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单词 fright
释义

frightn.

Brit. /frʌɪt/, U.S. /fraɪt/
Forms: Old English fyrhto, fyrhtu (Northumbrian fryhto, fyrihto), Middle English friȝt, Middle English fryȝt, frey(h)t(e, -th, 1600s– fright.
Etymology: Old English fryhto, a metathetic form (recorded only in Northumbrian) of fyrhto, -u = Gothic faurhtei < Old Germanic *furhtîn- weak feminine, noun of state or quality < *furhto-, forhto- adjective, afraid (Gothic faurhts, Old Saxon foroht, for(a)ht, Old High German foraht, Old English forht). The other West Germanic languages have a synonymous derivative of the same root; Old Frisian fruchta, Old Saxon for(a)hta (Middle Dutch vrucht(e, vrocht), Old High German for(a)hta (Middle High German vorhte, modern German furcht) < Old Germanic *(furhtâ, -ôn-) forhtâ, -ôn- strong and weak feminine.
1.
a. In Old English: Fear in general. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c825 Vesp. Hymns xii. 13 Ðylæs fiondes ðes efestgan facne fyrhtu stille awecce.
c1000 Ags. Ps. liv. 20 [lv. 19] Ne him Godes fyrhtu georne ondrædað.
b. In Middle English and in modern use: Sudden fear, violent terror, alarm. An instance of this. to take fright.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > [noun] > fright caused by alarm
frighta1325
affrayc1380
fray1398
gloppeninga1400
alarma1460
scare1548
affright1566
affrightment1593
aghastment1594
surprise1609
gastc1686
gliff1732
stew1806
stink1819
feeze1825
startlement1927
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1234 His moder wurð neg dead for frigt.
c1325 Body & Soul in Map's Poems (Camd.) 338 Ne thorte us have friȝt ne fer, that God ne wolde his blisse us sent.
c1425 Seven Sag. (P.) 948 Tho the knave hadde a fryȝt.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 177/2 Freyhte, or feer..timor, pavor, terror.
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xxix. xii. 369 The Mazices..thus beaten down in sundry slaughters, in a foule fright, brake their arraies.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. iii. 225 Lest by his clamour..The Towne might fall in fright . View more context for this quotation
1654 E. Nicholas Papers (1892) II. 96 The greate advance made into this countrye had noe other ende then by giving a generall fright.
1770 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) II. xxxviii. 85 The minister took fright.
1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest I. iv. 126 In my fright..I forgot to take the round about way.
1837 W. Irving Adventures Capt. Bonneville III. 221 The antelopes, nearly exhausted with fatigue and fright..made no effort to break through the ring of the hunters.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess vi. 141 An echo started up..and died of fright in far apartments.
2. †Anything that causes terror (obsolete). Hence (colloquial) a person or thing of a shocking, grotesque, or ridiculous appearance.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > [noun] > one who or that which terrifies
terrora1500
terrifier1586
terrible1606
terrification1622
fright1634
gastering1642
Dracula1938
the mind > attention and judgement > lack of beauty > [noun] > grotesqueness > person
mammet1461
scarecrow1590
antic1597
fright1751
figure1774
jigger1825
guy1836
flibbertigibbet1878
worricow1894
1634 W. Tirwhyt tr. J. L. G. de Balzac Lett. 8 Hide my selfe here with your good favour..than to beare a shew there with their frights and soure lookes.
1661 R. Boyle Some Consider. Style of Script. (1675) 27 As a skilful fowler..catches..some with frights, as black-birds with a sparrow-hawk or a low-bell.
1751 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) III. 50 A friend..who is working a fright of a carpet!
1809 M. R. Mitford in A. G. L'Estrange Life M. R. Mitford (1870) I. 76 The present race of young men are such a set of frights.
1832 E. Ind. Sketch Bk. II. 174 To be sure..the women are sad frights, very yellow, and mostly so lean.
1864 W. H. Ainsworth John Law II. iii. iii. 63 ‘You mustn't marry that ridiculous old fright,’ she whispered.
3. ? Misused for fret n.2
ΚΠ
1668 in R. Boyle Hist. Air (1692) xv. 85 The Storm had seven Paroxysms or Exacerbations, which the Seamen call Frights of Weather.

