Virility (2006) iii. 94 All these love potions and pleasure enhancers ultimately rely on the generation of NO in the body. b. The production of electric current for practical use. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrical power, electricity > [noun] > generation of generation1885 1885 Science 16 Jan. 45/2 The problem of electric lighting is to find a cheaper motor than the steam-engine to drive the dynamo-electric engine... No advance has been made this year in the generation of electricity by thermo-electricity. 1901 Westm. Gaz. 14 Nov. 8/3 The generation plant for the first section of the new electric tramways. 1943 J. S. Huxley TVA i. 9 Flood-control could be readily tied up..with the profitable generation of electric power. 2002 Economist 6 July 93/3 True visionaries will notice that, since it produces hydrogen, it permits the generation of electricity by fuel cells..as well as conventional gas turbines. c. Linguistics. The process of deriving the sentences of a language from the grammatical rules, esp. from a generative grammar. Also (in quot. 1963): the process of forming linguistic utterances out of their constituent parts. ΚΠ 1959 Word 15 234 Following through with a very condensed generation sequence (in which most irrelevant rules and choices are omitted), we might have something like this. 1959 Word 15 237 A short sample idiom-generation might look like this. 1963 J. Lyons Struct. Semantics ii. 31 In the learning and use of language there are two complementary factors to be reckoned with. These I shall call generation and recall... By ‘generation’ [I mean] the construction of a form by the individual speaker from elements which are themselves taken from ‘storage’. 1965 N. Chomsky Aspects Theory Syntax i. 60 Both weak and strong generation are determined by the procedure. 1997 W. B. McGregor Semiotic Gram. ii. ii. 47 Modern grammatical theories, with their concentration on algorithmic processes of generation, have tended to obscure the fundamental place of paradigmatic and syntagmatic relationships. 7. a. The act or process of reproducing a living organism; procreation; the propagation of species. Formerly also: †the manner or process of being reproduced (obsolete).In quots. a1382, a1400: spec. the capacity for procreation.equivocal, spontaneous generation: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > [noun] i-streonc893 strainc950 akennessOE spreadingOE upspringc1000 akenningOE akennednessOE strainc1175 streningc1230 begetc1330 begettingc1330 engendrurec1350 generationa1382 gettinga1382 genderingc1384 multiplicationa1387 increase1390 prolificationa1393 procreationc1395 engenderinga1400 gendrure?a1400 engendure?a1425 progeniturec1429 propagation?1440 teemingc1450 breeda1500 geniturea1500 engenderment1507 progeneration1548 fathering1549 engender1556 race1561 multiplying1599 pullulation1641 progermination1648 reproduction1713 face-making1785 baby-making1827 begettal1864 fertility1866 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Isa. lxvi. 9 ‘If I, that ieneracioun [L. generationem] to othere men ȝyue, bareyn shal be?’ seith the Lord. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. vi. iii. 294 Aboute þe getynge and generacioun of a childe, it nediþ to haue couenable mater, and spedeful place. a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 176 (MED) Woundis þat ben in þe ballokis, þei roten hem anoon..his generacioun is lore. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 116 Membres..of generacioun..maked been for bothe That is to sey, for office and for ese Of engendrure. ?a1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. iii. pr. xi. l. 192 Nature desireth and requireth alwey..the werk of generacioun. ?c1500 Wisdom (Digby) l. 460 Of lust and lykyng comyth generacion. 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 547/1 His generacion (that is to wyt his being borne of God by the seed of god..) doth preserue and kepe hym. 1576 A. Fleming tr. G. Macropedius in Panoplie Epist. 364 The condition of men, even from their generation, is, in their owne sweate to earne their owne meate. 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §608 Generation by Copulation (certainly) extendeth not to Plants. 