fulminationn.

Brit.

/ˌfʊlmᵻˈneɪʃn/,

/ˌfʌlmᵻˈneɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌfʊlməˈneɪʃən/,

/ˌfəlməˈneɪʃən/

Forms: 1500s fulminacion, 1500s fulmynacyon, 1500s– fulmination.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French fulmination; Latin fulminātiōn-, fulminātiō.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French fulminacion, fulmination (French fulmination ) condemnation (end of the 14th cent.; 1406 with specific reference to the formal pronouncement of a censure), action of thunder and lightning (a1417), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin fulminātiōn-, fulminātiō falling of a thunderbolt, in post-classical Latin also pronouncement (of threat or sentence) (from c1400 in British sources), (in alchemy) a stage in the purification of metal (1553 or earlier; 1652 in a British glossarial source), violently explosive decomposition or combustion (1651 in the passage translated in quot. 1651 at sense 4) < fulmināt- , past participial stem of fulmināre fulminate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare earlier fulminate v.Compare Spanish fulminación (early 16th cent.), Italian fulminazione (early 14th cent.).

1. Formal pronouncement of an (originally pontifical or ecclesiastical) condemnation or censure; an instance of this. Hence: a violent denunciation or diatribe; an outburst of indignation; (as a mass noun) invective, vituperation.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > excommunication > [noun]

mansingOE

amansingOE

cursing?c1120

malloka1400

malediction1447

sequestrationa1450

comminationa1464

excommengement1495

excommuny1502

fulmination1502

excommunicationa1513

aggravation1531

anathematization1547

anathemization1549

anathema1565

anathemea1575

anathematical1583

anathematizing1593

sequestering1620

excommunion1641

dischurching1644

excision1647

excommunicating1648

unchurching1655

consecration1700

innodation1731

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > denunciation > [noun] > violent

thunderc1380

fulmination1502

thunderbolt1559

thundering1564

thunder-crack1577

thunder-clap1610

thunder-blast1884

1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iv. viii. sig. t.iii ^v For the twenty fulmynacyons that they make at this daye comenly.

1532–3 Act 24 Henry VIII c. 12 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 428 The said fulminacions of any the same interdiccions.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 730/1 Such censures proceede from Antichrist, the which censures, in their processes they doo call Fulminations or Lightninges.

1606 in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1848) (modernized text) I. 63 Their protestation against the Pope's fulmination.

1618 T. Gainsford Glory Eng. i. viii. 61 Now the Pope and Austria..vnder the danger of fulmination, and Church discipline terrifie them all from contradicting their wilfulnes.

1689 T. Plunket Char. Good Commander 41/1 Their Bulls, nor Fulminations (as we see) Can terrify, nor yet discourage thee.

1714 J. Ayliffe Antient & Present State Univ. Oxf. I. i. 206 Hereupon the University was again oblig'd to have Recourse to the dire Fulmination of another Commercial Interdict.

1725 D. Cotes tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 17th Cent. I. v. 190 Excommunication is not denounc'd till after the Fulmination of the Aggrave [sc. a warning given prior to excommunication].

1743 Gentleman's Mag. June 86/2 The Troops of no Prince of the Empire dare or will act against the Emperor, for fear of subjecting that Prince to whom they belong, to the Fulminations of the Imperial Power.

1797 Encycl. Brit. VI. 639/2 As the clergy were concerned in this affair, they attempted to silence their antagonists by ecclesiastical fulminations against them.

1803 Crit. Rev. June 123 The everlasting verdure of Homer's laurels had nothing to fear from the fulminations of ancient criticism.

1845 H. Rogers Ess. I. iii. 122 Awaiting the fulmination of the bull.

1861 C. Fox Jrnls. II. 280 John Bright is great fun, always ready for a chat and a fulmination.

1904 F. Rolfe Hadrian VII x. 189 Each one suspected his neighbour of being a ‘traitor to the Cause’ whose treachery had taken the form of urging his comrades corporately to attract the pontifical fulmination.

1934 Rotarian June 8/1 Mere fulmination against ‘war’, therefore, gets us nowhere.

1968 G. Daws Shoal of Time ii. 53 Schaëffer filled his journal with fulminations against the villainy of the American traders.

