Gaertnern.¹

Brit.

/ˈɡɛːtnə/, U.S.

/ˈɡɛrtnər/

Forms: 1800s– Gaertner, 1900s– Gärtner.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Gärtner.

Etymology: < the name of August Anton Hieronymus Gärtner, German bacteriologist (1848–1934).Gärtner first described the bacterium in 1888 ( Correspondenz-Blätter des allgemeinen ärztlichen Vereins von Thüringen 17 573). The form Gaertner reflects the German convention of using ae instead of ä where a suitable letter type is not available.

Now historical.

In the genitive and attributive. Designating the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, which is a major cause of food poisoning. Also: designating a group of bacteria including this and closely related salmonellae, and infections with such bacteria.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > [noun] > by infected food

beestings1607

raphania1773

food poisoning1856

botulism1858

ergotism1864

sausage-poisoning1876

Gaertner1897

grain-intoxication1897

grain-poisoning1897

tyrotoxism1900

salmonellosis1913

ichthyosarcotoxism1953

Salmonella1962

the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > bacterium > [noun] > types of

vibrio1850

micrococcus1870

microzyme1870

Spirillum1875

mycothrix1876

leptothrix1877

Spirochaete1877

streptococcus1877

Actinomyces1879

frogspawn1880

schizophyte1880

schizomycetes1881

gonococcus1882

saprophile1882

vibrion1882

coccus1883

diplococcus1883

streptobacteria1883

Clostridium1884

actinomycetes1885

pneumococcus1885

macrococcus1887

staphylococcus1887

iron bacterium1888

Proteus1888

ferrobacterium1890

meningococcus1890

rhizobium1890

sulphobacteria1890

nitrobacterium1891

Streptothrix1891

sulphur bacterium1891

myxobacter1892

Myxococcus1892

tetracoccus1893

coli1894

Pasteurella1895

pyrotoxin1895

Gaertner1897

purple bacterium1897

myxobacterium1898

pseudomonas1899

thiobacteria1900

treponema1908

corynebacterium1909

mycobacterium1909

Salmonella1913

Neisseria1915

botulinum1916

rickettsia1916

leptospira1918

acetobacter1920

Brucella1920

pseudomonad1921

strep1927

enterobacterium1929

opportunist1937

eubacterium1939

agrobacterium1942

persister1944

Moraxella1948

enteric1956

streptomycete1956

leptospire1957

transformant1957

lysogen1958

listeria1961

C. difficile1962

yersinia1967

Campylobacter1971

cyanobacterium1973

coryneform1976

eubacterium1977

legionella1979

acetogen1982

C. diff.1990

acidophilous1996

1897 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 113 630 In these organs Gaertner's bacillus enteritidis..was present in great numbers.

1916 A. I. Kendall Bacteriol. xv. 344 These organisms are variously known as the hog cholera, Salmonella, Gärtner, enteritidis, intermediate, paracolon or paratyphoid group.

1928 Daily Express 11 Aug. 7/1 Death was due to heart failure following infection by the bacillus gaertner from ham purchased in the police canteen.

1930 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 22 Mar. 546/1 The patient's serum after operation contained no agglutinins for the organism, isolated, a feature not unusual in Gaertner infections.

1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) xviii. 234 Many organisms are responsible for gastro-enteritis. The most frequently encountered in this country are S. typhi-murium (aertrycke ) and S. enteritidis (Gaertner's bacillus).

2015 A. Hardy Salmonella Infections iv. 92 The series of bacteriological investigations which Savage undertook for the Department included..the presence of Gärtner group organisms in animal intestines, prepared meats, and similar foods.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Gaertnern.²

Brit.

/ˈɡɛːtnə/, U.S.

/ˈɡɛrtnər/

Forms: 1900s– Gaertner, 1900s– Gärtner, 1900s– Gartner.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Gärtner.

Etymology: < the name of Gustav Gärtner, Austrian physician (1855–1937).Gärtner first described the tonometer in 1899 ( Wiener med. Wochenschrift 49 1412/1) and the vein phenomenon in 1904 ( Münchener med. Wochenschrift 2 Feb, 212/1). The form Gaertner reflects the German convention of using ae instead of ä where a suitable letter type is not available.

Medicine.

