fumen.
/fjuːm/, U.S. /fjum/ I. Smoke, vapour, or other exhalation.
1. † c. Something used or prepared for producing aromatic vapour. Obsolete.
a. The volatile matter produced by and usually accompanying combustion; smoke. Also with a and in plural. Obsolete or archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > smoke
reekeOE
smeecheOE
smokec1000
smeekc1175
smeeksa1225
roke1292
smitchc1330
fume?a1400
reeking1401
fumee1481
fumierc1500
smook?a1513
suffumigation1567
suffumige1666
fog1728
?a1400 Pety Iob 279 in Hampole's Wks. (Horstm.) II. 384 As frome the fyre departeth fume, So body and sowle a-sundre goth.
1447 O. Bokenham Lyvys Seyntys (1835) 56 Wyth the fume he [angel] toke to heven his flyht.
1549–62 T. Sternhold & J. Hopkins Whole Bk. Psalms xxi. 9 Like an Oven burn them, Lord, in fiery flames and fume.
1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. iii. iv. 263 By this kinde of mockage defiling death aswell with fire, as fume.
1712 A. Pope tr. Statius First Bk. Thebais in Misc. Poems 41 While yet thin Fumes from dying Sparks arise.
1784 J. Priestley in Philos. Trans. 1783 (Royal Soc.) 73 403 A copious black fume came from it.
1856 C. Patmore Espousals Epil., in Angel in House II. 180 A fresh-lit fire Sends forth to heaven great shows of fume.
b. Odorous smoke (e.g. that of incense, tobacco). †Indian fume n. tobacco smoke.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > [noun] > tobacco smoke
Indian smoke1626
Indian fume1627
Virginian vapour1631
funk1699
c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) l. 681 Thai brente Frankensense That smoked up so stronge The Fume in her presence.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 34 b/1 It hath vertue tascende by the lightnes of the fume [of encence].
?1550 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Healthe (1585) C ij Fume made of Roes lether, doth myghtyly sterre hym vp.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. ix. f. 138 Whose fume is holsome ageynst reumes and heauynesse of the heade.
1626 G. Sandys tr. Ovid Metamorphosis xi. 230 Meane-while Alcyone holy fumes presents To all the Gods.
1627 M. Drayton Moone-calfe in Battaile Agincourt 160 In some sixe dayes iourney doth consume Ten pounds in Suckets and the Indian Fume.
1697 S. Patrick Comm. Exod. (xxx. 35) 617 One of the most ancient ways of worshipping God;..the first Men making a Fume, by burning parts of Trees and Shrubs.
1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 473 Curling clouds Of Indian fume.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby ii. 6 And the fumes of choice tobacco scent the air.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [noun] > fragrant substance or perfume
pimentc1300
odoramentc1384
savouringc1384
odoura1425
aromatica1513
smella1533
fume1541
perfume1542
sweet-water?1543
scent1596
pomander1600
sweets1603
bisse1608
sweet-ball1617
plash1649
suffition1656
essence1661
odoratea1682
otto1822
aroma1830
nosegay1855
foo-foo1880
1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xiv. f. 25v Duryng the tyme of his execution, the emperour commaunded a bedell to crye, With fume shal he dy, that fumes hath sold.
1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 219 Rulandus makes a fume of one dram of white Amber to take at the Mouth.
1665 S. Pepys Diary 4 Nov. (1972) VI. 288 They suspect, by their sending for plaster and Fume, that it may be the plague.
1679 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 451 A julep, 3s. 6d.; a fume 2s.
1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 186 They had burnt a great variety of Fumes and Perfumes in..the Rooms.
2. Odour or odorous exhalation (either fragrant or offensive) emitted from a substance, flower, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > [noun]
smacka1000
breathOE
smella1175
irea1300
weffea1300
thefa1325
relesec1330
odour?c1335
incensea1340
flair1340
savoura1350
smellingc1386
flavourc1400
fumec1400
reflairc1400
air?a1439
scent?1473
taste?c1475
verdure1520
senteur1601
waft1611
effluvium1656
fluor1671
burning scent1681
aura1732
fumet1735
snuff1763
olfacient1822
odouret1825
waff1827
gush1841
sniff1844
tang1858
nose1894
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 251 Breke hem [braunchis of fenel] a litil with þi teeþ, and þan þou schalt blowe in his iȝe..þat þe fume of þe fenel mowe entre into his iȝe.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. 10v/1 The fume & stenche of donge.
