| 释义 |
friendshipn. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian friūndskip (West Frisian freonskip ), Old Dutch friuntskap (Middle Dutch vrientscap , vrientschap , Dutch vriendschap ), Old Saxon friundskepi (Middle Low German vrüntschop , also in senses ‘kinship’ and ‘relatives collectively’), Old High German friuntscaf , friuntscaft (Middle High German vriuntschaft (also in sense ‘kinship’), German Freundschaft ), all in senses ‘state of being a friend’, ‘close relationship between friends’, ‘friendliness’, and (in senses ‘kinship’ and ‘relatives collectively’) Old Swedish frändskaper (Swedish frändskap ), Old Danish frændskab (Danish frændskab ) < the Germanic base of friend n. + the Germanic base of -ship suffix. Compare friendrede n.The β. forms show simplification of the consonant cluster; compare also β. forms at friend n. and adj. 1. eOE tr. Bede (Tanner) iv. xxx. 370 Wæs sum mæssepreost..se wæs geara & longe þæm Godes were [in węre] geðeoded gastlices freondscipes [L. spiritalis amicitiae foedere copulatus]. OE tr. Defensor (1969) lxiv. 379 Illa uera est amicitia quae nihil quęrit ex rebus amici nisi solam beniuolentiam : se soð ys freondscype se naht secð of þingum freondes butan sylfe welwyllednysse. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 77 For nan freonchipe nis se muchel as is fals frentchipe. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) l. 818 Þat bi nom þe My frendssipe vor þi soþnesse al clene. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvi. iii. 828 Alabastre..gendreþ and kepeth frenshepe. a1450 (1885) 322 He fest me to his frenschippe, so frendly he fared. 1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster sig. Kiiij Wilde menne, which could by no gentilnes be allured to frendshippe. 1612 F. Bacon (new ed.) 80 Without friendship, society is but meeting. 1694 R. South II. 59 Friendship is the Noblest and most Refined Improvement of Love. 1733 J. Swift 11 True Friendship in two breasts requires The same Aversions, and Desires. 1794 R. B. Sheridan (new ed.) iii. 62 In religion, as in friendship, they who profess most are ever the least sincere. 1841 R. W. Emerson Friendship in 1st Ser. 219 The essence of friendship is entireness. 1875 H. E. Manning v. 125 The love of friendship is..the most perfect form of love. 1902 22 Apr. 3/3 Friendship is the same to-day as it has been for a myriad of yesterdays. 1944 2 Dec. 4/4 She has been faithful to them in the spirit in which friendship is given and accepted in our mountains. 1956 E. Fromm iv. 130 In pre-capitalist societies, the exchange of goods was determined either by direct force, by tradition, or by personal bonds of love or friendship. 2004 14 June 192/2 The soul-scraping honesty of his meditation on faith and friendship is a testament to the monk's continuing influence. the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > friendship the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > friendly relation(s) eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory (Hatton) (1871) xiii. 79 Sua sceal se sacerd giet simle beran ða domas awritene on his breostum.., ðætte sio menisce oliccung for nanum freondscipe ðærto ne gemencge. OE (Tiber.) (2007) 317 Panem cerarium accipere amicitias nouas iungit : hlaf wexenne niman freodscipas niwe gefegð. lOE (Rochester) vi. vii. 177 We cwædon..þæt we wæron ealle swa on anum freondscype swa on anum feondscype, swa hwæðer hit þonne wære. 1385 in W. Fraser (1868) I. 139 Yharnand thair endeful and tendyr frenschepe. c1430 (1844) I. 89/2 A falouschip sekyr and a suthfast frendschip bot dyssayt. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour (Adv.) ii. l. 170 Thair frendschip woux ay mar & mar. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece i. iii. f. 3/1 Knawyng weil na thyng mycht bryng the pepill sonar vnder ane freindschip and band, yan sic doyngis. 1583 B. Melbancke sig. Riiv Yet my good Philotimus, caskes will taste of their full licour, and I shal never forget our old frenship. 1629 J. Earle (ed. 5) xxxvi. sig. G10v His friendships are a kinde of Gossiping friendships. 