gallowglassn.

Brit.

/ˈɡalə(ʊ)ɡlɑːs/,

/ˈɡalə(ʊ)ɡlas/, U.S.

/ˈɡæloʊˌɡlæs/, Irish English

/ˈɡæloʊɡlaːs/

Forms: α. 1500s galloglas(se, galoglas, galloweglass, gallyglasse, 1600s galli(n)glass(e, ( gallowgross), 1800s gallaglass, 1500s–1600s, 1800s galloglass, gallowglass. β. 1500s galloglogh, 1600s gallegalagh, 1600s, 1800s galloglagh, 1700s–1800s galloglach.

Origin: A borrowing from Irish. Etymon: Irish gall-óglách.

Etymology: < Irish and Gaelic gall-óglách, < gall foreigner, stranger + óglách youth, servant, warrior. The etymologically expected form galloglagh appears later than galloglass, which probably arose from the plural gallogla(gh)s; in some early instances galloglas seems to be used as a plural, but galloglasses is found already in our earliest quot. The statement, made on etymological grounds by Spenser ( State of Irel. 640/1, Globe ed.), that the ‘galloglasses’ were originally English mercenaries, seems doubtful; gall is used of foreigners or strangers generally, and, although mainly applied to the English in Spenser's day, may not have been so restricted at the time when the compound was formed.

Obsolete exc. Historical.

1. One of a particular class of soldiers or retainers formerly maintained by Irish chiefs.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > armed retainer > [noun] > Irish

gallowglassc1515

α.

c1515 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) II. 5 500 sperys 500 galloglasseis, and 1000 kerne.

1520 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) II. 46 18 baners of galoglas.

c1538 R. Cowley in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. II. 96 Which bere all the burdon of the chargis of holding horse~men, galloglas and kerne.

1540 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) III. 169 The saide Cahir shall pay yerely..the tributes and summes of mony, with refeccions and sustencions of all the galloglasses, as was accustumed to be payed by his auncetours.

1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande viii. f. 28/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I The fourth degre is a galloglasse, vsing a kind of pollax for his weapon.

c1600 J. Dymmok Treat. Ireland (1842) 7 The Galloglass are pycked and scelected men of great and mightie bodies, crewell without compassion.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. ii. 147 Souldiours set in the rere gard, whom they terme Galloglasses, who fight with most keene hatchets.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles i. viii. 15 Loud shouts each hardy galla-glass.

1875 J. R. Lowell Spenser in Prose Wks. (1890) IV. 296 In October the wild kerns and gallowglasses rose in no mood for sparing the house of Pindarus.

β. 1534 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) II. 185 10 scor spearys, callid gallogloghis.1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. ii. 172 Fennyngher O-Conghir slew Cale-Rothe and with him of Galloglahes and others about three hundred.1848–51 J. O'Donovan tr. Ann. Four Masters (1856) I. 119 (note) The bands of kernes and galloglaghs or gallowglasses, supported by the Irish chieftains of the later ages.

2. In the Highlands: = henchman n. 3.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > armed retainer > [noun] > Scottish

gallowglass1703

1703 M. Martin Descr. W. Islands Scotl. 104 Every Chieftain had a bold Armour-Bearer, whose business was always to attend the Person of his Master night and day to prevent any surprize, and this man was called Galloglach.

Compounds

† gallowglass-axe n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1580 J. Hooker Life Sir P. Carew in Archaeologia 28 139 Everye man toke a galloweglasse axe of theires who were slayne.

1596 in G. J. Piccope Lancs. & Cheshire Wills (1861) III. 4 A gally glasse axe.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	gallowglass
释义	gallowglassn. Brit. /ˈɡalə(ʊ)ɡlɑːs/, /ˈɡalə(ʊ)ɡlas/, U.S. /ˈɡæloʊˌɡlæs/, Irish English /ˈɡæloʊɡlaːs/ Forms: α. 1500s galloglas(se, galoglas, galloweglass, gallyglasse, 1600s galli(n)glass(e, ( gallowgross), 1800s gallaglass, 1500s–1600s, 1800s galloglass, gallowglass. β. 1500s galloglogh, 1600s gallegalagh, 1600s, 1800s galloglagh, 1700s–1800s galloglach. Origin: A borrowing from Irish. Etymon: Irish gall-óglách. Etymology: < Irish and Gaelic gall-óglách, < gall foreigner, stranger + óglách youth, servant, warrior. The etymologically expected form galloglagh appears later than galloglass, which probably arose from the plural gallogla(gh)s; in some early instances galloglas seems to be used as a plural, but galloglasses is found already in our earliest quot. The statement, made on etymological grounds by Spenser ( State of Irel. 640/1, Globe ed.), that the ‘galloglasses’ were originally English mercenaries, seems doubtful; gall is used of foreigners or strangers generally, and, although mainly applied to the English in Spenser's day, may not have been so restricted at the time when the compound was formed. Obsolete exc. Historical. 1. One of a particular class of soldiers or retainers formerly maintained by Irish chiefs. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > armed retainer > [noun] > Irish gallowglassc1515 α. c1515 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) II. 5 500 sperys 500 galloglasseis, and 1000 kerne. 1520 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) II. 46 18 baners of galoglas. c1538 R. Cowley in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1827) 2nd Ser. II. 96 Which bere all the burdon of the chargis of holding horse~men, galloglas and kerne. 1540 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) III. 169 The saide Cahir shall pay yerely..the tributes and summes of mony, with refeccions and sustencions of all the galloglasses, as was accustumed to be payed by his auncetours. 1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande viii. f. 28/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I The fourth degre is a galloglasse, vsing a kind of pollax for his weapon. c1600 J. Dymmok Treat. Ireland (1842) 7 The Galloglass are pycked and scelected men of great and mightie bodies, crewell without compassion. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. ii. 147 Souldiours set in the rere gard, whom they terme Galloglasses, who fight with most keene hatchets. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles i. viii. 15 Loud shouts each hardy galla-glass. 1875 J. R. Lowell Spenser in Prose Wks. (1890) IV. 296 In October the wild kerns and gallowglasses rose in no mood for sparing the house of Pindarus. β. 1534 in State Papers Henry VIII (1834) II. 185 10 scor spearys, callid gallogloghis.1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. ii. 172 Fennyngher O-Conghir slew Cale-Rothe and with him of Galloglahes and others about three hundred.1848–51 J. O'Donovan tr. Ann. Four Masters (1856) I. 119 (note) The bands of kernes and galloglaghs or gallowglasses, supported by the Irish chieftains of the later ages. 2. In the Highlands: = henchman n. 3. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > armed retainer > [noun] > Scottish gallowglass1703 1703 M. Martin Descr. W. Islands Scotl. 104 Every Chieftain had a bold Armour-Bearer, whose business was always to attend the Person of his Master night and day to prevent any surprize, and this man was called Galloglach. Compounds † gallowglass-axe n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1580 J. Hooker Life Sir P. Carew in Archaeologia 28 139 Everye man toke a galloweglasse axe of theires who were slayne. 1596 in G. J. Piccope Lancs. & Cheshire Wills (1861) III. 4 A gally glasse axe. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1515
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