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure iv. iv Aromatyke lycoure, Fragraunt of fume.
c1599 Life T. More Epistle Commendatory, in C. Wordsworth Eccl. Biog. (1810) II. 57 The fume of hilicampana is very pleasing.
?1610 J. Fletcher Faithfull Shepheardesse v. sig. I1v Send a fume and keepe the Ayre, Pure and wholesome.
1658 W. Johnson tr. F. Würtz Surgeons Guid ii. xiv. 115 When these [poultesses] are taken off..there comes a great fume from the Wound.
1719 Free-thinker No. 92. 2 She..cannot bear the Fumes of the Table.
1739 ‘R. Bull’ tr. F. Dedekind Grobianus 17 A horrid Fume shall straight your Crime proclaim To ev'ry Nose.
1865 A. C. Swinburne Hymn to Proserpine 96 And the wind falls faint as it blows with the fume of the flowers of the night.
3. † a. Vapour or steam given out by bodies when heated. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > [noun] > fumes or vapour
reekeOE
rokec1330
vapourc1374
fumec1400
reeking1401
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 278 Stoppe it [þe vessel] faste, þat þer mowe come out þerof no fume.
?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe ii. f. xiiii Receyuynge the fume of the sayde decoction wythin the eyes.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 117 The Liuer of a Roe sod in salt Water, and the eyes of a purblind man held ouer the fume or reak thereof, are cured of their blindnesse.
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 214 Flowing out of the Mouth in form of a Fume, or crasser Vapour.
b. The vapour given off by acids and volatile substances; said esp. of exhalations or vapours which are irritant, stifling, or the like. Rare in singular.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > [noun] > fumes or vapour > noxious vapour or gas
reekeOE
air?c1225
damp1480
mephitis1625
smoke1648
effluvium1656
fume1665
miasma1665
mephitic1802
1665 R. Hooke Micrographia 229 Looking at bodies through the fumes of Aqua fortis.
1680 R. Boyle Sceptical Chymist (new ed.) i. 87 The Predominant Fire will Carry up all the Volatile Elements Confusedly in one Fume.
1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth I. 319 The fumes of hot iron, copper, or any other heated metal.
1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 467 The nitrat of pneum..discharges the acid in red fumes.
1834 J. Forbes tr. R. T. H. Laennec Treat. Dis. Chest (ed. 4) 65 The inhalation of acrid fumes..sometimes gives rise to pulmonary catarrh.
1879 G. Gladstone in Cassell's Techn. Educator IV. 17/1 The fume when given off from the furnace appears as a dense white smoke.
c. An exhalation or watery vapour rising from the earth, the sea, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun]
misteOE
roke1292
vapourc1386
nyle1481
stove1513
fumec1550
rouka1586
misting1604
steam1612
dampa1616
petty-fog1641
smoke1648
brume1694
muga1728
ure1818
nebule1869
nebula1894
moist1903
M1904
clag1940
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 30 Al corrupit humiditeis ande caliginus fumis..that hed bene generit in the sycond regione of the ayr.
1602 J. Marston Hist. Antonio & Mellida i. sig. B2v I descry a fume, Creeping from out the bosome of the deepe.
1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated ii. i. 12 The vpper face of the Earth..sendeth forth many times certaine hot fumes and vapours.
1755 B. Martin Mag. Arts & Sci. xv. 103 A prodigious Quantity of Fume and Vapours flying off from the Body of the Comet.
1828 Moore's Pract. Navigator (ed. 20) 127 The sun's rays upon the earth cause vapours or fumes to be continually rising from it.
1875 W. McIlwraith Guide Wigtownshire 62 The fissure is filled with fume and spray.
4. A vapour or exhalation produced as an ‘excrement’ of the body; esp. a noxious vapour supposed formerly to rise to the brain from the stomach (now chiefly as the result of drinking ‘strong’ or alcoholic liquors).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [noun] > flatulence > vapour
steamc1000
fumosityc1386
fumec1400
vapours1422
crudity1541
gas1759
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 163 Þe lungis drawiþ eir into þe herte, for to do awei þe fume and þe untemprid heete of þe herte.
a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 3880 Whan the paunch is fulle, A fume clymbethe up into the hede.