1. In the genitive and attributive, esp. in Gaertner's tonometer. Designating an apparatus used to measure (or estimate) blood pressure, consisting of an inflatable ring placed around a finger, with a manometer measuring the pressure required to stop arterial pulsation in the finger. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > specific measuring or recording > [noun] > specific measuring or recording instruments > for blood-pressure

haemodynamometer1835

haemometer1872

tonometer1876

sphygmomanometer1891

Gaertner's tonometer1901

1901 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 4 May 1094/1 He measured the pressure by means of Gärtner's tonometer.

1903 Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 26 Feb. 223/1 It is about three years since I first began to experiment with Gaertner's blood-pressure machine.

1914 J. H. Austin in G. W. Norris Blood-pressure i. 46 The effect of mental effort has been shown by Putermann, who studied with the Gärtner tonometer the blood-pressure of 43 boys immediately before and after a school examination.

1934 J. F. H. Dally High Blood Pressure (ed. 3) xv. 245 Gärtner's tonometer (1899) afforded another index of systolic pressure by the point at which colour returned to the skin of the blanched finger after removal of compression.

1993 Technol. & Culture 34 795 One of the most popular rivals of Riva-Rocci's sphygmomanometer was Gaertner's tonometer.

2. In the genitive, esp. in Gaertner's phenomenon. Designating the change in the degree of fullness of veins of the arm as it is raised to varying heights above the heart, used as an estimate of pressure in the right atrium. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > vascular system > circulation > [noun] > pressure or volume of blood

blood pressure1846

pulse pressure1892

Gaertner's phenomenon1910

hypervolaemia1925

normovolaemia1925

1910 R. W. Leftwich Index Symptoms (ed. 4) 215/2 Gaertner's vein phenomenon. The veins of the arm are watched when the arm is raised to different angles.

1914 J. H. Austin in G. W. Norris Blood-pressure iv. 129 The state of the circulation and vascular tonus locally, as well as the pressure in the right auricle, therefore influence Gärtner's phenomenon.

