gainsayn.

/ˈɡeɪnseɪ/

Etymology: < gainsay v.; compare gainsaw (gain- prefix 1).

†a. A matter of dispute, a moot question. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > putting forward for discussion > [noun] > matter for discussion

questionc1225

pointc1300

propositiona1382

conclusion1393

positiona1398

motivec1400

move1439

gainsay1559

moot point1563

argumenta1568

prop1607

contention1635

corollary1636

hypothesis1669

discursivea1676

contestation1880

submission1884

1559 Cox in J. Strype Ann. Reformation I. App. xxii. 60 The matter of images hath always been a gainsay sith they entred first into the Church.

b. Contradiction.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [noun]

gainsayingc1330

assoilinga1382

improvingc1443

unprovingc1449

lancing1470

redarguation?c1500

confutationa1530

redargution1529

reproof1529

confusion1530

disproof1531

reprehension1531

reproving1535

refutation?1536

improbation1556

refuting1563

disproving1587

conviction1593

infringement1593

refutal1599

gainsay1602

eviction1606

convincement1612

disproval1614

confutinga1617

improof1641

confutement1645

confute1646

refute1646

disprovement1662

reviction1677

invalidatinga1716

invalidation1771

rebutment1823

rebuttal1831

disconfirmation1937

1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 317 To allow, admit, ratifie and confirme without all gainesay, controlment, or contradiction.

1820 W. Irving Legend Sleepy Hollow in Sketch Bk. vi. 77 He..was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal.

1889 F. Hall in Nation (N.Y.) 49 334/2 He has, beyond gainsay, established his intrepidity, if nothing else.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

gainsayv.

Brit.

/ˌɡeɪnˈseɪ/,

/ˈɡeɪnseɪ/, U.S.

/ˌɡeɪnˈseɪ/

Inflections: gainsaying, gainsaid, (rarely) gainsayed;

Etymology: < gain- prefix 1 + say v.¹ Now a purely literary word, and slightly archaic. The stress is even or variable; the verbal noun is commonly ˈgainsaying. In gainsaid the last syllable is usually /-sɛd/.

1. transitive. To deny.

ΚΠ

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 154 If he it geynsay, I wille proue it on him.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 883 All þis may scho noght gain say.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. i. 8 Yf it happene that y^e said aduersarye delyuer deffences & wyll gaynsaye it.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 560/1 If I have sayd it I wyll nat gayne saye it.

?1577 F. T. Debate Pride & Lowlines sig. Bvi^v That this is true and may not be denyed, I wyll auerre, and yf he it gayne say, I am content by verdict it be tryed.

a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) i. viii. §1. 55 He, which dare gain-say a thing so generally received.

1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 113 He that gainsays the truth of this, must lie against his soul.

1728 T. Sheridan tr. Persius Satyrs (1739) vi. 91 Gainsay it if you dare.

1826 E. Irving Babylon II. vii. 168 Whether he will in person appear..we dare neither say nor gainsay.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 555 Facts which cannot be gainsayed.

1874 G. W. Dasent Tales from Fjeld 350 So when the Sheriff asked him Matt did not gainsay that he had slain the parson.

2. To speak against, contradict.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > refute, disprove [verb (transitive)]

answerOE

bitavelena1225

allayc1275

confoundc1384

concludea1400

conclusea1400

forblenda1400

gainsaya1400

rejag1402

to bear downc1405

redarguea1425

repugn?a1425

reverse?c1430

improvec1443

reprovea1513

dissolve1529

revince1529

convince1530

confute1533

refel1534

refute1545

void1570

evict1583

infringe1590

reprehend1597

revert1598

evince1608

repel1613

to take off1618

unbubblea1640

invalid1643

invalidate1649

remove1652

retund1653

effronta1657

dispute1659

unreason1661

have1680

demolish1691

to blow sky-high1819

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 14817 Nane man may him gaine-sagh.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 2086 Bot oft tymes schortely him gainsayed.

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 506 Not we onelye do gaynesay you, but the whole authority of Gods Testament doth determine agaynst you.

1692 J. Locke 3rd Let. for Toleration x. 335 And that certainly you may think safely, and without fear of being gainsaid.

1743 R. Blair Grave 14 The Grave gainsays the smooth-complexion'd Flatt'ry, And with blunt Truth acquaints us what we are.

1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) i. viii. 374 We have evidence that can scarcely be gainsaid.