1577 Vicary's Profitable Treat. Anat. sig. C.jv The Nayles..are a superfluitie of members, engendred of great earthly smoke or fume.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1050 Grosser sleep Bred of unkindly fumes . View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ I. ii. xiii. 278 Dreams were believ'd to..proceed from the Fumes of last-night's Supper.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 200 The Wine was to raise disagreeable Fumes from the Stomach into the Head.
1803 Gazetteer Scotl. at Foyers The fumes of the whisky had taken possession of his brain.
1844 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VIII. lxiii. 240 The fumes of the wine at length thawed their reserve.
II. Figurative senses.
5. Something comparable to smoke or vapour as being unsubstantial, transient, imaginary, etc.When used with reference to flattery, the word has often a mixture of the notions of ‘incense’ ( 1b), and of sense 6.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > mental image, idea, or fancy > [noun]
huea1000
imagination1340
imagea1393
portraiturea1393
trowc1460
fume1531
imaginary1594
phantasm1594
trajection1594
representationa1602
idolum1619
object1651
tablature1661
fancy1663
representamen1677
phantom1686
presentment1817
fantasy1823
projection1836
visuality1841
thought-picture1844
imago1863
vestige1885
the world > time > duration > shortness or brevity in time > swift movement of time > [noun] > transience > transient thing or being
shadowa1272
breathc1275
cloudc1384
cherry-fair1393
transitorya1500
fume1531
forwhilea1557
flitter1623
ephemeran1643
daysman1658
transient1660
fugitive1683
transiency1728
ephemera1751
ephemeron1771
perishable1822
toadstool1823
evanescence1830
a sometime thing1935
the world > existence and causation > existence > substantiality or concreteness > unsubstantiality or abstractness > [noun] > unsubstantiality or lack of substance > something lacking substance > mere appearance or image of something
shadow?c1225
shade1297
phantomc1384
moonshine1468
fume1531
show1547
eggs in moonshine?1558
smoke1559
sign1597
ghost1613
umbra1635
parhelion1636
bogle1793
simulacrum1805
phantasmagoria1821
spectre1849
1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour ii. i. sig. Nvi Fainte praise that is goten with feare, or by flaterars gyuen..is but fume, whiche is supported by silence prouoked by menacis.
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. i. 187 Loue is a smoke raisde with the fume of sighes. View more context for this quotation
1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Cc2 Such Naturall Philosophie..shall not vanish in the fume of subtile, sublime, or delectable speculation. View more context for this quotation
1613–18 S. Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 4 Claudius..hauing much of the fume of glory, and little fire to raise it otherwhere.
1624 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 2) Democritus to Rdr. 27 To smother him with fumes and eulogies.
1649 J. Milton Observations in Articles of Peace with Irish Rebels 53 As if the known and Try'd Constancy of that valiant Gentleman were to be bought with Court fumes.
1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 172 Great pity too..That..They should go out in fume and be forgot.
1843 G. W. Le Fevre Life Trav. Physician I. i. ix. 198 The fumes of philosophical reasoning were dissipated by more material..ingredients.
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems liv. 3 Libo's airs to a fume of art refine them.
6. Something which ‘goes to the head’ and clouds the faculties or the reason.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > confused or altered mental state > cause of
fume1574
1574 J. Higgins 1st Pt. Mirour for Magistrates Sabrine viii For gelouzie..With frensies fume, enragde hir restles braine.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) v. i. 67 Their rising sences Begin to chace the ignorant fumes that mantle Their cleerer reason.
1691 J. Hartcliffe Treat. Virtues 391 Vertue doth refine and purifie our Minds, by stifling the fumes and steams of every Vice and Passion.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 281. ¶14 It dissipated the Fumes of Sleep, and left me in an instant broad awake.
1761–2 D. Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) IV. lx. 517 The fumes of enthusiasm presently dissipate.
1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. ii. 75 Sometimes his head gets a little hot with the fumes of patriotism.
7.
a. A fit of anger, an irritable or angry mood. Chiefly in phrase in a fume.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > [noun] > fit(s) or outburst(s) of anger
wratha1200
wrethea1400
hatelc1400
angerc1425
braida1450
fumea1529
passion1530
fustian fume1553
ruff1567
pelt1573
spleen1590
blaze1597
huff1599
blustera1616
dog-flawa1625
overboiling1767
explosion1769
squall1807
blowout1825
flare-up1837
fit1841
bust-up1842
wax1854
Scot1859
pelter1861
ructions1862
performance1864
outfling1865
rise1877
detonation1878
flare-out1879
bait1882
paddy1894
paddywhack1899
wingding1927
wing-dinger1933
eppie1987
the mind > emotion > anger > manifestation of anger > [adverb] > in a fit of anger
in a fumea1529
the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > [noun] > fit of
fumea1529
chafe1551
the needle1617
sterks1941
a1529 J. Skelton Why come ye nat to Courte (?1545) 421 In a fume or an hete Wardeyn of the Flete Set hym faste by the fete.
