galen.¹

Brit.

/ɡeɪl/, U.S.

/ɡeɪl/

Forms: Old English–Middle English gagel, gaȝel, Middle English gayl, Middle English–1600s gaul(e, (Middle English gawl, gawyl, gayle, 1500s golle), 1500s–1800s gall(e, Middle English– gale.

Etymology: Old English gagel, gagol strong ? masculine (also gagelle, -olle weak feminine) = Middle Dutch gaghel, Dutch and modern German gagel, and perhaps Old Norse *gagl in gaglviðr, which may denote this plant ( < *gagl gale + við-r wood), though this is very doubtful. The phonology of the modern form is somewhat obscure.

The bog-myrtle, Myrica Gale (the modern Latin specific name is adopted from English); also called sweet gale.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > myrica and allies > [noun]

galec1000

Dutch myrtle1597

sweet willow1597

gow1598

sweet-gale1640

candle-tree1692

candleberry tree1731

tallow shrub1770

myrica1791

wax-tree1791

wax-plant1801

wax-myrtle1813

Comptonia1823

tallow-bush1835

wax-berry1835

sweet fern1849

bog myrtle1866

meadow fern1876

flea-wood1892

c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 6 Nim þre leaf gageles.

a1300 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 559/22 Mirtus, i. gaȝel.

a1400 J. Mirfield Sinonoma Bartholomei (1882) 22 Gayl, mirta.

a1400–50 Alexander 4094 Full of gladen & of gale & of grete redis.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 189/1 Gawl..mirtus.

1483 Cath. Angl. 147/2 Gayle..mirtus.

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 33 The fenny part of Axholm berith much Galle, a low frutex swete in burning.

1568 W. Turner Herbal iii. 47 Called..in Cambridge shyre Gall, in Summerset shyre Goul or Golle.

1751 J. Bartram Observ. Trav. from Pensilvania 36 On the banks I found the gale like the European.

1807 G. Crabbe Birth Flattery in Poems 204 Gale from the Bog shall yield Arabian Balm.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Edwin Morris 110 I..heard with beating heart The Sweet-Gale rustle round the shelving keel.

1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Gale, the fragrant bog-myrtle, often called ‘sweet-gale’.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations, as gale-bush, gale-plant, gale-sheaves.

ΚΠ

1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1228 This Gaule groweth plentifully..in the Ile of Elie, and in the Fennie countries thereabouts, whereof there is such store..that they make fagots of it and sheaues, which they cal Gaule sheaues, to burne and heate their ouens.

1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 258 The hazel, the dwarf willow, the gall plant.

1887 W. Rye Month on Norfolk Broads 50 The myrtle-like leaved sweet gale bushes.

C2.

gale-beer n. a drink made from twigs of sweet-gale.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > ale or beer > non-malted brews > [noun] > others

kvassa1556

locus ale1693

honey beer1731

maple beer1788

heath-ale1801

treacle beer1806

root beer1815

treacle alea1833

gale-beer1863

nettle beer1864

shimiyana1870

birch beer1883

parsnip beer1897

skokiaan1926

1863 Notes & Queries 3rd Ser. 4 311 ‘Gale beer’, brewed from a plant growing on the moor above Ampleforth, in Yorkshire, is made and sold by Mrs. Sigsworth of the ‘Black Horse’.

1893 K. Simpson Jeanie o' Biggersdale 111 She baked, she washed, she brewed gale-beer.

gale-worts n. a book name for plants of the family Myricaceæ (Lindley Veg. Kingdom 1846, p. 256).

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† galen.²

Forms: Also Middle English gal.

Etymology: Two words are perhaps represented here: (1) Middle English gal ( < galen , Old English galan to sing) = Middle High German gal ; (2) Old French gale gaiety = Italian gala : see gala n.¹

Obsolete.

a. Singing, a song; merriment, mirth.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > merriment > [noun]

dreamOE

man-dreamOE

gleea1200

galec1200

bauderyc1386

oliprancec1390

cheera1393

gaynessc1400

disportc1405

joyousitiea1450

festivitya1500

lakea1500

gaiety1573

merriment1574

jucundity1575

galliardise?1577

jouissance1579

merrymake1579

jolliment1590

mirth1591

jollyhead1596

spleen1598

jocantry16..

geniality1609

jovialty1621

jocundry1637

gaietry1650

sport1671

fun1726

galliardism1745

gig1777

merrymaking1779

hilarity1834

rollick1852

society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > a song > [noun]

songeOE

leothOE

galec1200

rounc1225

laya1240

gammec1425

muse1528

cantion1579

madrigal1589

canzon1590

canzone1590

canton1594

canto1603

cantilene1635

cantilena1740

Lied1852

art song1875

canzonetta1947

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 197 Þat hie ne muge heren here remenge ne here gal.

c1275 Luue Ron 126 in Old Eng. Misc. 97 Þar-inne is vich balewes bote, blisse, and Ioye, and gleo, and Gal.

13.. K. Alis. 2548 The nyghtyngale In wode, makith miry gale.

c1315 Shoreham 107 Þorȝ his oȝene gale.

a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 32 He is faucoun in friht, dernest in dale, ant wiþ eueruch a gome gladest in gale.

b. said of the voice of an animal.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [noun] > sound made by

questc1400

gale1460

cry1535

mouth1590

tongue1787

1460 Lybeaus Disc. (1890) 1059 Hornes herde þey blowe And houndes grete of gale.

2. Speech, talk.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > [noun]

speechc725

spellc888

tonguec897

spellingc1000

wordOE

mathelingOE

redec1275

sermonc1275

leeda1300

gale13..

speakc1300

speaking1303

ledenc1320

talea1325

parliamentc1325

winda1330

sermoningc1330

saying1340

melinga1375

talkingc1386

wordc1390

prolationa1393

carpinga1400

eloquencec1400

utteringc1400

language?c1450

reporturec1475

parleyc1490

locutionc1500

talk1539

discourse1545

report1548

tonguec1550

deliverance1553

oration1555

delivery1577

parling1582

parle1584

conveying1586

passage1598

perlocution1599

wording1604

bursta1616

ventilation1615

loquency1623

voicinga1626

verbocination1653

loquence1677

pronunciation1686

loquel1694

jawinga1731

talkee-talkee?1740

vocification1743

talkation1781

voicing1822

utterancy1827

voicing1831

the spoken word1832

outness1851

verbalization1851

voice1855

outgiving1865

stringing1886

praxis1950

13.. K. Alis. 2047 Listenith now, and letith gale, For now ariseth a noble tale.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1889 So grym a was in gale.

a1400 Coer de L. 3546 On knees we tolde hym our tale, But us ne gaynyd no gale.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

galen.³

Brit.

