| 释义 |
Fridayn.adv. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian frīadei , frēdei , frīgendei , Middle Dutch vriendach , vridag (Dutch vrijdag ), Middle Low German vrīdach , vrīgedach , Old High German frīatag (Middle High German vrītac , German Freitag ) < the genitive of the Germanic base of the name of the goddess Frig (see note) + the Germanic base of day n., after post-classical Latin dies Veneris day of (the planet) Venus (perhaps 6th cent., but probably earlier; frequently from 1086 in British sources). Compare Byzantine Greek ἡμέρα Ἀϕροδίτης. Compare Old Icelandic frjádagr, Old Swedish fredagher, fregedagher, etc. (Swedish fredag), Danish fredag, apparently all < forms in West Germanic languages.The Latin days of the week in imperial Rome were named after the planets, which in turn were named after gods (see discussion at week n.). In most cases the Germanic names have substituted for the Roman god's name that of a comparable one from the Germanic pantheon. The identification in Anglo-Saxon England of the Roman Venus, goddess of love, with Frig is implicit in the following:OE Byrhtferð Enchiridion (Ashm.) (1995) ii. iii. 118 Iudagum Romani and eac Angli gehalgedon on þisra tungla gemynde heora dagas, and þæne forman dæg hig heton Sunnandæg... Þone oðerne dæg hig heton Monandæg... Ðæne þriddan Marte hig getealdon and þone feorðan Mercurio and þone fiftan Ioue and þone syxtan Venere and þone seofeðan Saturnus. The name of Frig (Old English Frīg , Old High German Frija , Old Icelandic Frigg , in Icelandic mythology the consort of Odin) is attested in Old English only in the name of the day of the week (and the associated words Frīgeǣfen and Frīgeniht : see Frinight n.), although the word also occurs as a common noun frīg (strong feminine) love, (plural) affections, embraces (only in poetry): see free adj. Compare also Old Icelandic freyjudagr , with replacement of the first element with the genitive of Freyja , the name of the North Germanic goddess of fertility (easily associated with Venus); it is unclear whether she was known in the West Germanic world. In α. forms with the first element in the genitive according to the strong feminine (ō -stem) declension (Old English Frīge-dæg ). In β. forms with the first element in the genitive altered to the weak (n -stem) declension (Old English Frīgan-dæg ; compare Old Frisian frigendei )), perhaps after Sunday n., Monday n. (compare α forms at these entries). In γ. forms with the first element apparently uninflected in the nominative (late Old English Frīg-dæg ). With δ. forms perhaps compare the Scandinavian forms cited above; some of the forms could perhaps also reflect association with free n. Compare ( < post-classical Latin dies Veneris ) Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French vendredi (1119 as vendresdi ), Old Occitan divendres (late 12th cent.), venres (mid 13th cent.; Occitan divendres , vendres ), Catalan divendres , divenres (13th cent.), Spanish viernes (end of the 12th cent.), Italian venerdì (a1348). In use as adverb in sense B. 1 originally (in Old English) the dative of the noun used adverbially. With sense B. 2 compare Old English adverbial use of the genitive singular of the noun (compare quot. OE; compare also day n. Phrases 1d(a)(ii)); it is unclear whether this informed the later use (already in early Middle English apparently formed directly from the plural: compare quot. a1250). In Friday-faced adj. and Friday-face n. at Compounds 2 probably originally with reference to Friday as a day of fasting. A. n.the world > time > period > a day or twenty-four hours > specific days > [noun] > Friday eOE (Royal) (1865) i. xlv. 112 Wiþ fleogendum atre & ælcum æternum swile, on frigedæge aþwer buteran þe sie gemolcen of anes bleos nytne oððe hinde. OE (Bodl. 340) (Dict. Old Eng. transcript) Ær beforan nu on ðysum frigendæge, þa he ure drihten for ealles mancynnes hælu deað geðrawade. lOE (Laud) anno 1106 On þære forman længtenwucan on þone Frigedæg..on æfen ætywde an ungewunelic steorra. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) l. 13932 Freon heore læfdi, heo ȝiuen hire fridæi [c1300 Otho þane friday]. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) l. 4700 Þulke woden adde a wif þat ycluped was dame frye,..Þeruore þe englisse clupede..after frye fryday. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. xix. l. 168 This by-fil on a fryday, a litel by-fore paske. ?c1500 (Digby) l. 1513 On þe fryday, god mad man. 1526 W. Bonde sig. Cii The sixte chapiter sheweth a meditacion for Friday. 