ganglionn.

Brit.

/ˈɡaŋɡlɪən/, U.S.

/ˈɡæŋɡliən/

Inflections: Plural ganglia, ganglions.

Forms: 1500s ganglium, 1500s– ganglion, 1600s gangleon, 1600s ganglias (plural), 1600s ganglio, 1700s ganglin.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin ganglion; Greek γάγγλιον.

Etymology: < (i) classical Latin ganglion kind of tumour, and its etymon (ii) Hellenistic Greek γάγγλιον tumour under the skin, on or near tendons or sinews (to which Galen compared the structures of nerve tissue denoted by sense 2); of unknown origin. Compare Middle French, French ganglion (a1590 denoting a small tumour, 1757 in sense 2). In sense 3 after French ganglion lymphatique (1791 or earlier). In sense 4 after French ganglion glandiforme (1816 or earlier).

1. Medicine. A tumour or cyst, esp. one filled with viscous fluid; (in later use) spec. (also more fully ganglion cyst) a cyst connected with a tendon sheath or joint, esp. of the wrist or hand.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > swelling > [noun] > a swelling or protuberance

ampereOE

kernelc1000

wenc1000

knot?c1225

swella1250

bulchc1300

bunchc1325

bolninga1340

botcha1387

bouge1398

nodusa1400

oedemaa1400

wax-kernel14..

knobc1405

nodule?a1425

more?c1425

bunnyc1440

papa1450

knurc1460

waxing kernel?c1460

lump?a1500

waxen-kernel1500

bump1533

puff1538

tumour?1541

swelling1542

elevation1543

enlarging1562

knub1563

pimple1582

ganglion1583

button1584

phyma1585

emphysema?1587

flesh-pimple1587

oedem?a1591

burgeon1597

wartle1598

hurtle1599

pough1601

wart1603

extumescence1611

hulch1611

peppernel1613

affusion1615

extumescency1684

jog1715

knibloch1780

tumefaction1802

hunch1803

income1808

intumescence1822

gibber1853

tumescence1859

whetstone1886

tumidity1897

Osler's node1920

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of ligaments > [noun]

syndesmitis1848

ganglion cyst1876

teno-synovitis1890

tendo-synovitis1899

tendinitis1900

BlackBerry thumb2002

1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke v. xxiv. 255 These are the signes of Ganglium, the tumour is all of one colour, resisting touching or handling, and without paine.

1597 P. Lowe Whole Course Chirurg. v. ii. sig. M^v (heading) The second Chapter, of the tumors called Nodus or Ganglion which commeth in the head.

1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. vii. xvi. 267 By concretion, whence kernells and all kinds of Wens, Ganglia, and knots.

1678 J. Browne Compl. Treat. Preternatural Tumours 26 The third is finished by extirpating tumours, as Ganglions, Cancers, Nodes, [etc.].

1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 212 Let us but consider..the Cure of a Ganglion, a Tumour in a Tendon.

1771 L. Carter Diary 10 July (1965) II. 589 He then turned runaway and by lying out for months contracted ganglins in his leggs.

1791 Nat. Hist. in Ann. Reg. 45/2 A German woman..had several swellings or ganglions upon different parts of her head from one of which a horn grew.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 312 The ganglion..is peculiarly common to the wrists of washing-women.

1876 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 23 Dec. 825/1 Dr. George Buchanan showed a ganglion-cyst of the size of a hen's egg, which he had excised from the outer aspect of the knee-joint.

1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xix. 487 The compound palmar ganglion..is a tuberculous inflammation of the tendon sheaths of the palm or wrist.

1987 Current Orthopaedics 1 162/1 Total meniscectomy is unnecessarily destructive surgery for something that is no more than a ganglion.

2010 W. P. Cooney et al. Wrist (ed. 2) lvii. 1137/1 Ganglion cysts of the wrist have been reported in infants, octogenarians, and all ages in between.

a. Anatomy and Zoology. In humans and other vertebrates: any of various nodular groups of nerve-cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. Also with distinguishing word.ciliary, otic, stellate ganglion, etc.: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > parts of nerves > [noun] > ganglion

ganglion1698

lenticular ganglion1793

nerve-knot1832

Casserian (or Gasserian) ganglion1842

station1855

nerve ganglion1870

1698 J. Keill Anat. Humane Body 288 Where-ever any Nerve sends out a branch, or receives one from another, or where two Nerves join together, there is generally a Ganglio or Plexus either less or more, as may be seen at the beginning of all the Nerves of the Medulla Spinalis.