1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale sig. D.iij Softe & pacient, good wordis Tindale: & no furiouse fumes.
1539 R. Taverner Garden of Wysdom sig. D.ii He was in suche fume that he ran vpon the yonge man, to haue beaten hym.
1602 J. Marston Antonios Reuenge i. v. sig. C2v Tis not true valors pride..To stab in fume of blood.
1654 J. Trapp Comm. Neh. iii. 20 He burst out in a heat, being angry both at himself and others..and in an holy fume, finished quickly.
1775 S. Johnson Lett. to Mrs. Thrale 13 June Every now and then a lady in a fume withdraws her name.
a1839 W. M. Praed Poems (1864) II. 96 There's Serjeant Cross, in fume and fret.
1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia VI. xxi. vi. 573 Kaiser Joseph, in a fume at this, shot off an express to Bohemia.
b. One who is apt to ‘get into a fume’. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > irritability > [noun] > irritable person
impatient1502
chafer1598
fume1768
Scot1819
fumer1894
1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey II. 132 The notary's wife was a little fume of a woman.
Compounds
C1. General attributive.
fume-black n.
ΚΠ
1573 Treat. Arte of Limming 6 To make a fume blacke called Sable.
fume-blind adj.
ΚΠ
a1618 J. Sylvester tr. J. Bertaut Parl. Vertues Royall in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Divine Weekes & Workes (1621) 865 A rash Excesse of Courage boiling fell; Whose fume-blind force..Resembless right a sightless Polyphem.
C2. † fume-gallant n. Obsolete (humorously) a smoker.
fume-chamber n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > miscellaneous apparatus
bain1477
speculum1650
filtering paper1651
wheel-fire1662
filter paper1670
sun furnace1763
respirator1789
candle-ball1794
rectifier1822
candle-bomb1823
filter1823
oxyhydrogen blowpipe1823
shade1837
graduator1839
pipette1839
thistle funnel1849
pressure tube1852
ozonizer1858
dialyser1861
Liebig condenser1861
Sprengel pump1866
Sprengel tube1866
water softener1867
mercury pump1869
Bunsen burner1870
dialysator1877
test-mixer1877
tube-condenser1877
Kipp1879
reflux condenser1880
policeman1888
converter1889
pressure boiler1891
spot plate1896
hydrogen electrode1898
sampler1902
reactor1903
fume-chamber1905
Permutit1910
microburner1911
salt bridge1915
precipitator1919
Raschig ring1920
microneedle1921
titrator1928
laboratory coatc1936
spray tower1937
precipitron1938
ion exchanger1941
potentiostat1942
chemostat1950
Knudsen pipette1951
pH-stat1956
cryopump1958
1905 Strand Mag. Apr. 422/1 It is..fitted up with..‘muffles’..fume chambers, [etc.].
1913 Oxf. Univ. Gaz. 4 June 943/2 [Apparatus of the pharmacological laboratory] Fume chamber.
fume-cupboard n.
ΚΠ
1921 A. E. Munby Laboratories 35 Fume cupboards or draught closets..consist of a wood-framed glazed case in which the experiment is performed, with some special means of ventilation.
1938 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 42 744 The bath is placed in a fume cupboard with forced ventilation.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > [noun] > smoker
tobacchian1597
tobacco-taker1599
tobacconist1600
puffer1615
tobacco-fellow1616
tobacconer1616
smoker1617
whiffler1617
fume-gallant1621
whiffera1627
funker1691
tobacco-smoker1848
tobacconalian1854
nicotian1872
tobaccophil1882
coffin dodger1891
tobaccoite1898
tobacco-whiffer-
1621 T. Venner Treat. Tobacco C 4 b Let these fume-gallants enioy their vanity.
fume-hood n.
ΚΠ
1921 A. E. Munby Laboratories 34 Fume hoods on the benches are sometimes provided in the form of a metal or wood tube or boxing with a small hood 9 or 10 ins. square attached to a ventilating trunk in the bench.
