gallowsn.

Brit.

/ˈɡaləʊz/, U.S.

/ˈɡæloʊz/

Forms: α. singular Old English galga, gealga, (Middle English in combinations galhe-), Middle English gal(e)we, (Middle English in combinations galle-), Middle English–1500s galow(e, 1500s–1600s gallow, 1600s–1800s gall(e)y. β. plural in singular sense, later construed as singular Middle English galwes, (Middle English galewis, galewys, galuus), Middle English galus, (Middle English galhouse, galhows, galohous), Middle English–1500s gallous, galowes, (Middle English galawis, galaways, galewes, galghes, galos, galouys, galowys), 1500s–1600s gallowes, (1500s galoss, gallhouse, gallies, galloes, gallowes, gallus), 1800s gallos, gallus, 1500s– gallows. γ. with additional plural 1500s gal(l)osses, 1600s–1800s gallowses, (1800s gallaces, gallusses).

Etymology: Old English galga, gealga weak masculine = Old Frisian galga, Old Saxon and Old High German galgo (German galgen), Old Norse galge (Danish and Swedish galge), Gothic galga < Old Germanic *galgon-; perhaps cognate with Lithuanian žalga, Armenian dzaλk pole.

1. An apparatus for inflicting the punishment of death by hanging, usually consisting of two uprights and a cross-piece, from which the criminal is suspended by the neck. Sometimes used as equivalent to cross n. See cross n. 1.In Old English the singular galga and the plural galgan are both used for ‘a gallows’, the plural having reference presumably to the two posts of which the apparatus mainly consisted. Occasional examples of the singular form occur in Middle English, and even down to the 17th cent.; but from the 13th cent. onwards the plural galwes and its later phonetic representatives have been the prevailing forms. So far as our material shows, Caxton is the first writer to speak of ‘a gallows’, though he also uses the older expression ‘a pair of gallows’; but it is, of course, possible that the plural form was sometimes treated as a singular much earlier. From the 16th cent. gallows has been (exc. archaic in ‘pair of gallows’) used as a singular, with a new plural gallowses; the latter, though perhaps not strictly obsolete, is now seldom used; the formation is felt to be somewhat uncouth, so that the use of the word in the plural is commonly evaded.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] > gallows

gallowsOE

gallows-treea1000

warytre?a1200

gibbet?c1225

gallow-forka1250

forkc1275

juisec1320

forchesc1380

crossa1382

treec1425

patible1428

justice1484

potencec1500

haltera1533

turning-tree1548

potentc1550

three treesa1566

chates1567

mare1568

furel1587

bough1590

gibe1590

derrickc1600

hangrella1605

cross-tree1638

Gregorian tree1641

wooden horse1642

timber-marec1650

triple tree1651

furca1653

nubbing1673

a horse that was foaled of an acorn1678

nub1699

Tyburn tree1728

raven-stone1738

picture frame1785

crap1789

lamp-iron1790

Moll Blood1818

stifler1818

scragging-post1819

government signposta1828

leafless tree1830

shuggie-shue1836

doom-tree1837

stob1860–62

α.

OE Cynewulf Juliana 482 Sume ic rode bifealh, þæt hi hyre dreorge on hean galgan lif aletan.

OE Beowulf 2446 Swa bið geomorlic gomelum ceorle to gebidanne, þæt his byre ride giong on galgan.

c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 116/19 Patibulum, galga.

1483 Cath. Angl. 149/1 A Galowe, furca.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Esther v. C Let them make a galowe of fiftye cubites hie.

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. Calvin's Pref. Worthy of a thousand fires and gallowes.

1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Fj With gyues, and fetters Ile tame the Vnder a galow dyre.

1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia generalis (1693) 1014 Do you look I should..praise you, who deserved the Gallow so lately?

β. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1161 Thou shal to the galwes renne.c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 172 Galwes do ȝe reise, and hyng þis cheitefe.a1400–50 Alexander 1813 And for þaire souerayne sake þam send to þe galawis.1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. (1482) ccxliv. 305 There was made a newe payre of galewes and a strong cheyne and a coler of yren for hym.1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xlviii. 187 He shold doo make and to be sette vp a galhouse.c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xi. 80 Tua speyris..stude vp fra the eyrd lyik ane gallus.1589 ‘M. Marprelate’ Epitome C iv The theefe on the gallowes was saued without them.a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 318 Who doth he [sc. Time] gallop withal?.. With a theefe to the gallowes.a1627 J. Hayward Life & Raigne Edward Sixt (1630) 64 He took the maior aside and..required of him that a paire of gallowes should be framed and erected.1689 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 318 A gallowes being erected before Temple gate.1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 334 Two ladders are placed against the gallows.1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 173 Why do you trifle away time in making a gallows?—that dyester's pole is good enough for the homicide.1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity VI. xiv. vii. 528 In the older versions the now ignoble words ‘hanging and the gallows’ were used instead of the Crucifixion and the Cross.γ. 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 46 Mandrag..groweth not vnder gallosses.1673 R. Leigh Transproser Rehears'd 108 Make bonfires of the gallowses, set open all the prisons.1775 J. Sullivan in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 72 That all our liberty-poles will soon be converted into gallowses.1801 H. M. Williams Sketches Manners French Republic I. xvii. 209 Previous to this epocha, gallowses had been erected at Naples.

a. The punishment itself.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun]

hanginga1300

hangmentc1440

gallows1483

gibbet1502

Tyburn checka1529

Tyburn stretch1573

caudle of hempseed1588

hempen caudle1588

swinging1591

rope law1592

rope-leap1611

cording1619

turn1631

nubbing1673

cravatting1683

gibbetation1689

topping1699

Tyburn jig1699

noosing1819

scragging1819

Tyburn tie1828

Newgate hornpipe1829

dance upon nothing1841

drop1887

suspension1909

1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton A vij His fader..bought him ageyn fro the galowes and fro dyshonest dethe.

c1522 T. More Treat. Memorare Nouissima in Wks. (1557) I. 82 His galowes & death standeth within .x. mile at y^e farthest, & yours within .lxxx.

?1531 J. Frith Disput. Purgatorye ii. sig. f3 When we saye that such a man hath delivered his frende from the galowes, we meane not that he was all readye hanged.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. ii. 81 What with the sweat, what with the gallowes, and what with pouerty, I am Custom-shrunke.

1730 in Swift's Lett. (1768) IV. 251 Into their secular hands the poor authors must be delivered to..pillories, whippings, and the gallows.

1836 H. Smith Tin Trumpet I. 232 Gallows—A cure without being a prevention of crime.

1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Chaplain of Fleet I. iii. 48 The gallows did not terrify these evil-doers.

b. to have the gallows in one's face: to have the look of one predestined to or deserving the gallows.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [verb (intransitive)] > look worthy of hanging

to have the gallows in one's facea1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. i. 29 This fellow..hath no drowning marke vpon him, his complexion is perfect Gallowes.

1710 S. Palmer Moral Ess. Prov. 114 The gallows is almost as visible in their face as their nose: as is often to be seen in a thoro'pac'd villain.

1768 O. Goldsmith Good Natur'd Man v. 64 Hold him fast, the dog; he has the gallows in his face.

1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful I. viii. 132 ‘There's gallows marked in his face,’ observed another.

c. Proverbs.

ΚΠ

a1400 Sir Beues (A.) 1217 Deliure a þef fro þe galwe, He þe hateþ after be alle halwe!

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope i. x Yf ye kepe a man fro the galhows he shalle neuer loue yow after.

1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie li. 307 Saue a theefe from the gallowes and hee will helpe to hang thee.

1592 R. Greene Disput. Conny-catcher sig. B He that feares the Gallowes shal neuer be good theefe.

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares Pref. Ep. Saue a thief from the gallows, and hee'le be the first to shew the way to Saint Gilesesse.

3. One deserving the gallows; a gallows-bird.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > roguery > rogue > [noun] > worthy of hanging

wickhals?a1400

crack-rope?a1500

stretch-hemp1532

man of death1535

slip-string1546

waghalter1546

hang-rope1570

rope-ripe1570

crack-halter1573

hempstring1573

wag-string1578

stretch-halter1583

gallows1598

halter-sack1598

wag-with1611

roper1615

gallows-climber1668

hang-string1675

gallows-face1725

gallows-bird1785

society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [noun] > rogue, knave, or rascal > worthy of hanging

wickhals?a1400

crack-rope?a1500

widdieneck?a1500

widdiefu?a1513

thevis neka1525

stretch-hemp1532

man of death1535

slip-string1546

waghalter1546

ropeful1567

gallows-clapper1570

hang-rope1570

rope-ripe1570

crack-halter1573

hempstring1573

wag-string1578

stretch-halter1583

gallows1598

halter-sack1598

wag-with1611

crack-hempa1616

roper1615

halter-sick1617

gallows-climber1668

hang-string1675

hempy1718

gallows-face1725

gallows-bird1785

hang-gallows1785

1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 12 He hath been fiue thousand yeere a Boy. Kath. I and a shrowde vnhappie gallowes too.

