fundin.¹

Brit.

/ˈfʌndi/, U.S.

/ˈfəndi/, West African English

/ˈfɔndi/

Forms: 1600s fondy, 1700s fondi, 1700s 1900s– fonde, 1800s funde, 1800s– fundi.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from a Mande language.

Etymology: Probably < a Mande language (compare e.g. Mende fundi , Susu funde , Bambara findi ); in later use perhaps partly via Krio fundi , funde . Perhaps compare also the West African forms cited at fonio n., although it is unclear if and how these are related.

Originally: porridge or other food made from the seeds of millet or a similar cereal grass. In later use also: a cereal grass, Digitaria exilis, which resembles millet and is cultivated, chiefly in West Africa, for its edible seeds; (also) the seeds of this plant. D. exilis is also called fonio.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > other grains

buckwheat1548

brank1577

bullimong1578

sesame1600

block-wheat1611

fundi1670

kurakkan1681

manna seeds1764

manna1780

teff1790

bajra1813

semsem1866

sesame grain1867

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > rice > types of rice or rice-plants

fundi1670

ricea1710

wild rice1748

zizania1756

zizany1759

water oats1771

Canada rice1786

Carolina rice1787

menomin1791

Patna rice1795

Indian rice1809

pulut1820

dhan1832

hungry rice1858

swamp rice1861

Menominee1949

miracle rice1968

1607 W. Finch in S. Purchas Pilgrims (1625) I. iv. iv. 416 Of their Pene whence they make their bread is spoken, a small slender herbe like grasse, the stalke full of Seed, not inclosed with any huske; the same I thinke which the Turkes call Cuscus, the Portugals Yfunde.]

1670 J. Ogilby Africa 494 Their common Food is Fondy.., made of the Flour of Mille.

1760 Mod. Part Universal Hist. XVII. 388 Another sort of grain, a species of maize which they make into cakes, and call fonde.

1799 M. Park Trav. Interior Districts Afr. viii. 99 This [meal] communicates a sweet and agreeable taste to the water, and with the addition of a little pounded millet, forms a pleasant gruel called fondi, which is the common breakfast in many parts of Ludamar.

1825 A. G. Laing Trav. Timannee, Kooranko, & Soolima vii. 350 The small rice, or fundé,..is used principally as a sort of sauce or soup.

1843 Chambers' Edinb. Jrnl. 15 July 207/1 The fundi is a slender grass, with digitate spikes, and grows to the height of about eighteen inches.

1858 R. Hogg Veg. Kingdom 818 Paspalum exile is a native of Sierra Leone..cultivated..for its small seeds, and called Fundi or Fundungi, which signifies Hungry Rice.

1915 Nature 25 Nov. 350/2 Fundi, Digitaria exilis, has been known for some time as a cultivated cereal... It is cooked by being thrown into boiling water or used like porridge.

1957 M. Banton West Afr. City iii. 45 April... Farms are prepared for fundi, ginger and groundnuts.

1981 National & Regional Styles Cookery 301 There will be fonde, a special porridge of millet-flour rolled into pearl-sized granules, with yoghurt and sugar.

2006 R. Blench Archaeol., Lang., & Afr. Past viii. 209 Fonio, fundi, hungry rice Digitaria exilis.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

fundin.²

Brit.

/ˈfʌndi/, U.S.

/ˈfəndi/

Inflections: Plural unchanged, fundis.

Origin: A borrowing from Swahili. Etymon: Swahili fundi.

Etymology: Originally < Swahili fundi. In sense 2 perhaps influenced by related words in the Bantu languages of South Africa (compare e.g. Xhosa umfundisi , Zulu umfundisi teacher: see umfundisi n.).

1. In East Africa: a master of a practical trade, craft, or skill; an artisan. Also: a person who fixes things; a handyman or repairman.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > [noun] > manual worker > skilled worker or craftsman

wright?a695

craftyeOE

craftimanOE

craftmanc1275

wroughtc1275

master-mana1325

mister mana1325

craftsmana1382

man of craft1389

artificera1393

handcraftman?c1480

handcraftsman1485

mechanic1509

handcrafta1525

handicraftsman1530

artisana1538

handicraftmana1544

handicraft1547

artsman1551

artist1563

mechanician1570

tradesmana1591

mechanical1600

mechanist1606

Daedal?1614

blue apron1629

Daedalus1631

crafter1643

fitter1648

mystery-man1671

toolsman1821

fundi1860

tradie1912

craftspersona1917

1860 R. F. Burton in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 1859 29 110 These beasts [sc. jungle ox]..afford several chances of a successful shot to the fundi, or shikari, of the caravans.