1965 Economist 25 Dec. 1437/3 (caption) Fume hood.
fume-pipe n. ventilation contrivances for getting rid of noxious gases generated in laboratory work.
ΚΠ
1921 A. E. Munby Laboratories 44 Fume pipe for benches or lecture table.
fume-worts n. a book-name for plants of the family Fumariaceæ (Lindley Veg. Kingdom 1846, p. 435).
Derivatives
ˈfumeless adj. free from fumes.
ΚΠ
1864 in Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. ; and in later Dicts.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
fumev.
/fjuːm/, U.S. /fjum/ 1. figurative.1785 W. Cowper Task v. 266 They demi-deify and fume him so.† c. To perfume. Obsolete.† d. To preserve by smoking; to smoke-dry (provisions). Obsolete.
a. transitive. To apply smoke or fumes to; to fumigate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > freedom from impurities > removal of impurities > disinfecting > disinfect [verb (transitive)] > fumigate
smokec1000
smeekOE
besmokea1398
fumec1400
suffounge1490
perfume1538
fumifya1704
fumigate1781
stove1805
pastille1846
c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 179 Herwiþ anoynte hise heeris, and firste þou schalt fumie hem wiþ sulphur.
1544 T. Phaer Of Pestilence (1553) L vj a The Egipcyans were wont to fume their houses..with turpentine or rosin.
1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate 108 Succinum..is good..tofume a ship or house in time of infectious aires.
1669 J. Worlidge Systema Agriculturæ (1681) 217 Fuming the holes with Brimstone, Garlick, and other unsavoury things, will drive them out.
1737 Compl. Family-piece (ed. 2) i. v. 267 First fume the Vessel with Brimstone.
b. To perfume with incense; to burn incense before or offer incense to.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > other practices > carry out other practices [verb (transitive)] > burn incense > perfume with or burn incense before person
rechela1200
incense1303
thurifyc1400
censec1405
becensea1622
fume1641
1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 3 They hallow'd it, they fum'd it, they sprincl'd it.
1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Ceyx & Alcyone in Fables 370 She fum'd the Temples with an odrous Flame.
1849–53 D. Rock Church of our Fathers IV. xii. 186 The celebrant..went up to the altar, and..fum'd it all about with incense.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > impart perfume [verb (transitive)]
embalm1447
aromatize1480
fumea1483
incense?1504
fumigate1530
perfume1539
suffume1540
scent1567
aromatizate1576
sweetena1586
suffumigate1599
frot1608
inodorate1623
suffite1657
essencificate1658
essence1675
essencify1707
balmify1733
odoriferize1824
fragrance1854
reperfume1885
smeech1897
a1483 Liber Niger in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 40 That the kings robes, doublettes, shetes & sheortes be fumyd, by all the yere, of the yeoman pothecary.
1592 R. Greene Poems 113 Crisps and scarfs, worn a la morisco, Fumed with sweets.
1607 J. Marston What you Will iii. i Now are the Lawne sheetes fum'd with Vyolets.
1680 T. Shadwell Woman-captain ii, in Wks. (1720) III. 361 Let me have costlier scents, and fume the room.
1740 J. Dyer Ruins of Rome 26 Chian Wines with Incence fum'd.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > pickle or preserve [verb (transitive)] > smoke
reekOE
smudge1599
fume1602
bloat1611
smoke-dry1704
cure1725
smoke1757
baconize1799
1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall i. f. 33 Those [fish] that serue for the hotter Countries of Spaine and Italie, they vsed at first to fume, by..drying them with the smoake of a soft and continuall fire.
1661 J. Evelyn Fumifugium i. 13 If one would hang up Gammons of Bacon, Beefe, or other Flesh to fume, and prepare it in the Chimnies.
e. Photography. To expose to the fumes of ammonia.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > treatment of plates, films, or paper > [verb (transitive)]
mercurialize1843
actinize1844
albumenize1850
sensitize1851
wax1853
develop1859
sensibilize1860
organify1873
back1878
salt1878
excite1879
talc1888
alum1889
bleach1889
fume1890
orthochromatize1890
flash1903
pre-expose1925
hypersensitize1954
panchromatize1960
1890 W. de W. Abney Treat. Photogr. (ed. 6) 164 By fuming the film with the vapour of ammonia..increased vigour is imparted to the print.
1890 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 68 Some say fume ten minutes, and some say an hour.
