gaffern.

Brit.

/ˈɡafə/, U.S.

/ˈɡæfər/

Forms: Also 1500s, 1700s gaffar.

Etymology: The analogy of the continental synonyms, French compère, commère, German gevatter, would suggest that gaffer, gammer are contractions of godfather, godmother rather than of grandfather, -mother; but the change of vowel may be due to association with these words.

1. A term applied originally by country people to an elderly man or one whose position entitled him to respect.

a. Prefixed by way of respect (sometimes with an affectation of rusticity) to a proper name, the designation of a calling, office, etc. In 17–18th centuries the usual prefix, in rustic speech, to the name of a man below the rank of those addressed as ‘Master’ (cf. goodman n.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > [noun] > title > for a man

Mra1449

goodman1560

gaffer1575

mister1722

bro1832

bra1880

1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle v. ii. sig. Eii^v Then chad ben drest be like, as ill by the masse, as gaffar vicar.

1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie 200 Were they called Gaffer Bishops, or had they not more honorable Titles?

1651 T. Randolph et al. Hey for Honesty i. i. 1/1 This same Gaffer Phoebus is a good Mountebanck, and an excellent musitian.

1693 G. Firmin Πανουργια iv. 31 For a Man, who before was but a Gaffer, to be now called Master, to have the people follow him, and he to frequent their Tables, is a better Trade, then to be Threshing, or such like work.

1714 J. Gay Shepherd's Week v. 151 For Gaffer Tread-well told us by the by, Excessive Sorrow is exceeding dry.

1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. i. ii. 5 Mr. Joseph Andrews..was esteemed to be the only Son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews.

1806 ‘C. Caustic’ Democracy Unveiled (ed. 3) I. iii. 89 Made them shake hands both wig and tory As Gaffer Homer tells the story.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iv, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 110 You have marred my ramble, Gaffer Glover.

b. Used simply as a title of address, often with no intimation of respect = my good fellow.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > man > [noun] > as a form of address

lordOE

wye1340

gentleman1534

old fellow1567

gaff1573

godhood1586

gaffer1590

dad1605

daddy1681

hearty1735

cock-of-wax1790

governor1819

bub1839

smarty1847

doc1870

guy1876

Sunny Jim1903

big guy1910

chief1927

daddy-o1944

pops1944

tosh1954

Sonny Jim1960

ese1961

majita1963

G1990

mi'jito1990

1590 R. Wilson Three Lordes & Three Ladies London sig. C You speak too late gaffar, hauing challenged preheminence.

1629 J. Ford Lovers Melancholy iii. 67 [51] I pray, your blessing Gaffer.

a1658 J. Cleveland Clievelandi Vindiciæ (1677) 132 But, hark you, Gaffer; you that will tear the Speech and blow away the Sand.

1755 T. Smollett tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote II. iii. xiii. 276 Gaffer, said he, is there stuff enough here to make me a cap?

1796 G. M. Woodward Eccentric Excurs. 89 The [Bucks] women, resolving not to drop a good old custom, call their husbands Gaffer.

1856 J. H. Newman Callista 67 My good old gaffer, you're one of the old world.

1884 J. Payne tr. Tales from Arabic II. 42 Harkye, gaffer! Thou hast no knowledge of this ass's case.

2. An elderly rustic; an old fellow. Also simply, a fellow.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [noun]

churlc1275

Hobc1325

Hodgec1386

charla1400

carlc1405

peasanta1450

hoggler1465

agrest1480

hoggener1488

rustical?1532

boor1548

rusticc1550

kern1556

clown1563

Jocka1568

John Uponlanda1568

russet coat1568

rustican1570

hind?1577

Corydon1581

gaffer1589

gran1591

russeting1597

dunghill1608

hog rubber1611

carlota1616

high shoe1647

Bonhomme1660

high-shoon-man1664

cot1695

ruralist1739

Johnnya1774

Harry1796

bodach1830

bucolic1862

cafone1872

bogman1891

country bookie1904

desi1907

middle peasant1929

woodchuck1931

swede-basher1943

moegoe1953

shit-kicker1961

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > [noun] > person

swaina1150

ladc1300

loon1535

blue coat1583

gaffer1589

snake1590

meaner1596

frock1612

groundling1630

frock-man1657

coolie1803

simple1824

yellow dog1862

Harry1874

smock-frock1898

1589 J. Lyly Pappe with Hatchet 7 Now haue at you all my gaffers of the rayling religion.

1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 2nd Bk. Wks. xxxi. 207 The best little gafer that was to be seen between this and the end of a staffe.