1907 M. Hall Woman’s Trek ix. 130 My host was a ‘fundi’ (master) at photography, and showed me some remarkably interesting negatives typical of the people and country.

1918 Blackwood's Mag. May 608/2 There was a fundi..who used to let on that the pictures on some vases..were done from wayback Masai.

1938 Jrnl. Royal Afr. Soc. 37 13 The tendency..is for the Native to gravitate upward [in the economic scheme] ousting the Indian Fundis (artizans).

2012 M. Löffelmann Tales my German Afr. vi. 153 Instead of sidewalks you find heaps of rubbish and between them women selling roasted corncobs, fundis doing their business, children playing in the sewage canal.

2. colloquial. Originally in East Africa, now chiefly in Zimbabwe and South Africa: an expert, enthusiast, or specialist in a particular subject.

ΚΠ

1938 ‘R. Hernekin Baptist’ Love at Mission x. 157 Nursing 'em when they're sick and christening the babies. Grammar and so on, prefixes and suchlike—he's a fundi at that all right.

1971 in Dict. S. Afr. Eng. on Hist. Princ. (1996) (at cited word) Mr A—— is a fundi on Dr Johnson's Dictionary, so I'd like him to come in at this point.

1997 Afr. News (Nexis) 25 Apr. The experts range from an economist, a business fundi to a market researcher who are on call 24 hours a day.

2005 Fairlady (Cape Town) Feb. 46/2 Food and wine fundi Melvyn Minnaar.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

fundin.³adj.

Brit.

/ˈfʌndi/, U.S.

/ˈfəndi/

Inflections: Plural fundis, fundies.

Forms: Also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Fundi.

Etymology: < German Fundi (1984 or earlier) < Fund- (in Fundamentalist : see fundamentalist n.) + -i , hypocoristic suffix (compare -y suffix⁶). Compare slightly earlier fundie n., and also realo n., realo adj.In plural form fundis after the German plural form.

Politics.

A. n.³

Originally and esp. in Germany: a member of the radical wing of the Green Party; (later, also) a radical or extreme environmentalist. Contrasted with realo n.

ΚΠ

1984 N.Y. Times 21 June a3/2 The deal has aroused the opposition of the Hesse Greens' ‘Fundis’.

1984 Christian Sci. Monitor 12 Dec. 15/1 The fight between the ‘Fundis’ (those in ‘fundamental opposition’) and the ‘Realos’ (the adherents of ‘realpolitik’) proceeds apace.

1990 A. Toffler Powershift v. Coda 381 Today, a British ecological ‘fundi’ or fundamentalist, writes..that ‘the goals of “fundi” Greens..[are to] return to a Europe which existed in the distant past’.

2013 Irish Times 25 Sept. 10/2 MEP and Green ‘realo’ Rainer Butikofer accused Mr Trittin, considered a ‘fundi’, of running an egotistical election campaign.

B. adj. (attributive).

Originally and esp. in Germany: designating the radical wing of the Green Party; of or belonging to the radical wing of the Green Party. Contrasted with realo adj.

ΚΠ

1985 Economist 8 June 57/3 The Greens' strong ‘Fundi’ (fundamentalist) wing sees any such collaboration [with the Social Democrats] as a betrayal of the party's ideology.

1996 J. S. Dryzek Democracy in Capitalist Times iii. 51 But many ‘realo’ Greens..remain aware of the continuing need for a continued ‘fundi’ commitment as the soul of Green politics.

2001 Independent (Nexis) 24 Mar. 8 This weekend, dreadlocked, sandal-wearing ‘fundi’ Greens will debate with sharp-suited ‘realos’ about sustainable tourism, [etc.].