1697 W. Dampier vii. 182 To endeavour a Friendship with those Indians; a thing our Privateers had long coveted. 1702 I. i. 30 The Other..declared, with a very unnecessary frankness, ‘that he would have no Friendship with him’. 1770 W. Cowper 25 Sept. (1979) I. 235 The Storm of 63 made a Wreck of all the Friendships I had contracted. 1804 T. Jefferson (1830) 18 In its unfortunate bearings on my private friendships. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Will Waterproof's Monologue in (new ed.) II. 184 And softly, thro' a vinous mist, My college friendships glimmer. 1872 J. Morley vii. 342 His friendship with two of the chief actors may have biassed his judgment. 1915 E. Wharton 17 Dec. (1988) 365 His friendship has been the pride & honour of my life. 1951 186 Mr. Acheson was..asked whether he himself, in view of his friendship for Hiss, could be considered a security risk. 2002 N. Lebrecht iv. 85 I felt redeemed by his friendship from a cocoon of caterpillar misery. 2. the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] OE Ælfric Old Test. Summary: Maccabees (Julius) in W. W. Skeat (1900) II. 106 Nicanor..sende to Iudan mid swicdome and cwæð, ne com ic for nanum gefeohte ac for freondscipe to eow. OE Wulfstan (Hatton) (1957) 227 Hwa mæg æfre oðrum furðor freondscype gecyðan þonne he his agen feorh gesylle & ðurh þæt his freond wið deað ahredde? lOE (Laud) anno 1052 Se cyng forgeaf þam eorle & his bearnum his fulne freondscype & fulne eorldom & eall þet he ær ahte & eallon þam mannon þe him mide wæron. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) iii. l. 1060 Wher they wenden frendes finde, Thei founden frenschipe al behinde. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) l. 14359 (MED) Mikel frenscip has þou him kidd. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (Paris) (1971) 369 (MED) Acorus..and grownde yve ben hadde in frendeschip to alle ioyntes. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour (Adv.) i. 84 For yat at ye king off Ingland Held swylk freyndschip and cumpany To yar King. a1566 R. Edwards (1571) sig. Civv I wyll vse his friendship to myne owne commodytie. a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 84 in J. Ware (1633) Such rawe Captaines, as are usually sent out of England, being thereunto onely preferred by friendship, and not chosen by sufficiency. 1693 T. Power in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal xii. Argt. 240 He professes the reality of his Friendship, and the Sincerity of his Intentions. 1694 R. South II. 59 We have here an Account of Christ's friendship to his Disciples. ?1723 in J. Hawkesworth (1766) I. ccxviii. 323 I could never impute it to want of friendship in one, whose goodness to me hath always been abundantly more than I could deserve. 1760 C. Lennox No. 7. 558 He will perceive you to be actuated by your mood and over-hastiness, not by reason or friendship to him. 1832 A. Earle 159 He..rubbed noses so forcibly with me that I felt his friendship for some time. 1861 M. Pattison in Apr. 409 To renew the assurance of his friendship, which was not diminished by the sorrowful event. 1928 N. Richardson iii. 181 Poor fellow—it cost him his head, this and his friendship for Dubarry. 1951 June 11 Those Belgian Scouts..wanted to give one final demonstration of their friendship and good will toward us Americans. 2011 ‘A. Morgan’ 167 I find myself reluctant to test the depths of his friendship for me. society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > alliance or confederacy OE (2008) 2069 Þy ic Heaðo-Bear[d]na hyldo ne telge, dryhtsibbe dæl Denum unfæcne, freondscipe fæstne. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) l. 13078 Betere þe is freondscipe to habben þene for to fihten. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 81 Tullius Hostilius..prayde to come wiþ hym Mecius, kyng of Albans, boþe for olde kynrede and for newe couenant and frenschepe i-made [L. foedus renovatum] after þe deth of þe þre knyȝtes. c1450 (?c1400) (Cambr. Ee.4.32) (1886) 132 (MED) He schal make a contrait, a Matrimonye bitwix þe Emperouris sone of Rome and þe Emperouris doughter of Tartaryn, and with þis contract and ffrenschip þe holy londe schal be ȝolde. c1540 (?a1400) (2002) f. 195 Þen acord was þer knyt þo kyngis betwene, Ffull frenchip and fyn festnyt with hond. 1584 24 By this breach wyth Fraunce, we stand alone..wythout anie great vnition or friendship abrode. 