2. figurative.1620 in E. Farr Sel. Poetry Reign James I (1848) 74 Lust's a fire..Lighting never, ever fuming.1633 G. Herbert Nature in Temple ii If thou shalt let this venome lurk, And in suggestions fume and work.1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge iv. 256 The spiritual essence or soul of Mr. Tappertit would sometimes fume within that precious cask, his body.† b. transitive. To cause to emit fumes. Obsolete. rare.
a. intransitive. To emit fumes, smoke, or vapour.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > [verb (intransitive)] > emit fumes or vapour
breathec1300
fume?1533
vapour1552
steam1614
vaporate1623
rokea1700
smoke1733
outgas1962
off-gas1979
?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Hiii v To fume, fumer.
1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne viii. lxxiv. 156 Like boyling liquor..That fumeth, swelleth hie, and bubbleth fast.
1613 S. Purchas Pilgrimage 539 A Censer is there left fuming all the day and night.
1621 G. Sandys tr. Ovid First Five Bks. Metamorphosis ii. 38 The Poles aboue At either end do fume.
1743 W. Ellis Suppl. to London & Country Brewer (ed. 2) 306 It will make the Drink fret and fume at the Bung.
1785 W. Cowper Task v. 56 A short tube That fumes beneath his nose.
1817 I. D'Israeli Curiosities of Lit. 1st Ser. III. 258 On other occasions, they put burnt old shoes to fume in the censers.
1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 119 The acid appears as a very volatile liquid..fuming in the air.
1878 C. D. Warner In Wilderness vi. 143 The fire sputters and fumes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > [verb (transitive)] > emit as fumes or vapour > cause to emit fumes
fume1652
1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 248 Frankincense being fumed, and candles being lighted.
1666 W. Boghurst Loimographia (1894) 62 Burning or fuming vinegar and rose water.
1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 776 This fuming of the Incense by the Priests..was nothing but a mystical Oblation of those Prayers to God.
3. † b. Of food, wine, etc.: To rise as fumes (to or into the head). Also with up. Obsolete.figurative.1728 J. Thomson Spring 15 Their light Slumbers gently fum'd away, And up they rose.1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 172. ⁋4 The madness of joy will fume away.1853 G. P. R. James Agnes Sorel II. xi. 167 The Gamin spirit fumed off in a metaphor.a1859 T. De Quincey Posthumous Wks. (1891) I. 73 Yet all this marvellous learning fumes away in boyish impertinence.
a. intransitive. Of smoke, a vapour, etc.: To issue, rise, pass off; to rise and pass away.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > [verb (intransitive)] > of vapour, etc.: be emitted, rise, or pass off
to stand upc1300
risea1382
exhalec1400
steam1582
fume1594
suffumigate1599
emanate1818
off-gas1979
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. H1v As smoake..which from discharged Cannon fumes . View more context for this quotation
1595 E. Spenser Colin Clouts come Home Againe sig. D3 Euen such is all their vaunted vanitie, Nought else but smoke, that fumeth soone away.
1628 T. Venner Via Recta (new ed.) x. 208 The vapours..doe slowly fume and ascend to the head.
1643 G. Wither Campo-Musæ 17 Whence, may fume Into thy nostrils, that sweet-smelling savour.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 600 Incense Clouds Fuming from Golden Censers hid the Mount. View more context for this quotation
1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad II. xiv. 67 From it fumes A stifling smell of sulphur.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [verb (intransitive)] > be flatulent
fume1571
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [verb (intransitive)] > of the brain: cloud > cloud the brain
fume1571
the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > qualities or characteristics of wine > [verb (intransitive)] > emit fumes
fume1571
1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (lxxv. 9) Stronge wyne fuminge quickly and strongly into the brayne.
1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke i. ii. 3 He must abstaine from milke, and meates, that fume into the head.
1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 407 One of them when the wine had a little fumed up into the head, began both to speake and doe foolishly.
1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §782 They haue a manner to prepare their Greek-Wines, to keepe them from Fuming and Inebriating.
1669 W. Charleton Mysterie of Vintners in Two Disc. 163 To prevent their fuming up to the head and inebriating.
c. To pass away or off in fumes or vapour. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > [verb (intransitive)] > of vapour, etc.: be emitted, rise, or pass off > pass away as fumes or vapour
vapour1555
fume1715
1715 G. Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig. (ed. 2) i. ii. 73 Their Parts are kept from fumeing away by their fixity.