2014 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 7 Dec. The anti-Western fulminations that have become a fixture in Mr. Putin's repertoire were there in force.

†2. Metallurgy. The sudden production of a bright appearance in a metal during refining. Cf. fulguration n. 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > refining > methods of

calcinationc1386

calciningc1386

liquation1471

fulmination1617

cupelling1644

decrepitating1662

decrepitation1669

fulguration1676

concentration1689

cupellationa1691

scorification1755

affination1851

thermite process1905

zone melting1952

zone refining1952

zone levelling1953

1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate Termes 343 Fulmination..is a metallicall gradation, with excoction to an absolute perfection in Cineritio, whose purity is declared by an effulgent splendor.

1635 D. Person Varieties v. 43 Take of..Solis the best sort refined by frequent fulmination, and drawne forth in most thinne plates or pieces, one ounce.

1730 P. Shaw tr. G. E. Stahl Philos. Princ. Universal Chem. ii. 269 The principal Operations are Incoction,..and lastly the Act of Fulmination [L. Actus Fulminatorius], or procuring a Splendor to the Metal.

3. The action of thunder and lightning; thundering; lightening; an instance of this. Also in figurative contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > bursting violently from rest or restraint > instance of

outbreakinga1387

breaking-out1552

outbreak1562

eruption1598

storm1602

out-breach1609

fulmination1623

outflying1641

outburst1657

float1763

overboiling1767

irruption1811

gush1821

outflash1831

outflush1834

shooting forth1837

outbursting1838

blow-off1842

outblaze1843

upburst1843

upthrow1855

upbreak1856

spurt1859

outlash1868

spitfire1886

Brock's benefit1948

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Fulmination, thundring.

1687 C. Nicholets Dissenters Jubilee 39 God hath been a long time speaking to us from the Fulminations of Mount Sinai.

1799 G. Walker Vagabond I. iii. 48 The old fellows thinking their places in danger, and alarmed at the thunders of reason and the fulminations of science, expelled me the college.

1807 J. Barlow Columbiad vii. 267 Flames, triple tier'd, and tides of smoke, arise, And fulminations rock the seas and skies.

1869 R. Browning Ring & Bk. III. ix. 203 Saint Paul..Deplored the check o' the puny presence, still Cheating his fulmination of its flash.

1869 E. M. Goulburn Pursuit of Holiness 96 He [sc. God] beats down with His fulminations the old idols of prejudice.

1905 D. English Beasties Courageous 119 A hissing, splitting fulmination, and the great ivied alder crashed into the stream.

1967 J. A. Baker Peregrine i. 14 The memory of a certain fulmination or declension of light that was unique to that time and that place on that day.

2000 Rotarian May 13/1 Man-made noise pales in comparison when considering the fulmination of underwater volcanoes.

†4. Chemistry. Violently explosive decomposition or combustion; detonation; an instance of this. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sudden or violent sound > explosive sound > [noun]

clapc1440

back-blast1577

bouncea1616

blast1635

fulminating1651

fulmination1651

detonation1677

blow1694

explosion1736

bursting1771

blowing up1772

blowing1799

blow-up1807

pong1823

chunk-chunk1898

chunking1902

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > bursting violently from rest or restraint > exploding

fulminating1648

fulmination1651

exploding1790

air-burst1917

1651 J. French tr. J. R. Glauber Descr. New Philos. Furnaces ii. 85 If you mixe the Aurum fulminans with some salt nitre, before fulmination [L. fulminationem], then the flores will be the more soluble.

1766 W. Hamilton in Philos. Trans. 1765 (Royal Soc.) 55 176 Mariotte..calls these bubbles [in boiling water] fulminations.

1794 J. Hutton Diss. Philos. Light 232 Another species of explosion, which has been termed fulmination.

1801 tr. M. J. Brisson Physical Princ. Chem. 404 This is what takes place in the inflammation of gun-powder, as well as in the fulmination of gold.., and of fulminating silver.