/ɡeɪl/, U.S.

/ɡeɪl/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s gaile, gayle, (? 1600s gall).

Etymology: Of obscure origin. Possibly elliptical for gale (or gall ) wind (see quot. 1628¹ for gale-wind n. at Compounds 2) where gale may have been originally an adjective. Some scholars suppose that the word is in some way connected with Danish gal, Norwegian galen (neuter galet), mad, furious, bad (often said of weather), Old Norse galenn, mad, frantic (? lit. enchanted, bewitched), past participle of gala, to sing. The spelling and rhymes in the earliest quot., however, seem to disprove this.

a. A wind of considerable strength; in nautical language, the word chiefly ‘implies what on shore is called a storm’ (Adm Smyth), esp. with modifying word, as hard gale, stiff gale (less violent), fresh gale (still less so) (see also strong gale n. at strong adj. Compounds 3); in popular literary use, ‘a wind not tempestuous, but stronger than a breeze’ (Johnson). Also gale of wind. In restricted use, applied to a wind having a velocity within certain limits (see quots.). equinoctial gale (see equinoctial adj. 2b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > strong or violent wind

birra1325

racka1400

galea1547

Euroclydon1561

huff-gale1582

whiskera1598

gale-wind1628

sniffler1768

snifter1768

storm wind1839

buster1848

snorter1855

snorer1871

blusterer1877

ripsnorter1889

smeller1898

hurricane wind1921

a1547 Earl of Surrey Proem. to 73rd Psalm I ..constrayned am to beare my sayles ful loo, And never could attayne some pleasaunt gaile [rhymes saile, assaile, availe, faile].

1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos v. 900 Frend Palynure, lo how the tydes them selues conueies the fleete, This gale by measure blowes.

1600 R. Hakluyt tr. G. B. Ramusio in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 424 At noone we had a fresh gale in the poupe.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) i. ii. 47 What happie gale Blowes you to Padua heere, from old Verona.

1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 17 A calme, a brese, a fresh gaile, a pleasant gayle, a stiffe gayle.

1698 tr. F. Froger Relation Voy. Coasts Afr. 38 We set sail again..with a favourable Gale of Wind.

1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Ceyx & Alcyone in Fables 365 At the close of Day, a stiffer Gale at East arose.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. v. 90 The Ladies gave me a Gale with their Fans.

1772 J. Robertson Elements Navigation (ed. 3) vi. vi. 354 (note) A common brisk gale is about 15 miles an hour.

1774 M. Mackenzie Treat. Maritim Surv. 99 Hard Gales of Wind in any Place, especially if it blows in the Direction of the Flood, swells the Tide to an uncommon Height.

1801 J. Capper Observ. Winds & Monsoons Pref. p. xxiii The tempest..is..the same as a hurricane, or whirlwind: I shall therefore use these words synonimously, and place them in the first order, or degree of violent winds. The storm, or what the English seamen call a hard gale, is likewise, I believe, nearly the same; I shall, therefore, make use of the former for the land, and the latter for the sea term, and reckon these in the second class.

1808 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 19 470 We had some smart gales of wind.

1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. ii. 280 High gales are generally from the west.

1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany 137 There was little promise of the gale abating.

1884 D. Pae Eustace 195 The wind still blew a stiff gale.

1899 Westm. Gaz. 24 Jan. 4/3 A gale is not a gale until it has reached Force 7 on the Beaufort scale, though many people lightly class all heavy winds as gales.

1923 W. N. Shaw Forecasting Weather (ed. 2) 456 As a result of the investigation of 1905 we now classify winds with velocity above 75 miles per hour as hurricane winds, those with velocity between 64 and 75 miles per hour as storm winds, and those between 39 and 63 as gales.

1963 Meteorol. Gloss. (Meteorol. Office) (ed. 4) 109 Gale, a wind of a speed between 34 and 40 knots (force 8 on the Beaufort scale of wind force, where it was originally described as ‘fresh gale’), at a free exposure 10 metres (33 feet) above ground.

1963 Meteorol. Gloss. (Meteorol. Office) (ed. 4) 109 Statistics of gales refer to the attainment of mean speeds of 34 knots or over.

b. poetic and in rhetorical language often used for: A gentle breeze.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > gentle wind

auraa1398

breathc1400

air1535

gentle gale1567

zephyr1567

pirriea1614

breeze1626

gentle breeze1635

pirra1722

gale1728

zephyret1777

spill1899

1728 J. Thomson Spring 45 Can The stormy Passions in his Bosom rowl, While every Gale is Peace, and every Grove Is Melody?

1742 W. Collins Persian Eclogues i. 6 Wanton Gales, along the Valleys play.

1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. v. 187 The fresh gale came scented with the breath of flowers.

a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) I. 201 The breath of vernal gales.

1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiv. 282 The warm west~wind, in gales of foison alighting.

c. regarded as the vehicle of odours.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > [noun] > conveyor of odours

windc1330

gale1711

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 56. ¶3 He felt a Gale of Perfumes breathing upon him.

1749 S. Johnson Vanity Human Wishes 6 The tainted Gales.

1797 Monthly Mag. 3 92 A new project of nutrition, by inhaling the gales of baker's, cheesemonger's, and cook's shops.

1807 J. Barlow Columbiad i. 27 And gales etherial breathe a glad perfume.

c1820 S. Rogers Italy ii. (1828) 11 An underwood of myrtle, that by fits Sent up a gale of fragrance.

d. transferred and figurative. †with a full gale: ? without any interruption.

ΚΠ

1623 P. Massinger Duke of Millaine i. iii. 110 One gale of your sweet breath will easily Disperse these Clouds.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 39 It is far more ingenious to believe it to be a gale of Animal Spirits, that, moving from her head along her back to her tail..is the cause of her [sc. the snail's] progressive motion.

1669 Let. 7 Oct. in A. Marvell Wks. (1875) II. 276 Unles we could finde..some unexpected gaile of opportunity that would be sure waft us quite over.

1675 E. Phillips Theatrum Poetarum (new ed.) 162 That which is chiefly pleasant in these Poems [Herrick's], is now and then a pretty Floury and Pastoral gale of Fancy.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. ii. 100 The Scots..brought all their mischievous Devices to pass, with ease, and a prosperous Gale in all they went about.