1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle i. sig. C4 Though he bee a notable gallowes, yet Il'e assure you his maister did turne him away.

1749 B. Martin Eng. Dict. Gallows, a wicked rascal.

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. xi. 160 ‘Now, young gallows.’ This was an invitation for Oliver to enter through a door..which led into a stone cell.

†4. Used to render Latin furcæ.

a. = fork n. 5b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > victory > [noun] > subjugation > yoke under which defeated enemy passed

yokec1540

gallows1565

fork1619

1565–73 T. Cooper Thesaurus Abire sub iugum..to passe or go vnder the gallies.

1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. i. xvi. 73 Passing them naked vnder forkes, or gallowses.

b. Gallows of Caudium = Caudine Forks n. at fork n. 14. Cf. quot. 1600 at gullet n. 4a. Obsolete.

5. Applied to various objects consisting of two or more supports and a cross-piece.

†a. An iron support for a pot over a kitchen fire. Cf. gallow-balk n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > trivet

trivet1416

gallows1512

trippet1563

gallows-tree1590

footman1767

sime1781

1512 Will in Southwell Visit. (1891) 116 I bequeth to the chauntrye priest..oon paire of galoes of yrne.

1576 Inventory in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 378 A paire of iron gallows.

b. Nautical. (See quot. 1867.)

ΚΠ

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at No Man's Land Their [sc. booms'] after-ends are usually sustained by a frame called the gallows.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Gallows, the cross~pieces on the small bitts at the main and fore hatch-ways in flush-decked vessels, for stowing away the booms and spars over the boats.

†c. Printing. ‘A frame used for supporting the tympans of the old wooden presses when turned up’ (Jacobi). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > tympan > frame supporting

gallows1683

1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 328 One Press-man..will Beat so soon as he has laid the Tympan on the Gallows after Pulling.

1808 C. Stower Printer's Gram. 506* Fig. 8 is the gallows, in which the frame A, B, B is screwed to the front of the carriage, between the joints of the tympan.

1833 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal II. 210 The gallows for the tympans is also removed.

d. A gymnastic apparatus.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > [noun] > equipment

plummet?1537

springboard?1780

horse1785

trampoline1798

club1815

gallows1817

Indian club1825

rope1825

horizontal bar1827

trapeze1830

vaulting bar1839

parallel bars1850

wooden horse1854

trapezium1856

giant stride1863

ring1869

vaulting horse1875

mast1880

fly-pole1884

pommel1887

Roman ring1894

mat1903

wall bar1903

pommel horse1908

buck1932

pommel vault1932

landing mat1941

rebounder1980

1817 R. Southey in C. C. Southey Life & Corr. R. Southey (1850) IV. 268 Others were swinging in such attitudes as they liked from a gallows.

1827 T. Arnold Let. in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) I. 72 When..I could no more..hang on a gallows, nor climb a pole.

e. A part of a plough (see quot. 1842).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > part to which draught attached

plough shackle?c1475

plough-ear1510

cock?1523

ear?1523

muzzle1534

cutwith1565

tractory1607

plough-cock1652

plough-head1733

hake1787

bridle1790

drail1811

gallows1840

plough clevis1846

1840 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 1 iii. 219 An old Berkshire plough (with a high gallows in front).

1842 C. W. Johnson Farmer's Encycl. 517/1 Gallows of a plough, a part of the plough-head, so named by farmers, from its resemblance to the common gallows. It consists of three pieces of timber, of which one is placed transversely over the heads of the other two.

f. (See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > hook or frame for hanging meat

cambrelc1450

gambrel1547

butcher's hook1596

flesh-hook1596

cambren1656

shamble-hook1688

stage1715

meathook1771

progger1818

gamble1831

gallows1866

gammon1874

1866 M. A. Barker Station Life N.Z. x. 64 The ‘gallows’, a high wooden frame from which the carcases of the butchered sheep dangle.

1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Gallows, a crown-tree with a prop placed underneath each end of it.

1883 W. H. Cope Gloss. Hampshire Words Gallows, a frame formed by fixing four poles, two and two, in the ground, crossed X wise, and laying another pole across, against which planks or boards are set when sawn out, to dry.

1883 Standard 7 Sept. 5/3 They attacked..the carcases on the ‘meat gallows’.

1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 350 The ‘gallows’ of the colonists, a rough, rude contrivance consisting of two uprights and a crosspiece for elevating slaughtered cattle.

6. ‘Suspenders’ for trousers; braces. Now dialect, Scottish and U.S., in the form gallowses, whence occasionally gallows for a single brace. Frequently in the form gallus in the U.S. So galgen in Swiss German; also Dutch (vulgar).

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for legs > clothing for legs and lower body > [noun] > trousers > suspenders or braces for > brace

gallows1730

brace1798

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for legs > clothing for legs and lower body > [noun] > trousers > suspenders or braces for

suspender1810

gallows1827

trouser brace1847

1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum Gallowses, contrivances made of Cloth, and Hooks and Eyes, worn over the Shoulders by Men to keep their Breeches up.

1813 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) IV. 530 He..used to have books, pen, ink and paper, breeches, gallowses, neck cloth, and rolls and butter, all upon the breakfast table at the same time.

1827 J. Barrington Personal Sketches Own Times II. 50 The ball appeared to have hit the buckle of his gallows (yclept suspenders), by which it had been partially impeded.

1830 R. Warner Lit. Recoll. I. 100 His under-clothes unsupported by those indispensable articles of decent attire denominated gallows.

1837 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker 1st Ser. (ed. 2) xv. 141 Chock full of spring like the wire eend of a bran new pair of trowser gallusses.

1868 E. Waugh Sneck-bant ii. 38 His breeches wur nobbut fastened wi' one gallace.

1884 J. Renton in D. H. Edwards Mod. Sc. Poets 7th Ser. 51 My gallowses baith strang and guid.

1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield Gallaces, braces for the trousers.

1896 S. R. Crockett Cleg Kelly xiv. 104 The tattered trousers with one ‘gallus’ displayed across the blue shirt.

1932 W. Faulkner Light in August xviii. 404 Even if I dont wear no tin star on my galluses.

1932 E. Caldwell Tobacco Road xiv. 166 He stepped into his overalls, put one arm through a gallus.

1942 O. Nash Good Intentions 145 To supply each of my pairs of pants with its own set of galluses.

1957 R. A. Heinlein Door into Summer (1967) iii. 51 Oh, I'm a gallus-snapper when I get started; you should see me wear women's hats at parties.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

a. (In sense 1.)

(a)

† gallows-knowe n. Obsolete (= knoll.)

ΚΠ

1864 A. McKay Hist. Kilmarnock (1880) 342 They were led from the town to suffer punishment at the gallows-knowe.

gallows-maker n.

ΚΠ

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. i. 43 Clow. What is he that builds stronger than eyther the Mason, the Shypwright, or the Carpenter. Other. The gallowes maker, for that out-liues a thousand tenants.

gallows-pin n.

ΚΠ

1827 Mary Hamilton in W. Motherwell Minstrelsy 320 To see the face of his Molly fair Hanging on the gallows pin.

gallows-rope n.

ΚΠ

1839 T. Carlyle Chartism iii. 18 Scramble along..with thy..plebeian gallows-ropes.

1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities i. v. 19 Foreheads knitted into the likeness of the gallows-rope.

(b)

gallows-ward adv.

ΚΠ

a1894 R. L. Stevenson Weir of Hermiston (1896) iii. 49 The man..was hunted gallowsward with jeers.

b. (In sense 2.)

gallows-free adj.

ΚΠ

1682 N. Tate & J. Dryden 2nd Pt. Absalom & Achitophel 14 Let him be Gallows-Free by my consent.

gallows-worthy n. and adj.

ΚΠ

1819 Sporting Mag. 3 214 Many respectable..sinners, deliberately..commit gallows-worthy crimes.

1828 Sporting Mag. 21 226 The master..attended by one of those gallows-worthies.

c. (In sense 2b.)

gallows-mark n.

ΚΠ

?1764 J. Bush Hibernia Curiosa 7 A fellow..with a gallows-mark upon his face.

d. (In sense 5.)

gallows-frame n.