1867 A. D. Whitney Summer in Leslie Goldthwaite's Life xi. 194 They..did something to it—applied heat, I believe—to drive away the sulphur. That fumed off, and left the rest as promiscuous as before.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > [verb (transitive)] > emit as fumes or vapour
vapourc1430
fume1563
exhalea1628
vaporatea1640
steam1666
outgas1971
off-gas1979
1563 T. Hill Arte Gardening (1593) 38 The snake and Adders..be driuen away with euery sharpe and stincking sauour fumed abroad.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xiv. 67 Some..will..fume out a most stinking..smoke.
1647 J. Trapp Comm. Evangelists & Acts (Matt. xxvii. 36) That golden censer, Christ's body; which through the holes that were made in it..fumed forth a sweet savour.
1700 T. Brown Amusem. Serious & Comical x. 116 Which being Foppishly fumed into their Noses, Eyes, and Ears, has the Vertue to make them Talk.
1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry Bees 213 Otherwise the heat will fume away most of the Scent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [verb (intransitive)] > of the brain: cloud
fumea1616
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) ii. i. 24 Tye vp the Libertine in a field of Feasts, Keepe his Braine fuming . View more context for this quotation
6. figurative.
a. To give way to or exhibit anger or irritation. Often in phrase fume and chafe, fret and fume. Also with up.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (intransitive)] > become angry
wrethec900
wrothc975
abelghec1300
to move one's blood (also mood)c1330
to peck moodc1330
gremec1460
to take firea1513
fumec1522
sourdc1540
spitec1560
to set up the heckle1601
fire1604
exasperate1659
to fire up1779
to flash up1822
to get one's dander up1831
to fly (occasionally jump, etc.) off (at) the handle1832
to have (also get) one's monkey up1833
to cut up rough, rusty, savage1837
rile1837
to go off the handle1839
to flare up1840
to set one's back up1845
to run hot1855
to wax up1859
to get one's rag out1862
blow1871
to get (also have) the pricker1871
to turn up rough1872
to get the needle1874
to blaze up1878
to get wet1898
spunk1898
to see red1901
to go crook1911
to get ignorant1913
to hit the ceiling1914
to hit the roof1921
to blow one's top1928
to lose one's rag1928
to lose one's haira1930
to go up in smoke1933
hackle1935
to have, get a cob on1937
to pop (also blow) one's cork1938
to go hostile1941
to go sparec1942
to do one's bun1944
to lose one's wool1944
to blow one's stack1947
to go (also do) one's (also a) dingerc1950
rear1953
to get on ignorant1956
to go through the roof1958
to keep (also blow, lose) one's cool1964
to lose ita1969
to blow a gasket1975
to throw a wobbler1985
the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > be or become irritated [verb (intransitive)]
enchafec1380
fume and chafec1522
chafe1525
to fret and fume1551
rankle1582
to lose patience, one's temper1622
pique1664
to have no patience with1682
ruffle1719
to be out of the way (with)1740
echinate1792
nettle1810
to get one's dander up1831
to set up one's jay-feathers1880
hackle1935
to get off one's bike1939
c1522 T. More Treat. Memorare Nouissima in Wks. (1557) I. 85 As the fire of the burnyng hyl of Ethna burneth only it self, so doth the enuious parson, fret, fume, & burne in his owne hert.
1535 G. Joye Apol. Tindale 32 The man began to fume and chaafe.
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia i. sig. Eiii He..so fret so fumed & chafed at it.
1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 26 b Though you..chaufe and fume never so much agaynst him.
1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iii. iii. 188 The more conspicuously are their evill deeds discovered: which makes them the more fret and fume.
1676 T. Hobbes tr. Homer Iliads 187 He..fum'd Both for the loss of the good spear he brake, And of the victory he had presum'd.
a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii.10 How much he will fret and fume when he comes to discover the roguery.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxxii. 314 Nicholas, who had been fuming and chafing until he was nearly wild.
1840 W. Irving Ralph Ringwood in Knickerbocker Mag. Sept. 261 I walked up and down the bar-room, fuming with conscious independence and insulted dignity.
1859 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem II. lxxxii. 44 People who would fume up at any intimation that they were indifferent.
1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton v The Lieutenant..was fuming about the yard to rout out the ostler's assistants.