1646 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi II. ix. 221 The true way to effect it [sc. peace] would be, by Henrie's giving him for wife his Eldest daughter Margaret; for that thereby, the friendship between the two nations would be perpetuall. 1673 tr. 3 We have never desired any thing more then..to cultivate a Friendship..between Your Majesties Kingdom and this Republick. 1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb I. v. 57 The strictest Alliance and the closest Friendship subsisting between the Dutch and the several Hottentot Nations. 1782 T. Paine (1791) 69 Where is the impossibility..of England forming a friendship with France and Spain? 1819 D. B. Warden III. li. 554 The Indian chiefs..engaged not to supply guns, ammunition, or other implements of war to tribes of Indians not in friendship with the United States. 1858 9 Nov. 7/1 This treaty..engages that there shall be perpetual peace and friendship between Her British Majesty and the Tycoon of Japan. 1927 13 Jan. 1/8 Chile today registered with the league of nations a treaty of friendship with Turkey. 1958 E. J. Rozek iv. 128 Sikorski wished to sign a pact of mutual friendship and assistance with the U.S.S.R. 2003 18 Jan. 37/1 The 40th anniversary of the Elysée Treaty, a historic pledge of Franco-German friendship. the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > friendship > act of friendship or favour c1175 (?OE) Instr. for Christians 98 in (1964) 82 14 Se ðe ear gifð [read ær gifeð] and eft oftihð bearna gehwylce, bysmer he gewyrceð furþur mycele þonne ænig freondscipe. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) l. 242 Heo wlleð þe freonscipe don. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer (Ellesmere) (1875) l. 1362 And nere the freendshipe þat ye dide er this To me ye sholde paye moore y-wis. a1425 (a1400) (Galba & Harl.) (1863) l. 1884 (MED) Dede wil na frendshepe do ne favour. 1431 in H. M. Flasdieck (1926) 99 The greet plaisirs and kyndenesses..and frendeshippes whiche [they]..haue doon and shewed vs. 1535 Prov. xviii. C A frende that delyteth in loue, doth a man more frendshipe, and sticketh faster vnto him then a brother. 1608 W. Shakespeare ix. 63 Hard by here is a houell, some friendship will it lend you gainst the tempest. View more context for this quotation a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Coxcombe ii. i, in (1647) sig. Nn3v/1 You have done me friendships infinite and often. 1703 II. 275/2 You do 'em a friendship. 1766 H. Brooke I. vii. 235 It is not he who gives you money, but he who puts you into a way of getting it, that does you a friendship. 1850 R. Gordon-Cumming II. xxxi. 298 I then remarked that he would do me a friendship if he would set his people the example by first dealing with me himself. 1905 177 There is nothing in this act which hinders any one who desires to do a friendship. 1937 P. Sturges in A. Horton (1998) 294 I'm doing her a friendship and she wants to play puss in a corner. the mind > emotion > love > friendliness > [noun] > friend > collectively ?c1335 (Harl. 913) (1911) 2 (MED) Be þou þre niȝt in a þrouȝ, þi frendschip is i-lor. c1400 (Rawl. B. 171) 101 (MED) Cadwalayn..in pleyn bataile quellede Edwynne and alle his frendeshippes. c1460 (?c1400) l. 3526 And lokid..with a rewful cher..on othir frendshipp & Neyȝbours he had ther. c1485 ( G. Hay (2005) 245 Gif ane man suld be aire till ane othir..for falt of nerare airis of his frendschip. a1500 (Cambr.) (1949) l. 1290 Þe Duke rekyuered aȝ[a]yne, Hys frenchepys [c1440 Thornton frendis] were fayn. 1545 in C. Innes (1859) 167 The bluid allya frenschipe and nychbourheid. 