1710 Dame Huddle's Let. My gaffer only said, he would inform himself as well as he could against next election and keep a good conscience.

17.. Country Vicar in Fawkes Poems (Chalmers) 278 And through the parish, with their how d'ye, Go to each gaffer and each goody.

1862 T. A. Trollope Marietta I. iii. 41 The gaffers and gammers of the quarter..gossiped Tuscan-wise on their doorsteps.

1882 M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal II. iii. 27 The old gaffers and goodies had known her all their lives.

a. A master, a ‘governor’. Obsolete exc. dialect.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > one who is in charge

gaffera1658

old man1668

governor1783

head woman1799

boss1806

oyakata1818

guv'nor1843

head-worker1846

jossc1860

Guv1861

Maluka1905

big guy1921

skip1921

kingfish1930

boss-man1934

pitch-and-toss1942

honcho1945

head honcho1952

a1658 J. Cleveland Clievelandi Vindiciæ (1677) 88 Every twice a day the Teaching Gaffer Brings up his Easter-book to Chaffer.

1735 W. Pardon Dyche's New Gen. Eng. Dict. Gaffer, a familiar Word mostly used in the Country for Master.

1876 G. L. Gower Surrey Provincialisms (at cited word) ‘Look out! here comes the gaffer.’

1881 S. Evans Evans's Leicestershire Words (new ed.) Gaffer, the master of the house, farm, etc.

b. The foreman or overman of a gang of workmen; a headman.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > overseer or foreman

stewarda1400

surveyorc1440

supervisorc1454

overlookera1513

workmaster1525

supervisora1529

foreman1574

superintendent1575

overman1606

headman1725

overseer1766

gang leader1775

hagmaster1797

maistry1798

gangsman1803

kangany1817

capataz1826

gangman1830

ganger1836

gaffer1841

gang boss1863

ramrod1881

charge-man1885

mandor1885

captain1886

overganger1887

ephor1890

pusher1901

gangster1913

line manager1960

1841 C. H. Hartshorne Salopia Antiqua Gloss. Gaffer, a superintendant, overlooker, head workman, leader of a band of reapers.

1856 Househ. Words 13 545/2 Their own arrangement was made..entirely by the men and their gaffers (sub~contractors).

1862 Chambers's Jrnl. 215/2 The overman, or ‘t' gaffer’, as the banksman called him, at once volunteered to shew me over the mine.

1897 Daily Chron. 28 Oct. 4/7 Some of the employers and gaffers keep public-houses and provision shops.

Derivatives

ˈgaffership n. the position of gaffer.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > position or job > [noun] > position or office of specific workers

plumbership1455

portership1521

clerkship1531

factorshipc1550

pavership1597

mastership1688

private secretaryship1789

writership1810

taskmastership1815

factoryship1836

engineership1839

foremanship1853

improvership1864

call boy1877

gaffership1895

producership1924

operatorship1934

1895 Cornhill Mag. July 20 This ‘gaffership’ suited Cleg so well that [etc.]

Draft additions August 2001

Originally U.S. The chief electrician in a film or television production unit, esp. in a lighting crew.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > filming unit or team > [noun] > others involved in filming

director of photography1916

grip1918

continuity writer1921

script girl1922

gaffer1926

production manager1927

best boy1931

production assistant1932

continuity girl1933

titler1933

clapper-boy1937

AD1957

1926 Picture-play Mag. Nov. 12/3 Gaffer, chief electrician on a motion-picture set.

1936 Words Oct. 6/2 The head electrician is the ‘gaffer’..‘best boy’ is the gaffer's assistant.

1954 Western Folklore 13 9 ‘Gaffer’..usually applies peculiarly to electrical foremen. The ‘gaffer's’ assistant is the ‘best boy’.