Draft additions 1993

fright wig n. originally U.S. a theatrical wig used to express (mock) fright, usually by means of a string pulled to make the hair stand on end; hence, any wig with the hair arranged standing up or sticking out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > wig > types of > other
Rogerian1597
Gregorian1598
Chedreux1678
vallancy1684
spencer17..
nightcap wig1709
Adonis1734
pigeon wing1753
grizzle1755
tête1756
bag-wig1760
negligent1762
jasey1789
bushel-wig1794
Brutus1798
scalp1802
Brown Georgea1845
sheitel1890
fright wig1904
katsura1908
neck-roll1920
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > practice of wearing artificial hair > [noun] > artificial hair > other specific types of
Chedreux1678
caxy1729
cauliflower wig1753
negligée1753
caxona1761
fright wig1904
weave1958
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > theatrical equipment or accessories > [noun] > costume > wig > types of
fright wig1904
1904 Leslie's Monthly Mag. Aug. 424/1 It lifts your scalp like a fright wig.
1939 ‘N. West’ Day of the Locust in Novels & Other Writings (1997) xxi. 348 Go on..you fugitive from the Western Costume Company, you..you louse in a fright-wig, you.
1960 B. Keaton My Wonderful World of Slapstick i. 12 I got the idea of dressing him up like myself as a stage Irishman with a fright wig, slugger whiskers, fancy vest, and over-size pants.
1989 Independent 9 Oct. 19/8 With a gloating relish that neither her baby-doll fright wig nor her impenetrable pancake make-up could conceal, she set about tormenting her immemorial screen rival.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

frightv.