1600 in R. Pitcairn (1833) II. 145 The aduocat answeris to the friendschip of the sheref Murray as of before. the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > [noun] > compatibility c1485 ( G. Hay (1993) viii. 52 Nobless and gentillesse ar of tenderness and frendschip to knychthede and to the honour of knychthede. 1663 J. Beale Let. 9 Nov. in R. Boyle (2001) II. 202 Yet the friendship of burnet, angelica, & of Lillyes of the Vale is best knowne in White & Rhenish Wine. 1695 J. Dryden tr. R. de Piles in tr. C. A. Du Fresnoy 175 This rule obliges us to know those Colours which have a Friendship with each other, and those which are incompatible. Compounds the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > arm or leg ornament > [noun] > bracelet or armlet > other types of bracelet 1890 14 Nov. 8/3 (advt.) The friendship bracelet... This is one of fashion's newest whims. 14 karat gold plan inside band. 1937 8 Apr. 44/1 (advt.) Lost... Friendship Bracelet, platinum, with seven charms; reward. 1995 E. Arthur 170 When I left, we hugged again, and he gave me a gift, a bit of sweetgrass that he had woven into a friendship bracelet. 2000 E. Reid (2002) 113 He could have been any college kid, backpack slung over his shoulder, dirty friendship bracelets corded around his ankles. 1915 Aug. 595/1 Every class of people, all ranks from wealth to poverty, attend. It's a friendship center. 1967 26 Sept. 10/5 A dreary basement hall at the Bloomsbury Central Baptist Church..has been transformed into a bright friendship centre. 1996 B. Maracle ii. ii. 9 Before returning to Six Nations, I lived in Ottawa... Although there were a lot of Indians and a friendship centre in Ottawa, it wasn't the same as living on a reserve. 2012 (Nexis) 1 Sept. CMA, a multi-cultural organisation which has Friendship Centres throughout Auckland for elderly, lonely or disabled people. 1934 Dec. 36/4 Like a popular school child it has plenty of nicknames—Irish Moss, Baby's Tears, or Friendship Plant. 1960 9 July 52/3 Keep a friendship plant fairly warm. 2011 S. Baker v. 167 If the friendship plant is raised in a dry area, mist the leaves to increase humidity. 1866 10 Feb. The editor of the Presque Isle Loyal Sunrise has been made the happy recipient of a ‘Friendship Quilt’, the gift of forty-eight ladies of that village. 1944 E. F. Robacker (1945) 43 Comparatively few patchwork quilts were dated, usually only those which were ‘friendship’ quilts (in which individual blocks were contributed by friends). 1983 (Nexis) 31 Jan. d5 You can ask friends who can sew to come to a party and help to create a friendship quilt. 2004 K. Wellhousen & I. Crowther vii. 134 A class was making a friendship quilt to hang on the wall of a new children's pioneer museum. 1858 13 Aug. 2/7 (advt.) Superb friendship ring, solid 16 caret [sic] gold, richly enameled. 1897 A. M. Douglas (1898) xvii. 271 She had brought the friendship ring, which was two tiny hands clasped over a sapphire with diamond sparks around it. 1926 Jan. 154/1 (advt.) It makes a wonderful engagement ring or friendship ring. 1987 K. Lette (1989) 61 ‘Gee, how romantic.’ It made my friendship rings and gropes at the drive-in..look like one of Keats' love poems. 2008 W. L. Cozy xii. 152 We had exchanged gifts before and I had given her a friendship ring, but I just was not ready to consider marriage. 1886 22 Jan. 5/5 Since the Grand Friendship Treaty entered into..between the Burmese and British Governments there has existed a real Royal friendship. 1916 C. A. Eastman x. 153 After the early friendship treaties which involved no cession of land,..the Sioux gave up a long strip of land lying along the west bank of the Mississippi. 1944 A. Visson x. 186 In June 1939 Turkey signed friendship treaties with Britain and France, which resulted in..the cession by France of the Sandjak of Hatay. 1988 F. W. Axelgard i. 8 Iraq immediately began to forge close ties with the Soviet Union, which culminated in the conclusion of a Soviet-Iraqi friendship treaty in 1972. 2011 (Nexis) 14 July 14 The negotiation of a friendship treaty with a country which is also seen by many as a strategic threat will be challenging. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.eOE |