1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iv. 369 In the Ganglia, where they [sc. the Nerves] are tied together.

1741 W. Cheselden Anat. Human Body (ed. 6) 238 The tenth pair comes out from the beginning of the medulla spinalis..and is all, except what goes to the ganglion of the intercostal.

1797 Monthly Mag. 3 209 The ganglions are connected to each other, by a very slender medullary cord.

1805 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 14 328 All nerves rising from the spinal marrow..pass on their way through nervous knots, ganglia.

1859 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 443/2 Of the ganglia, it is exclusively the sympathetic which are made up of multipolar ganglion-cells.

1903 Brain 26 5 The nerve fibres which leave the central nervous system are all pre-ganglionic fibres; they end in connection with nerve cells in the ganglia.

1997 New Scientist 13 Dec. 8/1 Jack Cunningham announced a ban on cuts such as ribs and T-bone steaks after government researchers found that dorsal root ganglia are infective.

2008 N.Y. Times 26 Aug. d3/5 At the tip of the noses of mammals, including humans, is a ball of nerve cells known as the Grueneberg ganglion.

b. Zoology. Any of the nodular groups of nerve cells forming part of the nervous system in many invertebrates, typically serving to integrate sensory and motor functions.

ΚΠ

1801 J. Allen tr. G. Cuvier Introd. Study Animal Econ. 39 In the Molluscæ the ganglia are seated no where but in the great cavities.

1875 Encycl. Brit. II. 273/1 Nervous System [of Arachnida]. This consists of ganglia or nerve-knots, formed by enlargements of longitudinal nervous cords.

1914 J. A. Thomson Wonder of Life vi. 411 In Echinoderms..the absence of ganglia puts definite sex-awareness out of the question.

1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) xiii. 210 Connected with each visceral ganglion is an area of yellow sensory epithelial cells.

2008 K. Ito & T. Awasaki in G. M. Technau Brain Devel. Drosophila Melanogaster ix. 139 The supraoesophageal ganglion is divided into three neuromeres.

c. Anatomy. Any of various discrete areas of grey (or, rarely, white) matter in the central nervous system. Frequently with distinguishing word.Nucleus is now the preferred term for most of these structures (see nucleus n. 6).basal ganglion: see the first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > [noun] > grey matter > nerve centre

ganglion1805

centre1809

nerve bulb1862

nerve centre1870

1805 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 14 328 These ganglia of the brain, contain a texture or expansion of nerves, mixed with a substance like the cortical substance of the brain.

1879 H. Calderwood Relations Mind & Brain ii. 31 These represent the largest nerve ganglions of grey and white matter at the base of each hemisphere.

1904 E. B. Titchener tr. W. Wundt Princ. Physiol. Psychol. I. v. 173 The valvula..serves in all probability to supplement the connexions of the cerebellum with the brain ganglia.

2010 R. S. Snell Clin. Neuroanat. i. 10 A central core of white matter, containing several large masses of gray matter, the basal nuclei or ganglia.

3. Anatomy. More fully lymphatic ganglion. A lymph node. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1815 G. J. M. de Lys tr. A. Richerand Elements Physiol. (new ed.) ii. 141 It might be better, perhaps, to call them ganglions, as has been done by my learned and respected colleague Chaussier, though that name is objectionable, from its association in the mind with the nervous ganglions, whose structure is not at all similar to that of the lymphatic ganglions.

1848 R. Dunglison Pract. Med. (ed. 3) II. 93 The mesenteric glands or ganglions are a part of the absorbent system.

1886 London Med. Rec. 15 Dec. 523/1 This disease is produced [in rabbits] by the inoculation of tuberculous matter (lungs, ganglia) taken from dead bodies during the heat of summer.

1916 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 3 265 San Felice isolated this parasite from the lymphatic ganglia of a cow.