1731 H. St. John Let. to Swift 29 Mar. in J. Swift Lett. Dr. Swift (1741) 134 Passions..are the Gales of life: Let us not complain that they do not blow a storm.

1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 146 On the fifth Night, he slept with a full Gale till Morning, without any waking at all.

1806 H. K. White Let. 25 June in Remains (1807) I. 227 Contending gales of doubt and apprehension.

1827 R. Pollok Course of Time I. iii. 113 Her sails..nicely set, to catch the gale Of praise.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Vision of Sin in Poems (new ed.) II. 214 The music..Rose again from where it seem'd to fail, Storm'd in orbs of song, a growing gale.

2. figurative. A state of excitement or hilarity. U.S.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > excitement > [noun] > a state of excitement

heydayc1590

furor1704

feveret1712

kippage1808

raptus1845

take-on1893

gale1894

excitedness1934

up1966

the mind > emotion > pleasure > merriment > [noun] > quality or condition of being merry > a state of merriment

gale1894

1838 Southern Literary Messenger 4 65/2 On the way Wint was in ‘a great gale’; his spirits high, his hopes buoyant, his gaiety of heart overflowing.

1855 ‘W. Brooke’ Eastford ix. 95 The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast going into what, in New England, is sometimes called a gale.

1885 W. D. Howells Rise Silas Lapham x. 189 When she gets into one of her gales there ain't any standing up against her.

1894 Cassell's Mag. Apr. 362/2 Going off into a gale of merriment at the recollection.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

gale force adj. and n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > strong

strongeOE

stiffc1290

sternc1374

wrothc1400

vehement1483

strainable1497

freshc1515

stout1533

bloysterous?1570

ruffing1577

boisterous?1594

lofty1600

chafing1762

blustery1774

smacking1820

snoring1822

spanking1849

gale force1902

1902 Daily Chron. 4 Mar. 5/2 Southerly winds were blowing in all parts of the British Isles yesterday, reaching gale force on the west coast of Ireland.

1967 C. B. Christesen in Coast to Coast 1965–6 32 The impact of gale-force winds was such that at first we thought the ship had struck a rock.

gale-warning n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction > warning bulletin

gale-warning1918

advisory1926

1918 Meteorol. Gloss. (Meteorol. Office) (new ed.) 128 Gale-warning. Notice of threatening atmospherical disturbances on or near the coasts of the British Islands are issued by telegraph from the Meteorological Office to a number of ports and fishery-stations.

1940 C. Day Lewis tr. Virgil Georgics i. 26 Another gale-warning often is given by shooting stars.

1969 C. R. Burgess Suppl. Meteorol. for Seamen 2 These forecasts include Gale warnings, General weather synopsis and expected changes within the next 24 hours.

gale-bent adj.

ΚΠ

1883 Harper's Mag. Jan. 209/2 The dwarf oaks grow scraggy and gale-bent atop.

gale-lashed adj.

ΚΠ

1896 Westm. Gaz. 19 June 3/1 Ushant and its neighbouring isles..rising from amidst the gale-lashed waves.

C2.

† gale-wind n. Obsolete a stormy wind, gale. In quot. 1628¹ gale, gall may conceivably represent Scottish gell ‘intense, keen, brisk’ (Jamieson).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > strong or violent wind

birra1325

racka1400

galea1547

Euroclydon1561

huff-gale1582

whiskera1598

gale-wind1628

sniffler1768

snifter1768

storm wind1839

buster1848

snorter1855

snorer1871

blusterer1877

ripsnorter1889

smeller1898

hurricane wind1921

1628 Z. Boyd Last Battell Soule 544 This world is like a working sea, wherein sinne like a gall winde or strong tyde carrieth many tribulations..from Countrie to Countrie.

1628 Z. Boyd Last Battell Soule 1256 Our life like smoke or chaffe is carried away as with a gale winde.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

galen.⁴

Brit.

/ɡeɪl/, U.S.

/ɡeɪl/

Etymology: ? contracted < gavel n.¹

a. A periodical payment of rent, the amount paid periodically. hanging-gale n. the rent due at the previous gale-day; arrears of rent.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > hire or rent > rent (land or real property) > [noun]

gavela1121

rentc1300

rental1441

gavelagec1450

rentage1633

mail duty1638

galea1687

wayleave1729

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > hire or rent > rent (land or real property) > [noun] > periodic payment of rents

audit1489

galea1687

society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > [noun] > a debt > arrears > of rent

hanging-gale1812

a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 74 The said decay of Bullion considering that..300 M. would pay one half years Gale of all the Land; 50 M. would pay ¼ rent of all the Housing.

1812 M. Edgeworth Absentee ix, in Tales Fashionable Life VI. 141 The balance due of the hanging-gale.

1828 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 24 224 A receipt for the last gale of the rent reserved in the lease under which they claim to vote.

1862 H. Coulter West of Ireland 214 There is no such thing known in Erris as a hanging gale.

1882 Standard Aug. 2/4 The effect of sweeping away the hanging gale would be that the landlord would be unable to collect the rent due in May, 1882.

1888 Times (Weekly ed.) 16 Nov. 20/4 They all paid a deposit of £1, and one lodged a gale's rent less 40 per cent.

b. A rent-audit.

ΚΠ

1881 Leeds Mercury 4 Jan. 6 The half-yearly gales or audits are held on the second and third weeks of May and December.

2. An instalment (of money). rare exc. U.S. regional.

ΚΠ

1789 J. Morse Amer. Geogr. 314 He pays one third or one fourth part in cash..and the rest in gales or instalments, as it is called here.

1846 Ld. Campbell Lives Chancellors IV. civ. 36 Calculating when another gale of salary would become due.

1854 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. 9 408/2 The word Gale is used in the West of Philadelphia in the sense of an instalment.

†3. A lordship or toll (on fish). Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > [noun] > on consumable goods > on fish

galea1641

lastage1641

a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1885) III. 321 The fisher~man sets the price of such his fish. The Lord chooseth whether hee will take the fish and pay halfe that price to the fisherman; or refuse the fish and require halfe the price..The price or moity taken is called the Gale.

4. In the Forest of Dean: the royalty paid by a ‘free-miner’ for a plot of land, with the right to dig for coal, iron, or stone; a licence or grant of land for this purpose; the area of land granted.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for privilege > [noun] > of taking minerals

sand-mail1287

lot-leada1483

lot1630

cope1631

sand-gavel1663

lordship1767

gale1775

tribute1778

royalty1839

groundage1852

seignioragea1859

galeage1881

1775 in Nicholls Forest Dean (1858) 285 Untill you have satisfied and paid me his Majesty's gale and dues for working and getting coal in such pitts for two years last past.