3. To speak or act against, oppose, hinder.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)]

withgo743

to go again ——OE

withsayc1175

again-goc1275

withsitc1300

thwarta1325

to go against ——a1382

counter1382

repugnc1384

adversea1393

craba1400

gainsaya1400

movec1400

overthwart?a1425

to put (also set) one's face againsta1425

traversea1425

contrairc1425

to take again ——c1425

contraryc1430

to take against ——a1450

opposec1485

again-seta1500

gain?a1500

oppone1500

transverse1532

to come up against1535

heave at1546

to be against1549

encounter1549

to set shoulder against1551

to fly in the face of1553

crossc1555

to cross with1590

countermand1592

forstand1599

opposit1600

thorter1608

obviate1609

disputea1616

obstrigillate1623

contradict1632

avert1635

to set one's hand against1635

top1641

militate1642

to come across ——1653

contrariate1656

to cross upon (or on)1661

shock1667

clash1685

rencounter1689

obtend1697

counteract1708

oppugnate1749

retroact?1761

controvert1782

react1795

to set against ——1859

appose-

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 5769 Þat þei not ȝein seye [Vesp. sai agains, Gött. say again] my sonde wiþ my tokenes þou shalt hem fonde.

c1440 York Myst. x. 198 My lord god will I noght gayne-saye.

1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xxxviii. 143 That wold hem lete or gaynsey thentre therof.

1550 R. Crowley Way to Wealth sig. Biii No man durste gaine saye your doinges for feare of displeasure.

1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 26 The waters..gainesaid and put a period to their further progresses.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1158 Too facil then thou didst not much gainsay, Nay, didst permit, approve, and fair dismiss.

1771 J. Beattie Minstrel: Bk. 1st li. 26 Or shall frail man Heaven's dread decree gainsay.

1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. ii. 37 Yet be ruled, dearest father,..and submit to that which we cannot gainsay.

1852 M. Arnold Empedocles on Etna, & Other Poems i. ii Why is it, that still Man..believes Nature outraged if his will's gainsaid?

4. To refuse. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)]

warnc897

willeOE

forbidc1000

warnc1000

willOE

asake1250

withsay1297

gainsayc1330

recusea1387

naitc1390

to say naya1393

again-say?a1400

denyc1400

withnayc1400

biwern1413

refuse?1435

resist1539

detrect1542

renege1545

detract1572

waive1642

declinea1691

nay-say1762

nay-saya1774

nix1903

off1908

ixnay1937

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 9 Kynewolf..toke þe feaute of þe kynges alle..Bot of Kent and Lyndesay and Northumberland. Þise þre kynges geynsaid it hym.

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Ei ^v To be gainsayeng, & refusyng good counsayle.