2000 Clin. Infectious Dis. 30 576/2 Regional lymphatic ganglia were not affected.

†4. Anatomy. Any of a disparate group of glandular or gland-like organs including the thyroid and adrenal glands, the thymus, and the spleen. Obsolete.This group was sometimes also taken to include lymph nodes (cf. sense 3).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > types of gland > [noun]

miliary gland1691

mucilaginous gland1691

mucous gland1699

acinus1702

crypta1726

glandule1751

crypt1804

globate gland1813

ganglion1819

submaxillary1824

lacrimal1829

germ gland1840

sweat-gland1845

ductless glands1849

lymph node1892

metasternal1965

1819 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 15 586 The author..informs us that M. le Professeur Chaussier has denominated the glands not known to secrete (as the spleen) glandiform ganglions!

1830 J. Togno tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 274 The ganglia of the blood vessels, which are the thyroid gland, the thymus, the surrenal capsules, and the spleen.

1879 J. R. Reynolds et al. Syst. Med. V. 164 The author considers this form of its inflammation to be identical with pyæmic deposits, and to consist of the metamorphosis of an infected coagulum, within the channels of a vascular ganglion.

5. figurative.

a. A centre of power, activity, or interest. Cf. nerve centre n. (b) at nerve n. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > that which is important > essential or central

pitheOE

effectc1405

substancec1450

kernel1556

nick1577

keystone1641

vitals1657

narrow1702

secret1738

ganglion1828

nub1833

primality1846

keyword1848

knub1864

buzzword1946

in word1964

1828 W. F. Napier Hist. War Peninsula I. i. iv. 61 Thus linking his operations together, Napoleon hoped, by grasping as it were the ganglia of the insurrection, to paralyze its force.

1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets vii. 15 I see new ganglions of human population establishing themselves.

1882 R. L. Stevenson in Longman's Mag. Nov. 73 That scene is the chief ganglion of the tale.

1927 A. H. McNeile Introd. New Test. 294 We must also keep distinct the four chief geographical areas in the Church, the ganglions of its system—Rome and the West, Carthage, Alexandria, and what may be broadly called the East.

1995 T. J. Colton Moscow iv. 332 As the political ganglion of the USSR, it [sc. the Palace of Soviets] was to put on all parliamentary and party congresses and big political festivals.

b. A point from which many lines diverge; the lines extending from such a point.

ΚΠ

1849 Hooker's Jrnl. Bot. 1 335 Innumerable rivulets from the hills..forming here a plexus and there a ganglion of waters.

1852 C. Fox Let. 30 Nov. in Mem. Old Friends (1882) II. 196 When we come upon a perplexing ganglion of paths, [we have to] wait patiently and take our bearings.

a1938 T. Wolfe You can't go Home Again (1940) v. xxxv. 585 The enormous ganglia of unending London rolled past them.

1977 New Yorker 4 July 42/1 Ed hung there for a moment in a ganglion of straps.

2001 M. Blake 24 Karat Schmooze iii. 26 The page covering the local area was a solid maze of streets, the knotted ganglion of the Elephant and Castle at its centre.

6. Mycology. A knot-like swelling on a hypha or mycelium of certain fungi. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1848 J. Lindley Gloss. Techn. Terms Bot. p. xlii Ganglia.—The mycelium of certain Fungals.

1889 Jrnl. Mycol. 5 23 When examined microscopically this capillitium is seen to be made up of numerous small knots or ganglia.

1921 Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci., Arts, & Lett. 20 415 Conidiophores arising from more or less intricate superficial mycelial ganglia.

1999 BioScience 49 444/2 It is the dikaryotic mycelium that, under appropriate physiological and biochemical conditions, produces hyphal ganglia.

Compounds

ganglion-blocking adj. Physiology and Pharmacology (of a drug) preventing the transmission of nerve impulses across a synapse in a ganglion; cf. ganglionic blocking adj. at ganglionic adj. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1949 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 29 Oct. 999/2 Nerve impulses may be temporarily interrupted..by administration of autonomic ganglion blocking agents.

1962 J. H. Burn Drugs, Med. & Man vi. 65 In the presence of one of these substances, which are called ganglion-blocking drugs, the acetylcholine when liberated is unable to stimulate the next fibre.

2001 Science 22 June 2227/1 Volunteers..were to be given hexamethonium, a ganglion-blocking drug that affects the nervous system.

ganglion cell n. [after German Ganglienzell (1840 or earlier)] Physiology a neuron (nerve cell); spec. (in later use) one with a cell body that is located in the peripheral (rather than central) nervous system.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > [noun] > grey matter > nerve centre > ganglion cell

ganglion globule1840

ganglion cell1844

ganglion corpuscle1845

1844 Brit. & Foreign Med. Rev. 18 146 The resemblance between the ganglion-cells of Hannover, and the ‘spinal bodies’ of Stilling, is too striking to be passed over unnoticed.