1986 K. Malkiewicz Film Lighting 20/1 Most often cameramen leave it to the gaffer to decide on the particular lighting instruments to be used.

1993 Independent on Sunday 24 Oct. (Review Suppl.) 26/2 You spot the slender beauty of Michelle Pfeiffer or Isabella Rossellini, but they're nearly lost in the throng of fat, bearded gaffers and grips, their belts ringed with tools.

Draft additions August 2001

gaffer tape n. (also gaffa tape, gaffer's tape) [after use of the tape by electricians for holding electrical cables securely in place] a strong, cloth-backed, waterproof, adhesive tape (cf. duck tape n. at duck n.³ Additions, duct tape n. at duct n. Additions).

ΚΠ

1972 Professional Motion Picture Equipm. Catal. (Alan Gordon Enterprises Inc.) No. 10. 37 (advt.) Order a full supply of cinematographer's tape now... Gaffer 2″ x60 yds. grey dull $1.95.

1977 Newsweek 7 Feb. 36/1 Arvidson borrowed some ‘gaffer's tape’ from a TV technician.

1986 K. Malkiewicz Film Lighting 40 Their function can be further modified with gaffer tape.

2001 Evening Standard (Nexis) 5 Mar. 26 One is dressed in a sky-blue, graffiti T-shirt with fluorescent squiggles and gaffa tape stuck on it.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	gaffer
释义	gaffern. Brit. /ˈɡafə/, U.S. /ˈɡæfər/ Forms: Also 1500s, 1700s gaffar. Etymology: The analogy of the continental synonyms, French compère, commère, German gevatter, would suggest that gaffer, gammer are contractions of godfather, godmother rather than of grandfather, -mother; but the change of vowel may be due to association with these words. 1. A term applied originally by country people to an elderly man or one whose position entitled him to respect. a. Prefixed by way of respect (sometimes with an affectation of rusticity) to a proper name, the designation of a calling, office, etc. In 17–18th centuries the usual prefix, in rustic speech, to the name of a man below the rank of those addressed as ‘Master’ (cf. goodman n.). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous forms of address or title > [noun] > title > for a man Mra1449 goodman1560 gaffer1575 mister1722 bro1832 bra1880 1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle v. ii. sig. Eii^v Then chad ben drest be like, as ill by the masse, as gaffar vicar. 1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie 200 Were they called Gaffer Bishops, or had they not more honorable Titles? 1651 T. Randolph et al. Hey for Honesty i. i. 1/1 This same Gaffer Phoebus is a good Mountebanck, and an excellent musitian. 1693 G. Firmin Πανουργια iv. 31 For a Man, who before was but a Gaffer, to be now called Master, to have the people follow him, and he to frequent their Tables, is a better Trade, then to be Threshing, or such like work. 1714 J. Gay Shepherd's Week v. 151 For Gaffer Tread-well told us by the by, Excessive Sorrow is exceeding dry. 1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews I. i. ii. 5 Mr. Joseph Andrews..was esteemed to be the only Son of Gaffar and Gammer Andrews. View more context for this quotation 1806 ‘C. Caustic’ Democracy Unveiled (ed. 3) I. iii. 89 Made them shake hands both wig and tory As Gaffer Homer tells the story. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iv, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 110 You have marred my ramble, Gaffer Glover. b. Used simply as a title of address, often with no intimation of respect = my good fellow. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > man > [noun] > as a form of address lordOE wye1340 gentleman1534 old fellow1567 gaff1573 godhood1586 gaffer1590 dad1605 daddy1681 hearty1735 cock-of-wax1790 governor1819 bub1839 smarty1847 doc1870 guy1876 Sunny Jim1903 big guy1910 chief1927 daddy-o1944 pops1944 tosh1954 Sonny Jim1960 ese1961 majita1963 G1990 mi'jito1990 1590 R. Wilson Three Lordes & Three Ladies London sig. C You speak too late gaffar, hauing challenged preheminence. 