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单词 gad
释义

gadn.1

Brit. /ɡad/, U.S. /ɡæd/
Forms: early Middle English gadien (plural), Middle English–1600s gadde, Middle English–1600s (1900s in sense 7a) gadd, Middle English– gad; Scottish pre-1700 gadde, pre-1700 1700s– gad, pre-1700 1700s– gaud, 1700s–1900s gawd, 1800s gaad.
Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian.
Etymology: < early Scandinavian (compare Old Icelandic gaddr , Old Swedish gadder (Swedish gadd ), Old Danish gad (Danish gad ), all in senses ‘goad, spike, nail, sting’), cognate with Middle Dutch gaert spike, pointed object, Old Saxon gard rod (Middle Low German gart rod, twig), Old High German gart goad, spike, rod (Middle High German, early modern German gart ), Gothic gazds goad, sting, further related to classical Latin hasta spear, staff, Early Irish gat withe, osier (and perhaps also gas shoot, twig, branch); probably ultimately a loanword < a non-Indo-European language. Compare yard n.2, showing a derivative from the same Germanic base. Compare also goad n.1 and see discussion at that entry.In form gadien probably showing the influence of an unattested adjectival derivative (with -y suffix1) of goad n.1 In sense 2c short for gad-bee n. or gadfly n. Compare post-classical Latin gaddum iron rod (frequently from mid 13th cent. in British sources), metal spike, goad (from late 13th cent. in British sources), gadda measure of land (Lincolnshire) (1552 in a British source). Compare Anglo-Norman gade goad, spike (2nd half of the 13th cent.; rare). It is uncertain whether the following instance is to be interpreted as reflecting an earlier use of the Middle English word in sense 3 or as an example of the Anglo-Norman word with an otherwise unattested sense ‘spear’:1409–10 Accts. Exchequer King's Remembrancer (P.R.O.: E 101/44/17) m. 2 La Barge appelle la Marie de la Toure..oue lapparaill desouz escriptz..iiijxx Gaddes de ferre.
Now rare.
I. A spike, a sharp-pointed tool or weapon, and related senses.
†1.
a. A metal spike or sharp point. Obsolete (historical in later use).Quot. 1565 describes stakes with iron hooks attached, concealed in the ground as a trap; gaddes may refer to the whole of the stakes rather than to the hooks alone.
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the world > space > shape > fact or condition of tapering > condition of tapering to a point > [noun] > pointed object or part > metal spike
gadc1225
polepike1451
spear1607
spirec1710
c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) l. 701 Let þurhdriuen þrefter þe spaken ant te uelien wið irnenne gadien.
c1225 (?c1200) St. Juliana (Bodl.) 547 A swiðe wunderlich hweol..wið irnene gadien kene to keoruen.
1331–3 in D. Yaxley Researcher's Gloss. Hist. Documents E. Anglia (2003) 87 [Fitting] viij gadd ferr' [to mend wheels and carts 6d.]
1565 A. Golding tr. Caesar Martiall Exploytes in Gallia vii. f. 225v Stakes of a fote long stickt full of Iron hokes, and theis thei called gaddes [L. stimulos].
1600 L. Lewkenor tr. A. de Torquemada Spanish Mandeuile f. 145v A light Armour..full of short sharpe gaddes or Bodkins.
1869 J. E. Cussans Handbk. Heraldry (rev. ed.) vii. 104 It [sc. the caltrap] was formed of four short but strong spikes, or Gads.
b. Each of a number of small metal spikes or knobs fitted to the knuckles of a gauntlet; = gadling n.2 Usually in plural. Obsolete.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > armour for limbs > [noun] > arm armour > gauntlet > spike on
gadlinga1358
gad1830
1830 S. R. Meyrick Engraved Illustr. Antient Arms & Armour II. Pl. lxxix (caption) A long gauntlet of the time of Elizabeth. In this specimen the gads lap over upwards.
1834 J. R. Planché Hist. Brit. Costume x. 138 The backs of the leathern gauntlets were also furnished with overlapping plates, and the knuckles armed with knobs or spikes of iron, called gads or gadlings.
1898 Archæol. Æliana 19 iii. 246 The hands are covered with plate mitten-gauntlets having gads and cuffs.
1919 R. C. Clephan Tournament iii. 29 The gauntlets, with short cuffs, have gads over the fingers for use in the mêlée.
2.
a. A sharp-pointed rod or stick used to drive or spur oxen, horses, etc.; a goad. Later also: (chiefly regional) a whip used for this purpose; (chiefly North American) a stick or whip used as an instrument of punishment.
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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > goad
goadeOE
prickleOE
yardc1000
prickc1225
gad1289
gorea1325
brodc1375
brodyke1471
pricker?a1475
gad-wand1487
gadstaff1568
stimule1583
goad prick1609
ankus1768
goad stick1773
sjambok1790
driving stick1800
prod1828
sting1842
quirt1845
garrocha1846
gad-stick1866
romal1904
1289–90 in P. D. A. Harvey Manorial Rec. Cuxham (1976) 185 Et in Magnis gadys ad parietem grangie emptis ij d. q.
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 279 (MED) Al engelond was of him adrad, So his þe beste fro þe gad.
1349 in J. Raine Inventories & Acct. Rolls Benedictine Houses Jarrow & Monk-Wearmouth (1854) 152 In oxbowes et gaddis.
1417 in Norfolk Archaeol. (1904) 15 129 (MED) Item a carte gad, j d.
1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xviii. xiv. sig. aaviiiv/1 This [sc. an oxe herde] fedeth & nouryssheth oxen..and yockyth & makyth theim drawe at the ploughe. And pricketh the slowe with a gad & makyth them drawe euen.
?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. Aviii Than brought our lorde, to them the carte & harowe The gad, & the whyp.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judges iii. 31 Samgar..which slewe sixe hundreth Philistynes with an oxes gadd.
1607 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1884) I. 78 Tho. Hildreth presented for that armed with gaddes he had assaulted John Pearson.
1662 in C. S. Romanes Sel. Rec. Regality of Melrose (1915) II. 22 For..riving of the said John..his cloak and taking of a gad from him,..he being hirding his own goodis.
1788 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. II. 330 Gad, a long team whip.
1863 J. L. W. By-gone Days 10 The long gad or goad with which he impelled the horses or oxen.
1894 Dial. Notes 1 331 Gad, small whip used to drive cows to pasture. [South Jersey.]
1897 McClure's Mag. July 749/1 Don't believe in licking?.. I don't see how you can run a school without the gad.
1949 K. Wells By Moonstone Creek 129 He..hitched the oxen to the chain, and tickled their flanks with a willow gad.
1971 in Dict. Newfoundland Eng. (1999) (at cited word) The gad was a stick of about three or four feet long used for instilling discipline into the school-master's charges.
1972 Christian Sci. Monitor 28 Sept. 16/4 These Maine pioneers worked alone, and couldn't be up front with the gad and on behind with a canthook at the same time.
†b. upon the gad: suddenly, as if pricked with a goad; on the spur of the moment. Obsolete. rare.
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the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > [phrase] > suddenly
upon the gad1608
like winking1827
like winky1830
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear ii. 25 All this donne vpon the gadde . View more context for this quotation