1877 I. Rosenthal Gen. Physiol. Muscles & Nerves 105 Certain cell-like structures called nerve-cells, or ganglion-cells.

1953 Jrnl. Physiol. 121 638 The failure of transmission might be due to a permanent depolarization of the ganglion cells.

2007 Washington Post 30 Oct. (Home ed.) f5/1 Unlike rods and cones, ganglion cells specifically detect sky-blue light.

ganglion corpuscle n. Physiology (now disused) = ganglion cell n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > [noun] > grey matter > nerve centre > ganglion cell

ganglion globule1840

ganglion cell1844

ganglion corpuscle1845

1845 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 10 171 Neither does the terminal enlargement of the nerve-fibril resemble a ganglion corpuscle.

1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. i. ii. 42 The nervous arc..consists of the afferent nerve..the ganglion-corpuscle to which its central extremity runs, and the efferent nerve thence issuing.

1912 Twentieth Cent. Encycl. 2191/2 The vesicular nervous substance is composed..of vesicles or corpuscles, commonly called nerve or ganglion corpuscles.

ganglion globule n. [after German Ganglienkugel (1836 or earlier)] Physiology (now historical and rare) = ganglion cell n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > [noun] > grey matter > nerve centre > ganglion cell

ganglion globule1840

ganglion cell1844

ganglion corpuscle1845

1840 Philos. Trans. 130 552 We have evidence..in figures by Valentin of ganglion-globules.

1901 W. B. Carpenter Microscope (ed. 8) 1051 The typical form of the nerve-cells or ‘ganglion-globules’ may be regarded as globular.

