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单词 fundi
释义

fundin.1

Brit. /ˈfʌndi/, U.S. /ˈfəndi/, West African English /ˈfɔndi/
Forms: 1600s fondy, 1700s fondi, 1700s 1900s– fonde, 1800s funde, 1800s– fundi.
Origin: Probably a borrowing from a Mande language.
Etymology: Probably < a Mande language (compare e.g. Mende fundi , Susu funde , Bambara findi ); in later use perhaps partly via Krio fundi , funde . Perhaps compare also the West African forms cited at fonio n., although it is unclear if and how these are related.
Originally: porridge or other food made from the seeds of millet or a similar cereal grass. In later use also: a cereal grass, Digitaria exilis, which resembles millet and is cultivated, chiefly in West Africa, for its edible seeds; (also) the seeds of this plant. D. exilis is also called fonio.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > other grains
buckwheat1548
brank1577
bullimong1578
sesame1600
block-wheat1611
fundi1670
kurakkan1681
manna seeds1764
manna1780
teff1790
bajra1813
semsem1866
sesame grain1867
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > rice > types of rice or rice-plants
fundi1670
ricea1710
wild rice1748
zizania1756
zizany1759
water oats1771
Canada rice1786
Carolina rice1787
menomin1791
Patna rice1795
Indian rice1809
pulut1820
dhan1832
hungry rice1858
swamp rice1861
Menominee1949
miracle rice1968
1607 W. Finch in S. Purchas Pilgrims (1625) I. iv. iv. 416 Of their Pene whence they make their bread is spoken, a small slender herbe like grasse, the stalke full of Seed, not inclosed with any huske; the same I thinke which the Turkes call Cuscus, the Portugals Yfunde.]
1670 J. Ogilby Africa 494 Their common Food is Fondy.., made of the Flour of Mille.
1760 Mod. Part Universal Hist. XVII. 388 Another sort of grain, a species of maize which they make into cakes, and call fonde.
1799 M. Park Trav. Interior Districts Afr. viii. 99 This [meal] communicates a sweet and agreeable taste to the water, and with the addition of a little pounded millet, forms a pleasant gruel called fondi, which is the common breakfast in many parts of Ludamar.
1825 A. G. Laing Trav. Timannee, Kooranko, & Soolima vii. 350 The small rice, or fundé,..is used principally as a sort of sauce or soup.
1843 Chambers' Edinb. Jrnl. 15 July 207/1 The fundi is a slender grass, with digitate spikes, and grows to the height of about eighteen inches.
1858 R. Hogg Veg. Kingdom 818 Paspalum exile is a native of Sierra Leone..cultivated..for its small seeds, and called Fundi or Fundungi, which signifies Hungry Rice.
1915 Nature 25 Nov. 350/2 Fundi, Digitaria exilis, has been known for some time as a cultivated cereal... It is cooked by being thrown into boiling water or used like porridge.
1957 M. Banton West Afr. City iii. 45 April... Farms are prepared for fundi, ginger and groundnuts.
1981 National & Regional Styles Cookery 301 There will be fonde, a special porridge of millet-flour rolled into pearl-sized granules, with yoghurt and sugar.
2006 R. Blench Archaeol., Lang., & Afr. Past viii. 209 Fonio, fundi, hungry rice Digitaria exilis.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