1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection v. iv. 265 in Justice Vindicated Nor are all Creatures at all times alike disposed to Generation, but apted and disposed thereunto from some exterior cause. 1752 D. Hume Polit. Disc. x. 159 There is in all men, both male and female, a desire and power of generation more active than is ever universally exerted. 1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier Animal Kingdom (abridged ed.) 474 A little thread that appears to be an organ of generation. 1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. i. 46 In the higher animals, the act of reproduction is accomplished by means of special organs: this is Generative Reproduction, or Generation. 1916 M. G. Kains Propagation of Plants i. 4 The geranium..may be propagated by means of cuttings, and thus not only its numbers increased indefinitely, but its life thus extended by asexual generation. 1940 G. S. Carter Gen. Zool. Invertebr. xx. 411 The sexual generation (heterosyllis) [in polychaetes] differs from the asexual reproduction only in details of structure, in the parapodia and other parts of the body. 2000 M. G. Lawler in A. Hastings et al. Oxf. Compan. Christian Thought 410/1 From earliest history, under the influence of a physicalist paradigm that took for granted that sexual intercourse was for the generation of children, marriage has been held to have two purposes. b. Theology. The begetting of God the Son by God the Father. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > the Trinity > [noun] > person of > origin of one from another processiona1398 generation1659 prolation1692 probole1696 c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 827 Hys generacyoun quo recen con, Þat dyȝed for vus in Iherusalem? R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 14 Evyn treuly as þe begynnynge of þe godhede be no reson nor no witt may be fun..so þe generacioun of þe sone with þe euerlastynge of þe godhede vnchaungyngly bydis. a1500 Hymnal in R. S. Loomis Medieval Stud. in Memory G. S. Loomis (1927) 455 Criste..Off þe fadyr al only generate, Whos generacyone noo worde ascrye Ne tellen cane. ?1547 J. Bale Trag. Chefe Promyses of God sig. Aii Yea, first ye shall haue, the eternall generacyon Of Christ lyke as Iohan, in hys first chapt[er] wryght. 1595 W. Perkins Expos. Creed Apostles 325 Which place must be understood not so much of the eternall generation of Christ before all worlds, as of the manifestation therof in time after this maner. 1615 N. Byfield Expos. Epist. Coloss. 112 Two things are here to be considered of Christ: 1. that he is Gods Sonne, by generation: 2. that he is the first begotten. 1659 J. Pearson Expos. Apostles Creed ii. 280 The generation of Christ admits no regeneration, he becoming at once thereby God and Son and heir of all. 1720 D. Waterland 8 Serm. Divinity of Christ 107 The Arians..had some plausible things to urge, particularly in respect of the Generation of the Son. 1756 J. Potts Serm. Death James Fall 5 He was the God and Father of Christ, in respect of his eternal Generation, which none can declare. 1805 T. Belsham Vindication iv. 66 The orthodox..began to represent the Son as a distinct intelligent Being, derived indeed from the Father by necessary generation, but in all other respects equal with him, and only united to him as partaking of the same divine nature. 1898 W. Adamson Life J. Morison 42 The doctrines of the eternal generation of the Son and the eternal spiration of the Spirit. 1947 Jrnl. Relig. 27 129 The conception of the Trinity expresses the outgoing love of the Father in the generation of the Son. 1999 D. M. Coffey Deus Trinitas 30 I have here argued against the position that obtains in the East, that the primary trinitarian facts are the generation of the Son and the procession of the Holy Spirit, each from the Father. 8. Ancestry, lineage, descent; (formerly also) †an account of this, a genealogy, a pedigree (obsolete). Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > [noun] kinc892 strindc900 i-cundeOE bloodOE kindredOE birtha1250 strainc1275 gesta1300 offspring?a1300 lineagea1330 descentc1330 linec1330 progenya1382 generationc1384 engendrurec1390 ancestry?a1400 genealogya1400 kind?a1400 stranda1400 coming?a1425 bedc1430 descencec1443 descension1447 ligneea1450 originc1450 family1474 originala1475 extraction1477 nativityc1485 parentelea1492 stirpc1503 stem?c1550 race1563 parentage1565 brood1590 ancientry1596 descendance1599 breeding1600 descendancy1603 delineation1606 extract1631 ancestory1650 agnation1782 havage1799 engendure1867 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. i. 1 The boke of generacioun [L. generationis] of Jhesu Crist. ?a1518 H. Watson Ualentyne & Orson (1555) xxix. sig. Z.iv I am called Ualentyne and am a poore aduenturer, that of my generacyon and lygnage had neuer knowlege and yet I sawe, neuer the fader by whome I was engendred nor the moder that bare me. ?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth l. f. lxv They wolde desyre and couet good chyldren and honorable lynage to procede of their stocke and generacion. 1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 233 They derive their generation from the Cretan Jupiter. 1680 J. Owen Contin. Expos. Epist. Paul vii. 114 A Generation, a Descent, a Pedigree, not absolutely, but Rehearsed, Described, Recorded. 1768 I. Harman Creed Eternal Generationists 22 If any such Man that could gather the Wind in his Fists, bind the Waters in a Garment, or establish all the Ends of the Earth, ever were in the World, tell us somewhat of his Generation or Pedigree. 1834 S. T. Coleridge Table-talk (1836) 308 The generation of the modern worldly Dissenter was thus: Presbyterian, Arian, Socinian, and last, Unitarian. 1900 ‘H. Haliburton’ Horace in Homespun (new ed.) 62 George, son of lairds that awn'd the laund, Sin' Scotland was a nation—And yet ye tak' a higher staund Than that o' generation. 1996 E. N. Wilmsen in E. N. Wilmsen & P. McAllister Politics of Difference Introd. 6 These condensible features include in variable combination class, descent or generation, economics, gender, land or territory, language, [etc.]. Compounds generation-conscious adj. aware of being part of one's own generation, esp. in terms of how it differs from previous generations. ΚΠ 1930 R. Macaulay Staying with Relations iv. 57 ‘I remember an air raid,’ said Julian. ‘They woke me up and carried me down to the basement. I am the air raid generation.’ ‘They're terribly generation-conscious,’ Adrian explained. 1934 R. Campbell Broken Rec. 50 Quarrelling with my father made me generation-conscious. 1999 R. Hoggart First & Last Things (2002) p. xviii Such truths, even the most apparently obvious, have to be rediscovered in each generation, even by those so generation-conscious that they often assume that no truths are carried over. generation gap n. a difference of attitudes and values between people of different generations, esp. parents and children, leading to a lack of understanding; cf. gap n.¹ 6a. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > unintelligibility > [noun] > instance of lock1563 incomprehensibility1651 inscrutables1665 incomprehensible1678 inconceivable1706 I know not what1711 unknowable1725 unsearchable1725 indefinable1810 a sealed book1814 unknowable1816 unintelligible1838 inconceivability1851 imponderable1855 inscrutablenessa1864 unfathomability1867 unthinkable1871 closed book1913 intangible1914 imponderabilia1925 generation gap1962 1962 Daily Record (Stroudsburg, Pa.) 28 July 6/1 (headline) Generation gap affects parent-child relations. 1969 W. Garner Us or Them War xxi. 167 He said, ‘Patti, whatever becomes of the generation gap?’ She said, ‘I jumped across.’ 1979 Harrowsmith Aug. 9/2 I don't know what ‘eco-chic’ means (it must be the generation gap again). 2003 J. Gamble Shanghai in Transition i. 58 A distinctive youth culture along with a generation gap has emerged in Shanghai. generation ship n. Science Fiction a spaceship whose intended journey is so long that its destination must be reached by the descendants of the original crew. ΚΠ 1955 New Worlds Sci. Fiction June 125 The generation ship depends on new blood replacing the old, but the danger is that the new blood will forget what it should remember. 2000 K. MacLeod Cosmonaut Keep (2001) 47 He could have lived with a universe whose interstellar gulfs could be crossed only with generation ships, cold-sleep or ramscoops. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1325
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