1996 E. Clarke & C. D. O'Malley Human Brain & Spinal Cord (ed. 2) 43 The passages from Valentin's paper of 1836 presented below contain an account of the ganglion ‘globules’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ganglion
释义	ganglionn. Brit. /ˈɡaŋɡlɪən/, U.S. /ˈɡæŋɡliən/ Inflections: Plural ganglia, ganglions. Forms: 1500s ganglium, 1500s– ganglion, 1600s gangleon, 1600s ganglias (plural), 1600s ganglio, 1700s ganglin. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin ganglion; Greek γάγγλιον. Etymology: < (i) classical Latin ganglion kind of tumour, and its etymon (ii) Hellenistic Greek γάγγλιον tumour under the skin, on or near tendons or sinews (to which Galen compared the structures of nerve tissue denoted by sense 2); of unknown origin. Compare Middle French, French ganglion (a1590 denoting a small tumour, 1757 in sense 2). In sense 3 after French ganglion lymphatique (1791 or earlier). In sense 4 after French ganglion glandiforme (1816 or earlier). 1. Medicine. A tumour or cyst, esp. one filled with viscous fluid; (in later use) spec. (also more fully ganglion cyst) a cyst connected with a tendon sheath or joint, esp. of the wrist or hand. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > swelling > [noun] > a swelling or protuberance ampereOE kernelc1000 wenc1000 knot?c1225 swella1250 bulchc1300 bunchc1325 bolninga1340 botcha1387 bouge1398 nodusa1400 oedemaa1400 wax-kernel14.. knobc1405 nodule?a1425 more?c1425 bunnyc1440 papa1450 knurc1460 waxing kernel?c1460 lump?a1500 waxen-kernel1500 bump1533 puff1538 tumour?1541 swelling1542 elevation1543 enlarging1562 knub1563 pimple1582 ganglion1583 button1584 phyma1585 emphysema?1587 flesh-pimple1587 oedem?a1591 burgeon1597 wartle1598 hurtle1599 pough1601 wart1603 extumescence1611 hulch1611 peppernel1613 affusion1615 extumescency1684 jog1715 knibloch1780 tumefaction1802 hunch1803 income1808 intumescence1822 gibber1853 tumescence1859 whetstone1886 tumidity1897 Osler's node1920 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > disorders of ligaments > [noun] syndesmitis1848 ganglion cyst1876 teno-synovitis1890 tendo-synovitis1899 tendinitis1900 BlackBerry thumb2002 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke v. xxiv. 255 These are the signes of Ganglium, the tumour is all of one colour, resisting touching or handling, and without paine. 1597 P. Lowe Whole Course Chirurg. v. ii. sig. M^v (heading) The second Chapter, of the tumors called Nodus or Ganglion which commeth in the head. 1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. vii. xvi. 267 By concretion, whence kernells and all kinds of Wens, Ganglia, and knots. 1678 J. Browne Compl. Treat. Preternatural Tumours 26 The third is finished by extirpating tumours, as Ganglions, Cancers, Nodes, [etc.]. 1705 F. Fuller Medicina Gymnastica 212 Let us but consider..the Cure of a Ganglion, a Tumour in a Tendon. 1771 L. Carter Diary 10 July (1965) II. 589 He then turned runaway and by lying out for months contracted ganglins in his leggs. 1791 Nat. Hist. in Ann. Reg. 45/2 A German woman..had several swellings or ganglions upon different parts of her head from one of which a horn grew. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 312 The ganglion..is peculiarly common to the wrists of washing-women. 1876 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 23 Dec. 825/1 Dr. George Buchanan showed a ganglion-cyst of the size of a hen's egg, which he had excised from the outer aspect of the knee-joint. 1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) xix. 487 The compound palmar ganglion..is a tuberculous inflammation of the tendon sheaths of the palm or wrist. 1987 Current Orthopaedics 1 162/1 Total meniscectomy is unnecessarily destructive surgery for something that is no more than a ganglion. 2010 W. P. Cooney et al. Wrist (ed. 2) lvii. 1137/1 Ganglion cysts of the wrist have been reported in infants, octogenarians, and all ages in between. 2. a. Anatomy and Zoology. In humans and other vertebrates: any of various nodular groups of nerve-cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system. Also with distinguishing word.ciliary, otic, stellate ganglion, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > parts of nerves > [noun] > ganglion ganglion1698 lenticular ganglion1793 nerve-knot1832 Casserian (or Gasserian) ganglion1842 station1855 nerve ganglion1870 1698 J. Keill Anat. Humane Body 288 Where-ever any Nerve sends out a branch, or receives one from another, or where two Nerves join together, there is generally a Ganglio or Plexus either less or more, as may be seen at the beginning of all the Nerves of the Medulla Spinalis. 1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet iv. 369 In the Ganglia, where they [sc. the Nerves] are tied together. 1741 W. Cheselden Anat. Human Body (ed. 6) 238 The tenth pair comes out from the beginning of the medulla spinalis..and is all, except what goes to the ganglion of the intercostal. 1797 Monthly Mag. 3 209 The ganglions are connected to each other, by a very slender medullary cord. 1805 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 14 328 All nerves rising from the spinal marrow..pass on their way through nervous knots, ganglia. 