fundin.2

Brit. /ˈfʌndi/, U.S. /ˈfəndi/
Inflections: Plural unchanged, fundis.
Origin: A borrowing from Swahili. Etymon: Swahili fundi.
Etymology: Originally < Swahili fundi. In sense 2 perhaps influenced by related words in the Bantu languages of South Africa (compare e.g. Xhosa umfundisi , Zulu umfundisi teacher: see umfundisi n.).
1. In East Africa: a master of a practical trade, craft, or skill; an artisan. Also: a person who fixes things; a handyman or repairman.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > [noun] > manual worker > skilled worker or craftsman
wright?a695
craftyeOE
craftimanOE
craftmanc1275
wroughtc1275
master-mana1325
mister mana1325
craftsmana1382
man of craft1389
artificera1393
handcraftman?c1480
handcraftsman1485
mechanic1509
handcrafta1525
handicraftsman1530
artisana1538
handicraftmana1544
handicraft1547
artsman1551
artist1563
mechanician1570
tradesmana1591
mechanical1600
mechanist1606
Daedal?1614
blue apron1629
Daedalus1631
crafter1643
fitter1648
mystery-man1671
toolsman1821
fundi1860
tradie1912
craftspersona1917
1860 R. F. Burton in Jrnl. Royal Geogr. Soc. 1859 29 110 These beasts [sc. jungle ox]..afford several chances of a successful shot to the fundi, or shikari, of the caravans.
1907 M. Hall Woman’s Trek ix. 130 My host was a ‘fundi’ (master) at photography, and showed me some remarkably interesting negatives typical of the people and country.
1918 Blackwood's Mag. May 608/2 There was a fundi..who used to let on that the pictures on some vases..were done from wayback Masai.
1938 Jrnl. Royal Afr. Soc. 37 13 The tendency..is for the Native to gravitate upward [in the economic scheme] ousting the Indian Fundis (artizans).
2012 M. Löffelmann Tales my German Afr. vi. 153 Instead of sidewalks you find heaps of rubbish and between them women selling roasted corncobs, fundis doing their business, children playing in the sewage canal.
2. colloquial. Originally in East Africa, now chiefly in Zimbabwe and South Africa: an expert, enthusiast, or specialist in a particular subject.
ΚΠ
1938 ‘R. Hernekin Baptist’ Love at Mission x. 157 Nursing 'em when they're sick and christening the babies. Grammar and so on, prefixes and suchlike—he's a fundi at that all right.
1971 in Dict. S. Afr. Eng. on Hist. Princ. (1996) (at cited word) Mr A—— is a fundi on Dr Johnson's Dictionary, so I'd like him to come in at this point.
1997 Afr. News (Nexis) 25 Apr. The experts range from an economist, a business fundi to a market researcher who are on call 24 hours a day.
2005 Fairlady (Cape Town) Feb. 46/2 Food and wine fundi Melvyn Minnaar.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

fundin.3adj.

Brit. /ˈfʌndi/, U.S. /ˈfəndi/
Inflections: Plural fundis, fundies.
Forms: Also with capital initial.
Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German Fundi.
Etymology: < German Fundi (1984 or earlier) < Fund- (in Fundamentalist : see fundamentalist n.) + -i , hypocoristic suffix (compare -y suffix6). Compare slightly earlier fundie n., and also realo n., realo adj.In plural form fundis after the German plural form.
Politics.
A. n.3
Originally and esp. in Germany: a member of the radical wing of the Green Party; (later, also) a radical or extreme environmentalist. Contrasted with realo n.
ΚΠ
1984 N.Y. Times 21 June a3/2 The deal has aroused the opposition of the Hesse Greens' ‘Fundis’.
1984 Christian Sci. Monitor 12 Dec. 15/1 The fight between the ‘Fundis’ (those in ‘fundamental opposition’) and the ‘Realos’ (the adherents of ‘realpolitik’) proceeds apace.
1990 A. Toffler Powershift v. Coda 381 Today, a British ecological ‘fundi’ or fundamentalist, writes..that ‘the goals of “fundi” Greens..[are to] return to a Europe which existed in the distant past’.
2013 Irish Times 25 Sept. 10/2 MEP and Green ‘realo’ Rainer Butikofer accused Mr Trittin, considered a ‘fundi’, of running an egotistical election campaign.
B. adj. (attributive).
Originally and esp. in Germany: designating the radical wing of the Green Party; of or belonging to the radical wing of the Green Party. Contrasted with realo adj.
ΚΠ
1985 Economist 8 June 57/3 The Greens' strong ‘Fundi’ (fundamentalist) wing sees any such collaboration [with the Social Democrats] as a betrayal of the party's ideology.
1996 J. S. Dryzek Democracy in Capitalist Times iii. 51 But many ‘realo’ Greens..remain aware of the continuing need for a continued ‘fundi’ commitment as the soul of Green politics.
2001 Independent (Nexis) 24 Mar. 8 This weekend, dreadlocked, sandal-wearing ‘fundi’ Greens will debate with sharp-suited ‘realos’ about sustainable tourism, [etc.].
2016 Guardian (Nexis) 17 Mar. The left-leaning Fundi wing and the centrist Realo faction live in uneasy co-existence.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2017; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.11670n.21860n.3adj.1984
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更新时间:2025/3/11 1:15:00