1922 Brit. Chem Abstr. B 16 3888 This fulmination occurs spontaneously but is quite harmless.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	fulmination
释义	fulminationn. Brit. /ˌfʊlmᵻˈneɪʃn/, /ˌfʌlmᵻˈneɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌfʊlməˈneɪʃən/, /ˌfəlməˈneɪʃən/ Forms: 1500s fulminacion, 1500s fulmynacyon, 1500s– fulmination. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French fulmination; Latin fulminātiōn-, fulminātiō. Etymology: < (i) Middle French fulminacion, fulmination (French fulmination ) condemnation (end of the 14th cent.; 1406 with specific reference to the formal pronouncement of a censure), action of thunder and lightning (a1417), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin fulminātiōn-, fulminātiō falling of a thunderbolt, in post-classical Latin also pronouncement (of threat or sentence) (from c1400 in British sources), (in alchemy) a stage in the purification of metal (1553 or earlier; 1652 in a British glossarial source), violently explosive decomposition or combustion (1651 in the passage translated in quot. 1651 at sense 4) < fulmināt- , past participial stem of fulmināre fulminate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare earlier fulminate v.Compare Spanish fulminación (early 16th cent.), Italian fulminazione (early 14th cent.). 1. Formal pronouncement of an (originally pontifical or ecclesiastical) condemnation or censure; an instance of this. Hence: a violent denunciation or diatribe; an outburst of indignation; (as a mass noun) invective, vituperation. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > excommunication > [noun] mansingOE amansingOE cursing?c1120 malloka1400 malediction1447 sequestrationa1450 comminationa1464 excommengement1495 excommuny1502 fulmination1502 excommunicationa1513 aggravation1531 anathematization1547 anathemization1549 anathema1565 anathemea1575 anathematical1583 anathematizing1593 sequestering1620 excommunion1641 dischurching1644 excision1647 excommunicating1648 unchurching1655 consecration1700 innodation1731 the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > denunciation > [noun] > violent thunderc1380 fulmination1502 thunderbolt1559 thundering1564 thunder-crack1577 thunder-clap1610 thunder-blast1884 1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iv. viii. sig. t.iii ^v For the twenty fulmynacyons that they make at this daye comenly. 1532–3 Act 24 Henry VIII c. 12 in Statutes of Realm (1963) III. 428 The said fulminacions of any the same interdiccions. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 730/1 Such censures proceede from Antichrist, the which censures, in their processes they doo call Fulminations or Lightninges. 1606 in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1848) (modernized text) I. 63 Their protestation against the Pope's fulmination. 1618 T. Gainsford Glory Eng. i. viii. 61 Now the Pope and Austria..vnder the danger of fulmination, and Church discipline terrifie them all from contradicting their wilfulnes. 1689 T. Plunket Char. Good Commander 41/1 Their Bulls, nor Fulminations (as we see) Can terrify, nor yet discourage thee. 1714 J. Ayliffe Antient & Present State Univ. Oxf. I. i. 206 Hereupon the University was again oblig'd to have Recourse to the dire Fulmination of another Commercial Interdict. 1725 D. Cotes tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 17th Cent. I. v. 190 Excommunication is not denounc'd till after the Fulmination of the Aggrave [sc. a warning given prior to excommunication]. 1743 Gentleman's Mag. June 86/2 The Troops of no Prince of the Empire dare or will act against the Emperor, for fear of subjecting that Prince to whom they belong, to the Fulminations of the Imperial Power. 1797 Encycl. Brit. VI. 639/2 As the clergy were concerned in this affair, they attempted to silence their antagonists by ecclesiastical fulminations against them. 1803 Crit. Rev. June 123 The everlasting verdure of Homer's laurels had nothing to fear from the fulminations of ancient criticism. 1845 H. Rogers Ess. I. iii. 122 Awaiting the fulmination of the bull. 1861 C. Fox Jrnls. II. 280 John Bright is great fun, always ready for a chat and a fulmination. 1904 F. Rolfe Hadrian VII x. 189 Each one suspected his neighbour of being a ‘traitor to the Cause’ whose treachery had taken the form of urging his comrades corporately to attract the pontifical fulmination. 1934 Rotarian June 8/1 Mere fulmination against ‘war’, therefore, gets us nowhere. 1968 G. Daws Shoal of Time ii. 53 Schaëffer filled his journal with fulminations against the villainy of the American traders. 