† frithborhn.

Forms: Also frithborg, frithburg, frichborgh, fridburgh, friborg(h, friburg(h, fribourg, freoborg, freeborgh.

Etymology: Old English *friðborh lit. ‘peace-pledge’: see frith n.¹ and borrow n.; the word, though found in no document earlier than the spurious ‘Laws of Edward the Confessor’ (apparently the source of all the later statements on the subject), is certainly genuine. A mistranslation of the corrupt form friborg , freoborg gave rise to the later name frank-pledge n.

Law. Only Old English and Historical.

The Old English name for frank-pledge n.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal obligation > bond or recognizance > requiring or giving legal security > [noun] > being legal surety for another > mutual, in tithing

tenmantale1130

frithborha1200

frank-pledge1633

a1200 Laws of Edw. Conf. (Schmid) c. 20 Preamble Alia pax maxima est, per quam omnes firmiori statu sustentantur; scilicet fidejussionis stabilitate, quam Angli vocant frið~borgas, præter Eboracenses, qui vocant eam tenmanne tale.

a1200 Laws of Edw. Conf. c. 20. §3 and caps. 21, 29 [other texts read fri-, freo-].

c1290 Fleta (1647) i. xlvii. §10 62 Frichborgh.

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. X3^v/1 Deciners..signifieth..such as were wont to haue the ouersight and checke of ten friburgs, for the maintenance of the kings peace.

a1641 H. Spelman Anc. Govt. Eng. in Reliquiæ Spelmannianæ (1698) 51 Every Hundred was divided into many Freeborgs or Tithings..,which stood all bound one for the other.

1747 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. I. 311 Appeals from the decisions of particular friborghs.

1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII I. ii. 64 A tything, decennary, or fribourg.

1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. §41. 87 The association of ten men in common responsibility legally embodied in the frithborh or frankpledge.

Draft additions June 2013

frithborh-head n. the headman of a frithborh or frank-pledge; cf. thirdborough n., headborough n., borrow-head n.¹Quot. 1873 is a translation of quot. c1200.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > parish official > [noun] > tithingman or headborough

tithingmanlOE

frithborh-headc1200

headborough1375

thirdborough?c1475

frank-pledgec1503

borsholder1536

borrow-head1581

decurion1591

decener1607

chief-pledge1630

dean1647

c1200 ( Leges Edwardi Confessoris: Version 1 (BL Add.) xx. §3 in F. Liebermann Gesetze der Angelsachsen (1903) I. 646 In omni friþborga unus erit capitalis, quem ipsi uocant friþborge haued [a1175 Holkham friborge heued, c1175 Paris friborges heued, c1185 Rawl. friborghes heued, c1300 Harl. 746 fridborg heued].

1784 G. Sharp Acct. Anc. Div. Eng. Nation into Hundreds & Tithings 9 In every Freeborough (or Tithing) there was one Chief whom they called Freeborough Head, (Freoborges Heofod, i.e. Head-borough or Tithingman).

1873 Transl. Documents Untranslated in Mr. Stubbs' Coll. 9 There is in every frithborg one headman who is called the frithborg head.

a1884 H. Lewis Anc. Laws Wales (1892) ii. iii. 304 As the tithingman of head of the vill became confounded with the tithingman or head of a decenna, so did the headborough, or borowhead , with the frith-borh head or borghye-ealdre.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	frithborh
释义	† frithborhn. Forms: Also frithborg, frithburg, frichborgh, fridburgh, friborg(h, friburg(h, fribourg, freoborg, freeborgh. Etymology: Old English friðborh lit. ‘peace-pledge’: see frith n.¹ and borrow n.; the word, though found in no document earlier than the spurious ‘Laws of Edward the Confessor’ (apparently the source of all the later statements on the subject), is certainly genuine. A mistranslation of the corrupt form friborg* , freoborg gave rise to the later name frank-pledge n. Law. Only Old English and Historical. The Old English name for frank-pledge n. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal obligation > bond or recognizance > requiring or giving legal security > [noun] > being legal surety for another > mutual, in tithing tenmantale1130 frithborha1200 frank-pledge1633 a1200 Laws of Edw. Conf. (Schmid) c. 20 Preamble Alia pax maxima est, per quam omnes firmiori statu sustentantur; scilicet fidejussionis stabilitate, quam Angli vocant frið~borgas, præter Eboracenses, qui vocant eam tenmanne tale. a1200 Laws of Edw. Conf. c. 20. §3 and caps. 21, 29 [other texts read fri-, freo-]. c1290 Fleta (1647) i. xlvii. §10 62 Frichborgh. 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. X3^v/1 Deciners..signifieth..such as were wont to haue the ouersight and checke of ten friburgs, for the maintenance of the kings peace. a1641 H. Spelman Anc. Govt. Eng. in Reliquiæ Spelmannianæ (1698) 51 Every Hundred was divided into many Freeborgs or Tithings..,which stood all bound one for the other. 1747 T. Carte Gen. Hist. Eng. I. 311 Appeals from the decisions of particular friborghs. 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII I. ii. 64 A tything, decennary, or fribourg. 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. §41. 87 The association of ten men in common responsibility legally embodied in the frithborh or frankpledge. Draft additions June 2013 frithborh-head n. the headman of a frithborh or frank-pledge; cf. thirdborough n., headborough n., borrow-head n.¹Quot. 1873 is a translation of quot. c1200. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > parish official > [noun] > tithingman or headborough tithingmanlOE frithborh-headc1200 headborough1375 thirdborough?c1475 frank-pledgec1503 borsholder1536 borrow-head1581 decurion1591 decener1607 chief-pledge1630 dean1647 c1200 ( Leges Edwardi Confessoris: Version 1 (BL Add.) xx. §3 in F. Liebermann Gesetze der Angelsachsen (1903) I. 646 In omni friþborga unus erit capitalis, quem ipsi uocant friþborge haued [a1175 Holkham friborge heued, c1175 Paris friborges heued, c1185 Rawl. friborghes heued, c1300 Harl. 746 fridborg heued]. 1784 G. Sharp Acct. Anc. Div. Eng. Nation into Hundreds & Tithings 9 In every Freeborough (or Tithing) there was one Chief whom they called Freeborough Head, (Freoborges Heofod, i.e. Head-borough or Tithingman). 1873 Transl. Documents Untranslated in Mr. Stubbs' Coll. 9 There is in every frithborg one headman who is called the frithborg head. a1884 H. Lewis Anc. Laws Wales (1892) ii. iii. 304 As the tithingman of head of the vill became confounded with the tithingman or head of a decenna, so did the headborough, or borowhead , with the frith-borh head or borghye-ealdre. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1200
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