1629 J. Ford Lovers Melancholy iii. 67 [51] I pray, your blessing Gaffer. a1658 J. Cleveland Clievelandi Vindiciæ (1677) 132 But, hark you, Gaffer; you that will tear the Speech and blow away the Sand. 1755 T. Smollett tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote II. iii. xiii. 276 Gaffer, said he, is there stuff enough here to make me a cap? 1796 G. M. Woodward Eccentric Excurs. 89 The [Bucks] women, resolving not to drop a good old custom, call their husbands Gaffer. 1856 J. H. Newman Callista 67 My good old gaffer, you're one of the old world. 1884 J. Payne tr. Tales from Arabic II. 42 Harkye, gaffer! Thou hast no knowledge of this ass's case. 2. An elderly rustic; an old fellow. Also simply, a fellow. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > specific classes of common people > peasant or rustic > [noun] churlc1275 Hobc1325 Hodgec1386 charla1400 carlc1405 peasanta1450 hoggler1465 agrest1480 hoggener1488 rustical?1532 boor1548 rusticc1550 kern1556 clown1563 Jocka1568 John Uponlanda1568 russet coat1568 rustican1570 hind?1577 Corydon1581 gaffer1589 gran1591 russeting1597 dunghill1608 hog rubber1611 carlota1616 high shoe1647 Bonhomme1660 high-shoon-man1664 cot1695 ruralist1739 Johnnya1774 Harry1796 bodach1830 bucolic1862 cafone1872 bogman1891 country bookie1904 desi1907 middle peasant1929 woodchuck1931 swede-basher1943 moegoe1953 shit-kicker1961 society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > [noun] > person swaina1150 ladc1300 loon1535 blue coat1583 gaffer1589 snake1590 meaner1596 frock1612 groundling1630 frock-man1657 coolie1803 simple1824 yellow dog1862 Harry1874 smock-frock1898 1589 J. Lyly Pappe with Hatchet 7 Now haue at you all my gaffers of the rayling religion. 1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 2nd Bk. Wks. xxxi. 207 The best little gafer that was to be seen between this and the end of a staffe. 1710 Dame Huddle's Let. My gaffer only said, he would inform himself as well as he could against next election and keep a good conscience. 17.. Country Vicar in Fawkes Poems (Chalmers) 278 And through the parish, with their how d'ye, Go to each gaffer and each goody. 1862 T. A. Trollope Marietta I. iii. 41 The gaffers and gammers of the quarter..gossiped Tuscan-wise on their doorsteps. 1882 M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal II. iii. 27 The old gaffers and goodies had known her all their lives. 3. a. A master, a ‘governor’. Obsolete exc. dialect. ΘΚΠ society > authority > control > person in control > [noun] > one who is in charge gaffera1658 old man1668 governor1783 head woman1799 boss1806 oyakata1818 guv'nor1843 head-worker1846 jossc1860 Guv1861 Maluka1905 big guy1921 skip1921 kingfish1930 boss-man1934 pitch-and-toss1942 honcho1945 head honcho1952 a1658 J. Cleveland Clievelandi Vindiciæ (1677) 88 Every twice a day the Teaching Gaffer Brings up his Easter-book to Chaffer. 1735 W. Pardon Dyche's New Gen. Eng. Dict. Gaffer, a familiar Word mostly used in the Country for Master. 1876 G. L. Gower Surrey Provincialisms (at cited word) ‘Look out! here comes the gaffer.’ 1881 S. Evans Evans's Leicestershire Words (new ed.) Gaffer, the master of the house, farm, etc. b. The foreman or overman of a gang of workmen; a headman. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to status > [noun] > overseer or foreman stewarda1400 surveyorc1440 supervisorc1454 overlookera1513 workmaster1525 supervisora1529 foreman1574 superintendent1575 overman1606 headman1725 overseer1766 gang leader1775 hagmaster1797 maistry1798 gangsman1803 kangany1817 capataz1826 gangman1830 ganger1836 gaffer1841 gang boss1863 ramrod1881 charge-man1885 mandor1885 captain1886 overganger1887 ephor1890 pusher1901 gangster1913 line manager1960 1841 C. H. Hartshorne Salopia Antiqua Gloss. Gaffer, a superintendant, overlooker, head workman, leader of a band of reapers. 