c. A gadfly. Now rare.Recorded earliest in gad-stricken adj. at Compounds.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Cyclorrhapha > family Oestridae > genus Oestrum or Oestrus > oestrus ovis (sheep-bot)
gad1658
sheep gad-fly1803
sheep-bot1819
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Diptera or flies > [noun] > suborder Brachycera > family Tabanidae > member of genus Tabanus (gadfly or horse-fly)
breezea800
stoutc1000
horsefly1382
gad-bee1510
gadfly1569
brimse1579
wag-leg1585
breeze-fly1587
breame1589
beast-fly1658
burrel-fly1658
whame1658
gad-breeze1665
bree1678
garabee1692
gad1830
thunderbug1837
ox-warble1840
March fly1852
1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 937 Those famous Poets of old were said to be Oestro perciti, stung with this furious Fly called Oestrum. Plutarch cals them ὁιστρηλατουμενους, Gad-stricken.
1830 J. Wilson Noctes Ambrosianae l, in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 932 I fin' corduroys and tap-boots impervious to a' mainner o' insects, bees, wasps, hornets, ants, midges, clegs, and warst o' a'–the gad.
1886 J. Payne tr. G. Boccaccio Decameron III. viii. vi. 104 Moreover, there being not a breath of wind, the flies and gads [It. tafani] flocked thither in swarms..and stung her so cruelly that each prick seemed to her a pike-stab.
1909 J. Masefield Multitude & Solitude vi. 161 You are always being bitten or stung by something. Bugs, ticks, fleas, lice, mosquitoes, tsetses, ants, jiggers, gads, hippos, sandflies, wasps.
1961 A. Dugan Poems 53 Those gads downhill, buzzing in armour causative, must have their joys in cycles too... The roaring stags fight to assemble harems in the trampled snow while gad-eggs cradle in their hides and nostrils.
3. A spear or similar weapon; spec. a light horseman's spear; (also) a spear designed to be thrown from the fighting top of a warship. historical or archaic after 16th cent.Sometimes more fully northern (also northen) gad, apparently with reference to a type of spear made or used in the north of England.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > spear or lance > [noun]
spearc725
ordeOE
spriteOE
wal-speara1000
gareOE
shaftc1000
staffc1275
glaive1297
lancegayc1386
gad1422
burdounc1440
Jedburgh (Jedworth, Jedwood etc.) staff1515
puncheon pole1548
puncheon spear1548
puncheon staff1548
punching staff1562
prag1582
sarissa1736
staff weapon1788
windlestraw1831
1422–7 in S. Rose Navy of Lancastrian Kings (1982) 192 [Iron] gaddes [for throwing in the] topp.
c1440 (?a1400) Morte Arthure l. 3683 Som gomys thourghegyrde with gaddys of yryn.
1548 W. Patten Exped. Scotl. sig. B.viv .iiii or .v. of this Capitayns prikkers with their gaddes ready charged.
?1550 Inventory Henry VIII in Archaeologia (1982) 107 189/2 Munycions artillery and habillemtes of warre... Northern gaddes.
a1555 N. Ridley in N. Ridley & H. Latimer Certein Conf. (1556) sig. e7 I haue knowen my contreymen watch night and daye in their harnesse..& their speares in their handes (you call them northen gads).
1820 W. Scott Monastery II. ii. 52 I took a young Southern fellow out of saddle with my lance, and cast him, it might be, a gad's length from his nag.
1931 F. M. Kelly & F. Schwabe Short Hist. Costume & Armour II. ii. 75 The light horse of many of the shires were rudely armed with..spears called ‘gads’.
1975 F. Taylor & J. S. Roskell tr. Gesta Henrici Quinti 147 An exchange of missiles, iron gads [L. lanceis ferro], stones, and other weapons of offence.
2015 I. Friel Henry V's Navy vii. 123 Stones and heavy iron gads thrown from the topcastles of the Genoese carracks.
†4. A sharp-pointed implement for writing or engraving; a stylus. Obsolete. rare.
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society > communication > writing > writing materials > writing instrument > [noun] > stylus
pointela1382
stylea1387
greffea1400
gad1570
pointrel1659
steel1738
stylet1753
stylus1807
1570 J. Foxe tr. Prudentius Death Cassianus in Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 129/1 These gads were but their pens wherewyth, Theyr tables wrytten were.
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. i. 102 I will goe get a leafe of brasse, And with a gad of steele will write these words. View more context for this quotation
5. North American regional (chiefly Rhode Island). A type of earmark cut in the ears of cattle or sheep, serving as a sign of ownership. Usually with modifying word indicating the part of the ear marked, as fore gad, hind (also hinder) gad. Now historical and rare.
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the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [noun] > branding or marking > ear-mark
earmarka1500
swallow fork1636
crop1653
halfpenny1658
gad1666
underkeel1677
lug-mark1802
underbit1837
sleepering1910
1666 in A. Perry & C. S. Brigham Early Rec. Portsmouth (Rhode Island) (1901) 265 [text illegible] Cattle, a gadd one [text illegible].
1667 in A. Perry & C. S. Brigham Early Rec. Portsmouth (Rhode Island) (1901) 269 A fore gadd one the r[ight ear] The eare marke..is two hinder gads. The eare marke..is a hinder gadd.
1742 in T. W. Bicknell Hist. Barrington, Rhode Island (1898) 247 Mark of Ellis Peck Jnrns Sheep and Cattle is a lone Gad in the right and a slit in the left ear.
1845 in A. Perry & C. S. Brigham Early Rec. Portsmouth (Rhode Island) (1901) 390 The Ear mark of the Creatures of Edward Anthony is a hind Gad on the left ear.
1975 R. K. Turp West Jersey under Four Flags iii. 55 He registered his cattle earmarks, described as half a gad on the far ear.
6. Mining. A short spike or chisel-like tool which is inserted into a hole or fissure and then struck with a hammer in order to loosen or break apart ore or rock.
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society > occupation and work > equipment > mining equipment > [noun] > wedges, etc.
gad1671
plug1747
stook and coil1808
stook and feathers1808
Jack1846
stob1883
1671 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 6 2104 The Instruments commonly used in Mines..are..Gadds, or Wedges of 2l. weight, 4 square, well steeled at the point.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Gad, in mining..is a small punch of iron with a long handle of wood.
1804 M. Edgeworth Lame Jervas iii, in Pop. Tales I. 11 A pick-axe and a gad were put into my hands.
1940 E. H. Denny Accidents from Falls of Rock or Ore in Metal Mines 5 He noticed that two gads had been driven into the slab without dislodging it.
2001 C. Fahey in I. McCalman et al. Gold iv. 68 Initially the quartz reefers simply bashed away with gads and hammers at the surface outcrops.
II. A rod or bar of metal or wood, and related senses.
7.
a. A bar or rod of metal, esp. of iron or steel; (also) an ingot. Now historical.In early use sometimes denoting a metal bar or rod of a specific size or weight, forming one-thirtieth of a sheaf (sheaf n.1 2a): see quots. a1500, 1577.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > metal in specific state or form > [noun] > cast metal > in form of pigs > pig, ingot, or bar
gada1325
lingot1488
rod1494
niggot1579
nygot1579
ingot1582
sow1590
pig1620
forge-pig1839