1875 W. S. Hayward Love against World 83 In secret, Jasper fretted and fumed.
1878 M. E. Braddon Open Verdict I. i. 9 Your wisely selfish man knows his own interest too well to fret and fume about trifles.
b. quasi-transitive with a sentence or words as object: to utter irritatedly. Also with away: to pass or spend (time) fuming.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > irritate [verb (transitive)] > spend or pass in irritation
fume1897
the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > irritate [verb (transitive)] > utter in irritated manner
fume1897
1897 W. W. Jacobs Skipper's Wooing xii Glover fumed the afternoon away.
1907 Munsey's Mag. Dec. 392/1 ‘What are you doing—guying us?’ fumed Bailey.
1908 Smart Set Sept. 76/2 ‘Good Gad, Titcomb,’ fumed Parmalee,..‘it's a chamber of horrors.’
Derivatives
fumed adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > smell and odour > fragrance > [adjective]
sweet900
sootc950
aromatic1366
merrya1398
well-smellinga1398
sweet-smellingc1400
lusciousc1420
savoury?a1425
redolingc1429
redolent?a1439
odorate?1440
flagrant1450
redolentc1450
well-savouringc1450
aromatous1483
softa1500
well-aired1505
balmy1508
ambrosiana1522
embalmeda1529
fragrantc1530
perfumed1538
scented?c1562
scented1567
balm-like1569
sweet1573
aromatizate1576
aromatical1578
Sabaeana1586
ambrosial1590
rich1590
perfumed1591
sweet-scented1591
reperfumed1593
balm-breathing1595
nectaredc1595
spiced1600
fuming1601
fumed1612
scentful1612
balsam1624
perfumy1625
odoraminous1656
aroma-olent1657
suaveolent1657
aromatized1661
essenced1675
balsamy1687
flavorous1697
balsamic1714
well-scented1726
scenty1738
breathing1757
spicy1765
flavouriferous1773
aromal1848
bescented1863
euodic1868
nosy1892
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > [adjective] > smoked
reeked1597
smoked1603
fumed1612
bloated1648
smoke-dried1653
struck1895
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > treatment of plates, films, or paper > [adjective]
mercurialized1648
ferro-prussiate1815
sensitive1839
albumen1850
sensitized1851
bromized1853
waxed1853
salted1855
collodionized1859
collodioned1870
colour-sensitive1879
colour-sensitized1888
unsensitized1889
fumed1890
silvered1890
unfumed1891
orthochromatized1902
backed1906
hypersensitized1914
hypersensitive1937
1612 J. Webster White Divel v. iv Isabella..was impoisoned By a fumed picture.
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary iii. ii. iv. 96 They exported..pickeld and fumed Herrings.
1890 W. E. Woodbury Encycl. Photogr. 308 Fumed paper should be used within a day or two after fuming.
fumed oak n. oak which has been darkened by exposure to ammonia vapour (cf. fumé adj. b and fumigated adj. at fumigate v. Derivatives).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > oak > fumed
fumed oak1902
1902 Idler Nov. 255 Bookcase in Fumed Oak.
1910 Encycl. Brit. XI. 301/1 ‘Fumigated’ or ‘fumed’ oak.
1915 T. Burke Nights in Town 110 There is one of those ubiquitous fumed-oak bookcases.
1936 Punch 23 Dec. 726/2 But Mrs. Twankey and her son Jack now live..in a semi-detached villa, where their fumed-oak sideboard and brown plush drawing-room suite are the envy of all their neighbours.
1936 N. Coward To-night at 8.30 ii. 33 (title) Fumed oak. A comedy in two scenes.
1936 N. Coward To-night at 8.30 ii. 35 There is a fumed oak dining-room suite consisting of a table, and six chairs.
1936 N. Coward To-night at 8.30 ii. 61 They knew there was a bit more to it [sc. life] than refinement and fumed oak and lace curtains.
1958 B. White Remodelling Old Furnit. vi. 140 Fumed oak should be coated with clear polish.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.?a1400v.c1400- kidney disease
- kidney dressing-table
- kidney dressingtable
- kidney fat
- kidney fern
- kidney form
- kidney graft
- kidney machine
- kidney ore
- kidney potato
- kidney punch
- kidney soup
- kidney stone
- kidney substance
- kidney suet
- kidney table
- kidney worm
- kidney-cotton
- kidney-fetch
- kidney-form
- kidney-iron ore
- kidney-link
- kidney-lipped
- kidney-paved
- kidney-pie