1832 in 5th Rept. Dean Forest Comm. (1835) 70 If we open gales in different parts of the Forest, we must pay the gale for each.

1838 Act 1 & 2 Victoria c. 43. §29 Such gales..so forfeited shall be subject to be again galed or leased.

1880 J. Williams Rights of Common 177 Gales or licences for making stone quarries in inclosed land.

1884 Law Times 31 May 78/2 In 1846 M. was in possession of two gales in the Forest of Dean.

Compounds

General attributive, as (sense 1) gale-day; (sense 4) gale-book, gale-fee.

ΚΠ

1831 Louisville Public Advertiser 11 July I was thinking to myself that the gale-day is passed.

1832 in 5th Rept. Dean Forest Comm. (1835) 70 I went to the galer, and had it transferred in the gale-book. Quarries have been sold to foreigners, but their names cannot be put in the gale-book.

1832 in 5th Rept. Dean Forest Comm. (1835) 71 A gale-fee of 2s. for every 20 yards.

1862 H. Coulter West of Ireland 215 A few days after the Gale day another bailiff..distrained for the Rent which had been paid.

1880 J. Williams Rights of Common 177 To exact gale-fees or rents in respect thereof [stone-quarries].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† galev.¹

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s Scottish gail(l.

Etymology: Old English galan strong verb (past tense gól , past participle galen ) = Old High German galan , Old Norse gala ; cognate with gale n.², -gale (singer) in nightingale n.¹; another grade of the root appears in yell v. The strong inflection appears not to have survived beyond Old English.

Obsolete.

1. intransitive and transitive. To sing; also, to deliver an oracular response.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (transitive)]

singc825

leadOE

galea1000

record1483

chant1566

modulate?1567

carol?1578

strain1589

relish1592

lyrica1704

vocalize1782

lip1789

flute1842

OE Beowulf 786 Þara þe of wealle wop gehyrdon, gryreleoð galan Godes andsacan.

a1000 Boeth. Metr. vii. 3 Se Wisdom. glio-wordum gol gyd.

a1400–50 Alexander 798* Right as my graceux gode hase galet me before.

a1400–50 Alexander 2257 Þan gales þaire god a-gayn & þus spekis.

c1480 Crt. of Love 1356 ‘Domine labia’ gan he crye and gale.

2. intransitive. Of a dog: To bark, yelp. Of a bird, esp. the cuckoo: To utter its peculiar note.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > sound or bird defined by > [verb (intransitive)] > cry or call

crowc1000

galec1275

pewa1425

call1486

hoota1500

the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Cuculiformes (cuckoos, etc.) > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound (of cuckoo)

galec1275

cuck1599

cuckoo1620

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [verb (intransitive)] > bark

barkc885

galec1275

abayc1400

baffc1440

bawl1556

waff1570

baugh1576

prate1592

gladish1608

waffle1698

yamph1718

woof1804

allatrate1806

yaff1808

bow-wow1832

yaffle1847

kyoodle1935

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [verb (intransitive)] > howl or yelp

galec1275

yawpc1400

baffc1440

yelp1553

bawl1556

waff1570

bewh1581

yap1668

yamph1718

nyaff1808

yaff1808

yaffle1847

yappet1868

ki-yi1869

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10407 Hunten þar talieð hundes þer galieð.

?a1400 Morte Arth. 927 Thare galede þe gowke one grevez fulle lowde.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 185/1 Galyn, as crowys, or rokys, crocito.

1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 96 in Wks. (1931) I Gaill lyke ane goik, and greit quhen scho wes wa.

c1560 A. Scott Moneth May 26 In May begynnis the golk to gaill.

3. transferred. To make an outcry, exclaim against something.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry or shout [verb (intransitive)] > outcry or clamour

galstrec1230

huea1250

galec1386

noisea1393

clamourc1400

brawl1447

yammer1513

to noise it1663

hue-and-crya1734

beclamour1832

chi-hike1874

hullabaloo1936

c1386 G. Chaucer Friar's Tale 1336 Now telleth forth, thogh that the Somnour gale.

1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. xi Though men on it galen aye and crye.

c1440 York Myst. xxxiii. 23 Þat gome þat gyrnes or gales, I myself sall hym hurte full sore.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

galev.²

Brit.

/ɡeɪl/, U.S.

/ɡeɪl/

Etymology: < gale n.³

Nautical.

intransitive. To sail away as if before a gale. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > swiftly

crowd937

runOE

shootc1540

scud1582

winga1616

gale1692

ramp1856

1692 Smith's Sea-mans Gram. (new ed.) i. xvi. 78 In faire weather when there is but little Wind that Ship which hath most Wind and sails fastest is said, to gale away from the other.

1739 Encour. Sea-f. People 39 It being little Wind, and they galing away out of his Reach, he left pursuing them.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. To gale away, to go free.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

galev.³

Brit.

/ɡeɪl/, U.S.

/ɡeɪl/

Etymology: < gale n.⁴

transitive. To grant or take the gale of (i.e. the right of working) a mine, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > rights to do or use something > [verb (transitive)] > grant right to work mine or quarry

gale1832

society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > grant or take right of working mine

gale1832

1832 in 5th Rept. Dean Forest Comm. (1835) 70 I consider myself entitled to have a coal-pit galed to me, because I am born of free parents within the hundred.

1832 in 5th Rept. Dean Forest Comm. (1835) 71 I have not galed any new works of late years.

1839 G. C. Lewis Gloss. Words Herefordshire (at cited word) In the Forest of Dean, to gale (i.e. to gavel) a mine is to acquire the right to work a mine from the officer called a gaveller, and to pay the share of the crown.