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3185 On an gold gad ðe name god Is grauen.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 199 Slegges and hameres, wiþ þe whiche smythes smyteþ and tempreþ grete gaddes of iren [L. ferri materia].
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ix. l. 2263 Theodorus..On his bodi leid gaddis red brennyng.
a1500 Tracts Eng. Weights & Meas. 17 in Camden Misc. (1929) XV (MED) The Gadde, the Cheff, the Burdon..euery pece of stele in hymselfe is a gadde; and xxx gaddes make a scheff, and xii scheff make a burdon.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid viii. xii. 50 Slang gaddis of irne, and stane kast gret plente.
1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. xviii. f. 116v/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Our steele..is not so good for edge toole as that of Cullen, and yet..lyke tale [is] vsed in both, that is to say thirtie gaddes to the shiefe.
1581 Compendious Exam. Certayne Ordinary Complaints ii. f. 31 Then I had as liefe haue smal gadds or plats of Siluer and Gold without any coyne at al.
1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. iii. 55 Flemish steel is made..some in Bars and some in Gads.
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. ix. 374 They cut it [sc. steel] into narrower barrs about half an inch over, & then break it into short pieces of an inch, or two inches long, call'd Gadds.
1736 Compl. Family-piece i. i. 67 Quenching..in this Liquor a Gad of Steel, about eight or ten Inches long.
1814 W. Scott Waverley II. vii. 126 Deil be in me but I put this het gad down her throat. View more context for this quotation
1895 S. R. Crockett Men of Moss-hags 377 After levelling a file [of soldiers] with his gaud of iron.
1948 T. S. Ashton Industr. Revol. 1760–1830 ii. 41 The blister steel that resulted was then cut into small gadds.
b. Heraldry. A representation of a steel plate, on the coat of arms of the Company of Ironmongers. Now historical.
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1455 in J. Nicholl Some Acct. Company of Ironmongers (1851) 26 Siluer, a cheueron of Gowles, sitte betwene three Gaddes of Stele of Asure.
1677 J. Logan Analogia Honorum ii. i. 168/2 The Company of Ironmongers..beareth Argent, on a Cheveron, Gules, between 3 Gads or pieces of Steel.
1747 Gen. Descr. All Trades 126 Arms. Argent, on a Chevron Gules between 3 Gads of Steel.
1847 H. Gough Gloss. Terms Brit. Heraldry 145 Gad, a plate of steel as borne by the Company of Ironmongers.
1997 K. N. Palmer Ceremonial Barges on River Thames x. 56/1 The Company Arms embody various iron and steel objects (three gads and three swivels).
8.
a. A rod or staff used for measuring land; (hence in later use also) a linear measure for land, varying locally but typically equal to 9 or 10 feet (approximately 2.74 or 3.05 metres). Now historical and rare. Cf. goad n.1 3.
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the world > relative properties > measurement > measuring instrument > [noun] > for measuring length > measuring rod or stick
yardc1000
meteyardOE
reedc1350
ell-yardc1400
yard-wand14..
scantillona1425
gad1440
metewand1440
meterod1473
rod1473
ell1474
gad-wand1487
ell-wand?a1500
measuring rod1546
scantling1556
metepole1571
meting pole1606
wand1614
yardstick1797
yard-measure1838
gad-stick1866
meting-rod1881
the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > rod, pole, or perch
yard900
roodOE
perchc1300
rodc1380
fall1388
goad1391
polea1500
lug1562
farthing1602
land-pole1603
gad1706
virgate1772
perk1825
esperduct1866
gad-stick1866
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 184 Gad, to mete wythe londe [1499 Pyson gadde, or rodde], decempeda.
c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lxvi/1 In dyuers odur placis in this lande they mete grounde by polis gaddis and roddis som be of xviij. foote som of xx. fote and som xxi. fote in lengith.
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Gad, or Geometrical Pearch, a Measure of Ten Foot, and in some places but Nine Foot.
1888 O. C. Pell in P. E. Dove Domesday Stud. I. 288 This rod of 2.73 mètres is called a 'gád,' which is evidently the same as the Anglo-Saxon gád or goad.
1936 T. Hennell Change in Farm (ed. 2) vi. 60 In the eastern counties an acre-staff or a nine-foot gad was sometimes used to check accurately the breadth of the stitches, or land between the ridges.
†b. English regional (Yorkshire and Lincolnshire). A division of pastureland of dimensions that vary locally, typically amounting to less than an acre. Obsolete.
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1606 in K. Cameron Place-names Lincs. (2001) VI. 16 2 gades of meadow at 9 foote the gad.
1717 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1889) VII. 285 I am seized of..four gads in the Bishop Ings.
1794 Act Inclos. S. Kelsey 19 Owners and Proprietors of Gads in a certain Piece of Ground..each Gad being Two Roods, Two Perches and a Half.
9. A wooden rod; a stick, stake, cane, etc.; spec. a fishing rod (now historical). Chiefly regional in later use.In quot. a1535: a reed.See also May gad n. at May n.2 Compounds 1b, spar-gad at spar n.4 b.
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the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > rod > [noun]
angle-rodc1450
rodc1450
angling rod1510
gada1535
fishing-rod1552
angling wand1565
wand1565
pole1577
fishing-pole1791
fish pole1834
fishing-wand1889
society > occupation and work > equipment > tool > types of tools generally > [noun] > in form of bar, pole, rod, etc.
stingc725
stakec893
sowelc900
tree971
rungOE
shaftc1000
staffc1000
stockc1000
poleOE
spritOE
luga1250
lever1297
stanga1300
perchc1300
raftc1330
sheltbeam1336
stower1371
palea1382
spar1388
spire1392
perk1396
ragged staff1397
peela1400
slot1399
plantc1400
heck-stower1401
sparkin1408
cammockc1425
sallow stakec1440
spoke1467
perk treec1480
yard1480
bode1483
spit1485
bolm1513
gada1535
ruttock1542
stob1550
blade1558
wattle1570
bamboo1598
loggat1600
barling1611
sparret1632
picket1687
tringle1706
sprund1736
lug-pole1773
polting lug1789
baton1801
stuckin1809
rack-pin1821
picket-pin1844
I-iron1874
pricker1875
stag1881
podger1888
window pole1888
verge1897
sallow pole1898
lat1899
swizzle-stick1962
a1535 J. Fisher Serm. Good Friday in Spirituall Consol. (?1578) sig. F.ij And hys blessed heade so Crowned, they dyd beate it downe with a gadde, or a harde Reede.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Angling gad, or rodde, pertica.
1796 W. Marshall Provincialisms E. Yorks. in Rural Econ. Yorks. (ed. 2) II. 321 A fishing-rod is..called a ‘fishing-gad’.
1829 T. Doubleday Fisher's Call in A. Cunningham Anniversary 64 Then up an' rig your gads, And to it, fishers, to it!
1843 M. A. Foster in Whistle-Binkie 5th Ser. 110 The lang sma' taper gad is swung Around wi' easy slight.
1863 W. Barnes Gram. & Gloss. Dorset Dial. Gad, a hedge stake, or stout stick.
1887 T. Hardy Woodlanders I. iii. 44 An armful of gads thrown on the still hot embers caused them to blaze up cheerfully.
1939 Scotsman 25 Feb. 17 In the middle of last century eighteen to twenty feet was no unusual length for a [salmon] rod, or gad as it was then called.
1995 J. Hildebrand Mapping Farm iii. 37 Catherine..took to walking with a stout cane that she called her gad.