1960 R. Frede Interns 28 The Park North was almost nightly filled with voices loudly and sometimes conspicuously discussing vesicating properties, biliary fistulas,..Gartner's phenomenon, cranial aneurysms and other equally unlikely cocktail-lounge conversational fare.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	gaertner
释义	Gaertnern.¹ Brit. /ˈɡɛːtnə/, U.S. /ˈɡɛrtnər/ Forms: 1800s– Gaertner, 1900s– Gärtner. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Gärtner. Etymology: < the name of August Anton Hieronymus Gärtner, German bacteriologist (1848–1934).Gärtner first described the bacterium in 1888 ( Correspondenz-Blätter des allgemeinen ärztlichen Vereins von Thüringen 17 573). The form Gaertner reflects the German convention of using ae instead of ä where a suitable letter type is not available. Now historical. In the genitive and attributive. Designating the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, which is a major cause of food poisoning. Also: designating a group of bacteria including this and closely related salmonellae, and infections with such bacteria. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders caused by poisons > [noun] > by infected food beestings1607 raphania1773 food poisoning1856 botulism1858 ergotism1864 sausage-poisoning1876 Gaertner1897 grain-intoxication1897 grain-poisoning1897 tyrotoxism1900 salmonellosis1913 ichthyosarcotoxism1953 Salmonella1962 the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > bacterium > [noun] > types of vibrio1850 micrococcus1870 microzyme1870 Spirillum1875 mycothrix1876 leptothrix1877 Spirochaete1877 streptococcus1877 Actinomyces1879 frogspawn1880 schizophyte1880 schizomycetes1881 gonococcus1882 saprophile1882 vibrion1882 coccus1883 diplococcus1883 streptobacteria1883 Clostridium1884 actinomycetes1885 pneumococcus1885 macrococcus1887 staphylococcus1887 iron bacterium1888 Proteus1888 ferrobacterium1890 meningococcus1890 rhizobium1890 sulphobacteria1890 nitrobacterium1891 Streptothrix1891 sulphur bacterium1891 myxobacter1892 Myxococcus1892 tetracoccus1893 coli1894 Pasteurella1895 pyrotoxin1895 Gaertner1897 purple bacterium1897 myxobacterium1898 pseudomonas1899 thiobacteria1900 treponema1908 corynebacterium1909 mycobacterium1909 Salmonella1913 Neisseria1915 botulinum1916 rickettsia1916 leptospira1918 acetobacter1920 Brucella1920 pseudomonad1921 strep1927 enterobacterium1929 opportunist1937 eubacterium1939 agrobacterium1942 persister1944 Moraxella1948 enteric1956 streptomycete1956 leptospire1957 transformant1957 lysogen1958 listeria1961 C. difficile1962 yersinia1967 Campylobacter1971 cyanobacterium1973 coryneform1976 eubacterium1977 legionella1979 acetogen1982 C. diff.1990 acidophilous1996 1897 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 113 630 In these organs Gaertner's bacillus enteritidis..was present in great numbers. 1916 A. I. Kendall Bacteriol. xv. 344 These organisms are variously known as the hog cholera, Salmonella, Gärtner, enteritidis, intermediate, paracolon or paratyphoid group. 1928 Daily Express 11 Aug. 7/1 Death was due to heart failure following infection by the bacillus gaertner from ham purchased in the police canteen. 1930 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 22 Mar. 546/1 The patient's serum after operation contained no agglutinins for the organism, isolated, a feature not unusual in Gaertner infections. 1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) xviii. 234 Many organisms are responsible for gastro-enteritis. The most frequently encountered in this country are S. typhi-murium (aertrycke ) and S. enteritidis (Gaertner's bacillus). 2015 A. Hardy Salmonella Infections iv. 92 The series of bacteriological investigations which Savage undertook for the Department included..the presence of Gärtner group organisms in animal intestines, prepared meats, and similar foods. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Gaertnern.² Brit. /ˈɡɛːtnə/, U.S. /ˈɡɛrtnər/ Forms: 1900s– Gaertner, 1900s– Gärtner, 1900s– Gartner. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Gärtner. Etymology: < the name of Gustav Gärtner, Austrian physician (1855–1937).Gärtner first described the tonometer in 1899 ( Wiener med. Wochenschrift 49 1412/1) and the vein phenomenon in 1904 ( Münchener med. Wochenschrift 2 Feb, 212/1). The form Gaertner reflects the German convention of using ae instead of ä where a suitable letter type is not available. Medicine. 1. In the genitive and attributive, esp. in Gaertner's tonometer. Designating an apparatus used to measure (or estimate) blood pressure, consisting of an inflatable ring placed around a finger, with a manometer measuring the pressure required to stop arterial pulsation in the finger. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > specific measuring or recording > [noun] > specific measuring or recording instruments > for blood-pressure haemodynamometer1835 haemometer1872 tonometer1876 sphygmomanometer1891 Gaertner's tonometer1901 1901 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 4 May 1094/1 He measured the pressure by means of Gärtner's tonometer. 1903 Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 26 Feb. 223/1 It is about three years since I first began to experiment with Gaertner's blood-pressure machine. 1914 J. H. Austin in G. W. Norris Blood-pressure i. 46 The effect of mental effort has been shown by Putermann, who studied with the Gärtner tonometer the blood-pressure of 43 boys immediately before and after a school examination. 1934 J. F. H. Dally High Blood Pressure (ed. 3) xv. 245 Gärtner's tonometer (1899) afforded another index of systolic pressure by the point at which colour returned to the skin of the blanched finger after removal of compression. 1993 Technol. & Culture 34 795 One of the most popular rivals of Riva-Rocci's sphygmomanometer was Gaertner's tonometer. 2. In the genitive, esp. in Gaertner's phenomenon. Designating the change in the degree of fullness of veins of the arm as it is raised to varying heights above the heart, used as an estimate of pressure in the right atrium. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > vascular system > circulation > [noun] > pressure or volume of blood blood pressure1846 pulse pressure1892 Gaertner's phenomenon1910 hypervolaemia1925 normovolaemia1925 1910 R. W. Leftwich Index Symptoms (ed. 4) 215/2 Gaertner's vein phenomenon. The veins of the arm are watched when the arm is raised to different angles. 1914 J. H. Austin in G. W. Norris Blood-pressure iv. 129 The state of the circulation and vascular tonus locally, as well as the pressure in the right auricle, therefore influence Gärtner's phenomenon. 1960 R. Frede Interns 28 The Park North was almost nightly filled with voices loudly and sometimes conspicuously discussing vesicating properties, biliary fistulas,..Gartner's phenomenon, cranial aneurysms and other equally unlikely cocktail-lounge conversational fare. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1897n.²1901
随便看	refronted refronting refronts refroze refrozen refrustrate refry refrying refs reft refu refuel refueled refueler refueling refuelled refueller refuelling refuels refuge refuge hole refuge house refuge hut refuge place refuge room

Gaertnern.1

Gaertnern.2

Gaertnern.¹

Gaertnern.²