1859 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. V. 443/2 Of the ganglia, it is exclusively the sympathetic which are made up of multipolar ganglion-cells. 1903 Brain 26 5 The nerve fibres which leave the central nervous system are all pre-ganglionic fibres; they end in connection with nerve cells in the ganglia. 1997 New Scientist 13 Dec. 8/1 Jack Cunningham announced a ban on cuts such as ribs and T-bone steaks after government researchers found that dorsal root ganglia are infective. 2008 N.Y. Times 26 Aug. d3/5 At the tip of the noses of mammals, including humans, is a ball of nerve cells known as the Grueneberg ganglion. b. Zoology. Any of the nodular groups of nerve cells forming part of the nervous system in many invertebrates, typically serving to integrate sensory and motor functions. ΚΠ 1801 J. Allen tr. G. Cuvier Introd. Study Animal Econ. 39 In the Molluscæ the ganglia are seated no where but in the great cavities. 1875 Encycl. Brit. II. 273/1 Nervous System [of Arachnida]. This consists of ganglia or nerve-knots, formed by enlargements of longitudinal nervous cords. 1914 J. A. Thomson Wonder of Life vi. 411 In Echinoderms..the absence of ganglia puts definite sex-awareness out of the question. 1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) xiii. 210 Connected with each visceral ganglion is an area of yellow sensory epithelial cells. 2008 K. Ito & T. Awasaki in G. M. Technau Brain Devel. Drosophila Melanogaster ix. 139 The supraoesophageal ganglion is divided into three neuromeres. c. Anatomy. Any of various discrete areas of grey (or, rarely, white) matter in the central nervous system. Frequently with distinguishing word.Nucleus is now the preferred term for most of these structures (see nucleus n. 6).basal ganglion: see the first element. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > [noun] > grey matter > nerve centre ganglion1805 centre1809 nerve bulb1862 nerve centre1870 1805 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 14 328 These ganglia of the brain, contain a texture or expansion of nerves, mixed with a substance like the cortical substance of the brain. 1879 H. Calderwood Relations Mind & Brain ii. 31 These represent the largest nerve ganglions of grey and white matter at the base of each hemisphere. 1904 E. B. Titchener tr. W. Wundt Princ. Physiol. Psychol. I. v. 173 The valvula..serves in all probability to supplement the connexions of the cerebellum with the brain ganglia. 2010 R. S. Snell Clin. Neuroanat. i. 10 A central core of white matter, containing several large masses of gray matter, the basal nuclei or ganglia. 3. Anatomy. More fully lymphatic ganglion. A lymph node. Now rare. ΚΠ 1815 G. J. M. de Lys tr. A. Richerand Elements Physiol. (new ed.) ii. 141 It might be better, perhaps, to call them ganglions, as has been done by my learned and respected colleague Chaussier, though that name is objectionable, from its association in the mind with the nervous ganglions, whose structure is not at all similar to that of the lymphatic ganglions. 1848 R. Dunglison Pract. Med. (ed. 3) II. 93 The mesenteric glands or ganglions are a part of the absorbent system. 1886 London Med. Rec. 15 Dec. 523/1 This disease is produced [in rabbits] by the inoculation of tuberculous matter (lungs, ganglia) taken from dead bodies during the heat of summer. 1916 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 3 265 San Felice isolated this parasite from the lymphatic ganglia of a cow. 2000 Clin. Infectious Dis. 30 576/2 Regional lymphatic ganglia were not affected. †4. Anatomy. Any of a disparate group of glandular or gland-like organs including the thyroid and adrenal glands, the thymus, and the spleen. Obsolete.This group was sometimes also taken to include lymph nodes (cf. sense 3). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > gland > types of gland > [noun] miliary gland1691 mucilaginous gland1691 mucous gland1699 acinus1702 crypta1726 glandule1751 crypt1804 globate gland1813 ganglion1819 submaxillary1824 lacrimal1829 germ gland1840 sweat-gland1845 ductless glands1849 lymph node1892 metasternal1965 1819 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 15 586 The author..informs us that M. le Professeur Chaussier has denominated the glands not known to secrete (as the spleen) glandiform ganglions! 1830 J. Togno tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 274 The ganglia of the blood vessels, which are the thyroid gland, the thymus, the surrenal capsules, and the spleen. 1879 J. R. Reynolds et al. Syst. Med. V. 164 The author considers this form of its inflammation to be identical with pyæmic deposits, and to consist of the metamorphosis of an infected coagulum, within the channels of a vascular ganglion. 5. figurative. a. A centre of power, activity, or interest. Cf. nerve centre n. (b) at nerve n. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > importance > [noun] > that which is important > essential or central pitheOE effectc1405 substancec1450 kernel1556 nick1577 keystone1641 vitals1657 narrow1702 secret1738 ganglion1828 nub1833 primality1846 keyword1848 knub1864 buzzword1946 in word1964 1828 W. F. Napier Hist. War Peninsula I. i. iv. 61 Thus linking his operations together, Napoleon hoped, by grasping as it were the ganglia of the insurrection, to paralyze its force. 