1575 R. B. Apius & Virginia sig. Biv Would I gainsay hir tender skinne, to baath where I do washe?

1667 S. Pepys Diary 26 Apr. (1974) VIII. 181 It is not in his nature to gainsay anything that relates to his pleasures.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	gainsay
释义	gainsayn. /ˈɡeɪnseɪ/ Etymology: < gainsay v.; compare gainsaw (gain- prefix 1). †a. A matter of dispute, a moot question. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > putting forward for discussion > [noun] > matter for discussion questionc1225 pointc1300 propositiona1382 conclusion1393 positiona1398 motivec1400 move1439 gainsay1559 moot point1563 argumenta1568 prop1607 contention1635 corollary1636 hypothesis1669 discursivea1676 contestation1880 submission1884 1559 Cox in J. Strype Ann. Reformation I. App. xxii. 60 The matter of images hath always been a gainsay sith they entred first into the Church. b. Contradiction. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > [noun] gainsayingc1330 assoilinga1382 improvingc1443 unprovingc1449 lancing1470 redarguation?c1500 confutationa1530 redargution1529 reproof1529 confusion1530 disproof1531 reprehension1531 reproving1535 refutation?1536 improbation1556 refuting1563 disproving1587 conviction1593 infringement1593 refutal1599 gainsay1602 eviction1606 convincement1612 disproval1614 confutinga1617 improof1641 confutement1645 confute1646 refute1646 disprovement1662 reviction1677 invalidatinga1716 invalidation1771 rebutment1823 rebuttal1831 disconfirmation1937 1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 317 To allow, admit, ratifie and confirme without all gainesay, controlment, or contradiction. 1820 W. Irving Legend Sleepy Hollow in Sketch Bk. vi. 77 He..was the umpire in all disputes, setting his hat on one side, and giving his decisions with an air and tone that admitted of no gainsay or appeal. 1889 F. Hall in Nation (N.Y.) 49 334/2 He has, beyond gainsay, established his intrepidity, if nothing else. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2021). gainsayv. Brit. /ˌɡeɪnˈseɪ/, /ˈɡeɪnseɪ/, U.S. /ˌɡeɪnˈseɪ/ Inflections: gainsaying, gainsaid, (rarely) gainsayed; Etymology: < gain- prefix 1 + say v.¹ Now a purely literary word, and slightly archaic. The stress is even or variable; the verbal noun is commonly ˈgainsaying. In gainsaid the last syllable is usually /-sɛd/. 1. transitive. To deny. ΚΠ c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 154 If he it geynsay, I wille proue it on him. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 883 All þis may scho noght gain say. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. i. 8 Yf it happene that y^e said aduersarye delyuer deffences & wyll gaynsaye it. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 560/1 If I have sayd it I wyll nat gayne saye it. ?1577 F. T. Debate Pride & Lowlines sig. Bvi^v That this is true and may not be denyed, I wyll auerre, and yf he it gayne say, I am content by verdict it be tryed. a1620 M. Fotherby Atheomastix (1622) i. viii. §1. 55 He, which dare gain-say a thing so generally received. 1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 113 He that gainsays the truth of this, must lie against his soul. View more context for this quotation 1728 T. Sheridan tr. Persius Satyrs (1739) vi. 91 Gainsay it if you dare. 1826 E. Irving Babylon II. vii. 168 Whether he will in person appear..we dare neither say nor gainsay. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 555 Facts which cannot be gainsayed. 1874 G. W. Dasent Tales from Fjeld 350 So when the Sheriff asked him Matt did not gainsay that he had slain the parson. 2. To speak against, contradict. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > refute, disprove [verb (transitive)] answerOE bitavelena1225 allayc1275 confoundc1384 concludea1400 conclusea1400 forblenda1400 gainsaya1400 rejag1402 to bear downc1405 redarguea1425 repugn?a1425 reverse?c1430 improvec1443 reprovea1513 dissolve1529 revince1529 convince1530 confute1533 refel1534 refute1545 void1570 evict1583 infringe1590 reprehend1597 revert1598 evince1608 repel1613 to take off1618 unbubblea1640 invalid1643 invalidate1649 remove1652 retund1653 effronta1657 dispute1659 unreason1661 have1680 demolish1691 to blow sky-high1819 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 14817 Nane man may him gaine-sagh. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 2086 Bot oft tymes schortely him gainsayed. 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 506 Not we onelye do gaynesay you, but the whole authority of Gods Testament doth determine agaynst you. 1692 J. Locke 3rd Let. for Toleration x. 335 And that certainly you may think safely, and without fear of being gainsaid. 1743 R. Blair Grave 14 The Grave gainsays the smooth-complexion'd Flatt'ry, And with blunt Truth acquaints us what we are. 1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) i. viii. 374 We have evidence that can scarcely be gainsaid. 3. To speak or act against, oppose, hinder. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] withgo743 to go again ——OE withsayc1175 again-goc1275 withsitc1300 thwarta1325 to go against ——a1382 counter1382 repugnc1384 adversea1393 craba1400 gainsaya1400 movec1400 overthwart?a1425 to put (also set) one's face againsta1425 traversea1425 contrairc1425 to take again ——c1425 contraryc1430 to take against ——a1450 opposec1485 again-seta1500 gain?a1500 oppone1500 transverse1532 to come up against1535 heave at1546 to be against1549 encounter1549 to set shoulder against1551 to fly in the face of1553 crossc1555 to cross with1590 countermand1592 forstand1599 opposit1600 thorter1608 obviate1609 disputea1616 obstrigillate1623 contradict1632 avert1635 to set one's hand against1635 top1641 militate1642 to come across ——1653 contrariate1656 to cross upon (or on)1661 shock1667 clash1685 rencounter1689 obtend1697 counteract1708 oppugnate1749 retroact?1761 controvert1782 react1795 to set against ——1859 appose- a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 5769 Þat þei not ȝein seye [Vesp. sai agains, Gött. say again] my sonde wiþ my tokenes þou shalt hem fonde. c1440 York Myst. x. 198 My lord god will I noght gayne-saye. 1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xxxviii. 143 That wold hem lete or gaynsey thentre therof. 1550 R. Crowley Way to Wealth sig. Biii No man durste gaine saye your doinges for feare of displeasure. 1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Trauellers Breuiat 26 The waters..gainesaid and put a period to their further progresses. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost ix. 1158 Too facil then thou didst not much gainsay, Nay, didst permit, approve, and fair dismiss. View more context for this quotation 1771 J. Beattie Minstrel: Bk. 1st li. 26 Or shall frail man Heaven's dread decree gainsay. 1826 W. Scott Woodstock I. ii. 37 Yet be ruled, dearest father,..and submit to that which we cannot gainsay. 1852 M. Arnold Empedocles on Etna, & Other Poems i. ii Why is it, that still Man..believes Nature outraged if his will's gainsaid? 4. To refuse. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [verb (transitive)] warnc897 willeOE forbidc1000 warnc1000 willOE asake1250 withsay1297 gainsayc1330 recusea1387 naitc1390 to say naya1393 again-say?a1400 denyc1400 withnayc1400 biwern1413 refuse?1435 resist1539 detrect1542 renege1545 detract1572 waive1642 declinea1691 nay-say1762 nay-saya1774 nix1903 off1908 ixnay1937 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 9 Kynewolf..toke þe feaute of þe kynges alle..Bot of Kent and Lyndesay and Northumberland. Þise þre kynges geynsaid it hym. ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Ei ^v To be gainsayeng, & refusyng good counsayle. 1575 R. B. Apius & Virginia sig. Biv Would I gainsay hir tender skinne, to baath where I do washe? 1667 S. Pepys Diary 26 Apr. (1974) VIII. 181 It is not in his nature to gainsay anything that relates to his pleasures. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1559v.c1330
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