2016 Guardian (Nexis) 17 Mar. The left-leaning Fundi wing and the centrist Realo faction live in uneasy co-existence.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1670

n.²1860

n.³adj.1984

单词	fundi
释义	fundin.¹ Brit. /ˈfʌndi/, U.S. /ˈfəndi/, West African English /ˈfɔndi/ Forms: 1600s fondy, 1700s fondi, 1700s 1900s– fonde, 1800s funde, 1800s– fundi. Origin: Probably a borrowing from a Mande language. Etymology: Probably < a Mande language (compare e.g. Mende fundi , Susu funde , Bambara findi ); in later use perhaps partly via Krio fundi , funde . Perhaps compare also the West African forms cited at fonio n., although it is unclear if and how these are related. Originally: porridge or other food made from the seeds of millet or a similar cereal grass. In later use also: a cereal grass, Digitaria exilis, which resembles millet and is cultivated, chiefly in West Africa, for its edible seeds; (also) the seeds of this plant. D. exilis is also called fonio. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > other grains buckwheat1548 brank1577 bullimong1578 sesame1600 block-wheat1611 fundi1670 kurakkan1681 manna seeds1764 manna1780 teff1790 bajra1813 semsem1866 sesame grain1867 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > rice > types of rice or rice-plants fundi1670 ricea1710 wild rice1748 zizania1756 zizany1759 water oats1771 Canada rice1786 Carolina rice1787 menomin1791 Patna rice1795 Indian rice1809 pulut1820 dhan1832 hungry rice1858 swamp rice1861 Menominee1949 miracle rice1968 1607 W. Finch in S. Purchas Pilgrims (1625) I. iv. iv. 416 Of their Pene whence they make their bread is spoken, a small slender herbe like grasse, the stalke full of Seed, not inclosed with any huske; the same I thinke which the Turkes call Cuscus, the Portugals Yfunde.] 1670 J. Ogilby Africa 494 Their common Food is Fondy.., made of the Flour of Mille. 1760 Mod. Part Universal Hist. XVII. 388 Another sort of grain, a species of maize which they make into cakes, and call fonde. 1799 M. Park Trav. Interior Districts Afr. viii. 99 This [meal] communicates a sweet and agreeable taste to the water, and with the addition of a little pounded millet, forms a pleasant gruel called fondi, which is the common breakfast in many parts of Ludamar. 1825 A. G. Laing Trav. Timannee, Kooranko, & Soolima vii. 350 The small rice, or fundé,..is used principally as a sort of sauce or soup. 1843 Chambers' Edinb. Jrnl. 15 July 207/1 The fundi is a slender grass, with digitate spikes, and grows to the height of about eighteen inches. 1858 R. Hogg Veg. Kingdom 818 Paspalum exile is a native of Sierra Leone..cultivated..for its small seeds, and called Fundi or Fundungi, which signifies Hungry Rice. 1915 Nature 25 Nov. 350/2 Fundi, Digitaria exilis, has been known for some time as a cultivated cereal... It is cooked by being thrown into boiling water or used like porridge. 1957 M. Banton West Afr. City iii. 45 April... Farms are prepared for fundi, ginger and groundnuts. 1981 National & Regional Styles Cookery 301 There will be fonde, a special porridge of millet-flour rolled into pearl-sized granules, with yoghurt and sugar. 2006 R. Blench Archaeol., Lang., & Afr. Past viii. 209 Fonio, fundi, hungry rice Digitaria exilis. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). fundin.² Brit. /ˈfʌndi/, U.S. /ˈfəndi/ Inflections: Plural unchanged, fundis. Origin: A borrowing from Swahili. Etymon: Swahili fundi. Etymology: Originally < Swahili fundi. In sense 2 perhaps influenced by related words in the Bantu languages of South Africa (compare e.g. Xhosa umfundisi , Zulu umfundisi teacher: see umfundisi n.). 1. In East Africa: a master of a practical trade, craft, or skill; an artisan. Also: a person who fixes things; a handyman or repairman. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > [noun] > manual worker > skilled worker or craftsman wright?a695 craftyeOE craftimanOE craftmanc1275 wroughtc1275 master-mana1325 mister mana1325 craftsmana1382 man of craft1389 artificera1393 handcraftman?c1480 handcraftsman1485 mechanic1509 handcrafta1525 handicraftsman1530 artisana1538 handicraftmana1544 handicraft1547 artsman1551 artist1563 mechanician1570 tradesmana1591 mechanical1600 mechanist1606 Daedal?1614 blue apron1629 Daedalus1631 crafter1643 fitter1648 mystery-man1671 toolsman1821 fundi1860 tradie1912 craftspersona1917 1860 R. F. Burton in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 1859 29 110 These beasts [sc. jungle ox]..afford several chances of a successful shot to the fundi, or shikari, of the caravans. 1907 M. Hall Woman’s Trek ix. 130 My host was a ‘fundi’ (master) at photography, and showed me some remarkably interesting negatives typical of the people and country. 1918 Blackwood's Mag. May 608/2 There was a fundi..who used to let on that the pictures on some vases..were done from wayback Masai. 1938 Jrnl. Royal Afr. Soc. 37 13 The tendency..is for the Native to gravitate upward [in the economic scheme] ousting the Indian Fundis (artizans). 2012 M. Löffelmann Tales my German Afr. vi. 153 Instead of sidewalks you find heaps of rubbish and between them women selling roasted corncobs, fundis doing their business, children playing in the sewage canal. 2. colloquial. Originally in East Africa, now chiefly in Zimbabwe and South Africa: an expert, enthusiast, or specialist in a particular subject. ΚΠ 1938 ‘R. Hernekin Baptist’ Love at Mission x. 157 Nursing 'em when they're sick and christening the babies. Grammar and so on, prefixes and suchlike—he's a fundi at that all right. 1971 in Dict. S. Afr. Eng. on Hist. Princ. (1996) (at cited word) Mr A—— is a fundi on Dr Johnson's Dictionary, so I'd like him to come in at this point. 1997 Afr. News (Nexis) 25 Apr. The experts range from an economist, a business fundi to a market researcher who are on call 24 hours a day. 2005 Fairlady (Cape Town) Feb. 46/2 Food and wine fundi Melvyn Minnaar. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). fundin.³adj. Brit. /ˈfʌndi/, U.S. /ˈfəndi/ Inflections: Plural fundis, fundies. Forms: Also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Fundi. Etymology: < German Fundi (1984 or earlier) < Fund- (in Fundamentalist : see fundamentalist n.) + -i , hypocoristic suffix (compare -y suffix⁶). Compare slightly earlier fundie n., and also realo n., realo adj.In plural form fundis after the German plural form. Politics. A. n.³ Originally and esp. in Germany: a member of the radical wing of the Green Party; (later, also) a radical or extreme environmentalist. Contrasted with realo n. ΚΠ 1984 N.Y. Times 21 June a3/2 The deal has aroused the opposition of the Hesse Greens' ‘Fundis’. 1984 Christian Sci. Monitor 12 Dec. 15/1 The fight between the ‘Fundis’ (those in ‘fundamental opposition’) and the ‘Realos’ (the adherents of ‘realpolitik’) proceeds apace. 1990 A. Toffler Powershift v. Coda 381 Today, a British ecological ‘fundi’ or fundamentalist, writes..that ‘the goals of “fundi” Greens..[are to] return to a Europe which existed in the distant past’. 2013 Irish Times 25 Sept. 10/2 MEP and Green ‘realo’ Rainer Butikofer accused Mr Trittin, considered a ‘fundi’, of running an egotistical election campaign. B. adj. (attributive). Originally and esp. in Germany: designating the radical wing of the Green Party; of or belonging to the radical wing of the Green Party. Contrasted with realo adj. ΚΠ 1985 Economist 8 June 57/3 The Greens' strong ‘Fundi’ (fundamentalist) wing sees any such collaboration [with the Social Democrats] as a betrayal of the party's ideology. 1996 J. S. Dryzek Democracy in Capitalist Times iii. 51 But many ‘realo’ Greens..remain aware of the continuing need for a continued ‘fundi’ commitment as the soul of Green politics. 2001 Independent (Nexis) 24 Mar. 8 This weekend, dreadlocked, sandal-wearing ‘fundi’ Greens will debate with sharp-suited ‘realos’ about sustainable tourism, [etc.]. 2016 Guardian (Nexis) 17 Mar. The left-leaning Fundi wing and the centrist Realo faction live in uneasy co-existence. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1670n.²1860n.³adj.1984
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fundin.1

fundin.2

fundin.3adj.

fundin.¹

fundin.²

fundin.³adj.