Compounds

† gad-bit n. Obsolete rare a sharp-pointed tool used for piercing holes; an awl, a gimlet.
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1846 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I Gad-bit, a nail-passer.
† gad-bitten adj. Obsolete bitten by a gadfly.
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1868 Southern Rev. July 168 (note) Compare also the horror and mysterious reserve with which Æschylus has invested the gad-bitten Io and her wanderings.
† gad cracking n. English regional (Lincolnshire) Obsolete a custom observed on Palm Sunday in Caistor, Lincolnshire, involving the cracking of a gad-whip (gad-whip n.).In quot. 1799 the custom is explained but the term gad-cracking is not used.
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1799 Brit. Critic Sept. 270 On Palm-Sunday, a person from Broughton attends with a new cart-whip, or whip-gad (as they call it in Lincolnshire)..and, after cracking it three times in the church-porch, he takes his place... He then quits the seat with his gad, having a purse..fixed to the end of its lash, and..holds the purse suspended over the minister's head all the time he is reading this second lesson.]
1839 Lincs. Chron. 29 Mar. On Sunday last that very old custom of the Gad cracking in Caistor church was gone through as usual.
1841 R. T. Hampson Medii Ævi Kal. I. 182 At Hundon, in Lincolnshire, there is still annually practised on this day [sc. Palm Sunday] a remarkable custom, called Gad Cracking.
1847 in R. C. Russell From Cock-fighting to Chapel Building (2002) iii. 17/2 Sunday next will be the gad-cracking day at the parish Church [in Caistor].
† gad-crook n. English regional (Somerset) Obsolete a long pole with an iron hook at one end; = gad hook n.
ΚΠ
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. Gad-crook, a long pole with an iron hook or claw.
† gad hook n. Obsolete a long pole with an iron hook at one end.
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1846 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I Gad-hook, a long pole with an iron crook attached to it. Somerset.
1903 Lincoln (Nebraska) Daily Star 7 Mar. 12/3 Some [elephants] fear fire,..others hate the gad hook, and at least one went into a spasm whenever she saw a penknife.
1921 C. R. Cooper Cross-cut xiii. 146 They shoveled out the muck and with their gad hooks tore down loose portions of the hanging-wall.
† gad-meadow n. Obsolete land divided into gads (sense 8b); a piece of such land.
ΚΠ
1762 Public Advertiser 27 July The Land Surveyor's Sliding Rule: Adapted for the speedy Casting up small Quantit[i]es of Arable, Gad Meadow, and Ley Ground.
1787 Surv. Manor Kirton-in-Lindsey in E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (at cited word) All the lands in the Ings are laid out in gads or swaths; they are called gad-meadows.
gad-nail n. now historical a large strong nail.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > nail > nails for other specific uses
stay-nail1296
wough-nailc1300
strake-nail1334
wall-nail1344
traverse nail1348
doornail1350
gad-nail1375
lath-nail1388
clout-nail1463
lattice-nail1480
lath-brod1536
sheathing-nail1611
bellows-nail1731
weight nail1850
panel pin1867
wheeler1873
fencing-nail1874
brattice-nail1880
toggle1934
1375–6 in R. E. G. Kirk Acct. Abingdon Abbey (1892) 28 Item in clauis, gadnayl, et bordnayl..ij s. ij d.
1841 C. H. Hartshorne Salopia Antiqua Gloss. Gadnail, a long and stout nail used chiefly in fastening posts and rails.
1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xx. 499 Gad-nails are quoted three times in 1291 at 4d., the locality being Hampstede.
1998 M. Hardman Kingdom in Two Parishes viii. 51 A Coventry servant [was] sent to Spain to collect the steel gad-nails his master had ordered.
† gad-sledge n. Mining Obsolete rare a sledgehammer used for driving a gad (sense 6) into fissures in rock or ore.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > driving or beating tools > [noun] > hammer > sledge-hammer
sledgea1000
mauler1305
sledgehammer1495
fore-hammer1543
sled1616
about-sledge1678
gad-sledge1874
Monday1965
1874 J. H. Collins Princ. Metal Mining (1875) x. 61 These boring sledges are sometimes used for driving wedges or ‘gads’... Sometimes a special ‘gad-sledge’ is provided for the purpose.
† gadstaff n. Scottish Obsolete a goad; = sense 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > goad
goadeOE
prickleOE
yardc1000
prickc1225
gad1289
gorea1325
brodc1375
brodyke1471
pricker?a1475
gad-wand1487
gadstaff1568
stimule1583
goad prick1609
ankus1768
goad stick1773
sjambok1790
driving stick1800
prod1828
sting1842
quirt1845
garrocha1846
gad-stick1866
romal1904
1568 Wyf of Auchtirmwchty 46 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1928) II. 321 Scho lowsit oxin aucht or Nyne And hynt ane gadstaff in hir hand.
† gad steel n. Obsolete (historical after 18th cent.) steel sold in small bars or gads (sense 7a).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > steel > [noun] > steel in specific form
gad steel1604
wisp-steel1604
steel-plating1825
sheet1884
tubular steel1933
1604 Rates Marchandizes sig. H2v Steele voc. Gad-steele the halfe Barrell.
1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 270 Good Steele in barres, and also Gad Steele.
1746 Old Eng. 24 May This week the East India Company shipp'd for India 25 Ton of Gad Steel.
1916 V. S. Clark Hist. Manufactures in US v. 112 Nearly 20 tons of gad steel..were imported for local whitesmiths.
gad-stick n. †(a) English regional (Lincolnshire) a measuring rod; = sense 8a (obsolete); (b) a goad; = sense 2a; cf. goad stick n.
ΚΠ
1866 J. E. Brogden Provinc. Words Lincs. (at cited word) Gad-stick, a measure made of wood about ten feet long.
1873 Republic Sept. 383/2 We advise the genuine farmer to keep a sharp eye upon these broken-down political hacks who, with gad-stick in hand and clover seed in their hair,..[seek] admission as farmers bent on reform.
1956 C. Price Song of Wheels i. 2 Jared's father swung his long gad-stick and called the oxen by name.
† gad-stricken adj. [originally after Hellenistic Greek ὁιστρηλατοῦμενος (apparently not attested in Plutarch; compare quot. 1658 at sense 2c); compare post-classical Latin oestro percitus (1512 or earlier; 1523 in Erasmus Adagia)] Obsolete bitten by a gadfly (in quot. 1658 as part of an extended metaphor; cf. gadfly n. 3).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [adjective] > wounded > stung or bitten
stunga1325
stangeda1400
worried1559
stinged1565
bitten1623
gad-stricken1658
snake-bit1807
1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 937 Those famous Poets of old were said to be Oestro perciti, stung with this furious Fly called Oestrum. Plutarch cals them ὁιστρηλατουμενους, Gad-stricken.
† gad-wand n. Obsolete (a) Scottish a goad; = sense 2; (b) a measuring rod; = sense 8a.
ΚΠ
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) x. l. 232 [Than] he leyt the gadwand fall.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. x. 47 And passand by the plewis, for gad wandis, Broddis the oxin wyth speris in our handis.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Biiiv/2 A Gadwande, partica.
1666 Cantus (ed. 2) sig. K The gad-wand is both light and sharp, to brod his [sc. an ox's] belly while he start.
1674 S. Fell Househ. Acct. Bk. 2 Feb. (1920) 39 By mo pd for gad wands for vs at Marsh.
gad-whip n. English regional (Lincolnshire and Yorkshire) a large or heavy whip; cf. sense 2a.Sometimes spec. with reference to the use of such a whip in the custom of gad-cracking (gad cracking n.) formerly observed on Palm Sunday in Caistor, Lincolnshire.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > transport > transport or conveyance in a vehicle > driving or operating a vehicle > [noun] > art of driving horse-drawn vehicle > whip
postilion whip1621
cart-whip1713
gad-whip1819
coach-whip1833
1819 J. Dugdale New Brit. Traveller III. 607/2 At Caistor church every Palm Sunday..a person from Broughton brings a very large ox-whip, called here a gad-whip,..and cracks his whip in front of the porch door three times [etc.].
1873 J. Harland Gloss. Words Swaledale 74/1 Gad-whip, a long heavy whip.
1983 R. H. Richens Elm ix. 120 (caption) Gad whip used at Caistor (Li) church.
1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 114/1 Gad-whip, ox whip made of ash.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Gadn.2int.