2014 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 7 Dec. The anti-Western fulminations that have become a fixture in Mr. Putin's repertoire were there in force. †2. Metallurgy. The sudden production of a bright appearance in a metal during refining. Cf. fulguration n. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > refining > methods of calcinationc1386 calciningc1386 liquation1471 fulmination1617 cupelling1644 decrepitating1662 decrepitation1669 fulguration1676 concentration1689 cupellationa1691 scorification1755 affination1851 thermite process1905 zone melting1952 zone refining1952 zone levelling1953 1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate Termes 343 Fulmination..is a metallicall gradation, with excoction to an absolute perfection in Cineritio, whose purity is declared by an effulgent splendor. 1635 D. Person Varieties v. 43 Take of..Solis the best sort refined by frequent fulmination, and drawne forth in most thinne plates or pieces, one ounce. 1730 P. Shaw tr. G. E. Stahl Philos. Princ. Universal Chem. ii. 269 The principal Operations are Incoction,..and lastly the Act of Fulmination [L. Actus Fulminatorius], or procuring a Splendor to the Metal. 3. The action of thunder and lightning; thundering; lightening; an instance of this. Also in figurative contexts. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > bursting violently from rest or restraint > instance of outbreakinga1387 breaking-out1552 outbreak1562 eruption1598 storm1602 out-breach1609 fulmination1623 outflying1641 outburst1657 float1763 overboiling1767 irruption1811 gush1821 outflash1831 outflush1834 shooting forth1837 outbursting1838 blow-off1842 outblaze1843 upburst1843 upthrow1855 upbreak1856 spurt1859 outlash1868 spitfire1886 Brock's benefit1948 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Fulmination, thundring. 1687 C. Nicholets Dissenters Jubilee 39 God hath been a long time speaking to us from the Fulminations of Mount Sinai. 1799 G. Walker Vagabond I. iii. 48 The old fellows thinking their places in danger, and alarmed at the thunders of reason and the fulminations of science, expelled me the college. 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad vii. 267 Flames, triple tier'd, and tides of smoke, arise, And fulminations rock the seas and skies. 1869 R. Browning Ring & Bk. III. ix. 203 Saint Paul..Deplored the check o' the puny presence, still Cheating his fulmination of its flash. 1869 E. M. Goulburn Pursuit of Holiness 96 He [sc. God] beats down with His fulminations the old idols of prejudice. 1905 D. English Beasties Courageous 119 A hissing, splitting fulmination, and the great ivied alder crashed into the stream. 1967 J. A. Baker Peregrine i. 14 The memory of a certain fulmination or declension of light that was unique to that time and that place on that day. 2000 Rotarian May 13/1 Man-made noise pales in comparison when considering the fulmination of underwater volcanoes. †4. Chemistry. Violently explosive decomposition or combustion; detonation; an instance of this. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > sudden or violent sound > explosive sound > [noun] clapc1440 back-blast1577 bouncea1616 blast1635 fulminating1651 fulmination1651 detonation1677 blow1694 explosion1736 bursting1771 blowing up1772 blowing1799 blow-up1807 pong1823 chunk-chunk1898 chunking1902 the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > [noun] > bursting violently from rest or restraint > exploding fulminating1648 fulmination1651 exploding1790 air-burst1917 1651 J. French tr. J. R. Glauber Descr. New Philos. Furnaces ii. 85 If you mixe the Aurum fulminans with some salt nitre, before fulmination [L. fulminationem], then the flores will be the more soluble. 1766 W. Hamilton in Philos. Trans. 1765 (Royal Soc.) 55 176 Mariotte..calls these bubbles [in boiling water] fulminations. 1794 J. Hutton Diss. Philos. Light 232 Another species of explosion, which has been termed fulmination. 1801 tr. M. J. Brisson Physical Princ. Chem. 404 This is what takes place in the inflammation of gun-powder, as well as in the fulmination of gold.., and of fulminating silver. 1922 Brit. Chem Abstr. B 16 3888 This fulmination occurs spontaneously but is quite harmless. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1502
随便看	reoccupy reoccupying reoccur reoccurred reoccurrence reoccurrences reoccurring reoccurs reod reof reoffend reoffended reoffender reoffending reoffending rate reoffends reoffer reoffered reoffering reoffers reopen reopened reopener reopener clause reopeners