ΚΠ

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 136 Gallows-frame, a frame over a shaft, carrying the pulleys for the hoisting cables.

gallows-timber n.

ΚΠ

1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 28 Gallows Timber, a crown-tree, with a prop placed under each end.

e. (In sense 6.)

gallows-buttons n.

ΚΠ

1836–54 A. Bywater Sheffield Dial. 162 ‘Thah mah breik all the gallos buttons off.’

C2. Special combinations.

† gallow-breed n. Scottish Obsolete = gallows-bird n.

ΚΠ

a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 205 Lyk to ane gallow breid, Ramand and rolpand, beggand koy and ox.

† gallow-fork n. Obsolete = gallows-tree n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] > gallows

gallowsOE

gallows-treea1000

warytre?a1200

gibbet?c1225

gallow-forka1250

forkc1275

juisec1320

forchesc1380

crossa1382

treec1425

patible1428

justice1484

potencec1500

haltera1533

turning-tree1548

potentc1550

three treesa1566

chates1567

mare1568

furel1587

bough1590

gibe1590

derrickc1600

hangrella1605

cross-tree1638

Gregorian tree1641

wooden horse1642

timber-marec1650

triple tree1651

furca1653

nubbing1673

a horse that was foaled of an acorn1678

nub1699

Tyburn tree1728

raven-stone1738

picture frame1785

crap1789

lamp-iron1790

Moll Blood1818

stifler1818

scragging-post1819

government signposta1828

leafless tree1830

shuggie-shue1836

doom-tree1837

stob1860–62

a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 54 Toward te galheforke [?c1225 Cleo. galcforke; c1230 Corpus gealforke]. þe wari treo of helle.

gallow-lea n. a level place on which the gallows was erected.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] > place for

gallow-leac1600

c1600 Hist. & Life James VI (1825) 82 Thair was interchaynge of thir tua preasoners maid with consent of all parties at the gallolie [1804 ed.: gallowlee] betuix Edinburgh and Leyth.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 87 Thou must be bold, Henry; and bear thyself not as if thou wert going to the gallow-lee.

gallows-apple n. slang to make gallows-apples of = to hang.

ΚΠ

1830 E. Bulwer-Lytton Paul Clifford III. vii. 126 They're resolved to make gallows apples of all such Numprels (Nonpareils) as you.

gallows-bitts n. = 5b.

ΚΠ

1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) Gallows-bits, on flush-decks..a strong frame of oak about eight inches square, made in the form of a gallows, and fixed at the fore and main hatchway, to support the spare top-masts, yards, booms, boats, &c.

gallows-brood n. a number of young gallows-birds: see gallows-bird n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > roguery > rogue > [noun] > worthy of hanging > plural

gallows-brood1831

society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [noun] > rogue, knave, or rascal > worthy of hanging > group

gallows-brood1831

1831 W. Scott Jrnl. 9 Jan. (1946) 135 A little gallow [s] brood they were and their fate will catch them.

gallows-climber n. one doomed to climb the ladder at the gallows, i.e. to be hanged.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > roguery > rogue > [noun] > worthy of hanging

wickhals?a1400

crack-rope?a1500

stretch-hemp1532

man of death1535

slip-string1546

waghalter1546

hang-rope1570

rope-ripe1570

crack-halter1573

hempstring1573

wag-string1578

stretch-halter1583

gallows1598

halter-sack1598

wag-with1611

roper1615

gallows-climber1668

hang-string1675

gallows-face1725

gallows-bird1785

society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [noun] > rogue, knave, or rascal > worthy of hanging

wickhals?a1400

crack-rope?a1500

widdieneck?a1500

widdiefu?a1513

thevis neka1525

stretch-hemp1532

man of death1535

slip-string1546

waghalter1546

ropeful1567

gallows-clapper1570

hang-rope1570

rope-ripe1570

crack-halter1573

hempstring1573

wag-string1578

stretch-halter1583

gallows1598

halter-sack1598

wag-with1611

crack-hempa1616

roper1615

halter-sick1617

gallows-climber1668

hang-string1675

hempy1718

gallows-face1725

gallows-bird1785

hang-gallows1785

1668 W. Davenant Man's the Master iii. i Pattern of rogues! thou gallows climber!

gallows-face n. one who bears the mark of the gallows in his face (cf. 2b).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > roguery > rogue > [noun] > worthy of hanging

wickhals?a1400

crack-rope?a1500

stretch-hemp1532

man of death1535

slip-string1546

waghalter1546

hang-rope1570

rope-ripe1570

crack-halter1573

hempstring1573

wag-string1578

stretch-halter1583

gallows1598

halter-sack1598

wag-with1611

roper1615

gallows-climber1668

hang-string1675

gallows-face1725

gallows-bird1785

society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [noun] > rogue, knave, or rascal > worthy of hanging

wickhals?a1400

crack-rope?a1500

widdieneck?a1500

widdiefu?a1513

thevis neka1525

stretch-hemp1532

man of death1535

slip-string1546

waghalter1546

ropeful1567

gallows-clapper1570

hang-rope1570

rope-ripe1570

crack-halter1573

hempstring1573

wag-string1578

stretch-halter1583

gallows1598

halter-sack1598

wag-with1611

crack-hempa1616

roper1615

halter-sick1617

gallows-climber1668

hang-string1675

hempy1718

gallows-face1725

gallows-bird1785

hang-gallows1785

1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd iv. i. 61 I crave your Pardon! Gallows-face.

gallows-faced adj.

ΚΠ

1769 H. Brooke Fool of Quality IV. xvii. 67 Art thou there, thou rogue, thou hang~dog, thou gallows-faced vagabond?

gallows-foot n. the space immediately in front of the gallows.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] > gallows > space in front of

gallows-foot1818

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iv, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 109 And had just cruppin to the gallows' foot to see the hanging.

gallows-gate n. dialect (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. Gallows-gate, a light gate, consisting only of a hinged style, top-rail and one strut.

gallows-humour n. grim, ironical humour; ‘sick’ humour; cf. Galgenhumor n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > causing laughter > [noun] > humour > specific grim

gallows-humour1901

black humour1916

Galgenhumor1948

1901 W. D. Howells in N. Amer. Rev. Nov. 710 The honors are not quite so easy in the matter of gallows-humor.

1935 Archit. Rev. 77 31/1 These may not be altogether unintentional touches of what the Germans call ‘gallows-humour’.

1958 Times 17 July 4/3 The explosive vitality, full-blooded sentiment, and gallows humour that pervade the play.

gallows-locks n. hair that hangs like gallows ropes.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > hair > types of hair > [noun] > straight

gallows-locks1809

rat's tail1899

1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. vi. ii. 85 His hair hung in straight gallows locks, about his ears.

gallows-ripe adj. ready to be hanged.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [adjective] > hanged > liable or ready to be hanged

hangable1595

gallows-ripe1837

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. v. iii. 299 Jourdan himself remains unhanged; gets loose again as one not yet gallows-ripe.

gallows-rounded adj. (of hair) cut round like that of a condemned criminal.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [adjective] > cut short

shornc1050

polleda1325

ydoddeda1400

rounded?a1439

nottedc1440

gallows-rounded1567

stubbed1627

well-cropped1805

well-shaven1842

bobbed1918

Eton-cropped1925

crew-cropped1938

crew cut1940

urchin cut1951

1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Fvij What though one..Should Cato counterfeate..in His gallowes rounded hayre.

gallows-sockets n. Printing (see quot.).

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > tympan > frame supporting > sockets of

gallows-sockets1841

1841 W. Savage Dict. Art of Printing 249 Gallows Sockets. Two pieces of wood with square mortises in them, to receive the ends of the gallows; they are nailed or screwed upon the plank behind the tympans.

gallows-stanchions n. = 5b.

† gallows-strings n. Obsolete a term of reproach (cf. hang-string n. at hang- comb. form ).

ΚΠ

1675 C. Cotton Burlesque upon Burlesque 86 I, hang him, little Gallow-strings, He does a thousand of these things.

gallows-tool n. (see quot. and cf. sense 5).

ΚΠ

1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 110 Gallows Tool, a tool in which a pinion is placed by clockmakers when the leaves on bottoms are to be filed.

gallows-top n. = 5b.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

gallowsadj.

Brit.

/ˈɡaləʊz/,

/ˈɡaləs/, U.S.

/ˈɡæloʊz/

Etymology: Developed from the attributive use of gallows n. In the first quot. perhaps intended as a derivative ( < gallow + -ous).