Brit. /ɡad/, U.S. /ɡæd/
Forms: 1500s– Gad; also Scottish 1800s G'yad, 1800s– Gyad, 1900s– Gaad, 1900s– Gaadge (Shetland), 1900s– Gyaad. Also with lower-case initial.
Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: god n.
Etymology: Originally a variant of god n., subsequently reinterpreted as a euphemistic alteration of that word. Compare later agad int., egad int., and also ad n.2, Gawd n.
A. n.2 A euphemistic substitute for God (or, in plural, gods) used in oaths and exclamations. Now archaic (often for comic effect).
1. In formulaic oaths and exclamations, used to express strong feeling or to affirm the truth of a statement. Esp. in by Gad (cf. by God at god n. and int. Phrases 3a) and (in later use) good Gad (cf. good God at god n. and int. Phrases 1e(a)).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [noun] > religious oaths (referring to God)
Coda1500
Gadc1500
cots1526
Cuds1607
gara1616
Cuts1671
dad1674
cops1693
bob1823
c1500 J. Skelton Manerly Margery (BL Add. 5465) f. 97v Be god [god erased and not replaced] ye be a praty pode..[second voice] Be gad ye be a praty pode, I loue you an hole cart lode.
a1592 R. Greene Sc. Hist. Iames IV (1598) i. sig. C4 Be Gad shees blyth, faire lewely, bony, &c.
1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle Prol. sig. B2 By Gad, if any of them all blow winde in the taile on him, I'le be hang'd.
1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant i. i. 4 He's a bold Fellow, I vow to Gad.
1693 W. Congreve Old Batchelour iv. iii. 35 But, Oh Gad! Two such unlick'd Cubs!
1704 W. M. Female Wits i. 6 Good Gad! That you shou'd be in Love with an Old Man!
1781 R. B. Sheridan Trip to Scarborough v. ii Gad take me, but they are all in a story!
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) vi. 46 If you, and I, and his sister were to die to-morrow he would say ‘Good Gad!’ and eat his dinner just as well as usual.
1875 W. S. Hayward Love against World 44 If either of the young dogs wants to quarrel, by gad, sir, he shall quarrel with me.
1949 E. Goudge Gentian Hill i. viii. 131 And by gad, thought the doctor,..here was a fine bunch of young men for you!
1991 E. Peters Last Camel died at Noon ii. xv. 323 Good Gad, Peabody, look at that.
2. With contraction of save (cf. save v. Phrases 2c), as Gads me (also Gads my life): ‘(may) God save me’, ‘(may) God save my life’. Used to affirm the truth of a statement, or (less commonly) to express strong feeling. Cf. god n. and int. Phrases 1c(b)(ii).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > God's life
(God's) my lifekins1600
Od's lifelingsa1616
'Slifea1634
od's life1681
Gads my life1689
Z'life1689
1689 J. Carlile Fortune-hunters iii. v. 39 Gads me, Tom, Tom, your Mistriss is in a swound there.
1691 J. Bancroft King Edward III iii. ii. 28 Gads my life I had been Unjudg'd before my Taylor had finish'd my Robes, I should not have had the Satisfaction of seeing how scarlet becomes me.
1764 S. Foote Mayor of Garret i. 24 Gad's my life, sure as a gun that's her voice.
1773 K. O'Hara Golden Pippin i. 17 Gads me! Gads me! Such rank conceit!
1845 M. A. Shillingford Helena i. 16 Ah, gads me! I am clean an altered man.
1869 Punch 31 July Gads my life, and marry come up, sweetheart!
1934 J. Farnol Winds of Chance xix. 136 ‘Gads my life, madam,’ exclaimed the Earl, staring on me like one extremely surprised.
1991 V. Ashley Sea Siren i. 33 Gads me, I'm in more danger here than I was taking the Santa Christina.
3. ye gads!: used to express indignation, disbelief, or amazement, esp. in a consciously archaic or grandiose way. Cf. gads int. 1 and ye gods! at god n. and int. Phrases 4d.
ΚΠ
1737 Gentleman's Mag. Oct. 632/1 Hark! the fierce soldier from within Exclaiming wild—ye Gads! no Gin?
1877 Daily Leader (Bloomington, Illinois) 19 Feb. Ye gads! Did you observe the jewelry?
1882 A. Woorster Random Rhymes 147 That old Texas broncho..—Ye gads! how he'd buck!
1940 N.Y. Amsterdam News 9 Mar. 21/1 Academy Award officials..were big enough to give the oscar..to two English actors who really deserved the honor—Ye gads, what's happening to Hollywood?
1952 L. A. Summerhays This Way to Christmas 19 Ye gads, I have never laid eyes upon an uglier face.
2015 Sunday Times (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 22 Mar. White men can't jump, but ye gads can they bat!
†4. pseudo-archaic. With omission of give, in Gad ye good night: ‘goodnight’; = God you good night at god n. and int. Phrases 1c(b)(i). Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > courteous formulae [phrase] > expressions of leave-taking > at night
goodnightc1275
Gad ye good night1849
(good night) sleep tight1933
1849 G. P. R. James Woodman I. xv. 327 Gad ye good night, lords and ladies.
B. int.
1. Used to affirm the truth of a statement, or to express amazement, exasperation, etc. Cf. god int., gads int. 1. Now archaic and rare (in later use often used for comic effect).
ΚΠ
1673 T. Shadwell Epsom-Wells iii. 45 Gad I hate constancy in a Woman.
1679 J. Dryden Troilus & Cressida iii. i. 25 Gad that's exceeding foolish.
1710 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 7 Oct. (1948) I. 47 They may talk of the you know what; but, gad, if it had not been for that, I should never have been able to get the access I have had.
1769 I. Bickerstaff Dr. Last in his Chariot ii. i. 28 Gad, I have a good comical fellow for my servant.
1833 E. Bulwer-Lytton Godolphin I. vi. 50 Gad, if I were some years younger, I would join them myself.
1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Chaplain of Fleet I. iii. 41 Gad! there will be a pretty storm with my lady when she hears it.
1923 G. Heyer Transformation Philip Jettan xiii. 125 Gad, this is a surprise! How are ye, lad?
1978 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 8 Dec. Stricken millionaires..are dropping like flies, clutching their chests and exhaling, just before toppling over, Gad, we are doomed.
1985 G. Lyall Crocus List xvii. 120 Gad, I never realised what Total War really meant until this moment.
2. Scottish. Expressing strong distaste or disgust. Cf. gads int. 2.
ΚΠ
1925 in Sc. National Dict. (1956) IV. (at cited word) When nauseous medicine is administered or taken, the person taking it will utter, ‘Gad’, or ‘Lard’.
1991 J. Galloway Scenes from Life No. 29 in Blood (1992) 42 One big tom..used to..leave messes... Gad. Right outside your door... Stinking the place out.
2017 @FergusonKaytee 29 July in twitter.com (O.E.D. Archive) Actual so feart of moths they are horrible wee things gad.