1856 Househ. Words 13 545/2 Their own arrangement was made..entirely by the men and their gaffers (sub~contractors). 1862 Chambers's Jrnl. 215/2 The overman, or ‘t' gaffer’, as the banksman called him, at once volunteered to shew me over the mine. 1897 Daily Chron. 28 Oct. 4/7 Some of the employers and gaffers keep public-houses and provision shops. Derivatives ˈgaffership n. the position of gaffer. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > position or job > [noun] > position or office of specific workers plumbership1455 portership1521 clerkship1531 factorshipc1550 pavership1597 mastership1688 private secretaryship1789 writership1810 taskmastership1815 factoryship1836 engineership1839 foremanship1853 improvership1864 call boy1877 gaffership1895 producership1924 operatorship1934 1895 Cornhill Mag. July 20 This ‘gaffership’ suited Cleg so well that [etc.] Draft additions August 2001 Originally U.S. The chief electrician in a film or television production unit, esp. in a lighting crew. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > filming unit or team > [noun] > others involved in filming director of photography1916 grip1918 continuity writer1921 script girl1922 gaffer1926 production manager1927 best boy1931 production assistant1932 continuity girl1933 titler1933 clapper-boy1937 AD1957 1926 Picture-play Mag. Nov. 12/3 Gaffer, chief electrician on a motion-picture set. 1936 Words Oct. 6/2 The head electrician is the ‘gaffer’..‘best boy’ is the gaffer's assistant. 1954 Western Folklore 13 9 ‘Gaffer’..usually applies peculiarly to electrical foremen. The ‘gaffer's’ assistant is the ‘best boy’. 1986 K. Malkiewicz Film Lighting 20/1 Most often cameramen leave it to the gaffer to decide on the particular lighting instruments to be used. 1993 Independent on Sunday 24 Oct. (Review Suppl.) 26/2 You spot the slender beauty of Michelle Pfeiffer or Isabella Rossellini, but they're nearly lost in the throng of fat, bearded gaffers and grips, their belts ringed with tools. Draft additions August 2001 gaffer tape n. (also gaffa tape, gaffer's tape) [after use of the tape by electricians for holding electrical cables securely in place] a strong, cloth-backed, waterproof, adhesive tape (cf. duck tape n. at duck n.³ Additions, duct tape n. at duct n. Additions). ΚΠ 1972 Professional Motion Picture Equipm. Catal. (Alan Gordon Enterprises Inc.) No. 10. 37 (advt.) Order a full supply of cinematographer's tape now... Gaffer 2″ x60 yds. grey dull $1.95. 1977 Newsweek 7 Feb. 36/1 Arvidson borrowed some ‘gaffer's tape’ from a TV technician. 1986 K. Malkiewicz Film Lighting 40 Their function can be further modified with gaffer tape. 2001 Evening Standard (Nexis) 5 Mar. 26 One is dressed in a sky-blue, graffiti T-shirt with fluorescent squiggles and gaffa tape stuck on it. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > as lemmas ˈgaffer ˈgaffer n. one who gaffs fish. (In some modern dictionaries.) extracted from gaffv.¹ ˈgaffer ˈgaffer n. one who ‘gaffs’ or ‘tosses up’. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > games of chance > two up, etc. > [noun] > player gaffer1828 spinner1911 ringie1917 1828 ‘J. Bee’ Living Picture London 241 If the person calling for ‘man’ or ‘woman’, is not right or wrong at five pieces, neither of the gaffers win or lose, but go again. extracted from gaffv.² < n.1575 as lemmas
随便看	θ184645 θ184646 θ184647 θ184648 θ184649 θ18465 θ184650 θ184651 θ184652 θ184653 θ184654 θ184655 θ184656 θ184657 θ184658 θ184659 θ18466 θ184660 θ184661 θ184662 θ184663 θ184664 θ184665 θ184666 θ184667

gaffern.

Derivatives

Draft additions August 2001

Draft additions August 2001

> as lemmas