functioningn.

Brit.

/ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃn̩ɪŋ/,

/ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃənɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈfəŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: function v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < function v. + -ing suffix¹.

The action or an act of performing or fulfilling a function; operation; working.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > [noun]

workOE

operationa1393

workmanshipc1400

actionc1405

act?a1425

workinga1425

activityc1485

executiona1530

play1548

workfulness1570

inworking1587

acting1605

agency1606

operancea1625

transaction1663

operancyc1811

outworking1846

mediacy1854

functioning1856

the world > life > the body > system > [noun] > organ > faculty or function of > functioning

functioning1856

1856 Morning Chron. 17 Sept. 4/1 At length, Independent men begin to discriminate between this mere Administrative functioning and that larger, bolder, and more comprehensive system of action which deserves the name of Government.

1881 W. S. Tuke tr. J. M. Charcot Clin. Lect. 232 Disturbances resulting from the abnormal functioning of the affected organ.

1904 Daily Chron. 19 Aug. 3/2 The marvellous mechanism and functioning of the universe.

1954 R. H. Cochrane Farm Machinery & Tractors (ed. 2) 171 For correct functioning proper contact must be made between the rotor arm and the plug leads.

1987 W. Greider Secrets of Temple i. iii. 88 Friedman objected fundamentally to nearly any form of government intrusion in the natural functionings of the private marketplace.

2013 Runner's World Sept. 65/2 According to experts, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)..improves the functioning of the cerebral cortex.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

functioningadj.

Brit.

/ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃn̩ɪŋ/,

/ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃənɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈfəŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: function n., -ing suffix²; function v., -ing suffix².

Etymology: Partly < function n. + -ing suffix², and partly (in later use) < function v. + -ing suffix².

That functions; working, operating.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > [adjective] > in operation

workfulOE

operant?a1425

operative?a1425

inworking1587

energetical1595

afloat1604

working1609

energetic1629

active1641

energizing1751

energic1786

operating1825

functioning1835

running1842

functionating1884

functional1892

1835 Lancet 30 May 273/2 Animals in whom the functioning organ presents difficulties which are otherwise insurmountable.

1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man ii. 117 The still functioning muscles of the forehead.

1948 M. J. Herskovits Man & his Wks. xiv. 215 Trait and complex and pattern..intermesh, as the gears of some machine to constitute a smoothly running, effectively functioning whole.

1962 Lancet 19 May 1049/1 Nephrectomy would remove one kidney from a patient whose two functioning kidneys were already inadequate.

1969 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 80 11 At Greenwich there was another functioning Herschel telescope.

2005 Independent 10 Oct. 28/1 I regard freedom of expression as the primary right without which one can not have a proper functioning democracy.

Compounds

functioning alcoholic n. a person who is dependent on alcohol but is capable of functioning in the professional and social roles expected of him or her; cf. functional alcoholic n. at functional adj. and n. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1973 Hutchinson (Kansas) News 22 Mar. 2/3 The therapy is geared for what Murray described as the functioning alcoholic—the person who has a job but..his job and life are threatened by his drinking.

1999 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 22 July 16 If Fitzgerald was a splintered, classic alcoholic,..[Hemingway] was, at the very least, a functioning alcoholic.

2008 N. Neill (title) Living with a functioning alcoholic: a woman's survival guide.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	functioning
释义	functioningn. Brit. /ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃn̩ɪŋ/, /ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃənɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈfəŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: function v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < function v. + -ing suffix¹. The action or an act of performing or fulfilling a function; operation; working. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > [noun] workOE operationa1393 workmanshipc1400 actionc1405 act?a1425 workinga1425 activityc1485 executiona1530 play1548 workfulness1570 inworking1587 acting1605 agency1606 operancea1625 transaction1663 operancyc1811 outworking1846 mediacy1854 functioning1856 the world > life > the body > system > [noun] > organ > faculty or function of > functioning functioning1856 1856 Morning Chron. 17 Sept. 4/1 At length, Independent men begin to discriminate between this mere Administrative functioning and that larger, bolder, and more comprehensive system of action which deserves the name of Government. 1881 W. S. Tuke tr. J. M. Charcot Clin. Lect. 232 Disturbances resulting from the abnormal functioning of the affected organ. 1904 Daily Chron. 19 Aug. 3/2 The marvellous mechanism and functioning of the universe. 1954 R. H. Cochrane Farm Machinery & Tractors (ed. 2) 171 For correct functioning proper contact must be made between the rotor arm and the plug leads. 1987 W. Greider Secrets of Temple i. iii. 88 Friedman objected fundamentally to nearly any form of government intrusion in the natural functionings of the private marketplace. 2013 Runner's World Sept. 65/2 According to experts, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)..improves the functioning of the cerebral cortex. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). functioningadj. Brit. /ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃn̩ɪŋ/, /ˈfʌŋ(k)ʃənɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈfəŋ(k)ʃ(ə)nɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: function n., -ing suffix²; function v., -ing suffix². Etymology: Partly < function n. + -ing suffix², and partly (in later use) < function v. + -ing suffix². That functions; working, operating. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > [adjective] > in operation workfulOE operant?a1425 operative?a1425 inworking1587 energetical1595 afloat1604 working1609 energetic1629 active1641 energizing1751 energic1786 operating1825 functioning1835 running1842 functionating1884 functional1892 1835 Lancet 30 May 273/2 Animals in whom the functioning organ presents difficulties which are otherwise insurmountable. 1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man ii. 117 The still functioning muscles of the forehead. 1948 M. J. Herskovits Man & his Wks. xiv. 215 Trait and complex and pattern..intermesh, as the gears of some machine to constitute a smoothly running, effectively functioning whole. 1962 Lancet 19 May 1049/1 Nephrectomy would remove one kidney from a patient whose two functioning kidneys were already inadequate. 1969 Jrnl. Brit. Astron. Assoc. 80 11 At Greenwich there was another functioning Herschel telescope. 2005 Independent 10 Oct. 28/1 I regard freedom of expression as the primary right without which one can not have a proper functioning democracy. Compounds functioning alcoholic n. a person who is dependent on alcohol but is capable of functioning in the professional and social roles expected of him or her; cf. functional alcoholic n. at functional adj. and n. Compounds. ΚΠ 1973 Hutchinson (Kansas) News 22 Mar. 2/3 The therapy is geared for what Murray described as the functioning alcoholic—the person who has a job but..his job and life are threatened by his drinking. 1999 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 22 July 16 If Fitzgerald was a splintered, classic alcoholic,..[Hemingway] was, at the very least, a functioning alcoholic. 2008 N. Neill (title) Living with a functioning alcoholic: a woman's survival guide. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1856adj.1835
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