1. Fit for the gallows; deserving to be hanged; villainous, wicked. Now only dialect in weaker sense, esp. of children: Impish, wild, mischievous. gallows air = hangdog air: see hang-dog adj.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > roguery > [adjective] > and worthy of hanging

gallowsc1425

rope-ripe1552

hangworthya1586

hempy1801

society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [adjective] > worthy of hanging

gallowsc1425

widdiefu?a1513

rope-ripe1552

widdiefu1568

hangworthya1586

slip-string1629

society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [adjective] > playfully or mischievously roguish

pickled1683

pickle1774

hempy1801

impish1834

natkhat1843

puckish1874

gallows1882

gamine1903

c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 37 This gallowus man toke hym by the skyrtis of his palle or mantyl.

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia i. sig. Eiii No gallous, wretche, I am not angry.

c1708 ? E. Ward Welsh-monster 33 For ev'ry Line did in it bear Such a rebellious Gallows Air, That [etc.].

1786 R. Burns Poems 32 An' plunder'd o' her hindmost groat, By gallows knaves.

1819 W. Irving Rip Van Winkle in Sketch Bk. i. 66 Wolf..sneaked about with a gallows air.

1882 J. H. Nodal & G. Milnar Gloss. Lancashire Dial. Gallows, cunning, designing full of duplicity.

1884 Upton Gloss. (at cited word) ‘'Taint as the lad's wicked, nor yet spiteful, but 'e's desp'rut gallus.’

1892 G. Hake Mem. 80 Years 44 They [King's Ward boys at Christ's Hospital circa 1820] were always considered a very gallous [sic] set, which in the school vocabulary signified ‘daring’.

2. dialect and slang. [Probably < gallows adv. Compare bloody adj. 8] As an intensive: Very great, excellent, ‘fine’, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective]

faireOE

bremea1000

goodlyOE

goodfulc1275

noblec1300

pricec1300

specialc1325

gentlec1330

fine?c1335

singulara1340

thrivena1350

thriven and throa1350

gaya1375

properc1380

before-passinga1382

daintiful1393

principala1398

gradelya1400

burlyc1400

daintyc1400

thrivingc1400

voundec1400

virtuousc1425

hathelc1440

curiousc1475

singlerc1500

beautiful1502

rare?a1534

gallant1539

eximious1547

jolly1548

egregious?c1550

jellyc1560

goodlike1562

brawc1565

of worth1576

brave?1577

surprising1580

finger-licking1584

admirablea1586

excellinga1586

ambrosial1598

sublimated1603

excellent1604

valiant1604

fabulous1609

pure1609

starryc1610

topgallant1613

lovely1614

soaringa1616

twanging1616

preclarent1623

primea1637

prestantious1638

splendid1644

sterling1647

licking1648

spankinga1666

rattling1690

tearing1693

famous1695

capital1713

yrare1737

pure and —1742

daisy1757

immense1762

elegant1764

super-extra1774

trimming1778

grand1781

gallows1789

budgeree1793

crack1793

dandy1794

first rate1799

smick-smack1802

severe1805

neat1806

swell1810

stamming1814

divine1818

great1818

slap-up1823

slapping1825

high-grade1826

supernacular1828

heavenly1831

jam-up1832

slick1833

rip-roaring1834

boss1836

lummy1838

flash1840

slap1840

tall1840

high-graded1841

awful1843

way up1843

exalting1844

hot1845

ripsnorting1846

clipping1848

stupendous1848

stunning1849

raving1850

shrewd1851

jammy1853

slashing1854

rip-staving1856

ripping1858

screaming1859

up to dick1863

nifty1865

premier cru1866

slap-bang1866

clinking1868

marvellous1868

rorty1868

terrific1871

spiffing1872

all wool and a yard wide1882

gorgeous1883

nailing1883

stellar1883

gaudy1884

fizzing1885

réussi1885

ding-dong1887

jim-dandy1888

extra-special1889

yum-yum1890

out of sight1891

outasight1893

smooth1893

corking1895

large1895

super1895

hot dog1896

to die for1898

yummy1899

deevy1900

peachy1900

hi1901

v.g.1901

v.h.c.1901

divvy1903

doozy1903

game ball1905

goodo1905

bosker1906

crackerjack1910

smashinga1911

jake1914

keen1914

posh1914

bobby-dazzling1915

juicy1916

pie on1916

jakeloo1919

snodger1919

whizz-bang1920

wicked1920

four-star1921

wow1921

Rolls-Royce1922

whizz-bang1922

wizard1922

barry1923

nummy1923

ripe1923

shrieking1926

crazy1927

righteous1930

marvy1932

cool1933

plenty1933

brahmaa1935

smoking1934

solid1935

mellow1936

groovy1937

tough1937

bottler1938

fantastic1938

readyc1938

ridge1938

super-duper1938

extraordinaire1940

rumpty1940

sharp1940

dodger1941

grouse1941

perfecto1941

pipperoo1945

real gone1946

bosting1947

supersonic1947

whizzo1948

neato1951

peachy-keen1951

ridgey-dite1953

ridgy-didge1953

top1953

whizzing1953

badass1955

wild1955

belting1956

magic1956

bitching1957

swinging1958

ridiculous1959

a treat1959

fab1961

bad-assed1962

uptight1962

diggish1963

cracker1964

marv1964

radical1964

bakgat1965

unreal1965

pearly1966

together1968

safe1970

bad1971

brilliant1971

fabby1971

schmick1972

butt-kicking1973

ripper1973

Tiffany1973

bodacious1976

rad1976

kif1978

awesome1979

death1979

killer1979

fly1980

shiok1980

stonking1980

brill1981

dope1981

to die1982

mint1982

epic1983

kicking1983

fabbo1984

mega1985

ill1986

posho1989

pukka1991

lovely jubbly1992

awesomesauce2001

nang2002

bess2006

amazeballs2009

boasty2009

daebak2009

beaut2013

1789 G. Parker Life's Painter xiv. 132 While some their patter flash'd In gallows fun and joking.

1830 E. Bulwer-Lytton Paul Clifford iii. x. 232 If so be as ow little Paul vas a vith you, it vould be a gallows comfort to you.

1888 B. Lowsley Gloss. Berks. Words & Phrases s.v. A gallus lot on 'um (a large number of them).

Compounds

gallows-looking adj. looking fit for the gallows, having a hang-dog look.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > ugliness > [adjective] > having a hangdog look

gallows-looking1781

1781 J. Greenwood in Maryland Hist. Mag. (1910) 5 126 He was a tall, slim, gallows looking fellow,..with a gold laced jacket on that he had robbed from some old trooper.

1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. vi. i. 78 Their gallows-looking..myrmidons.

1842 R. H. Barham Misadventures Margate in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 155 A little ‘gallows-looking chap’.

Derivatives

ˈgallowsness n. dialect mischief, perversity.