1890 J. D. Robertson Gloss. Words County of Gloucester (at cited word) Formerly stone quarries were galed, but they are now leased.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹c1000

n.²c1200

n.³a1547

n.⁴a1641

v.¹a1000

v.²1692

v.³1832

单词	gale
释义	galen.¹ Brit. /ɡeɪl/, U.S. /ɡeɪl/ Forms: Old English–Middle English gagel, gaȝel, Middle English gayl, Middle English–1600s gaul(e, (Middle English gawl, gawyl, gayle, 1500s golle), 1500s–1800s gall(e, Middle English– gale. Etymology: Old English gagel, gagol strong ? masculine (also gagelle, -olle weak feminine) = Middle Dutch gaghel, Dutch and modern German gagel, and perhaps Old Norse gagl in gaglviðr, which may denote this plant ( < gagl gale + við-r wood), though this is very doubtful. The phonology of the modern form is somewhat obscure. The bog-myrtle, Myrica Gale (the modern Latin specific name is adopted from English); also called sweet gale. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > shrubs > myrica and allies > [noun] galec1000 Dutch myrtle1597 sweet willow1597 gow1598 sweet-gale1640 candle-tree1692 candleberry tree1731 tallow shrub1770 myrica1791 wax-tree1791 wax-plant1801 wax-myrtle1813 Comptonia1823 tallow-bush1835 wax-berry1835 sweet fern1849 bog myrtle1866 meadow fern1876 flea-wood1892 c1000 Sax. Leechd. III. 6 Nim þre leaf gageles. a1300 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 559/22 Mirtus, i. gaȝel. a1400 J. Mirfield Sinonoma Bartholomei (1882) 22 Gayl, mirta. a1400–50 Alexander 4094 Full of gladen & of gale & of grete redis. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 189/1 Gawl..mirtus. 1483 Cath. Angl. 147/2 Gayle..mirtus. a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1710) I. 33 The fenny part of Axholm berith much Galle, a low frutex swete in burning. 1568 W. Turner Herbal iii. 47 Called..in Cambridge shyre Gall, in Summerset shyre Goul or Golle. 1751 J. Bartram Observ. Trav. from Pensilvania 36 On the banks I found the gale like the European. 1807 G. Crabbe Birth Flattery in Poems 204 Gale from the Bog shall yield Arabian Balm. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Edwin Morris 110 I..heard with beating heart The Sweet-Gale rustle round the shelving keel. 1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Gale, the fragrant bog-myrtle, often called ‘sweet-gale’. Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations, as gale-bush, gale-plant, gale-sheaves. ΚΠ 1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1228 This Gaule groweth plentifully..in the Ile of Elie, and in the Fennie countries thereabouts, whereof there is such store..that they make fagots of it and sheaues, which they cal Gaule sheaues, to burne and heate their ouens. 1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 258 The hazel, the dwarf willow, the gall plant. 1887 W. Rye Month on Norfolk Broads 50 The myrtle-like leaved sweet gale bushes. C2. gale-beer n. a drink made from twigs of sweet-gale. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > ale or beer > non-malted brews > [noun] > others kvassa1556 locus ale1693 honey beer1731 maple beer1788 heath-ale1801 treacle beer1806 root beer1815 treacle alea1833 gale-beer1863 nettle beer1864 shimiyana1870 birch beer1883 parsnip beer1897 skokiaan1926 1863 Notes & Queries 3rd Ser. 4 311 ‘Gale beer’, brewed from a plant growing on the moor above Ampleforth, in Yorkshire, is made and sold by Mrs. Sigsworth of the ‘Black Horse’. 1893 K. Simpson Jeanie o' Biggersdale 111 She baked, she washed, she brewed gale-beer. gale-worts n. a book name for plants of the family Myricaceæ (Lindley Veg. Kingdom 1846, p. 256). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † galen.² Forms: Also Middle English gal. Etymology: Two words are perhaps represented here: (1) Middle English gal ( < galen , Old English galan to sing) = Middle High German gal ; (2) Old French gale gaiety = Italian gala : see gala n.¹ Obsolete. 1. a. Singing, a song; merriment, mirth. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > merriment > [noun] dreamOE man-dreamOE gleea1200 galec1200 bauderyc1386 oliprancec1390 cheera1393 gaynessc1400 disportc1405 joyousitiea1450 festivitya1500 lakea1500 gaiety1573 merriment1574 jucundity1575 galliardise?1577 jouissance1579 merrymake1579 jolliment1590 mirth1591 jollyhead1596 spleen1598 jocantry16.. geniality1609 jovialty1621 jocundry1637 gaietry1650 sport1671 fun1726 galliardism1745 gig1777 merrymaking1779 hilarity1834 rollick1852 society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > vocal music > a song > [noun] songeOE leothOE galec1200 rounc1225 laya1240 gammec1425 muse1528 cantion1579 madrigal1589 canzon1590 canzone1590 canton1594 canto1603 cantilene1635 cantilena1740 Lied1852 art song1875 canzonetta1947 c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 197 Þat hie ne muge heren here remenge ne here gal. c1275 Luue Ron 126 in Old Eng. Misc. 97 Þar-inne is vich balewes bote, blisse, and Ioye, and gleo, and Gal. 13.. K. Alis. 2548 The nyghtyngale In wode, makith miry gale. c1315 Shoreham 107 Þorȝ his oȝene gale. a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 32 He is faucoun in friht, dernest in dale, ant wiþ eueruch a gome gladest in gale. b. said of the voice of an animal. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [noun] > sound made by questc1400 gale1460 cry1535 mouth1590 tongue1787 1460 Lybeaus Disc. (1890) 1059 Hornes herde þey blowe And houndes grete of gale. 2. Speech, talk. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > [noun] speechc725 spellc888 tonguec897 spellingc1000 wordOE mathelingOE redec1275 sermonc1275 leeda1300 gale13.. speakc1300 speaking1303 ledenc1320 talea1325 parliamentc1325 winda1330 sermoningc1330 saying1340 melinga1375 talkingc1386 wordc1390 prolationa1393 carpinga1400 eloquencec1400 utteringc1400 language?c1450 reporturec1475 parleyc1490 locutionc1500 talk1539 discourse1545 report1548 tonguec1550 deliverance1553 oration1555 delivery1577 parling1582 parle1584 conveying1586 passage1598 perlocution1599 wording1604 bursta1616 ventilation1615 loquency1623 voicinga1626 verbocination1653 loquence1677 pronunciation1686 loquel1694 jawinga1731 talkee-talkee?1740 vocification1743 talkation1781 voicing1822 utterancy1827 voicing1831 the spoken word1832 outness1851 verbalization1851 voice1855 outgiving1865 stringing1886 praxis1950 13.. K. Alis. 2047 Listenith now, and letith gale, For now ariseth a noble tale. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1889 So grym a was in gale. a1400 Coer de L. 3546 On knees we tolde hym our tale, But us ne gaynyd no gale. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2021). galen.³ Brit. /ɡeɪl/, U.S. /ɡeɪl/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s gaile, gayle, (? 