Brit. /frʌɪt/, U.S. /fraɪt/
Forms: Old English fyrhtan (Northumbrian fyrhta, fryhta), Middle English friȝten, Middle English, 1800s Scottish fricht, 1500s frite, 1500s– fright. past participle 1800s dialect frit.
Etymology: Old English *fryhtan (Northumbrian fryhta), metathetic variant of fyrhtan, corresponding to Old Frisian fruchta, Old Saxon forhtian (Middle Dutch vruchten), Old High German forhten, furhten (Middle High German vürhten, modern German fürchten), Gothic faurhtjan < Old Germanic *furhtjan to fear, < *furhto- (forhto-) afraid. (Old English had also forhtian = Old Saxon forhtôn, of the same meaning but differing conjugation). The factitive sense ‘to terrify’ is peculiar to English.
1. intransitive. To be afraid, to fear. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > be afraid or fear [verb (intransitive)]
adreadeOE
affrightOE
frightc1000
agastc1300
offrightc1300
scarec1400
resoignc1500
fray1535
feara1593
fley1768
c1000 in J. Stevenson Rituale Ecclesiæ Dunelmensis (1840) 102 Ðu doest ða fyrhta, facis eam tremere.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3978 Ðhog ðe asse spac, frigtede he nogt.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1861 Oc michil he frigtede for-ði Boðen symeon and leui.
2.
a. transitive. To affect with fright; to scare, terrify. Now rare exc. poetic and dialect; in ordinary language its place has been taken by frighten. See also frit adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > frighten [verb (transitive)]
gastOE
eisieOE
fearc1000
scarec1175
fray14..
doubtc1315
fright1423
flightc1571
to curdle the blood1579
effray1588
hare1656
pavefy1656
frighten1666
sob1671
haze1677
funk1789
gliff1823
frecken1847
to scare a person silly1942
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1890) iv. iii. 268 Gif..þunorrade eorðan and lyfte brægden and fyrhten.
1423 Kingis Quair clxii I ne wist quhat to done, so was I fricht.
1580 Sir P. Sidney tr. Psalmes David ix. xiii With terrors greate, O Lord, doe thou them fright.
1628 T. Hobbes tr. Thucydides Peloponnesian War (1822) 23 The likelihood of the war wherewith the Corcyreans frighting you go about [etc.].
1700 W. Penn in Mem. Hist. Soc. Pennsylvania (1870) IX. 9 Those that fired upon the Indians, and frighted them.
1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer i. 3 Frighting the maids, and worrying the kittens.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam lxxx. 112 No lower life that earth's embrace May breed with him, can fright my faith. View more context for this quotation
1869 C. Gibbon Robin Gray iv ‘Ye needna be frichted, mither, he's just got himsel hurt’.
1960 Oxf. Mail 4 Aug. 1/5 When I heard he was dead I got frit.
absolute.1749 S. Johnson Vanity Human Wishes 13 Should no..Difficulty fright.
b. With complement: To scare away, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > causing physical symptoms > cause physical symptoms [verb (transitive)] > frighten away
feezec890
shuncha1225
aschewelea1250
fearc1420
scarec1450
affray1487
fray1526
fright1599
lowbell1642
shy1845
1599 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iv. iv. 38 Heele fright you vp yfaith. View more context for this quotation
a1637 B. Jonson Sad Shepherd i. v. 80 in Wks. (1640) III Except Loves fires the vertue have To fright the frost out of the grave. View more context for this quotation
a1642 J. Suckling Acct. Relig. by Reason Ep. 99 in Fragmenta Aurea (1646) I send you..that Discourse..which frighted the Lady into a cold sweat.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iv. xlvi. 373 Would fright them from Obeying the Laws.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 121 Of a Sword the flame Wide waving, all approach farr off to fright . View more context for this quotation
1678 N. Wanley Wonders Little World v. i. §97. 468/1 Charles the fifth..frighted Solyman the Turk from Vienna.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 127 The God..who frights away, With his Lath Sword, the Thiefs and Birds of Prey. View more context for this quotation
1697 S. Patrick Comm. Exod. (ix. 27) 160 A Man distracted and frighted out of his Wits.
1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. (1709) IV. 558 A Refractory People might be frighted into good Manners.
1707 I. Watts Hymns & Spiritual Songs ii. 139 Not Jordan's Stream, nor Death's cold Flood, Should fright us from the Shore.
1781 S. Johnson Thomson in Pref. Wks. Eng. Poets IX. 20 He accompanied the players by audible recitation, till a friendly hint frighted him to silence.
1820 J. Keats Lamia i, in Lamia & Other Poems 3 Before King Oberon's bright diadem..Frighted away the Dryads and the Fauns From rushes green.

Derivatives

ˈfrighting n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > [noun] > action of frightening
affrayinga1450
affright1573
scaring1573
affrightment1608
frighting1619
aghasting1663
the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of terribleness > [adjective]
eislichc888
eyesfulOE
awfulc1175
smarta1200
ferlya1225
sternc1275
grisea1300
uglya1300
dreadfula1325
fell?c1335
stout1338
perilousc1380
terriblec1400
ghastfulc1449
timorous1455
epouventable1477
bedreadc1485
dreadablec1490
dreadc1540
buggisha1555
dreaded1556
monster-like1561
dire1567
scareful1567
terrifying1577
scary1582
direful1583
affrighting1592
dismal1594
affrightful1603
diral1606
tirable1607
frighting1619
scaring1641
affrighteninga1651
formidolous1656
terrific1667
terrifical1677
atrocious1733
terrorful1789
orful1845
lurid1850
terrorsome1890
turble1893
timorsome1894
like the wrath of God1936
1619 J. Denison Heauenly Banquet 184 Frightings and terrors.
1648 T. Gage Eng.-Amer. xxi. 188 How did I sometimes look upon Deaths frighting visage?
1650 W. Brough Sacred Princ. 16 Their trivial and frighting argument.
1663 J. Spencer Disc. Prodigies (1665) 29 God hath now, in a great measure, left frighting of men to Heaven by visible terrors.
1674 J. Bryan Harvest-home iii. 19 Frighting fearfull terrors.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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