1584 R. Scot ii. viii. 31 Aboue all other times, they [sc. the witches] confesse vpon fridaies. a1618 W. Raleigh (1637) 19 Because his [sc. Mahomet's] creation hapned upon a friday, that day was ordayned by him to be their Sabbaoth. 1681 I. Newton Let. 28 Feb. in (1960) II. 346 On friday last I saw the Comet neare ye western of ye two starrs in ye left foot of Perseus. 1711 J. Swift 1 Dec. (1948) II. 426 The parliament will certainly meet on Friday next. 1776 D. Hume 10 May (1932) II. 319 Hearing that Friday was the great Market day there for Fish, he commissiond my Friend to send him up..a good Cargo of Soles, John Dories, and Pipers. 1794 S. T. Coleridge (1956) I. 62 My Comrade..last Friday sickened of the confluent small Pox. 1806 11 Nov. 355 Next Friday [the newspaper] promises to make its debut. 1941 ‘N. Blake’ ix. 101 A stoppage of work and less money in the pay-packet on Fridays. 1960 A. Sillitoe Fishing-boat Picture in 92 Pawnshops always keeping open late on a Friday so that women could get their husbands' suits out of pop for the week-end. 2006 (Nexis) 31 Mar. 45 Onto Friday and the start of the weekend. Where should you go? My advice is visit your local, order a drink, then see where the music takes you! society > leisure > social event > visit > [noun] > a reception of visitors > on specific day 1835 Countess of Morley (new ed.) I. 15 Julia, when did Lady Stourbridge say she should begin her Fridays? 1871 M. Collins I. ii. 73 Happy the man who was admitted to the Marchioness's Fridays. 1888 Mrs. H. Ward III. vi. xlii. 236 Madame de Netteville thought her presence at the famous ‘Fridays’ an incubus only to be put up with because the husband was becoming socially an indispensable. 1940 R. M. Gipson xxiii. 361 In January, 1889, she established what would become an institution, her ‘Fridays’ at home, when friends prominent in the arts, in society, and in business gathered to hear good music and indulge in the social amenities. 2003 T. Mackenzie ii. 43 ‘He's taken to joining Edith and me on Fridays—’. ‘Ah, yes, the famous Fridays... Dinner and cards.’ B. adv.OE Agreement of Confraternity with Other Houses, Bath (Corpus Cambr. 111) in W. Hunt (1893) 4 Habbe we us gerædd..þæt we ælcere wucan singan ii mæssan on ælcum mynstre, synderlice for eallum gebroðrum, monandæge, & frigedæge. ?c1225 (?a1200) (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 57 Vh fridei of þe ȝer haldeð silence,..in þe aduent & vmbridei wednesdei & fridei. c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) l. 777 in C. Horstmann (1887) 128 (MED) A-morewe, þene friday Seint thomas wende þudere a-ȝen. 1448 in S. A. Moore (1871) 65 (MED) The Friday y came to Westminster. 1598 in J. Stuart (1846) 165 To pey..tuentie merkis agane Freday cum a fyftein dayis. 1791 W. Romaine Let. 24 Sept. in (1796) 132 We expect..to arrive Friday, by two o'clock, at P. 1872 27 Oct. The steamer India, which arrived Friday, has not commenced to discharge her cargo. 1952 41 198/2 Sabbath, for them, began Friday at sunset. 1997 7 June 125/4 See you Friday—not on your nelly, me old china plate! OE (Tiber.) (1888) xiii. 43 Sexta feria septuagesimus quintus et nonagesimus primus [psalmus dicatur] : þæs frian dæges se fif & syxteogaða & se an & hundnigenteoða.] a1250 (?a1200) (Nero) (1952) 30 Eueriche urideie of ðe ȝer, holdeð silence,..iþen aduent & iþe umbridawes, wodnesdawes & fridawes [?c1225 Cleo. fridei, c1230 Corpus Cambr. fridei]. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. vii. l. 182 (MED) To werke we ȝeden As wel fastyngdaies [as] frydaies. 1685 J. Crowne i. 5 I'le make you keep Lent, and fast Wednesdays and Fridays. a1777 S. Foote (1778) iii. 70 An express stipulation, that all connubial intercourse should be suspended Wednesdays and Fridays. 1846 J. H. Ingraham v. 30 They wont keep lent or fast Fridays. 1908 L. M. Montgomery xxxviii. 422 In winter I can come home Fridays. 2003 A. Valdes-Rodriguez 140 Fridays, Ed ‘dresses down’ and goes out after work for drinks with ‘the guys’. Compounds1477 in J. D. Marwick (1871) 141 In the Friday merkett. 1572 T. Achelley 266 (heading) A prayer for Fridaye morning. 1628 J. Earle ii. sig. B4v His fashion and demure Habit gets him in with some Towne-precisian, & makes him a Guest on Friday nights. 1753 S. Richardson I. ix. 51 'Tis now Friday morning. We are just setting out to dine with Lady Betty. 1763 4 542 I heard a bunter at the Horse-guards last Friday evening swear she would not venture into the Park. 1844 10 Aug. 100 Benedict XIV. introduced here the Via Crucis, or devotion to the passion, performed by a brotherhood of monks every Friday afternoon. 1860 3 Jan. 5/6 A committee meeting of this corps, held on Friday night last at the Dartmouth Hotel. 