1600s gall). Etymology: Of obscure origin. Possibly elliptical for gale (or gall ) wind (see quot. 1628¹ for gale-wind n. at Compounds 2) where gale may have been originally an adjective. Some scholars suppose that the word is in some way connected with Danish gal, Norwegian galen (neuter galet), mad, furious, bad (often said of weather), Old Norse galenn, mad, frantic (? lit. enchanted, bewitched), past participle of gala, to sing. The spelling and rhymes in the earliest quot., however, seem to disprove this. 1. a. A wind of considerable strength; in nautical language, the word chiefly ‘implies what on shore is called a storm’ (Adm Smyth), esp. with modifying word, as hard gale, stiff gale (less violent), fresh gale (still less so) (see also strong gale n. at strong adj. Compounds 3); in popular literary use, ‘a wind not tempestuous, but stronger than a breeze’ (Johnson). Also gale of wind. In restricted use, applied to a wind having a velocity within certain limits (see quots.). equinoctial gale (see equinoctial adj. 2b). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > strong or violent wind birra1325 racka1400 galea1547 Euroclydon1561 huff-gale1582 whiskera1598 gale-wind1628 sniffler1768 snifter1768 storm wind1839 buster1848 snorter1855 snorer1871 blusterer1877 ripsnorter1889 smeller1898 hurricane wind1921 a1547 Earl of Surrey Proem. to 73rd Psalm I ..constrayned am to beare my sayles ful loo, And never could attayne some pleasaunt gaile [rhymes saile, assaile, availe, faile]. 1558 T. Phaer tr. Virgil Seuen First Bks. Eneidos v. 900 Frend Palynure, lo how the tydes them selues conueies the fleete, This gale by measure blowes. 1600 R. Hakluyt tr. G. B. Ramusio in Princ. Navigations (new ed.) III. 424 At noone we had a fresh gale in the poupe. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) i. ii. 47 What happie gale Blowes you to Padua heere, from old Verona. View more context for this quotation 1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 17 A calme, a brese, a fresh gaile, a pleasant gayle, a stiffe gayle. 1698 tr. F. Froger Relation Voy. Coasts Afr. 38 We set sail again..with a favourable Gale of Wind. 1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Ceyx & Alcyone in Fables 365 At the close of Day, a stiffer Gale at East arose. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. v. 90 The Ladies gave me a Gale with their Fans. 1772 J. Robertson Elements Navigation (ed. 3) vi. vi. 354 (note) A common brisk gale is about 15 miles an hour. 1774 M. Mackenzie Treat. Maritim Surv. 99 Hard Gales of Wind in any Place, especially if it blows in the Direction of the Flood, swells the Tide to an uncommon Height. 1801 J. Capper Observ. Winds & Monsoons Pref. p. xxiii The tempest..is..the same as a hurricane, or whirlwind: I shall therefore use these words synonimously, and place them in the first order, or degree of violent winds. The storm, or what the English seamen call a hard gale, is likewise, I believe, nearly the same; I shall, therefore, make use of the former for the land, and the latter for the sea term, and reckon these in the second class. 1808 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 19 470 We had some smart gales of wind. 1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire I. i. ii. 280 High gales are generally from the west. 1859 J. M. Jephson & L. Reeve Narr. Walking Tour Brittany 137 There was little promise of the gale abating. 1884 D. Pae Eustace 195 The wind still blew a stiff gale. 1899 Westm. Gaz. 24 Jan. 4/3 A gale is not a gale until it has reached Force 7 on the Beaufort scale, though many people lightly class all heavy winds as gales. 1923 W. N. Shaw Forecasting Weather (ed. 2) 456 As a result of the investigation of 1905 we now classify winds with velocity above 75 miles per hour as hurricane winds, those with velocity between 64 and 75 miles per hour as storm winds, and those between 39 and 63 as gales. 1963 Meteorol. Gloss. (Meteorol. Office) (ed. 4) 109 Gale, a wind of a speed between 34 and 40 knots (force 8 on the Beaufort scale of wind force, where it was originally described as ‘fresh gale’), at a free exposure 10 metres (33 feet) above ground. 1963 Meteorol. Gloss. (Meteorol. Office) (ed. 4) 109 Statistics of gales refer to the attainment of mean speeds of 34 knots or over. b. poetic and in rhetorical language often used for: A gentle breeze. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > gentle wind auraa1398 breathc1400 air1535 gentle gale1567 zephyr1567 pirriea1614 breeze1626 gentle breeze1635 pirra1722 gale1728 zephyret1777 spill1899 1728 J. Thomson Spring 45 Can The stormy Passions in his Bosom rowl, While every Gale is Peace, and every Grove Is Melody? 1742 W. Collins Persian Eclogues i. 6 Wanton Gales, along the Valleys play. 1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. v. 187 The fresh gale came scented with the breath of flowers. a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) I. 201 The breath of vernal gales. 1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems lxiv. 282 The warm west~wind, in gales of foison alighting. c. regarded as the vehicle of odours. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > [noun] > conveyor of odours windc1330 gale1711 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 56. ¶3 He felt a Gale of Perfumes breathing upon him. 1749 S. Johnson Vanity Human Wishes 6 The tainted Gales. 1797 Monthly Mag. 3 92 A new project of nutrition, by inhaling the gales of baker's, cheesemonger's, and cook's shops. 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad i. 27 And gales etherial breathe a glad perfume. c1820 S. Rogers Italy ii. (1828) 11 An underwood of myrtle, that by fits Sent up a gale of fragrance. d. transferred and figurative. †with a full gale: ? without any interruption. ΚΠ 1623 P. Massinger Duke of Millaine i. iii. 110 One gale of your sweet breath will easily Disperse these Clouds. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 39 It is far more ingenious to believe it to be a gale of Animal Spirits, that, moving from her head along her back to her tail..is the cause of her [sc. the snail's] progressive motion. 1669 Let. 7 Oct. in A. Marvell Wks. (1875) II. 276 Unles we could finde..some unexpected gaile of opportunity that would be sure waft us quite over. 1675 E. Phillips Theatrum Poetarum (new ed.) 162 That which is chiefly pleasant in these Poems [Herrick's], is now and then a pretty Floury and Pastoral gale of Fancy. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. ii. 100 The Scots..brought all their mischievous Devices to pass, with ease, and a prosperous Gale in all they went about. 