Compounds

In the genitive (with the following noun usually a diminutive or alteration of another word), forming mild oaths. Cf. god n. and int. Phrases 3b, od n.1 and int. Compounds 3, ad n.2 1.These combinations were originally phrasal (like the corresponding formations at god n. and int. Phrases 3b), and examples of phrasal forms with by are sometimes found in early use (see e.g. quot. 1616 for Gad's lid int. and quot. 1715 for Gad's niggers int.).Common in the 17th and 18th centuries; subsequently archaic, often for comic effect.
Gad's bobs int. [perhaps an alteration of God's body! at body n. Phrases 3: compare od's bobs int. at od n.1 and int. Compounds 3] now archaic and rare
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > God's body
by God's corpusc1405
God's sides?1515
(by) Gog's arms, blood, body?1520
God's budkin1599
'Sbody1602
od's bobsa1625
'Sbud1676
Gadsbodikins1677
od's bodikins1677
'Sbodikins1677
Gad's bud1680
od's bud1682
'Sbobs1694
Gad's bobs1695
Gadsbudlikins1697
Cob's-body1708
1695 W. Congreve Love for Love iv. i. 59 Gads bobs, does he not know me?
1834 W. H. Ainsworth Rookwood I. viii. 86 ‘Gads bobs!’ cried Titus; ‘they tell me Turpin keeps the best nag in the United Kingdom.’
1937 Austral. Women's Weekly 10 July 22/5 'Ere comes 'is nibs an' Ned—an' gads bobs, they've copped the wench.
Gadsbodikins int. [compare bodikin n. 2] now archaic and rare
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > God's body
by God's corpusc1405
God's sides?1515
(by) Gog's arms, blood, body?1520
God's budkin1599
'Sbody1602
od's bobsa1625
'Sbud1676
Gadsbodikins1677
od's bodikins1677
'Sbodikins1677
Gad's bud1680
od's bud1682
'Sbobs1694
Gad's bobs1695
Gadsbudlikins1697
Cob's-body1708
1677 W. Wycherley Plain-dealer iii. 42 Gadsbodikins, you puny Upstart in the Law, to use me so.
1859 J. Grant Hollywood Hall xxvi. 162 ‘Escaped!’ exclaimed Sir Lennard and I together. ‘Gads bodikins, he be!’ replied the valets in one voice.
2002 R. M. Weinraub Wonder Bread Hill 25 I smell like the Deuce. Gadsbodikins!
† Gad's bud int. [alteration of God's blood! at blood n. 6] Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > God's body
by God's corpusc1405
God's sides?1515
(by) Gog's arms, blood, body?1520
God's budkin1599
'Sbody1602
od's bobsa1625
'Sbud1676
Gadsbodikins1677
od's bodikins1677
'Sbodikins1677
Gad's bud1680
od's bud1682
'Sbobs1694
Gad's bobs1695
Gadsbudlikins1697
Cob's-body1708
1680 T. D'Urfey Virtuous Wife iv. 37 Oh Gadsbud! Were ever poor Intriguers so used?
1792 ‘P. Pindar’ Odes to Kien Long 41 Gadsbud! my buzzing friend, thou art not dead!
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 399 Gad's bud. Immensely so, said Mr Lynch.
Gadsbudlikins int. [alteration of Gadsbodikins int. (compare bodlikins! at bodikin n. 2), after Gad's bud int.; compare earlier God's budkin at budkin n.] now archaic and rare
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > God's body
by God's corpusc1405
God's sides?1515
(by) Gog's arms, blood, body?1520
God's budkin1599
'Sbody1602
od's bobsa1625
'Sbud1676
Gadsbodikins1677
od's bodikins1677
'Sbodikins1677
Gad's bud1680
od's bud1682
'Sbobs1694
Gad's bobs1695
Gadsbudlikins1697
Cob's-body1708
1697 J. Vanbrugh Æsop ii. 26 Your Friend..was a witty Person, Gadsbudlikins.
2008 Stanford Daily (Nexis) 8 Jan. Gadsbudlikins! I never finished this? Here goes nothing.
† Gad's lid int. [compare earlier God's lid int. at god n. and int. Phrases 3b(a) and 'Slid int.] Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > God's eyelid
God's lid1600
'Slid1606
Gad's lid1616
od's lid1616
Zlid1616
'Slidikins1694
slitterkins1786
1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) i. i, in Wks. I. 7 And by gads lid I scorne it.
1701 T. D'Urfey Bath i. i. 1 Why 'tis true, gadslid I'll e'en go to Mr Mayor about it.
1909 H. K. Vielé On Lightship 79 A play, indeed! A comedy, i' faith! Gadslid, a tragedy!
† Gad's niggers int. [compare niggers n.] Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > God's nigs
nigsc1576
'Sneaks1602
od's nigsa1625
niggers1633
'Sniggers1633
'Snigsa1643
Gad's nigs1651
Gad's niggers1694
1694 T. D'Urfey Comical Hist. Don Quixote: Pt. 1 i. ii. 8 Gadsniggers I'll hold fast by this Arm.
1715 tr. M.-C. d'Aulnoy Wks. 438 By Gads-niggers I will have this Pasty.
† Gad's nigs int. [compare earlier God's nigs at nigs n. and 'Snigs int.] Obsolete rare
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > God's nigs
nigsc1576
'Sneaks1602
od's nigsa1625
niggers1633
'Sniggers1633
'Snigsa1643
Gad's nigs1651
Gad's niggers1694
1651 T. Randolph et al. Hey for Honesty iii. i. 20/2 Her will tug out her sword, and gads nigs, let her take very many heed, her will carbonado very much Legs and Arms.
† Gad's nouns int. [compare nouns int.] Obsolete
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > God's wounds
God's woundsc1460
kocks nownesa1556
nounsa1556
God's bores1578
swounds?1589
zoundsa1593
oons1593
'Snowns1594
wounds1600
od's nounsa1616
Gad's nouns1677
odsoons1694
od zounds1696
zines?1701
swolks1738
zoontersa1763
od's wounds1773
Gadswoons1826
woundikins1836
1677 W. Wycherley Plain-dealer iii. 52 Gadsnouns, I love thee more and more.
?1765 Theatre of Mirth 112 Gad's Nouns, he to be hanged for killing only one Man!
† Gad's precious int. [compare precious adj. 1b] Obsolete rare
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > miscellaneous
depardieuc1290
by God's namec1330
by God's roodc1330
by God's eyes1340
God's soul1345
for God's sakec1386
cock's soulc1405
God's armsc1405
by God's dooma1425
(by) (God's) nailsa1500
by God's fast?1515
God's lord?1520
God's sacramenta1529
God's dominusc1530
by God's crown1535
God's bread1535
God's gown1535
God's guts1543
of God's word?1550
God's hat1569
Gods me1570
marry (a) Godc1574
God's malt1575
God's ludd?1577
God's sacring?1577
God's sokinges?1577
trunnion?1577
(by) God's will1579
God's teeth1580
'Shearta1596
God's light1598
by God's me1599
'Snails1599
'Slight1600
God's diggers1602
'Swill1602
od's mea1616
od's my lifea1616
'Sprecious1631
'Sbores1640
odso1660
for sake('s) sake1665
Gad's precious1677
heartlikins1677
od1681
'Sdiggers1687
(Lord) love you (also your heart)1707
God's fury1748
heartikins1751
S'fire1791
nom de Dieu1848
'strewth1892
Lord lumme1895
lumme1898
1677 W. Wycherley Plain-dealer iii. 54 Gads precious, you hectoring person you, are you wild?
† Gad's sides int. [compare earlier God's sides int. at god n. and int. Phrases 3b(a)] Obsolete rare
ΚΠ
?1577 Misogonus ii. 1 in R. W. Bond Early Plays from Ital. (1911) 192 Ys he gone gads sides. this is too badde.
† Gadswoons int. [alteration of God's wounds int. at god n. and int. Phrases 3b(a); compare earlier swounds int., zounds int.] Obsolete rare
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > oaths > [interjection] > religious oaths (referring to God) > God's wounds
God's woundsc1460
kocks nownesa1556
nounsa1556
God's bores1578
swounds?1589
zoundsa1593
oons1593
'Snowns1594
wounds1600
od's nounsa1616
Gad's nouns1677
odsoons1694
od zounds1696
zines?1701
swolks1738
zoontersa1763
od's wounds1773
Gadswoons1826
woundikins1836
1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. x. 263 Gadswoons, I would have a peep.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

gadn.3

Brit. /ɡad/, U.S. /ɡæd/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: gad v.1
Etymology: < gad v.1
1. The action of gadding or going about from place to place; cf. gad v.1 1a. Only in on (also †upon) the gad: on the move; gadding about.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > travelling from place to place [phrase] > wandering
on (also upon) the gad1628
on (also upon) the ramble1664
1628 O. Felltham Resolves: 2nd Cent. lix. sig. S5 The World is wholly set vpon the Gad and waving.
1731 Judgm. Paris 5 I have so little Power now of restraining him from going upon the Gad.
a1817 J. Austen Persuasion (1818) III. vi. 103 Mrs. Charles's nursery-maid..is always upon the gad . View more context for this quotation
1863 E. C. Gaskell Sylvia's Lovers II. 204 Thou might have a bit o' news to tell one after being on the gad all the afternoon.
1932 Times of India 12 Dec. 13/1 On the gad. Any errand that carries a joy with it.
2012 N.Y. Times 30 Sept. (ST section) 16 On the gad at the Park Avenue Armory for a Versace gala, aglitter in ruby sequins?
†2. A person who gads about; spec. (a) a person who goes about spreading gossip; a busybody; a talkative person; (b) an idle or slovenly woman. Cf. gadder n.1, gadabout n. Obsolete (U.S. regional in later use).In quot. 1756 with allusion to the gadfly (cf. gad n.1 2c).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > acting in another's business or intervention > [noun] > being a busybody or officiousness > a busybody
busybody1526
busyhead1555
stiffler1566
Jack-stickler1579
pragmatical1593
polypragmon1596
polypragmonist1609
polypragmist1613
factotum1618
ardelio1624
polypragmatist1631
pragmatic1634
polypragmatic1636
pragmatist1640
stickler1702
gad1756
pantopragmatic1860
butterinsky1902
eager beaver1942
the world > relative properties > order > disorder > confusion or disorder > untidiness > [noun] > personal untidiness > woman
slut1402
malkin1586
mawks1596
feague1664
gad1756
frow1781
streel1842
ragbag1854
1756 Sophronia iii. 32 Nor bore she Visits from the idle Gads, That buzz about, with Whispers and with Lies.
1858 W. Reeve & D. Sanderson Dict. Canarese & Eng. (rev. ed.) 41/2 What a gad she is! she cannot stop in one place.
1859 J. C. Hotten Dict. Slang 43 Gad, a trapesing, slatternly woman. Gipsey.
1867 G. C. Hill Homespun ii. 161 All the loungers, all the idlers,..all the town gads and gossips..loiter, and talk, and listen in this most convenient place of public reception.
1883 R. Grant Average Man (1884) 45 Mamma is always complaining about my being such a gad down there.
1915 Dial. Notes 4 199 Gad, an idle woman. ‘The old gad! She would do well to stay at home and take care of her child.’
1916 Dial. Notes 4 337 [Pennsylvania] Gad, a talkative person.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