ΚΠ

1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. vi. 134 I never knew your equals for gallowsness.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	gallows
释义	gallowsn. Brit. /ˈɡaləʊz/, U.S. /ˈɡæloʊz/ Forms: α. singular Old English galga, gealga, (Middle English in combinations galhe-), Middle English gal(e)we, (Middle English in combinations galle-), Middle English–1500s galow(e, 1500s–1600s gallow, 1600s–1800s gall(e)y. β. plural in singular sense, later construed as singular Middle English galwes, (Middle English galewis, galewys, galuus), Middle English galus, (Middle English galhouse, galhows, galohous), Middle English–1500s gallous, galowes, (Middle English galawis, galaways, galewes, galghes, galos, galouys, galowys), 1500s–1600s gallowes, (1500s galoss, gallhouse, gallies, galloes, gallowes, gallus), 1800s gallos, gallus, 1500s– gallows. γ. with additional plural 1500s gal(l)osses, 1600s–1800s gallowses, (1800s gallaces, gallusses). Etymology: Old English galga, gealga weak masculine = Old Frisian galga, Old Saxon and Old High German galgo (German galgen), Old Norse galge (Danish and Swedish galge), Gothic galga < Old Germanic galgon-; perhaps cognate with Lithuanian žalga, Armenian dzaλk pole. 1. An apparatus for inflicting the punishment of death by hanging, usually consisting of two uprights and a cross-piece, from which the criminal is suspended by the neck. Sometimes used as equivalent to cross n. See cross n. 1.In Old English the singular galga* and the plural galgan are both used for ‘a gallows’, the plural having reference presumably to the two posts of which the apparatus mainly consisted. Occasional examples of the singular form occur in Middle English, and even down to the 17th cent.; but from the 13th cent. onwards the plural galwes and its later phonetic representatives have been the prevailing forms. So far as our material shows, Caxton is the first writer to speak of ‘a gallows’, though he also uses the older expression ‘a pair of gallows’; but it is, of course, possible that the plural form was sometimes treated as a singular much earlier. From the 16th cent. gallows has been (exc. archaic in ‘pair of gallows’) used as a singular, with a new plural gallowses; the latter, though perhaps not strictly obsolete, is now seldom used; the formation is felt to be somewhat uncouth, so that the use of the word in the plural is commonly evaded. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] > gallows gallowsOE gallows-treea1000 warytre?a1200 gibbet?c1225 gallow-forka1250 forkc1275 juisec1320 forchesc1380 crossa1382 treec1425 patible1428 justice1484 potencec1500 haltera1533 turning-tree1548 potentc1550 three treesa1566 chates1567 mare1568 furel1587 bough1590 gibe1590 derrickc1600 hangrella1605 cross-tree1638 Gregorian tree1641 wooden horse1642 timber-marec1650 triple tree1651 furca1653 nubbing1673 a horse that was foaled of an acorn1678 nub1699 Tyburn tree1728 raven-stone1738 picture frame1785 crap1789 lamp-iron1790 Moll Blood1818 stifler1818 scragging-post1819 government signposta1828 leafless tree1830 shuggie-shue1836 doom-tree1837 stob1860–62 α. OE Cynewulf Juliana 482 Sume ic rode bifealh, þæt hi hyre dreorge on hean galgan lif aletan. OE Beowulf 2446 Swa bið geomorlic gomelum ceorle to gebidanne, þæt his byre ride giong on galgan. c1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 116/19 Patibulum, galga. 1483 Cath. Angl. 149/1 A Galowe, furca. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Esther v. C Let them make a galowe of fiftye cubites hie. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. Calvin's Pref. Worthy of a thousand fires and gallowes. 1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Fj With gyues, and fetters Ile tame the Vnder a galow dyre. 1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia generalis (1693) 1014 Do you look I should..praise you, who deserved the Gallow so lately? β. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1161 Thou shal to the galwes renne.c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 172 Galwes do ȝe reise, and hyng þis cheitefe.a1400–50 Alexander 1813 And for þaire souerayne sake þam send to þe galawis.1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. (1482) ccxliv. 305 There was made a newe payre of galewes and a strong cheyne and a coler of yren for hym.1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xlviii. 187 He shold doo make and to be sette vp a galhouse.c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) xi. 80 Tua speyris..stude vp fra the eyrd lyik ane gallus.1589 ‘M. Marprelate’ Epitome C iv The theefe on the gallowes was saued without them.a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 318 Who doth he [sc. Time] gallop withal?.. With a theefe to the gallowes.a1627 J. Hayward Life & Raigne Edward Sixt (1630) 64 He took the maior aside and..required of him that a paire of gallowes should be framed and erected.1689 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 318 A gallowes being erected before Temple gate.1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 334 Two ladders are placed against the gallows.1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian vi, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 173 Why do you trifle away time in making a gallows?—that dyester's pole is good enough for the homicide.1855 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity VI. xiv. vii. 528 In the older versions the now ignoble words ‘hanging and the gallows’ were used instead of the Crucifixion and the Cross.γ. 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 46 Mandrag..groweth not vnder gallosses.1673 R. Leigh Transproser Rehears'd 108 Make bonfires of the gallowses, set open all the prisons.1775 J. Sullivan in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) I. 72 That all our liberty-poles will soon be converted into gallowses.1801 H. M. Williams Sketches Manners French Republic I. xvii. 209 Previous to this epocha, gallowses had been erected at Naples. 2. a. The punishment itself. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] hanginga1300 hangmentc1440 gallows1483 gibbet1502 Tyburn checka1529 Tyburn stretch1573 caudle of hempseed1588 hempen caudle1588 swinging1591 rope law1592 rope-leap1611 cording1619 turn1631 nubbing1673 cravatting1683 gibbetation1689 topping1699 Tyburn jig1699 noosing1819 scragging1819 Tyburn tie1828 Newgate hornpipe1829 dance upon nothing1841 drop1887 suspension1909 1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton A vij His fader..bought him ageyn fro the galowes and fro dyshonest dethe. c1522 T. More Treat. Memorare Nouissima in Wks. (1557) I. 82 His galowes & death standeth within .x. mile at y^e farthest, & yours within .lxxx. ?1531 J. Frith Disput. Purgatorye ii. sig. f3 When we saye that such a man hath delivered his frende from the galowes, we meane not that he was all readye hanged. a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) i. ii. 81 What with the sweat, what with the gallowes, and what with pouerty, I am Custom-shrunke. View more context for this quotation 1730 in Swift's Lett. (1768) IV. 251 Into their secular hands the poor authors must be delivered to..pillories, whippings, and the gallows. 1836 H. Smith Tin Trumpet I. 232 Gallows—A cure without being a prevention of crime. 1881 W. Besant & J. Rice Chaplain of Fleet I. iii. 48 The gallows did not terrify these evil-doers. b. to have the gallows in one's face: to have the look of one predestined to or deserving the gallows. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [verb (intransitive)] > look worthy of hanging to have the gallows in one's facea1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) i. i. 29 This fellow..hath no drowning marke vpon him, his complexion is perfect Gallowes. View more context for this quotation 1710 S. Palmer Moral Ess. Prov. 114 The gallows is almost as visible in their face as their nose: as is often to be seen in a thoro'pac'd villain. 1768 O. Goldsmith Good Natur'd Man v. 64 Hold him fast, the dog; he has the gallows in his face. 1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful I. viii. 132 ‘There's gallows marked in his face,’ observed another. c. Proverbs. ΚΠ a1400 Sir Beues (A.) 1217 Deliure a þef fro þe galwe, He þe hateþ after be alle halwe! 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope i. x Yf ye kepe a man fro the galhows he shalle neuer loue yow after. 1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie li. 307 Saue a theefe from the gallowes and hee will helpe to hang thee. 1592 R. Greene Disput. Conny-catcher sig. B He that feares the Gallowes shal neuer be good theefe. 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares Pref. Ep. Saue a thief from the gallows, and hee'le be the first to shew the way to Saint Gilesesse. 3. One deserving the gallows; a gallows-bird. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > roguery > rogue > [noun] > worthy of hanging wickhals?a1400 crack-rope?a1500 stretch-hemp1532 man of death1535 slip-string1546 waghalter1546 hang-rope1570 rope-ripe1570 crack-halter1573 hempstring1573 wag-string1578 stretch-halter1583 gallows1598 halter-sack1598 wag-with1611 roper1615 gallows-climber1668 hang-string1675 gallows-face1725 gallows-bird1785 society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [noun] > rogue, knave, or rascal > worthy of hanging wickhals?a1400 crack-rope?a1500 widdieneck?a1500 widdiefu?a1513 thevis neka1525 stretch-hemp1532 man of death1535 slip-string1546 waghalter1546 ropeful1567 gallows-clapper1570 hang-rope1570 rope-ripe1570 crack-halter1573 hempstring1573 wag-string1578 stretch-halter1583 gallows1598 halter-sack1598 wag-with1611 crack-hempa1616 roper1615 halter-sick1617 gallows-climber1668 hang-string1675 hempy1718 gallows-face1725 gallows-bird1785 hang-gallows1785 1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 12 He hath been fiue thousand yeere a Boy. Kath. I and a shrowde vnhappie gallowes too. View more context for this quotation 1613 F. Beaumont Knight of Burning Pestle i. sig. C4 Though he bee a notable gallowes, yet Il'e assure you his maister did turne him away. 1749 B. Martin Eng. Dict. Gallows, a wicked rascal. 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. xi. 160 ‘Now, young gallows.’ This was an invitation for Oliver to enter through a door..which led into a stone cell. †4. Used to render Latin furcæ. a. = fork n. 5b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > victory > [noun] > subjugation > yoke under which defeated enemy passed yokec1540 gallows1565 fork1619 1565–73 T. Cooper Thesaurus Abire sub iugum..to passe or go vnder the gallies. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. i. xvi. 73 Passing them naked vnder forkes, or gallowses. b. Gallows of Caudium = Caudine Forks n. at fork n. 14. Cf. quot. 1600 at gullet n. 4a. Obsolete. 5. Applied to various objects consisting of two or more supports and a cross-piece. †a. An iron support for a pot over a kitchen fire. Cf. gallow-balk n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > cooking vessel or pot > [noun] > trivet trivet1416 gallows1512 trippet1563 gallows-tree1590 footman1767 sime1781 1512 Will in Southwell Visit. (1891) 116 I bequeth to the chauntrye priest..oon paire of galoes of yrne. 1576 Inventory in J. T. Fowler Acts Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1875) 378 A paire of iron gallows. b. Nautical. (See quot. 1867.) ΚΠ 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine at No Man's Land Their [sc. booms'] after-ends are usually sustained by a frame called the gallows. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Gallows, the cross~pieces on the small bitts at the main and fore hatch-ways in flush-decked vessels, for stowing away the booms and spars over the boats. †c. Printing. ‘A frame used for supporting the tympans of the old wooden presses when turned up’ (Jacobi). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > tympan > frame supporting gallows1683 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 328 One Press-man..will Beat so soon as he has laid the Tympan on the Gallows after Pulling. 1808 C. Stower Printer's Gram. 506* Fig. 8 is the gallows, in which the frame A, B, B is screwed to the front of the carriage, between the joints of the tympan. 1833 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal II. 210 The gallows for the tympans is also removed. d. A gymnastic apparatus. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > gymnastics > [noun] > equipment plummet?1537 springboard?1780 horse1785 trampoline1798 club1815 gallows1817 Indian club1825 rope1825 horizontal bar1827 trapeze1830 vaulting bar1839 parallel bars1850 wooden horse1854 trapezium1856 giant stride1863 ring1869 vaulting horse1875 mast1880 fly-pole1884 pommel1887 Roman ring1894 mat1903 wall bar1903 pommel horse1908 buck1932 pommel vault1932 landing mat1941 rebounder1980 1817 R. Southey in C. C. Southey Life & Corr. R. Southey (1850) IV. 268 Others were swinging in such attitudes as they liked from a gallows. 1827 T. Arnold Let. in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) I. 72 When..I could no more..hang on a gallows, nor climb a pole. e. A part of a plough (see quot. 1842). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > tools and implements > ploughing equipment > [noun] > plough > part to which draught attached plough shackle?c1475 plough-ear1510 cock?1523 ear?1523 muzzle1534 cutwith1565 tractory1607 plough-cock1652 plough-head1733 hake1787 bridle1790 drail1811 gallows1840 plough clevis1846 1840 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 1 iii. 219 An old Berkshire plough (with a high gallows in front). 1842 C. W. Johnson Farmer's Encycl. 517/1 Gallows of a plough, a part of the plough-head, so named by farmers, from its resemblance to the common gallows. It consists of three pieces of timber, of which one is placed transversely over the heads of the other two. f. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] > hook or frame for hanging meat cambrelc1450 gambrel1547 butcher's hook1596 flesh-hook1596 cambren1656 shamble-hook1688 stage1715 meathook1771 progger1818 gamble1831 gallows1866 gammon1874 1866 M. A. Barker Station Life N.Z. x. 64 The ‘gallows’, a high wooden frame from which the carcases of the butchered sheep dangle. 1883 W. S. Gresley Gloss. Terms Coal Mining Gallows, a crown-tree with a prop placed underneath each end of it. 1883 W. H. Cope Gloss. Hampshire Words Gallows, a frame formed by fixing four poles, two and two, in the ground, crossed X wise, and laying another pole across, against which planks or boards are set when sawn out, to dry. 1883 Standard 7 Sept. 5/3 They attacked..the carcases on the ‘meat gallows’. 1890 ‘R. Boldrewood’ Colonial Reformer (1891) 350 The ‘gallows’ of the colonists, a rough, rude contrivance consisting of two uprights and a crosspiece for elevating slaughtered cattle. 6. ‘Suspenders’ for trousers; braces. Now dialect, Scottish and U.S., in the form gallowses, whence occasionally gallows for a single brace. Frequently in the form gallus in the U.S. So galgen in Swiss German; also Dutch (vulgar). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for legs > clothing for legs and lower body > [noun] > trousers > suspenders or braces for > brace gallows1730 brace1798 the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for legs > clothing for legs and lower body > [noun] > trousers > suspenders or braces for suspender1810 gallows1827 trouser brace1847 1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum Gallowses, contrivances made of Cloth, and Hooks and Eyes, worn over the Shoulders by Men to keep their Breeches up. 1813 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) IV. 530 He..used to have books, pen, ink and paper, breeches, gallowses, neck cloth, and rolls and butter, all upon the breakfast table at the same time. 1827 J. Barrington Personal Sketches Own Times II. 50 The ball appeared to have hit the buckle of his gallows (yclept suspenders), by which it had been partially impeded. 1830 R. Warner Lit. Recoll. I. 100 His under-clothes unsupported by those indispensable articles of decent attire denominated gallows. 1837 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker 1st Ser. (ed. 2) xv. 141 Chock full of spring like the wire eend of a bran new pair of trowser gallusses. 1868 E. Waugh Sneck-bant ii. 38 His breeches wur nobbut fastened wi' one gallace. 1884 J. Renton in D. H. Edwards Mod. Sc. Poets 7th Ser. 51 My gallowses baith strang and guid. 1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield Gallaces, braces for the trousers. 1896 S. R. Crockett Cleg Kelly xiv. 104 The tattered trousers with one ‘gallus’ displayed across the blue shirt. 1932 W. Faulkner Light in August xviii. 404 Even if I dont wear no tin star on my galluses. 1932 E. Caldwell Tobacco Road xiv. 166 He stepped into his overalls, put one arm through a gallus. 1942 O. Nash Good Intentions 145 To supply each of my pairs of pants with its own set of galluses. 1957 R. A. Heinlein Door into Summer (1967) iii. 51 Oh, I'm a gallus-snapper when I get started; you should see me wear women's hats at parties. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. (In sense 1.) (a) † gallows-knowe n. Obsolete (= knoll.) ΚΠ 1864 A. McKay Hist. Kilmarnock (1880) 342 They were led from the town to suffer punishment at the gallows-knowe. gallows-maker n. ΚΠ 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet v. i. 43 Clow. What is he that builds stronger than eyther the Mason, the Shypwright, or the Carpenter. Other. The gallowes maker, for that out-liues a thousand tenants. gallows-pin n. ΚΠ 1827 Mary Hamilton in W. Motherwell Minstrelsy 320 To see the face of his Molly fair Hanging on the gallows pin. gallows-rope n. ΚΠ 1839 T. Carlyle Chartism iii. 18 Scramble along..with thy..plebeian gallows-ropes. 