1731 H. St. John Let. to Swift 29 Mar. in J. Swift Lett. Dr. Swift (1741) 134 Passions..are the Gales of life: Let us not complain that they do not blow a storm. 1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 146 On the fifth Night, he slept with a full Gale till Morning, without any waking at all. 1806 H. K. White Let. 25 June in Remains (1807) I. 227 Contending gales of doubt and apprehension. 1827 R. Pollok Course of Time I. iii. 113 Her sails..nicely set, to catch the gale Of praise. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Vision of Sin in Poems (new ed.) II. 214 The music..Rose again from where it seem'd to fail, Storm'd in orbs of song, a growing gale. 2. figurative. A state of excitement or hilarity. U.S. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > [noun] > a state of excitement heydayc1590 furor1704 feveret1712 kippage1808 raptus1845 take-on1893 gale1894 excitedness1934 up1966 the mind > emotion > pleasure > merriment > [noun] > quality or condition of being merry > a state of merriment gale1894 1838 Southern Literary Messenger 4 65/2 On the way Wint was in ‘a great gale’; his spirits high, his hopes buoyant, his gaiety of heart overflowing. 1855 ‘W. Brooke’ Eastford ix. 95 The ladies, laughing heartily, were fast going into what, in New England, is sometimes called a gale. 1885 W. D. Howells Rise Silas Lapham x. 189 When she gets into one of her gales there ain't any standing up against her. 1894 Cassell's Mag. Apr. 362/2 Going off into a gale of merriment at the recollection. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. gale force adj. and n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [adjective] > strong strongeOE stiffc1290 sternc1374 wrothc1400 vehement1483 strainable1497 freshc1515 stout1533 bloysterous?1570 ruffing1577 boisterous?1594 lofty1600 chafing1762 blustery1774 smacking1820 snoring1822 spanking1849 gale force1902 1902 Daily Chron. 4 Mar. 5/2 Southerly winds were blowing in all parts of the British Isles yesterday, reaching gale force on the west coast of Ireland. 1967 C. B. Christesen in Coast to Coast 1965–6 32 The impact of gale-force winds was such that at first we thought the ship had struck a rock. gale-warning n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > study or science of weather > [noun] > weather prediction > warning bulletin gale-warning1918 advisory1926 1918 Meteorol. Gloss. (Meteorol. Office) (new ed.) 128 Gale-warning. Notice of threatening atmospherical disturbances on or near the coasts of the British Islands are issued by telegraph from the Meteorological Office to a number of ports and fishery-stations. 1940 C. Day Lewis tr. Virgil Georgics i. 26 Another gale-warning often is given by shooting stars. 1969 C. R. Burgess Suppl. Meteorol. for Seamen 2 These forecasts include Gale warnings, General weather synopsis and expected changes within the next 24 hours. b. gale-bent adj. ΚΠ 1883 Harper's Mag. Jan. 209/2 The dwarf oaks grow scraggy and gale-bent atop. gale-lashed adj. ΚΠ 1896 Westm. Gaz. 19 June 3/1 Ushant and its neighbouring isles..rising from amidst the gale-lashed waves. C2. † gale-wind n. Obsolete a stormy wind, gale. In quot. 1628¹ gale, gall may conceivably represent Scottish gell ‘intense, keen, brisk’ (Jamieson). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > wind > [noun] > strong or violent wind birra1325 racka1400 galea1547 Euroclydon1561 huff-gale1582 whiskera1598 gale-wind1628 sniffler1768 snifter1768 storm wind1839 buster1848 snorter1855 snorer1871 blusterer1877 ripsnorter1889 smeller1898 hurricane wind1921 1628 Z. Boyd Last Battell Soule 544 This world is like a working sea, wherein sinne like a gall winde or strong tyde carrieth many tribulations..from Countrie to Countrie. 1628 Z. Boyd Last Battell Soule 1256 Our life like smoke or chaffe is carried away as with a gale winde. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). galen.⁴ Brit. /ɡeɪl/, U.S. /ɡeɪl/ Etymology: ? contracted < gavel n.¹ 1. a. A periodical payment of rent, the amount paid periodically. hanging-gale n. the rent due at the previous gale-day; arrears of rent. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > hire or rent > rent (land or real property) > [noun] gavela1121 rentc1300 rental1441 gavelagec1450 rentage1633 mail duty1638 galea1687 wayleave1729 society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > hire or rent > rent (land or real property) > [noun] > periodic payment of rents audit1489 galea1687 society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > [noun] > a debt > arrears > of rent hanging-gale1812 a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 74 The said decay of Bullion considering that..300 M. would pay one half years Gale of all the Land; 50 M. would pay ¼ rent of all the Housing. 1812 M. Edgeworth Absentee ix, in Tales Fashionable Life VI. 141 The balance due of the hanging-gale. 1828 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 24 224 A receipt for the last gale of the rent reserved in the lease under which they claim to vote. 1862 H. Coulter West of Ireland 214 There is no such thing known in Erris as a hanging gale. 1882 Standard Aug. 2/4 The effect of sweeping away the hanging gale would be that the landlord would be unable to collect the rent due in May, 1882. 1888 Times (Weekly ed.) 16 Nov. 20/4 They all paid a deposit of £1, and one lodged a gale's rent less 40 per cent. b. A rent-audit. ΚΠ 1881 Leeds Mercury 4 Jan. 6 The half-yearly gales or audits are held on the second and third weeks of May and December. 2. An instalment (of money). rare exc. U.S. regional. ΚΠ 1789 J. Morse Amer. Geogr. 314 He pays one third or one fourth part in cash..and the rest in gales or instalments, as it is called here. 1846 Ld. Campbell Lives Chancellors IV. civ. 36 Calculating when another gale of salary would become due. 1854 Notes & Queries 1st Ser. 9 408/2 The word Gale is used in the West of Philadelphia in the sense of an instalment. †3. A lordship or toll (on fish). Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > [noun] > on consumable goods > on fish galea1641 lastage1641 a1641 J. Smyth Berkeley MSS (1885) III. 321 The fisher~man sets the price of such his fish. The Lord chooseth whether hee will take the fish and pay halfe that price to the fisherman; or refuse the fish and require halfe the price..The price or moity taken is called the Gale. 4. In the Forest of Dean: the royalty paid by a ‘free-miner’ for a plot of land, with the right to dig for coal, iron, or stone; a licence or grant of land for this purpose; the area of land granted. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for privilege > [noun] > of taking minerals sand-mail1287 lot-leada1483 lot1630 cope1631 sand-gavel1663 lordship1767 gale1775 tribute1778 royalty1839 groundage1852 seignioragea1859 galeage1881 1775 in Nicholls Forest Dean (1858) 285 Untill you have satisfied and paid me his Majesty's gale and dues for working and getting coal in such pitts for two years last past. 1832 in 5th Rept. Dean Forest Comm. (1835) 70 If we open gales in different parts of the Forest, we must pay the gale for each. 1838 Act 1 & 2 Victoria c. 43. §29 Such gales..so forfeited shall be subject to be again galed or leased. 1880 J. Williams Rights of Common 177 Gales or licences for making stone quarries in inclosed land. 1884 Law Times 31 May 78/2 In 1846 M. was in possession of two gales in the Forest of Dean. Compounds General attributive, as (sense 1) gale-day; (sense 4) gale-book, gale-fee. ΚΠ 1831 Louisville Public Advertiser 11 July I was thinking to myself that the gale-day is passed. 1832 in 5th Rept. Dean Forest Comm. (1835) 70 I went to the galer, and had it transferred in the gale-book. Quarries have been sold to foreigners, but their names cannot be put in the gale-book. 1832 in 5th Rept. Dean Forest Comm. (1835) 71 A gale-fee of 2s. for every 20 yards. 1862 H. Coulter West of Ireland 215 A few days after the Gale day another bailiff..distrained for the Rent which had been paid. 1880 J. Williams Rights of Common 177 To exact gale-fees or rents in respect thereof [stone-quarries]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † galev.¹ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s Scottish gail(l. Etymology: Old English galan strong verb (past tense gól , past participle galen ) = Old High German galan , Old Norse gala ; cognate with gale n.², -gale (singer) in nightingale n.¹; another grade of the root appears in yell v. The strong inflection appears not to have survived beyond Old English. Obsolete. 1. intransitive and transitive. To sing; also, to deliver an oracular response. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (transitive)] singc825 leadOE galea1000 record1483 chant1566 modulate?1567 carol?1578 strain1589 relish1592 lyrica1704 vocalize1782 lip1789 flute1842 OE Beowulf 786 Þara þe of wealle wop gehyrdon, gryreleoð galan Godes andsacan. a1000 Boeth. Metr. vii. 3 Se Wisdom. glio-wordum gol gyd. a1400–50 Alexander 798* Right as my graceux gode hase galet me before. a1400–50 Alexander 2257 Þan gales þaire god a-gayn & þus spekis. c1480 Crt. of Love 1356 ‘Domine labia’ gan he crye and gale. 2. intransitive. Of a dog: To bark, yelp. Of a bird, esp. the cuckoo: To utter its peculiar note. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > sound or bird defined by > [verb (intransitive)] > cry or call crowc1000 galec1275 pewa1425 call1486 hoota1500 the world > animals > birds > perching birds > order Cuculiformes (cuckoos, etc.) > [verb (intransitive)] > make sound (of cuckoo) galec1275 cuck1599 cuckoo1620 the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [verb (intransitive)] > bark barkc885 galec1275 abayc1400 baffc1440 bawl1556 waff1570 baugh1576 prate1592 gladish1608 waffle1698 yamph1718 woof1804 allatrate1806 yaff1808 bow-wow1832 yaffle1847 kyoodle1935 the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > dog > [verb (intransitive)] > howl or yelp galec1275 yawpc1400 baffc1440 yelp1553 bawl1556 waff1570 bewh1581 yap1668 yamph1718 nyaff1808 yaff1808 yaffle1847 yappet1868 ki-yi1869 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10407 Hunten þar talieð hundes þer galieð. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 927 Thare galede þe gowke one grevez fulle lowde. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 185/1 Galyn, as crowys, or rokys, crocito. 1559 D. Lindsay Test. Papyngo l. 96 in Wks. (1931) I Gaill lyke ane goik, and greit quhen scho wes wa. c1560 A. Scott Moneth May 26 In May begynnis the golk to gaill. 3. transferred. To make an outcry, exclaim against something. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > cry or shout [verb (intransitive)] > outcry or clamour galstrec1230 huea1250 galec1386 noisea1393 clamourc1400 brawl1447 yammer1513 to noise it1663 hue-and-crya1734 beclamour1832 chi-hike1874 hullabaloo1936 c1386 G. Chaucer Friar's Tale 1336 Now telleth forth, thogh that the Somnour gale. 1412–20 J. Lydgate tr. Hist. Troy iv. xi Though men on it galen aye and crye. c1440 York Myst. xxxiii. 23 Þat gome þat gyrnes or gales, I myself sall hym hurte full sore. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2021). galev.² Brit. /ɡeɪl/, U.S. /ɡeɪl/ Etymology: < gale n.³ Nautical. intransitive. To sail away as if before a gale. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > [verb (intransitive)] > swiftly crowd937 runOE shootc1540 scud1582 winga1616 gale1692 ramp1856 1692 Smith's Sea-mans Gram. (new ed.) i. xvi. 78 In faire weather when there is but little Wind that Ship which hath most Wind and sails fastest is said, to gale away from the other. 1739 Encour. Sea-f. People 39 It being little Wind, and they galing away out of his Reach, he left pursuing them. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. To gale away, to go free. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). galev.³ Brit. /ɡeɪl/, U.S. /ɡeɪl/ Etymology: < gale n.⁴ transitive. To grant or take the gale of (i.e. the right of working) a mine, etc. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > rights to do or use something > [verb (transitive)] > grant right to work mine or quarry gale1832 society > occupation and work > industry > mining > mine [verb (transitive)] > grant or take right of working mine gale1832 1832 in 5th Rept. Dean Forest Comm. (1835) 70 I consider myself entitled to have a coal-pit galed to me, because I am born of free parents within the hundred. 1832 in 5th Rept. Dean Forest Comm. (1835) 71 I have not galed any new works of late years. 1839 G. C. Lewis Gloss. Words Herefordshire (at cited word) In the Forest of Dean, to gale (i.e. to gavel) a mine is to acquire the right to work a mine from the officer called a gaveller, and to pay the share of the crown. 1890 J. D. Robertson Gloss. Words County of Gloucester (at cited word) Formerly stone quarries were galed, but they are now leased. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹c1000n.²c1200n.³a1547n.⁴a1641v.¹a1000v.²1692v.³1832
随便看	salute salute me salute tyburn saluted saluter saluters salutes salutifere salutiferous salutiferously salutigerous saluting saluting-base saluting-colour saluting-ground saluting-point salutingbase salutingcolour salutingground salutingpoint salva veritate salvability salvable salvableness salvably

galen.1

Compounds

† galen.2

galen.3

Compounds

galen.4

Compounds

† galev.1

galev.2

galev.3

galen.¹

† galen.²

galen.³

galen.⁴

† galev.¹

galev.²

galev.³