gadn.4

Brit. /ɡad/, U.S. /ɡæd/, Irish English /ɡæd/
Origin: A borrowing from Irish. Etymon: Irish gad.
Etymology: < Irish gad withe, osier (Early Irish gat : see gad n.1).
Chiefly Irish English. Now historical.
A rope or band made from the fibres of tough twigs twisted together.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > a bond, tie, or fastening > [noun] > made of flexible twigs or branches
withec1000
withya1400
widdie1471
gad1689
1689 R. Cox Hibernia Anglicana: Pt. 1 399 He gravely petitioned the Queen, not for Life, or Pardon, but that he might be hanged with a Gad..after his own Countrey fashion.
1728 in F. W. Fairholt Satirical Songs & Poems on Costume (1849) 217 Or if you'd be reckon'd tight Irish lads, Throw off your cravats and bands, and tie on your gads, And then you'll resemble your primitive dads.
1834 Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. vii. 175 The animals to be seen ploughing on most of the farms..are generally harnessed with ropes, and collars of straw, or gads.
1842 S. C. Hall & A. M. Hall Ireland II. 22 They..at once twisted ‘a gad’ round his neck and hung him from the next tree.
1859 F. A. Griffiths Artillerist's Man. (ed. 8) 233 The gads are made of rods 5 feet long, first twisted until the fibres separate.
1912 Lady Gregory Grania ii, in Irish Folk-hist. Plays 25 What is there but love can twist a man's life, as sally rods are twisted for a gad?
1988 Clogher Rec. 13 51 Many of them had a perfect outline of the old Irish ‘gad’ around their necks indicating that they had been hanged.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

gadv.1

Brit. /ɡad/, U.S. /ɡæd/
Forms: late Middle English– gad, 1500s–1600s gadde, 1900s– gadd (English regional (Lincolnshire)).
Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps formed within English, by back formation. Etymon: gadling n.1
Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a back formation < gadling n.1 (compare earlier sense 3 ‘rogue’ and later sense 4 ‘wanderer’ at that entry, and see discussion in the etymology), influenced semantically (compare sense 3, and perhaps also quot. a1500 at sense 1a) either by gad n.1 in sense ‘stick used to spur oxen’ (compare gad n.1 2a) or by gad-bee n. (compare later gad n.1 2c).
1.
a. intransitive. To go from one place to another, esp. aimlessly or idly; (now esp.) to go out or go travelling in the pursuit of pleasure or entertainment; to gallivant. Frequently in the progressive, and often with adverb or prepositional phrase. See also to gad about, to gad abroad, to gad around at Phrasal verbs.In quot. a1500: to go in a hurry.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > travel from place to place > [verb (intransitive)] > with no fixed aim or wander > idly
roil?c1335
gada1500
stavera1500
vaguea1525
scoterlope1574
idle1599
haika1605
saunter1671
stravaig1801
palmer1805
streel1805
taver1808
traik1818
gander1822
gallivant1823
gilravage1825
project1828
daud1831
meander1831
to knock about1833
to kick about1839
to knock round1848
piroot1858
sashay1865
june1869
tootle1902
slop1907
beetle1919
stooge1941
swan1942
a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. ii. 16 I hold the mad! Wenys thou now that I list gad To gif away my warldys aght?
a1535 T. More Dialoge of Comfort (1553) iii. xix. sig. R.vi To..holde himselfe content wt yt place, & long not..to be gadding out any where els.
1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 232 Such, as..gadded to S. Thomas for helpe and deuotion.
1607 Fayre Mayde of Exchange sig. E4v She must needes be gadding, and where I pray?
a1649 Valley of Vision (1651) sig. Bbb4v Their feet are not their owne, they may not gad whither they list, but where their Masters send them.
1710 A. Philips Pastorals i. 52 She gads where-e'er her roving Fancy leads.
1763 I. Bickerstaff Love in Village i. v. 10 What all gadding, all abroad!
a1817 J. Austen Persuasion (1818) III. vi. 102 Her upper house-maid and laundry-maid..are gadding about the village, all day long. View more context for this quotation
1862 Mrs. H. Wood Mrs. Halliburton's Troubles i. xxi. 114 There's Betsy..gadding out somewhere ever since she came home.
1880 T. E. Webb tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust ii. vi. 157 'Twould injure me with folks, where'er I gadded.
1921 Z. Grey Call of Canyon (1924) ii. 47 I gadded, danced, dressed, drank, smoked, motored, just the same as the other women in our crowd.
1983 I. Watson Bk. of River (1984) iii. 147 I'd spent some of the time gadding footloose and fancy-free about the western world.
2006 R. Harris Megan of Merseyside xxiii. 29 Why couldn't she have seen to things before she went gadding off on holiday?
†b. intransitive. Esp. of the mind, thoughts, etc.: to rove, stray, wander; to deviate from a correct course; (of a person) to stray in thought or behaviour. Also: to be directed towards a particular person or thing. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > wander in thought [verb (intransitive)]
wanderc1400
transcur1528
gad1538
rove1549
ramble1616
to go, or to be, a-wandering1700
run1801
1538 R. Morison tr. J. Sturm Epist. Cardynalles sig. Biiiiv Excepte mans minde be guided and ledde with diuine knowlege, it wandereth oute of the ryght waye, gadding hither and thither.
1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 4/2 When she gaddeth not astray from the simplicitie of the Gospel.
1599 T. Heywood 1st Pt. King Edward IV sig. H Yet idle eye, wilt thou be gadding still?
1641 J. Milton Of Prelatical Episc. 6 While we leave the Bible to gadde after these traditions.
1692 J. Locke Some Thoughts conc. Educ. §167 'Tis no wonder their Thoughts should..seek better Entertainment in more pleasing Objects, after which they will unavoidably be gadding.
1760 Lloyd's Evening Post 29 Aug. 208/1 My thoughts are always gadding after you.
1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust II. i. iii. 38 If I once regardless gadded, For the world my hopes are vain.
1892 W. D. Howells Let. 23 Feb. in Sel. Lett. (1981) IV. 14 His hopes are gadding Europeward already.
†c. intransitive. poetic. In extended use, of a place or something inanimate: to change location, shift. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > move along [verb (intransitive)] > specifically of things
travelc1300
passa1387
gad1582
toll18..
translate1876
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iii. 47 Thee roads, thee countrey, thee towns fro oure nauye be gadding [L. terraeque urbesque recedunt].
1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne xvii. xxi. 299 Th' Arabians next that haue no certaine stay, No house, no home,..But euer..From place to place their wandring cities gad [It. le cittati erranti].
1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. iv. i. 387 The frensie had gadded ouer the Alpes [L. isset ultra Alpes furor].
†2. transitive. To go or travel on (a journey or pilgrimage). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1536 tr. G. Gnapheus Myrrour for Syke sig. Eviv They must be appeased and reconcyled againe with gaddynge a pelgrymage.
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 38 They gadde many a weerysome journey on pilgrimage unto them.
1654 J. Taylor Certain Trav. Uncertain Journey 11 Th' yeer sixteen hundred fifty, with 3. added, Old Tib my Mare, and I, a journy gadded.
3. intransitive. To run or leap about wildly. Since the 17th cent. spec. of a bovine animal: to rush about or leap in a frenzied manner, esp. when bitten by gadflies. Cf. gadding n.1 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move swiftly and violently > rush around
scour1297
startlec1300
reelc1400
rammisha1540
gad1552
ramp1599
fling1620
to run rounda1623
rampage1791
to run around1822
to rip and tear1846
hella1864
running around like a chicken with its head cut off (also like a chicken with no head)1887
to haul ass1918
tear-arse1942
1552 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Bacchor..to renne, gadde, and rage as it were a mad man.
1580 J. Stow Chrons. of Eng. 39 Women gadding vp & down frantickly in mourning weedes, their haire hanging about their eares, & shaking firebrands.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. ii. 78 The cattell..gadded in and out, as their manner is when they be scared and affrighted.
1679 J. Dryden & N. Lee Oedipus i. 4 You shall see 'em toss their Tails, and gad, As if the Breeze had stung 'em.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 103 Their stings draw blood; And drive the Cattel gadding through the Wood. View more context for this quotation
1874 Leicester Chron. & Leics. Mercury 18 July 5/4 He went to milk his father's cows, and found two of them ‘gadding’.
1883 W. Roper Weather Sayings, Prov., & Prognostics 26 If Cattle gad there will be a change soon.
1942 E. Cross Tailor & Ansty xix. 183 At first you won't move at all, and now you're like a cow that's gadding.
1974 W. Leeds Herefordshire Speech 64 The cattle are gadding... They are rushing about, tormented by gadflies.
2017 P. E. Kaufman & E. N. I. Weeks Cattle Grub Managem. (rev. ed.) (caption) in www.edis.ifas.ufl.edu (accessed 18 Oct. 2017) Cattle gadding in response to the presence of warble flies.
4. intransitive. Chiefly poetic. Of a plant or part of a plant: to grow in a spreading, rambling, or straggling manner. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > by growth or development > defined by habit > grow in a specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > climb, creep, or spread
spreadc1300
runc1425
creep1530
ramp1578
clamber1601
couch1601
crawl1637
gad1638
climb1796
ramble1858
1638 [implied in: J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 21 in Justa Edouardo King With wild thyme and the gadding vine oregrown. (at gadding adj.)].
1676 J. Evelyn Philos. Disc. Earth 139 Keep the roots from gadding too far from the Stem.
1752 W. Mason Elfrida 20 The ivy, gadding from th' untwisted stem, Curtains each verdant side.
1822 W. Wordsworth Fort Fuentes in Memorials of Tour on Continent 32 Now gads the wild vine o'er the pathless Ascent.
1835 W. G. Simms Yemassee I. xx. 172 A small tree rose from the centre of a clump around which a wild grape gadded luxuriantly.
1994 Irish Times (Nexis) 28 May (Gardening Suppl.) 11 The Lamium is making such a nice foil as it reaches out from under the trees and gads through the flowering wild garlic.