1850 T. Carlyle Latter-day Pamphlets vii. 15 I see new ganglions of human population establishing themselves. 1882 R. L. Stevenson in Longman's Mag. Nov. 73 That scene is the chief ganglion of the tale. 1927 A. H. McNeile Introd. New Test. 294 We must also keep distinct the four chief geographical areas in the Church, the ganglions of its system—Rome and the West, Carthage, Alexandria, and what may be broadly called the East. 1995 T. J. Colton Moscow iv. 332 As the political ganglion of the USSR, it [sc. the Palace of Soviets] was to put on all parliamentary and party congresses and big political festivals. b. A point from which many lines diverge; the lines extending from such a point. ΚΠ 1849 Hooker's Jrnl. Bot. 1 335 Innumerable rivulets from the hills..forming here a plexus and there a ganglion of waters. 1852 C. Fox Let. 30 Nov. in Mem. Old Friends (1882) II. 196 When we come upon a perplexing ganglion of paths, [we have to] wait patiently and take our bearings. a1938 T. Wolfe You can't go Home Again (1940) v. xxxv. 585 The enormous ganglia of unending London rolled past them. 1977 New Yorker 4 July 42/1 Ed hung there for a moment in a ganglion of straps. 2001 M. Blake 24 Karat Schmooze iii. 26 The page covering the local area was a solid maze of streets, the knotted ganglion of the Elephant and Castle at its centre. 6. Mycology. A knot-like swelling on a hypha or mycelium of certain fungi. Now rare. ΚΠ 1848 J. Lindley Gloss. Techn. Terms Bot. p. xlii Ganglia.—The mycelium of certain Fungals. 1889 Jrnl. Mycol. 5 23 When examined microscopically this capillitium is seen to be made up of numerous small knots or ganglia. 1921 Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci., Arts, & Lett. 20 415 Conidiophores arising from more or less intricate superficial mycelial ganglia. 1999 BioScience 49 444/2 It is the dikaryotic mycelium that, under appropriate physiological and biochemical conditions, produces hyphal ganglia. Compounds ganglion-blocking adj. Physiology and Pharmacology (of a drug) preventing the transmission of nerve impulses across a synapse in a ganglion; cf. ganglionic blocking adj. at ganglionic adj. Compounds. ΚΠ 1949 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 29 Oct. 999/2 Nerve impulses may be temporarily interrupted..by administration of autonomic ganglion blocking agents. 1962 J. H. Burn Drugs, Med. & Man vi. 65 In the presence of one of these substances, which are called ganglion-blocking drugs, the acetylcholine when liberated is unable to stimulate the next fibre. 2001 Science 22 June 2227/1 Volunteers..were to be given hexamethonium, a ganglion-blocking drug that affects the nervous system. ganglion cell n. [after German Ganglienzell (1840 or earlier)] Physiology a neuron (nerve cell); spec. (in later use) one with a cell body that is located in the peripheral (rather than central) nervous system. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > [noun] > grey matter > nerve centre > ganglion cell ganglion globule1840 ganglion cell1844 ganglion corpuscle1845 1844 Brit. & Foreign Med. Rev. 18 146 The resemblance between the ganglion-cells of Hannover, and the ‘spinal bodies’ of Stilling, is too striking to be passed over unnoticed. 1877 I. Rosenthal Gen. Physiol. Muscles & Nerves 105 Certain cell-like structures called nerve-cells, or ganglion-cells. 1953 Jrnl. Physiol. 121 638 The failure of transmission might be due to a permanent depolarization of the ganglion cells. 2007 Washington Post 30 Oct. (Home ed.) f5/1 Unlike rods and cones, ganglion cells specifically detect sky-blue light. ganglion corpuscle n. Physiology (now disused) = ganglion cell n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > [noun] > grey matter > nerve centre > ganglion cell ganglion globule1840 ganglion cell1844 ganglion corpuscle1845 1845 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 10 171 Neither does the terminal enlargement of the nerve-fibril resemble a ganglion corpuscle. 1870 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. (ed. 2) I. i. ii. 42 The nervous arc..consists of the afferent nerve..the ganglion-corpuscle to which its central extremity runs, and the efferent nerve thence issuing. 1912 Twentieth Cent. Encycl. 2191/2 The vesicular nervous substance is composed..of vesicles or corpuscles, commonly called nerve or ganglion corpuscles. ganglion globule n. [after German Ganglienkugel (1836 or earlier)] Physiology (now historical and rare) = ganglion cell n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > [noun] > grey matter > nerve centre > ganglion cell ganglion globule1840 ganglion cell1844 ganglion corpuscle1845 1840 Philos. Trans. 130 552 We have evidence..in figures by Valentin of ganglion-globules. 1901 W. B. Carpenter Microscope (ed. 8) 1051 The typical form of the nerve-cells or ‘ganglion-globules’ may be regarded as globular. 1996 E. Clarke & C. D. O'Malley Human Brain & Spinal Cord (ed. 2) 43 The passages from Valentin's paper of 1836 presented below contain an account of the ganglion ‘globules’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1583
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