1859 C. Dickens Tale of Two Cities i. v. 19 Foreheads knitted into the likeness of the gallows-rope. (b) gallows-ward adv. ΚΠ a1894 R. L. Stevenson Weir of Hermiston (1896) iii. 49 The man..was hunted gallowsward with jeers. b. (In sense 2.) gallows-free adj. ΚΠ 1682 N. Tate & J. Dryden 2nd Pt. Absalom & Achitophel 14 Let him be Gallows-Free by my consent. gallows-worthy n. and adj. ΚΠ 1819 Sporting Mag. 3 214 Many respectable..sinners, deliberately..commit gallows-worthy crimes. 1828 Sporting Mag. 21 226 The master..attended by one of those gallows-worthies. c. (In sense 2b.) gallows-mark n. ΚΠ ?1764 J. Bush Hibernia Curiosa 7 A fellow..with a gallows-mark upon his face. d. (In sense 5.) gallows-frame n. ΚΠ 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 136 Gallows-frame, a frame over a shaft, carrying the pulleys for the hoisting cables. gallows-timber n. ΚΠ 1849 G. C. Greenwell Gloss. Terms Coal Trade Northumberland & Durham 28 Gallows Timber, a crown-tree, with a prop placed under each end. e. (In sense 6.) gallows-buttons n. ΚΠ 1836–54 A. Bywater Sheffield Dial. 162 ‘Thah mah breik all the gallos buttons off.’ C2. Special combinations. † gallow-breed n. Scottish Obsolete = gallows-bird n. ΚΠ a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 205 Lyk to ane gallow breid, Ramand and rolpand, beggand koy and ox. † gallow-fork n. Obsolete = gallows-tree n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] > gallows gallowsOE gallows-treea1000 warytre?a1200 gibbet?c1225 gallow-forka1250 forkc1275 juisec1320 forchesc1380 crossa1382 treec1425 patible1428 justice1484 potencec1500 haltera1533 turning-tree1548 potentc1550 three treesa1566 chates1567 mare1568 furel1587 bough1590 gibe1590 derrickc1600 hangrella1605 cross-tree1638 Gregorian tree1641 wooden horse1642 timber-marec1650 triple tree1651 furca1653 nubbing1673 a horse that was foaled of an acorn1678 nub1699 Tyburn tree1728 raven-stone1738 picture frame1785 crap1789 lamp-iron1790 Moll Blood1818 stifler1818 scragging-post1819 government signposta1828 leafless tree1830 shuggie-shue1836 doom-tree1837 stob1860–62 a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Titus) (1963) 54 Toward te galheforke [?c1225 Cleo. galcforke; c1230 Corpus gealforke]. þe wari treo of helle. gallow-lea n. a level place on which the gallows was erected. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] > place for gallow-leac1600 c1600 Hist. & Life James VI (1825) 82 Thair was interchaynge of thir tua preasoners maid with consent of all parties at the gallolie [1804 ed.: gallowlee] betuix Edinburgh and Leyth. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 87 Thou must be bold, Henry; and bear thyself not as if thou wert going to the gallow-lee. gallows-apple n. slang to make gallows-apples of = to hang. ΚΠ 1830 E. Bulwer-Lytton Paul Clifford III. vii. 126 They're resolved to make gallows apples of all such Numprels (Nonpareils) as you. gallows-bitts n. = 5b. ΚΠ 1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) Gallows-bits, on flush-decks..a strong frame of oak about eight inches square, made in the form of a gallows, and fixed at the fore and main hatchway, to support the spare top-masts, yards, booms, boats, &c. gallows-brood n. a number of young gallows-birds: see gallows-bird n. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > roguery > rogue > [noun] > worthy of hanging > plural gallows-brood1831 society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [noun] > rogue, knave, or rascal > worthy of hanging > group gallows-brood1831 1831 W. Scott Jrnl. 9 Jan. (1946) 135 A little gallow [s] brood they were and their fate will catch them. gallows-climber n. one doomed to climb the ladder at the gallows, i.e. to be hanged. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > roguery > rogue > [noun] > worthy of hanging wickhals?a1400 crack-rope?a1500 stretch-hemp1532 man of death1535 slip-string1546 waghalter1546 hang-rope1570 rope-ripe1570 crack-halter1573 hempstring1573 wag-string1578 stretch-halter1583 gallows1598 halter-sack1598 wag-with1611 roper1615 gallows-climber1668 hang-string1675 gallows-face1725 gallows-bird1785 society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [noun] > rogue, knave, or rascal > worthy of hanging wickhals?a1400 crack-rope?a1500 widdieneck?a1500 widdiefu?a1513 thevis neka1525 stretch-hemp1532 man of death1535 slip-string1546 waghalter1546 ropeful1567 gallows-clapper1570 hang-rope1570 rope-ripe1570 crack-halter1573 hempstring1573 wag-string1578 stretch-halter1583 gallows1598 halter-sack1598 wag-with1611 crack-hempa1616 roper1615 halter-sick1617 gallows-climber1668 hang-string1675 hempy1718 gallows-face1725 gallows-bird1785 hang-gallows1785 1668 W. Davenant Man's the Master iii. i Pattern of rogues! thou gallows climber! gallows-face n. one who bears the mark of the gallows in his face (cf. 2b). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > roguery > rogue > [noun] > worthy of hanging wickhals?a1400 crack-rope?a1500 stretch-hemp1532 man of death1535 slip-string1546 waghalter1546 hang-rope1570 rope-ripe1570 crack-halter1573 hempstring1573 wag-string1578 stretch-halter1583 gallows1598 halter-sack1598 wag-with1611 roper1615 gallows-climber1668 hang-string1675 gallows-face1725 gallows-bird1785 society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [noun] > rogue, knave, or rascal > worthy of hanging wickhals?a1400 crack-rope?a1500 widdieneck?a1500 widdiefu?a1513 thevis neka1525 stretch-hemp1532 man of death1535 slip-string1546 waghalter1546 ropeful1567 gallows-clapper1570 hang-rope1570 rope-ripe1570 crack-halter1573 hempstring1573 wag-string1578 stretch-halter1583 gallows1598 halter-sack1598 wag-with1611 crack-hempa1616 roper1615 halter-sick1617 gallows-climber1668 hang-string1675 hempy1718 gallows-face1725 gallows-bird1785 hang-gallows1785 1725 A. Ramsay Gentle Shepherd iv. i. 61 I crave your Pardon! Gallows-face. gallows-faced adj. ΚΠ 1769 H. Brooke Fool of Quality IV. xvii. 67 Art thou there, thou rogue, thou hang~dog, thou gallows-faced vagabond? gallows-foot n. the space immediately in front of the gallows. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [noun] > gallows > space in front of gallows-foot1818 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iv, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 109 And had just cruppin to the gallows' foot to see the hanging. gallows-gate n. dialect (see quot.). ΚΠ 1893 G. E. Dartnell & E. H. Goddard Gloss. Words Wilts. Gallows-gate, a light gate, consisting only of a hinged style, top-rail and one strut. gallows-humour n. grim, ironical humour; ‘sick’ humour; cf. Galgenhumor n. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > laughter > causing laughter > [noun] > humour > specific grim gallows-humour1901 black humour1916 Galgenhumor1948 1901 W. D. Howells in N. Amer. Rev. Nov. 710 The honors are not quite so easy in the matter of gallows-humor. 1935 Archit. Rev. 77 31/1 These may not be altogether unintentional touches of what the Germans call ‘gallows-humour’. 1958 Times 17 July 4/3 The explosive vitality, full-blooded sentiment, and gallows humour that pervade the play. gallows-locks n. hair that hangs like gallows ropes. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > hair > types of hair > [noun] > straight gallows-locks1809 rat's tail1899 1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. vi. ii. 85 His hair hung in straight gallows locks, about his ears. gallows-ripe adj. ready to be hanged. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > capital punishment > hanging > [adjective] > hanged > liable or ready to be hanged hangable1595 gallows-ripe1837 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. v. iii. 299 Jourdan himself remains unhanged; gets loose again as one not yet gallows-ripe. gallows-rounded adj. (of hair) cut round like that of a condemned criminal. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > styles of hair > [adjective] > cut short shornc1050 polleda1325 ydoddeda1400 rounded?a1439 nottedc1440 gallows-rounded1567 stubbed1627 well-cropped1805 well-shaven1842 bobbed1918 Eton-cropped1925 crew-cropped1938 crew cut1940 urchin cut1951 1567 T. Drant tr. Horace Pistles in tr. Horace Arte of Poetrie sig. Fvij What though one..Should Cato counterfeate..in His gallowes rounded hayre. gallows-sockets n. Printing (see quot.). ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > printing machine or press > parts of printers or presses > [noun] > tympan > frame supporting > sockets of gallows-sockets1841 1841 W. Savage Dict. Art of Printing 249 Gallows Sockets. Two pieces of wood with square mortises in them, to receive the ends of the gallows; they are nailed or screwed upon the plank behind the tympans. gallows-stanchions n. = 5b. † gallows-strings n. Obsolete a term of reproach (cf. hang-string n. at hang- comb. form ). ΚΠ 1675 C. Cotton Burlesque upon Burlesque 86 I, hang him, little Gallow-strings, He does a thousand of these things. gallows-tool n. (see quot. and cf. sense 5). ΚΠ 1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 110 Gallows Tool, a tool in which a pinion is placed by clockmakers when the leaves on bottoms are to be filed. gallows-top n. = 5b. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). gallowsadj. Brit. /ˈɡaləʊz/, /ˈɡaləs/, U.S. /ˈɡæloʊz/ Etymology: Developed from the attributive use of gallows n. In the first quot. perhaps intended as a derivative ( < gallow + -ous). 1. Fit for the gallows; deserving to be hanged; villainous, wicked. Now only dialect in weaker sense, esp. of children: Impish, wild, mischievous. gallows air = hangdog air: see hang-dog adj. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > roguery > [adjective] > and worthy of hanging gallowsc1425 rope-ripe1552 hangworthya1586 hempy1801 society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [adjective] > worthy of hanging gallowsc1425 widdiefu?a1513 rope-ripe1552 widdiefu1568 hangworthya1586 slip-string1629 society > morality > moral evil > wickedness > roguery, knavery, or rascalry > [adjective] > playfully or mischievously roguish pickled1683 pickle1774 hempy1801 impish1834 natkhat1843 puckish1874 gallows1882 gamine1903 c1425 Bk. Found. St. Bartholomew's (1923) 37 This gallowus man toke hym by the skyrtis of his palle or mantyl. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia i. sig. Eiii No gallous, wretche, I am not angry. c1708 ? E. Ward Welsh-monster 33 For ev'ry Line did in it bear Such a rebellious Gallows Air, That [etc.]. 1786 R. Burns Poems 32 An' plunder'd o' her hindmost groat, By gallows knaves. 1819 W. Irving Rip Van Winkle in Sketch Bk. i. 66 Wolf..sneaked about with a gallows air. 1882 J. H. Nodal & G. Milnar Gloss. Lancashire Dial. Gallows, cunning, designing full of duplicity. 1884 Upton Gloss. (at cited word) ‘'Taint as the lad's wicked, nor yet spiteful, but 'e's desp'rut gallus.’ 1892 G. Hake Mem. 80 Years 44 They [King's Ward boys at Christ's Hospital circa 1820] were always considered a very gallous [sic] set, which in the school vocabulary signified ‘daring’. 2. dialect and slang. [Probably < gallows adv. Compare bloody adj. 8] As an intensive: Very great, excellent, ‘fine’, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > excellence > [adjective] faireOE bremea1000 goodlyOE goodfulc1275 noblec1300 pricec1300 specialc1325 gentlec1330 fine?c1335 singulara1340 thrivena1350 thriven and throa1350 gaya1375 properc1380 before-passinga1382 daintiful1393 principala1398 gradelya1400 burlyc1400 daintyc1400 thrivingc1400 voundec1400 virtuousc1425 hathelc1440 curiousc1475 singlerc1500 beautiful1502 rare?a1534 gallant1539 eximious1547 jolly1548 egregious?c1550 jellyc1560 goodlike1562 brawc1565 of worth1576 brave?1577 surprising1580 finger-licking1584 admirablea1586 excellinga1586 ambrosial1598 sublimated1603 excellent1604 valiant1604 fabulous1609 pure1609 starryc1610 topgallant1613 lovely1614 soaringa1616 twanging1616 preclarent1623 primea1637 prestantious1638 splendid1644 sterling1647 licking1648 spankinga1666 rattling1690 tearing1693 famous1695 capital1713 yrare1737 pure and —1742 daisy1757 immense1762 elegant1764 super-extra1774 trimming1778 grand1781 gallows1789 budgeree1793 crack1793 dandy1794 first rate1799 smick-smack1802 severe1805 neat1806 swell1810 stamming1814 divine1818 great1818 slap-up1823 slapping1825 high-grade1826 supernacular1828 heavenly1831 jam-up1832 slick1833 rip-roaring1834 boss1836 lummy1838 flash1840 slap1840 tall1840 high-graded1841 awful1843 way up1843 exalting1844 hot1845 ripsnorting1846 clipping1848 stupendous1848 stunning1849 raving1850 shrewd1851 jammy1853 slashing1854 rip-staving1856 ripping1858 screaming1859 up to dick1863 nifty1865 premier cru1866 slap-bang1866 clinking1868 marvellous1868 rorty1868 terrific1871 spiffing1872 all wool and a yard wide1882 gorgeous1883 nailing1883 stellar1883 gaudy1884 fizzing1885 réussi1885 ding-dong1887 jim-dandy1888 extra-special1889 yum-yum1890 out of sight1891 outasight1893 smooth1893 corking1895 large1895 super1895 hot dog1896 to die for1898 yummy1899 deevy1900 peachy1900 hi1901 v.g.1901 v.h.c.1901 divvy1903 doozy1903 game ball1905 goodo1905 bosker1906 crackerjack1910 smashinga1911 jake1914 keen1914 posh1914 bobby-dazzling1915 juicy1916 pie on1916 jakeloo1919 snodger1919 whizz-bang1920 wicked1920 four-star1921 wow1921 Rolls-Royce1922 whizz-bang1922 wizard1922 barry1923 nummy1923 ripe1923 shrieking1926 crazy1927 righteous1930 marvy1932 cool1933 plenty1933 brahmaa1935 smoking1934 solid1935 mellow1936 groovy1937 tough1937 bottler1938 fantastic1938 readyc1938 ridge1938 super-duper1938 extraordinaire1940 rumpty1940 sharp1940 dodger1941 grouse1941 perfecto1941 pipperoo1945 real gone1946 bosting1947 supersonic1947 whizzo1948 neato1951 peachy-keen1951 ridgey-dite1953 ridgy-didge1953 top1953 whizzing1953 badass1955 wild1955 belting1956 magic1956 bitching1957 swinging1958 ridiculous1959 a treat1959 fab1961 bad-assed1962 uptight1962 diggish1963 cracker1964 marv1964 radical1964 bakgat1965 unreal1965 pearly1966 together1968 safe1970 bad1971 brilliant1971 fabby1971 schmick1972 butt-kicking1973 ripper1973 Tiffany1973 bodacious1976 rad1976 kif1978 awesome1979 death1979 killer1979 fly1980 shiok1980 stonking1980 brill1981 dope1981 to die1982 mint1982 epic1983 kicking1983 fabbo1984 mega1985 ill1986 posho1989 pukka1991 lovely jubbly1992 awesomesauce2001 nang2002 bess2006 amazeballs2009 boasty2009 daebak2009 beaut2013 1789 G. Parker Life's Painter xiv. 132 While some their patter flash'd In gallows fun and joking. 1830 E. Bulwer-Lytton Paul Clifford iii. x. 232 If so be as ow little Paul vas a vith you, it vould be a gallows comfort to you. 1888 B. Lowsley Gloss. Berks. Words & Phrases s.v. A gallus lot on 'um (a large number of them). Compounds gallows-looking adj. looking fit for the gallows, having a hang-dog look. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > ugliness > [adjective] > having a hangdog look gallows-looking1781 1781 J. Greenwood in Maryland Hist. Mag. (1910) 5 126 He was a tall, slim, gallows looking fellow,..with a gold laced jacket on that he had robbed from some old trooper. 1809 W. Irving Hist. N.Y. II. vi. i. 78 Their gallows-looking..myrmidons. 1842 R. H. Barham Misadventures Margate in Ingoldsby Legends 2nd Ser. 155 A little ‘gallows-looking chap’. Derivatives ˈgallowsness n. dialect mischief, perversity. ΚΠ 1859 ‘G. Eliot’ Adam Bede I. i. vi. 134 I never knew your equals for gallowsness. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). gallowsadv. Brit. /ˈɡaləʊz/, /ˈɡaləs/, U.S. /ˈɡæloʊz/ Etymology: < gallows n. dialect and slang. With intensive force: Extremely, very, ‘jolly’. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly swithlyc888 micklelyeOE swith971 hardOE un-i-fohOE sevenfoldlOE unmeet?c1225 innerlyc1330 horribly1340 too1340 sore1474 horriblec1475 vehemently1483 outrageous1487 done?a1513 exquisite1529 strangely1532 exceeding1535 exceedingly1535 angardlyc1540 angerlyc1540 choicec1540 vengeable1542 vengeably?1550 extremelya1554 monstrous1569 thrice1579 amain1587 extremea1591 damnably1598 fellc1600 tyrannically1602 exquisitely1603 damnedly1607 preciously1607 damnablea1616 impensively1620 excellingly1621 main1632 fearful1634 vengeancelya1640 upsy1650 impensely1657 twadding1657 vastly1664 hideous1667 mainly1670 consumed1707 consumedly1707 outrageously1749 damned1757 nation1771 shockingly1777 deuced1779 darn1789 darned1807 felly1807 varsal1814 awful1816 awfy1816 frightfully1816 deucedly1819 dogged1819 awfully1820 gallowsa1823 shocking1831 tremendously1832 everlasting1833 terribly1833 fearfully1835 ripping1838 poison1840 thundering1853 frighteninglyc1854 raring1854 hell's own1863 goldarned1866 goddamned1870 doggone1871 acutely1872 whooping1874 stupidly1878 everlastingly1879 hideously1882 densely1883 storming1883 good and1885 thunderingly1885 crazy1887 tremendous1887 madly1888 goldarn1892 howling1895 murderously1916 rasted1919 goddam1921 bitchingly1923 Christly1923 bitching1929 falling-down1930 lousy1932 appallingly1937 stratospherically1941 Christ almighty1945 effing1945 focking1956 dagnab1961 drop-dead1980 hella1987 totes2006 a1823 Song in Byron's Juan xi. xix. (note) Then your Blowing will wax gallows haughty, When she hears of your scaly mistake. a1845 T. Hood Forlorn Shepherd's Compl. ix I've been so gallows honest in this Place. 1862 H. Kingsley Ravenshoe II. xv. 163 The pleece come in, and got gallus well kicked about the head. 1892 H. M. Batson Dark II. v. 100 ‘A gallus bad wench her be!’ This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OEadj.c1425adv.a1823
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gallowsn.

Compounds

gallowsadj.

Compounds

Derivatives

gallowsadv.