Phrases

slang. to gad the hoof: to go without shoes, to walk barefoot. Now archaic and rare (U.S. in later use).
ΚΠ
1839 H. Brandon Dict. Flash or Cant Lang. in W. A. Miles Poverty, Mendicity & Crime 167/1 Gadding the hoof—going without shoes.
1861 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) 9 Nov. 216/1 For two months they had gadded the hoof.
1880 G. A. Townsend Tales Chesapeake 94 I had rather parted with my shoes at a dolly shop and gone gadding the hoof.
1955 M. Kantor Andersonville xiii. 125 Isn't that better than living on hog-fodder, and gadding the hoof?

Phrasal verbs

to gad about
intransitive. To go about from place to place, esp. aimlessly or idly; (now esp.) to go travelling or go to many social events for pleasure.
ΚΠ
1532 R. Whitford Pype or Tonne f. cxlviv & likewise of all wandryng & curious or new fangle discourses & rennynges & gaddyng aboute to se newes.
a1556 T. Cranmer Aunswere vnto Craftie & Sophisticall Cauillation (1580) iv. 239 Why doe they not rather quietly sit still in their seates,..than to gadde about from place to place.
1663 E. Lane Look unto Jesus 332 Have not we also grown wanton with our wealth, gadding about after vanities that cannot profit us?
1709 Female Tatler No. 4. ⁋1 'Tis very irreputable for a young Woman to gad about to Mens Lodgings.
1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Gallant, women, who gad about idly, and with the appearance of lightness, in the company of men.
1855 Times 16 Nov. 8/2 At every village there is a small guest-house appropriated exclusively to the reception of travellers, for the Circassians are always gadding about.
1975 T. Hughes Let. 3 Apr. (2009) 365 I bought a farm..and so far as I can judge it has helped my writing—mainly by making it impossible for me to gad about.
2017 Courier Mail (Austral.) (Nexis) 14 May (News section) 23 Instead of armchairs and meat loaf on Tuesdays, they're gadding about on walking holidays in Croatia.
 to gad abroad
intransitive. Originally: †to go out, esp. without definite aim or purpose (cf. abroad adv. 3) (obsolete). Later: to go abroad or go travelling for pleasure. Now rare.In quot. a1688 figurative.
ΚΠ
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Mark v. f. xxxvi He..would gad abrode at libertie.
1554 T. Martin Traictise Marriage of Priestes xii. sig. Ddiiiiv Whyle the virgins..will nedes..gooe raunginge and gaddinge abrode.
1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 60 Gad not abroad at ev'ry quest and call Of an untrained hope or passion.
a1688 R. Cudworth Treat. Eternal & Immutable Morality (1731) iii. iii. 98 Sense wholly gazes and gads abroad.
1732 H. Baker & J. Miller tr. Molière School for Husbands i. ii. 13 in Sel. Comedies IV Let her gad abroad, love Idleness, and be at Liberty for the Beaux to Compliment.
1834 W. Beckford Italy; with Sketches Spain & Portugal II. 61 How silly, when one is well and cool to gad abroad, in the vain hope of making what is really best, better.
1893 Girl's Own Paper 29 Apr. 485/1 Good people, get home; why are you all gadding abroad at this hour of the night, eh?
1966 Racine (Wisconsin) Jrnl.-Times 6 July How could George be gadding abroad showing people over there how wonderful Americans are, if he had to join in a dirty old war?
 to gad around
intransitive. = to gad about at Phrasal verbs.
ΚΠ
1853 C. T. Brooks tr. C. F. Gellert in German Lyrics 155 Since first I knew thee, I have found Thou nothing dost but gad around.
1873 C. Smart Driven from Path iii. xi. 427 If mamma were not dropping asleep on the lounge, on account of having gadded around with me all day.
1909 A. Woollcott Let. 24 Sept. (1944) 20 She gads around something fierce, as your friend Bert would say.
1940 Railroad Mag. Apr. 26/2 I should have put a stop to you gadding around with her when you first begun it, but I thought you had sense enough—.
2008 ‘R. Keeland’ tr. S. Larsson Girl with Dragon Tattoo xix. 504 ‘On Walpurgis night,’ she replied. ‘Very fitting, don't you think? That's when I gad around with a broom between my legs’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

gadv.2

Brit. /ɡad/, U.S. /ɡæd/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: gad n.1
Etymology: < gad n.1 With sense 2 compare earlier gadding n.2 and gadder n.2
rare.
†1. transitive. To fasten (something) with a gad-nail (gad-nail n. at gad n.1 Compounds). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1841 C. H. Hartshorne Salopia Antiqua Gloss. Gad, to affix, fasten. Ex. ‘Gad it to’, chiefly with reference to iron-work.
2. transitive. Mining. To make (a hole) with a gad (gad n.1 6) or gadding machine; to break (rock or ore) with a gad or gadding machine.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > armour for limbs > wear armour for limbs [verb (transitive)] > furnish gauntlet with spikes
gad1883
1883 F. W. Sperr in Rep. Building Stones U.S. & Statistics Quarry Industry 1880 (10th U.S. Census) 36 In many quarries the blocks are made from 4 to 6 feet in width, and the bottom holes are gadded from 18 to 36 inches deep.
1957 Canad. Mining Jrnl. Mar. 65 Fairly sizable pieces of loose have been gadded down using a jackleg machine with a long gad.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> as lemmas

GAD
GAD n. Psychiatry = generalized anxiety disorder n. at generalized adj. Compounds.
ΚΠ
1982 Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 39 687/2 Typically persons with GAD reported a more continuous illness with fluctuations in the level of their anxiety, but they rarely reported feeling entirely well for prolonged periods of time.
1990 J. Handly et al. Why Women Worry iii. xv. 211 She might spiral into..Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)—persistent anxiety of at least six months.
2017 MailOnline (Nexis) 20 June In people with GAD, the worry is often unrealistic or out of proportion for the situation.
extracted from Gn.
<
n.1c1225n.2int.c1500n.31628n.41689v.1a1500v.21841
as lemmas
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