1882 June 245/1 On the Friday morning at Dublin I had seen a big flaring lithograph portrait..with the people murmuring sympathy over it, in a shop window. 1911 N. Munro Adventures of Country Customer in B. D. Osborne & R. Armstrong (1993) ii. xxxi. 451 They will come into town on the Friday trains at Exhibition excursion rates. 1935 H. Edib ix. 45 The Friday ceremony of His Majesty's going to the mosque. 1993 18 June c 1/1 Friday morning will dawn here, and in the hotel room in which he has been living since January, Darrell..probably will be awake. C2. the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] > assuming or presenting dejected appearance > dejected expression 1592 sig. C4v The Fox made a Friday face, counterfeiting sorrow. 1681 W. Robertson (1693) 1092 What makes you look so sad, and moodily? with such a Friday face. ?1730 10 I turned about, and saw a Person in an ordinary Habit, with a Friday-face, and a Body so thin, that I presently concluded he had that Day come out of Bethlehem or an Hospital. 1860 J. C. Hotten (ed. 2) 169 Friday-face, a gloomy-looking man. 1941 16 247/1 Friday face. A gloomy face. 1994 A. Mills 328 Kit is married to a Friday-face who views me with great suspicion. the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > of the appearance or face 1583 B. Melbancke (new ed.) 32 Hee might..presse an army royall of arrand honest women, to scale the fortresse of modestie with friday-faced scoulds, ere he coulde triumph for halfe such a victory in twise so much space. 1606 57 What a Friday fac't slaue it is! I thinke..his face neuer keepes Holiday. a1640 J. Day & H. Chettle (1659) sig. F1 No you Friday-fac't-frying pan. 1846 C. Redding III. v. 160 I was born on Good Friday, senor. Though somewhat thin and Friday-faced. 1996 J. Jones xi. 170 ‘Oh, do not look so Friday-faced,’ the countess chided them all with a smile. the world > food and drink > food > food otherwise characterized > [noun] > Lenten or fast-day food 1633 ii. i. sig. C4v You must pardon Sir our rudenesse, Fridayes fare for my selfe, a dish of egges and a Rabbet, I lookt for no stranger faces. a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry V xlix, in (1878) IV. 113 That he might haue his Capons, fryday fare. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in 6 The lonely Hall, Whose Friday fare was Enoch's ministering. 1913 IX. 342/2 Friday Street was the market for Friday fare—dried fish. 1994 (Nexis) 8 Aug. b4 Smoked fish is not the poor man's Friday fare. With prices running from about $ 15 to $ 52 a kilogram, the clientele deserves to be demanding. the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > fast-day meal 1573 G. Gascoigne Disc. Aduentures Master F. I. in 242 What followed next, gesse you that knowe the trade, for in this sort, my Frydayes feast I made. 1649 Bp. J. Hall i. vi. 56 The new master of the place..invites his friends to a friday feast; and, finding no boat there, asks the neighbour whether it were a holiday with the fishermen. 1893 A. W. Tourgée viii. 89 A Friday feast! Codfish and herring! 1945 in L. C. Wimberly 437 At last we were told the meat was ready: a Friday feast representing the three cold-blooded divisions of the vertebrates, fish, batrachians, and reptiles. 1987 (Nexis) 29 Mar. cc 3 (heading) Favorite Friday feasts. A trio of fish stories get prizes here. 2002 (Nexis) 22 Mar. b2 The Lenten fish-fry dinners on Fridays have become legend on the Central Coast. The Friday feasts are put on by the Italian Catholic Federation, which feeds up to 700 people each week during Lent. the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] > assuming or presenting dejected appearance > dejected expression a1716 R. South (1717) VI. 110 If he steps forth with a Friday-look and a Lenten Face..Oh! then he is a Saint upon Earth. 1846 M. A. Denham 6 Has a Friday look (sulky, downcast). 1872 J. Glyde Norfolk Garland 150 in G. L. Apperson (1929) 236 He has a Friday look. 1686 tr. Qur'an lxii, in tr. J. Chardin 407 He has sent to his People of Mecca, a Prophet chosen from among 'em... Oh you true Believers! when they call ye to Friday Prayers, run to celebrate the Praises of God. 1733 tr. 19 A Discourse with which the Imams, or Rectors of the Moschs commonly ushered in their Friday's Prayers. 1895 13 Nov. 5/1 The revolver shots fired by them upon the mosques when the Mahomedeans were saying the Friday prayers. 1951 13 838 The Friday prayer is of two sections if the imam is present, otherwise of four. 2007 (Nexis) 25 Nov. a1 When he presides over Friday prayers, the most important of the week, he draws tens of thousands of worshippers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.adv.eOE |
